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63-550: The Kaboga family first appears during the late 13th century. Džore Dišić, who died before 1282, appears to be the patriarch although he is not specifically mentioned in sources. Džore Dišić's wife Draga and their sons, Mihajlo (Miho), the cleric Dživo, Marin and Vlaho, are frequently mentioned in records of the Dubrovnik chancellery for 1281 and 1282; Draga is described as " Uxor quondam Georgii de Disica ", and her sons primarily as " filii qu. Džore Dišić ". Mihajlo, Dživo and Marin have

126-441: A university's chancellor . The chancellor is the principal record-keeper of a diocese or eparchy , or their equivalent. The chancellor is a notary, so that he may certify official documents, and often has other duties at the discretion of the bishop of the diocese: he may be in charge of some aspect of finances or of managing the personnel connected with diocesan offices, although his delegated authority cannot extend to vicars of

189-508: A Chancellor ( Kantsler ) directs the work of a ministry and coordinates institutions subject to the ministry, comparably to a Permanent Secretary in Great Britain. A ministry can also have one or several Vice-Chancellors ( Asekantsler ), who fulfill the duties of the Chancellor, when they are absent. The Chancellor of Justice ( Õiguskantsler , currently Ülle Madise ) supervises

252-559: A base for Austrian and German submarines. The Cattaro mutiny of sailors of the Austro-Hungarian Navy occurred in Kotor starting on 1 February 1918. The mutiny remained isolated and had to be abandoned after three days due to the arrival of loyal troops. Four sailors were subsequently executed according to naval law. The area was the site of some of the fiercest battles between local Montenegrins and Austria-Hungary . The city came under

315-501: A cat museum, as well as the Cats' Square ( Trg od mačaka ). Water and food is left throughout the city for the cats to feed on, and cardboard boxes are often arranged to be a place for the cats to sleep in. Tourists may notice cats in poor health, which may be due to malnutrition, lack of shelter, fighting, or illness (often a common viral respiratory condition for which medicine is unavailable). The charity Kotor Kitties exists to try and help

378-454: A consultative vote and prepares the reports on policy and activities of the council to parliament (assembly). The chancellery is responsible for the publication of all federal laws. In most Swiss cantons there is a State Chancellor who heads the central administrative unit of the cantonal government. In the Canton of Geneva , the first documents attesting to the existence of a Chancellor go back to

441-412: A few instances, the term chancellor applies to a student or faculty member in a high school or an institution of higher learning who is either appointed or elected as chancellor to preside on the highest ranking judicial board or tribunal . They handle non-academic matters such as violations of behavior. In Germany many heads of university administration carry the title Kanzler (Chancellor) while

504-463: A plague and left a young son, Dživo Džono Kaboga. Records of two sons of Dživo Džono Kaboga, Nikola and Luka (1396–1437), survive; Luka was born outside of marriage, and the brothers worked together. Their accounting records are the oldest documents of their time preserved in Dubrovnik. Chancellor Chancellor ( Latin : cancellarius ) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were

567-685: Is a national powerhouse of water polo , which is a popular sport in Montenegro. The team of Primorac Kotor won the LEN Champions League in 2009. Another club from Kotor, VA Cattaro , won the 2010 edition of the LEN Euro Cup . Kotor is connected to the Adriatic Highway and the rest of the coast and inland Montenegro by Vrmac Tunnel . Inland is reachable by detouring from Adriatic highway at Budva or Sutomore (through Sozina tunnel ). There

630-677: Is a town in Coastal region of Montenegro . It is located in a secluded part of the Bay of Kotor . The city has a population of 13,347 and is the administrative center of Kotor Municipality . The old Mediterranean port of Kotor is surrounded by fortifications built during the Venetian period. It is located on the Bay of Kotor ( Boka Kotorska ), one of the most indented parts of the Adriatic Sea . Some have called it

693-423: Is also a historic road connecting Kotor with Cetinje , which has views of Kotor bay. Tivat Airport is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away, and there are regular flights to Belgrade , Moscow , Paris and London . Dozens of charter planes land daily on Tivat airport during the summer season. Podgorica Airport is 65 kilometres (40 mi) away, and it has regular flights to major European destinations throughout

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756-675: Is backed by a statute from 1301, which demonstrates that Kotor had the status of a city under Serbian rule. In the 14th century the commerce of Cattaro , as named in Latin scripts (in Serbian Котор, град краљев/Kotor, city of the King ), rivaled that of Republic of Ragusa, and caused the Republic of Venice to be envious. Kotor remained the most important trading port of subsequent Serb states – Kingdom of Serbia and Serbian Empire , up to its downfall in 1371. After

819-648: Is part of the World Heritage Site dubbed the Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor . The fortified city of Kotor was also included in UNESCO 's World Heritage Site list as part of Venetian Works of Defence between 16th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar in 2017. Once populated by the Illyrians , the exact time of foundation of the first settlement is not known. According to some sources,

882-541: Is still the seat of the Catholic Bishopric of Kotor , which covers the entire gulf. In 2011, 78% citizens of Kotor were Orthodox Christians, while 12% were listed as Roman Catholic. Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro – MONSTAT, Census 2011 The local football team is FK Bokelj , who have spent several seasons in the country's top and second tiers . They play their home games at the Stadion pod Vrmcem . Kotor

945-614: Is the head of the Government of Austria. Since 2021, the Chancellor of Austria is Karl Nehammer . The Chancellor of Germany ( Bundeskanzler ) is the head of government in Germany. In German politics , the Bundeskanzler is equivalent to a prime minister and is elected by the Bundestag ("Federal Diet", the directly elected federal parliament) every four years on the beginning of

1008-480: The cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the cancelli (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery . The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education, religion ). Nowadays the term is most often used to describe: The Chancellor of Austria ( Bundeskanzler ),

1071-766: The Vijeće Umoljenih . Nikola carried out diplomatic assignments; he visited the King of Hungary in 1360 and 1363, and participated in peace talks in Kotor in 1362. Before his death in 1373 he was a judge and four-term rector, and was influential during Dubrovnik's break with Venice . Vlaho and his descendants were primarily grain traders ; in 1292 he appears as a witness in Ancona , and in 1313 in Durrës . In 1329 oats were taken from him in Ulcinj and

1134-658: The District of Columbia Public Schools , who run the municipally-operated public schools in those jurisdictions, carry the title of Chancellor. New York State also has a Chancellor of the University of the State of New York , the body that licenses and regulates all educational and research institutions in the state and many professions (not to be confused with the State University of New York , an actual institution of higher learning). In

1197-734: The Finnish Council of State . In Sweden the Chancellor of Justice or Justitiekanslern acts as the Solicitor General for the Swedish Government . The office was introduced by Charles XII of Sweden in 1713. Historically there was also a Lord High Chancellor or Rikskansler as the most senior member of the Privy Council of Sweden . There is in addition to this a University Chancellor or Universitetskansler , who leads

1260-596: The Grand Principality of Serbia and founder of the Nemanjić dynasty . At that time Kotor was already an episcopal see subordinated to the archbishopric of Bari , and in 13th century, Dominican and Franciscan monasteries were established to check the spread of Bogomilism . Under the rule of the Nemanjić Kotor became a partially autonomous city, enjoying many privileges and maintaining its republican institutions. This

1323-567: The Ostrogoths . Ascrivium was plundered by the Saracens in 840. It was further fortified towards the peak of Saint Ivan by Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos in the 10th century. It was one of the more influential Dalmatian city-states , initially with a Romance-speaking population, as throughout the early Middle Ages, and until the 11th century the Dalmatian language was still spoken in Kotor. The city

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1386-667: The Summer Carnival or Bokeljska Noć . Together with Budva , and the small town of Tuzi , near Podgorica , the city hosted the Federation of European Carnival Cities (FECC) World Carnival City Congress in May 2009. Kotor Festival of Theatre for Children is one of the most important festivals of its kind in Southeast Europe. Thirty years of this manifestation have marked performances by artists from over 30 countries, from 5 continents. It

1449-700: The Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany had the equivalent position of Reichskanzler as the head of the executive. Between 1871 and 1918, the Chancellor was appointed by the German Emperor . During the Weimar Republic (1919-1933), the Chancellor was chosen by the President and stood under his authority. This continued (formally) during the first year of the Nazi regime until the death of President Paul von Hindenburg in 1934. Between 1934 and 1945, Adolf Hitler combined

1512-613: The fracturing of the Serbian Empire , the city was taken by the Kingdom of Hungary , only to change hands repeatedly between them and the Republic of Venice in the period between 1371 and 1384. After that, Kotor was held by the Kingdom of Bosnia under Tvrtko I Kotromanić between 1384 and 1391. The king of Bosnia, who claimed the Serbian throne, minted his coins in Kotor. After the death of Tvrtko in 1391, Kotor became fully independent, until

1575-472: The 12th century, and until 1660 it was the title of the leader of the state administration (a kind of a "Home Office" but often with foreign political duties). Often he appeared to be the real leader of the government. From 1660 until 1848, the title continued as "Grand Chancellor" or "President of the Danish Chancellery", and was replaced in 1730 by the title "Minister of Domestic Affairs". In Estonia,

1638-683: The 12th century. In the 16th century the Chancery is officially described as the permanent secretariat of the executive and legislature. The first of these functions still constitutes an important part of its activities in Geneva and other cantons. In the canton of Bern , the Chancellor is elected by the Grand Council (i.e. Parliament) and has the task of supporting the Grand Council and the Executive Council in carrying out their tasks. The Chancellor directs

1701-524: The 14th and 15th centuries, there was an influx of settlers from the oblasts of Trebinje (the region around forts Klobuk Ledenica and Rudina) and the Hum lands ( Gacko and Dabar ) to Kotor. The Italian name of the city is Cattaro . Under Venetian rule, Kotor was besieged by the Ottoman Empire in 1538 and 1657, endured the plague in 1572, and was nearly destroyed by earthquakes in 1563 and 1667 . In

1764-467: The 15th and 16th centuries, the customs of the local administration of Kotor, such as the right of the popolari to elect urban representatives, were unchanged and tolerated by the Provveditore of the city, despite Venetian laws prohibiting such institutions. In 1627, during a dispute between the populari and Kotor's nobility, this right was revoked by the consultare Fulgenzio Micanzio , thus empowering

1827-495: The 16th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar . It is home to numerous sights, such as the Cathedral of Saint Tryphon in the old town (built in 1166), and the ancient walls which stretch for 4.5 km (3 mi) directly above the city. Sveti Đorđe and Gospa od Škrpijela islets off the coast of Perast are also among the tourism destinations in the vicinity of Kotor. Kotor hosts several summer events, such as

1890-701: The 2023 census. Ethnic composition of the municipality in 2011: Until the 19th century the main language of Kotor was Italian . During the 19th century, the use of Italian began to decline in favour of Serbian . In 1890, the 18.7% of the population was Italian . The majority of the Italian minority left the city for Italy after the Treaty of Rapallo (1920) . The remaining Italians were assimilated or left Kotor after 1945. Today, only 31 people in Kotor identify as ethnic Italians. According to documents from 1900, Kotor had 7,617 Catholics , and 7,207 Orthodox Christians . Kotor

1953-606: The Annual Conference usually hires outside professional counsel in matters that require legal representation, that hiring and representation is done under the supervision, and with the consent, of the Conference Chancellor. A chancellor is the leader, either ceremonial or executive, of many public and private universities and related institutions. The heads of the New York City Department of Education and

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2016-733: The French Empire's Illyrian Provinces . Kotor was captured by the British in an attack on the Bay led by Commodore John Harper in the brig sloop HMS  Saracen (18 guns). To seal off Kotor, residents along the shore literally pulled the ship in windless conditions with ropes. Saracen' s crew later hauled naval 18-pounder guns above Fort St. John, the fortress near Kotor, and were reinforced by Captain William Hoste with his ship HMS  Bacchante (38 guns). The French garrison had no alternative but to surrender, which it did on 5 January 1814. It

2079-510: The German foreign service, the term Kanzler (chancellor) refers to the administrative head of a diplomatic mission. In Finland the Chancellor of Justice ( Oikeuskansleri , Justitiekanslern ) supervises the legality of actions taken by the government and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties. In this special function the chancellor also sits in the Finnish Cabinet ,

2142-540: The National Agency for Higher Education . In the legal system of the United Kingdom, the term can refer to these officials: Some U.S. states , like Delaware , Tennessee , and Mississippi , still maintain a separate Court of Chancery with jurisdiction over equity cases. Judges who sit on those courts are called chancellors. In Denmark, the office of chancellor (or royal chancellor) seems to have appeared in

2205-654: The Swiss Federal Government. He is elected by the Swiss Federal Assembly (German: Bundesversammlung , French: Assemblée fédérale , Italian: Assemblea federale ) to head the Federal Chancellery (German: Bundeskanzlei ) — the general staff of the seven-member executive Federal Council , the Swiss federal government. The Chancellor participates in the meetings of the seven Federal Councilors with

2268-543: The academical heads carry the title Rektor (Rector). In order to avoid any misunderstanding, the head of the German Federal Government is therefore usually called by the official title Bundeskanzler ( Federal Chancellor). Kotor Kotor ( Montenegrin Cyrillic : Котор, pronounced [kɔ̌tɔr] ), historically known as Cattaro (from Italian : pronounced [ˈkattaro] ),

2331-526: The administration, wary of the looming Ottoman danger, asked Venice for protection. The city acknowledged the suzerainty of Venice in 1420. The city was part of the Venetian Albania province of the Venetian Republic from 1420 to 1797. Four centuries of Venetian domination have given the city the typical Venetian architecture, that contributes to make Kotor a UNESCO world heritage site. In

2394-462: The administrative limits of the town encompass only the area of the Old Town. The urban area of Kotor also includes Dobrota (7,345) and Škaljari (3,342), bringing the population of Kotor's urban area close to 13,000 inhabitants. The total number rises to around 15,000 if the neighbouring hamlets of Muo , Prčanj and Stoliv are included. The entire population of Kotor Municipality was 21,916, as of

2457-543: The allied occupation of the eastern Adriatic in 1918. After 1918, the city became a part of Yugoslavia and officially became known as Kotor . Between 1941 and 1943 the Kingdom of Italy annexed the area of Kotor which became one of three provinces of the Italian Governorate of Dalmatia – the Province of Cattaro had an area (subdivided in 15 "Comuni") of 547 km and a population of 39,800 inhabitants. Most of

2520-399: The cats of Kotor through spaying and neutering. Kotor is described evocatively at the beginning of Marguerite Yourcenar's story 'Marko's Smile.' Kotor is the administrative centre of Kotor municipality, which includes the towns of Risan and Perast, as well as many small hamlets around the Bay of Kotor , and has a population of 21,916. The town of Kotor itself has 1,360 inhabitants, but

2583-474: The city's inhabitants were Orthodox (with some Roman Catholics). After the war the remaining Dalmatian Italians of Kotor (300 inhabitants) left Yugoslavia towards Italy ( Istrian-Dalmatian exodus ). Kotor has one of the best preserved medieval old towns in the Adriatic and is a double Unesco World Heritage Site : it is part of Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor and Venetian Works of Defence between

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2646-486: The diocesan bishop, such as vicars general , episcopal vicars or judicial vicars. His office is within the " chancery ". Vice-chancellors may be appointed to assist the chancellor in busy chanceries. Normally, the chancellor is a priest or deacon, although in some circumstances a layperson may be appointed to the post. In the eparchial curia a chancellor is to be appointed who is to be a presbyter (priest) or deacon and whose principal obligation, unless otherwise established by

2709-546: The electoral period after general elections. Between general elections, the Chancellor (together with the whole cabinet) can only be removed from office by a konstruktives Misstrauensvotum ( constructive vote of no confidence ), which consists of the Bundestag electing a successor. Since 2021, the Chancellor of Germany is Olaf Scholz of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) The former German Empire ,

2772-609: The following year, he and his son Dživo accepted a quantity of wheat from a Florentine company. Three months later, he received a credit of 450 perperas from the Florentines. His sons continued in the grain trade; Dživo and M. Cerva were sent to Constantinople in 1330 to purchase wheat. In September 1335, Dživo sold 670 stara ječma from the harvest to a merchant from Bar. At the end of October, he agreed to supply Dubrovnik with at least 500 stara of wheat by January or February. On January 28, 1336, Dživo delivered 673 stara of wheat. He

2835-663: The legality of actions taken by the government and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties. In the United States, the only "chancellor" established by the federal government is the Chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution , a largely ceremonial office held by the Chief Justice of the United States . As the Smithsonian is a research and museum system, its use of the title is perhaps best thought of as akin to

2898-461: The name "Kaboga", and Mihajlo is described as the son of Džore Kaboga. Vlaho is mentioned in the Dubrovnik chancellery books later, after the name of Kaboga replaced Dišić. In 1297, he is called Vlaho Džore Kaboga. Tomasina filia qu Džore Dišić, who married Palma Bisti Getaldić in 1283, appears again in 1325 in the will of Džono Kaboga; the Kaboga and Dišić families of 1281 and 1282 are seemingly identical, with Miho Džore Kaboga (1280–1286) apparently

2961-630: The oldest brother. In 1281, he received a portion of his father's estate. Marin, Dživo and Vlaho continued to live with their mother, and Marin cared for the family's business affairs. Miho described his brother Dživo as his procurator . Three branches of the Kaboga family are descended from Miho, Marin and Vlaho, with all three cited in the second half of the 15th century. Marin's descendants, including his son Jure (1310–1368) and his grandson Nikola Jurov Kaboga (1348–1373), were involved in public life. Vlaho (1282–1333) had two sons, Dživo (1330–1340) and Mihael (1332–1366); he, Jure, Niko and Miše were members of

3024-421: The oldest settled area dates two millennia back. The city, first mentioned in 168 BC, was settled during ancient Roman times, when it was known as Acruvium , Ascrivium , or Ascruvium ( Ancient Greek : Ἀσκρήβιον ) and was part of the Roman province of Dalmatia . The city has been fortified since the early Middle Ages , when Emperor Justinian built a fortress above Ascrivium in 535, after expelling

3087-408: The pact and, taking advantage of its alliance with Dubrovnik , maintained its high autonomy. Duklja, the biggest Serb duchy at the time, gradually became more powerful under Vojislavljević dynasty and eventually independent from Byzantium in 1042. The city remained autonomous up until Duklja was once again subdued by Byzantium in 1143. The city was conquered in 1185 by Stefan Nemanja , the ruler of

3150-425: The particular law, is to see that the acts of the curia are gathered and arranged as well as preserved in the archives of the eparchial curia. In England, the Consistory courts of the Church of England are each presided over by a Chancellor of the Diocese. In the United Methodist Church , each Annual Conference has a Conference Chancellor, who is the Annual Conference's legal adviser and representative. While

3213-436: The position of the city's urban elite. After the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797, it passed to the Habsburg monarchy . However, in 1805, it was assigned to the French Empire 's client state, the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy , by the Treaty of Pressburg , although in fact held by a Russian squadron under Dmitry Senyavin . After the Russians retreated, Kotor was united in 1806 with this Kingdom of Italy and then in 1810 with

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3276-465: The post of foreign minister . It is often used as a synonym to the full titles of the ministers of foreign affairs . Likewise, the ministry of foreign affairs in Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas is referred to as the Cancillería or in Portuguese-speaking Brazil as Chancelaria . However, in Spain the term canciller refers to a civil servant in the Spanish diplomatic service responsible for technical issues relating to foreign affairs. As to

3339-418: The roles of head of state, head of government and leader of the ruling party, being officially titled " Führer und Reichskanzler " (literally "Leader and Chancellor"). In Switzerland , the Chancellor (German: Bundeskanzler , French: Chancelier fédéral , Italian: Cancelliere della Confederazione ) is not the political head of government, but rather its chief administrator as the Chief of Staff of

3402-426: The southernmost fjord in Europe, but it is a ria , a submerged river canyon. Together with the nearly overhanging limestone cliffs of Orjen and Lovćen , Kotor and its surrounding area form an impressive landscape. Since the early 2000s Kotor has seen an increase in tourists, many of them coming by cruise ship . Visitors are attracted to the natural environment of the Bay of Kotor and the old town of Kotor. Kotor

3465-404: The staff of the Executive Council, supports the President of the Government and the Executive Council in the performance of their duties, and usually participates as an advisor to the President of the Grand Council in Grand Council sessions. In most countries of Latin America , the equivalents to "chancellor" ( Canciller in Spanish and Chanceler in Portuguese ) are commonly used to refer to

3528-478: The year. Kotor is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Montenegro due to its well-preserved medieval architecture. In 2019, it welcomed over 250,000 tourists. In June 2021, the first and only public aquarium in Montenegro, Aquarium Boka , was opened in Kotor. It is the organizational unit of the Institute for Marine Biology of the University of Montenegro , a unique institution in Montenegro that combines research and education to promote and practice

3591-448: Was apparently not wealthy at first, investing small sums. In 1335, Dživo and Orsat Cerva worked with Džono Giorgi, receiving half the profits and risking 20 percent each of the potential loss. Dživo Bona's brother, Petar (1318–1346), also bought wheat in 1326, 1339, 1340 and 1345. Miho's third brother, Vlaho Kaboga (1322–1366), was sent by the government in June 1361 to Apulia to purchase wheat for his own use (" pro usu domus tue "); he

3654-413: Was founded in 1993, not far from the place where the first play for children in the Balkans was performed in 1829. The 2017/18 festival was awarded the EFFE Label by the EFA (European Festivals Association). Kotor Festival is highly regarded in the local community and has a large volunteer base. Kotor has a large population of cats that have become a symbol of the city. The city has several cat stores and

3717-479: Was married for a second time to Dechussa, daughter of the Venetian Andrea Dulfina. Her mother, Rade, was a citizen of Dubrovnik ; through her, she was related to the Menče, Giorgi and Gundula families. Rade may have been the daughter of Džono Damjan Gondola and Deje Medozi Drago from Kotor ; if so, she had been married to Džono Sorgo. Many of Mihael's descendants died young. Džono Dživo Kaboga (1341–1363) and his wife, dealers in cloth and leather, died in 1363 during

3780-420: Was obligated to remain until March 1362. While he was there, the government sent him several purchase orders. In 1382, after his death, there was a quantity of salt in his basement. During the military operations of the 1380s, Mihail's son Marin (1363–1409) supplied hardtack to the galleys and apparently dealt in oil, cheese and tallow candles ( lojanica ). In 1394, Marin lived in Venice ; his second marriage

3843-426: Was part of Byzantine Dalmatia in that period, and the modern name of Kotor probably originated in the Byzantine name for the city: Dekatera or Dekaderon . In 1002, the city suffered damage under the occupation of the First Bulgarian Empire , and in the following year it was ceded to Duklja by the Bulgarian Tsar Samuil . Duklja, or Dioclea, was a vassal duchy of Byzantium at the time. The local population resisted

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3906-423: Was restored to the Habsburgs by the Congress of Vienna . Until 1918, the town, then known as Cattaro , was head of the district of the same name, one of the 13 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in the Kingdom of Dalmatia . During World War I , Cattaro was one of three main bases of the Austro-Hungarian Navy , the home port of the Austrian Fifth Fleet, consisting of pre-dreadnought battleships and light cruisers, and

3969-548: Was to Margarita Nikole Kaboga (1383–1423), daughter of his second cousin ( drugi bratić , grandfather of Džore Marinov Kaboga). She and Marin had a son, Danijel. Beginning in 1397, Marin was chosen as rector several times. Mihael (Miho) Marin Kaboga (1397–1428) was Marin's son from his first marriage. In 1350 Jure Kaboga received oil valued at 322 perpera from Romaldus de Bari, and in 1356 his son Nikola (1348–1373) delivered Albanian wheat to Džore Jače Giorgi. Several times he had to sue his debtors for large payments. Nikola Jure Kaboga

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