50-509: The Burndy Library was one of the world's largest collections of books on the history of science and technology. It was disestablished in 2006 and its collections transferred to the Huntington Library . Founded in 1941 in Norwalk, Connecticut by the electrical engineer, industrialist, and historian Bern Dibner , the library holdings include important scientific literature from antiquity to
100-516: A shōya (village head). From 2018 to 2023, craftspeople carefully disassembled the house, labeled, cleaned, and repaired each part, reassembled the house in a Japanese warehouse, refitted the house to US building codes, disassembled it again, and reassembled it in California. Curator Robert Hori likened the whole process to building a "giant model airplane." The Huntington's botanical gardens cover 120 acres (49 ha) and showcase plants from around
150-543: A billion dollars raised between 2001 and 2013), the Huntington is among the wealthiest cultural institutions in the United States. It has undertaken major restorations and construction including a $ 60 million education and visitors center opened in 2015. Each year some 1,700 scholars conduct research there, and 600,000 people visit. The library building was designed in 1920 by the southern California architect Myron Hunt in
200-456: A major role in the growth of Southern California . Huntington was born in 1850, in Oneonta, New York , and was the nephew and heir of Collis P. Huntington (1821–1900), one of the famous "Big Four" railroad tycoons of nineteenth century California history . In 1892, Huntington relocated to San Francisco with his first wife, Mary Alice Prentice, and their four children. In 1902, he relocated from
250-719: Is housed in The Huntington Art Gallery, the original Huntington residence. The permanent installation also includes selections from the Arabella D. Huntington Memorial Art Collection, which contains Italian and Northern Renaissance paintings and a spectacular collection of 18th-century French tapestries , porcelain, and furniture. Some of the best known works in the European collection include The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough , Pinkie by Thomas Lawrence , and Madonna and Child by Rogier van der Weyden . Complementing
300-697: Is the only library in the world with the first two quartos of Hamlet ; it holds the manuscript of Benjamin Franklin 's autobiography , Isaac Newton 's personal copy of his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica with annotations in Newton's own hand, the first seven drafts of Henry David Thoreau 's Walden , John James Audubon 's Birds of America , and first editions and manuscripts from authors such as Charles Bukowski , Jack London , Alexander Pope , William Blake , Mark Twain , and William Wordsworth . The library's main exhibition hall showcases some of
350-587: The Japanese Tea Garden at the Golden Gate Park) sold his commercial Japanese tea garden to Henry E. Huntington to create the foundations of what is known today as the Japanese Garden. The garden was completed in 1912 and opened to the public in 1928. According to historian Kendall Brown, the garden consists of three gardens: the original stroll garden with koi -filled ponds and a drum or moon bridge ,
400-575: The Mediterranean Revival style. Hunt's previous commissions for Mr. and Mrs. Huntington included the Huntington's residence in San Marino in 1909, and the Huntington Hotel in 1914. The library contains a substantial collection of rare books and manuscripts, concentrated in the fields of British and American history, literature, art, and the history of science. Spanning from the 11th century to
450-628: The Shakespeare Garden , Subtropical and Jungle Garden, and the Chinese Garden (Liu Fang Yuan 流芳園 or the Garden of Flowing Fragrance). The Rose Hills Foundation Conservatory for Botanical Science has a large tropical plant collection, as well as a carnivorous plants wing. The Huntington has a program to protect and propagate endangered plant species. In 1999, 2002, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, specimens of Amorphophallus titanum , or
500-719: The USC-Huntington Early Modern Studies Institute and the Huntington-USC Institute on California and the West . The Huntington's collections are displayed in permanent installations housed in the Huntington Art Gallery and Virginia Steele Scott Gallery of American Art. Special temporary exhibitions are mounted in the MaryLou and George Boone Gallery, with smaller, focused exhibitions displayed in
550-502: The "Cloud Steps" bridge, opened on March 8, 2014. There were other pavilions, including the "Flowery Brush Studio", and structures completed under phase two. A place to display its large collections of penjing and bonsai has completed. The Desert Garden , one of the world's largest and oldest outdoor collections of cacti and other succulents , contains plants from extreme environments, many of which were acquired by Henry E. Huntington and William Hertrich (the garden curator). One of
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#1732855814652600-517: The 18th and 19th centuries. Generally, the collection's strengths are in the early modern period, and include strong holdings in the history of mathematics , astronomy , and color theory . The "Burndy" appellation was invented by Dibner and represents a portmanteau or blend of his first and last names. The library was originally located at the Burndy Engineering Company in Norwalk , Connecticut. In 1974 Dibner donated one-quarter of
650-461: The 20th century. Highlights of the collection include one of the world's most complete sets of the works of Isaac Newton , including books owned and annotated by Newton, as well as some sixty manuscripts by Newton, multiple books about Leonardo da Vinci , all of Darwin's works, and important manuscript and print materials by Louis Pasteur , a 1544 edition of Archimedes' mathematical text Philosophi ac Geometrae and many important original works from
700-594: The American art collections include Breakfast in Bed by Mary Cassatt , The Long Leg by Edward Hopper , Small Crushed Campbell's Soup Can (Beef Noodle) by Andy Warhol , and Global Loft (Spread) by Robert Rauschenberg . As of 2014, the collection numbers some 12,000 works, ninety percent of them drawings, photographs and prints. In 2014, the library acquired the Millard Sheets mural Southern California landscape (1934),
750-619: The Burndy Library (47,000 rare books and 20,000 reference books), along with several hundred small manuscript collections and a collection of artwork and objects, were transferred to the Huntington Library in San Marino , California as a gift of the Dibner family and the Dibner Fund. The library offers a number of history of science fellowships, a lecture series and an annual conference. It is one of
800-674: The Burndy Library collection remained in Norwalk until after Bern Dibner's death in 1988. It was moved to the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1992 with the establishment of the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology . After residing there for more than a decade, the collection needed to be moved due to the pending demolition of the building which housed it. In November 2006, 67,000 volumes of
850-555: The CPRR attorney from 1865 to 1869, added. Ambrose Bierce lampooned the "Big Four" in his work "Black Beetles in Amber" , a collection of satirical verses attacking various prominent Californians. In "The Birth of the Rail", "road agents" (bandits) Happy Hunty (Huntington), Cowboy Charley (Crocker), and Leland The Kid (Stanford), joined by minor devil Sootymug (Hopkins), give up robbing stage coaches for
900-474: The European collections is the Huntington's American art holdings, a collection of paintings, prints, drawings, sculptures, and photographs dating from the 17th to the mid-20th century. The institution did not begin collecting American art until 1979, when it received a gift of 50 paintings from the Virginia Steele Scott Foundation. Consequently, The Virginia Steele Scott Gallery of American Art
950-565: The Harry Hirao Suiseki Court, where visitors can touch the suiseki or viewing stones. The Huntington Botanical Gardens were honored with a postal stamp as a part of the American Gardens stamps on May 13, 2020. The Desert Garden was featured. The gardens are frequently used as a filming location. Footage shot there has been included in: Footnotes Citations Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad) " The Big Four "
1000-524: The Huntington's most botanically important gardens, the Desert Garden brings together a plant group largely unknown and unappreciated in the beginning of the 1900s. Containing a broad category of xerophytes ( aridity -adapted plants), the Desert Garden grew to preeminence and remains today among the world's finest, with more than 5,000 species. In 1911, art dealer George Turner Marsh (who also created
1050-477: The Huntington's most heavily used collections, and continues to grow and expand through the Huntington's multi-faceted approach to collection use, conservation and management. Huntington Library The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens , known as The Huntington , is a collections-based educational and research institution established by Henry E. Huntington and Arabella Huntington in San Marino, California , United States. In addition to
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#17328558146521100-762: The Michael J. Connell Foundation, corporations and individuals. Both the Federal art-supporting establishment of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities gave emergency grants, the former of $ 17,500 to "support conservation and other related costs resulting from a serious fire at the Gallery of Art", and the latter of $ 30,000 to "support the restoration of several fire-damaged works of art that depict
1150-562: The Works on Paper Room in the Huntington Art Gallery and the Susan and Stephen Chandler Wing of the Scott Galleries. In addition the gallery also hosts different exhibitions of photography throughout the year including those about different social and political subjects. The European collection, consisting largely of 18th- and 19th-century British & French paintings, sculptures and decorative arts,
1200-709: The area quickly became known as Nob Hill , a name it carries today. In Henry T. Williams' The Pacific tourist – Williams' illustrated trans-continental guide of travel, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean published in 1878, the Big Four was replaced by the Five Associates or Representative Men of the Central Pacific Railroad, with Charles Crocker's older brother Judge Edwin B. Crocker (1818–1875), who served as
1250-537: The complete archives of Morris's decorative arts firm Morris & Co. and its predecessor Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. These materials formed the foundation for the 2002 exhibit "William Morris: Creating the Useful and the Beautiful". In 2005, actor Steve Martin gave $ 1 million to the Huntington to support exhibitions and acquisitions of American art, with three-quarters of the money to be spent on exhibitions and
1300-519: The development of roses from ancient to modern times. A Chinese garden , the largest outside of China, was dedicated on February 26, 2008, after artisans from Suzhou, China spent some six months at Huntington to construct the first phase of the newest facility. On 12 acres (4.9 ha) at the northwest corner of the Huntington, the garden features man-made lakes ("Pond of Reflected Greenery" and "Lake of Reflected Fragrance") with pavilions connected by bridges. Unique Chinese names are assigned to many of
1350-487: The dining room wall painting originally painted for homeowners Fred H. and Bessie Ranke in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles. In 1999, the Huntington acquired the collection of materials relating to Arts and Crafts artist and designer William Morris amassed by Sanford and Helen Berger, comprising stained glass, wallpaper, textiles, embroidery, drawings, ceramics, more than 2,000 books, original woodblock prints , and
1400-659: The facilities in the garden, such as the tea house , known as the "Hall of the Jade Camellia". Other pavilions are the "Love for the Lotus Pavilion", "Terrace of the Jade Mirror", and "Pavilion of the Three Friends". The initial phase cost $ 18.3 million to build. The second phase, which includes the "Clear and Transcendent Pavilion", "Lingering Clouds Peak" with a waterfall, Waveless Boat, "Crossing through Fragrance" bridge and
1450-490: The financial and political center of Northern California , San Francisco , to the state's newer southern major metropolis, Los Angeles . In 1903, he purchased the 600-acre "San Marino Ranch" from James DeBarth Shorb Jr (1870–1907) for $ 240,000. He later purchased other large tracts of land in the Pasadena and Los Angeles areas of Los Angeles County for urban and suburban development. He divorced Mary Alice Prentice in 1906. He
1500-426: The late Shapazian. The first purchase from the fund was the painting Global Loft (Spread) (1979) by Robert Rauschenberg . In 2012, the museum acquired its first major work by an African-American artist when it purchased a 22-foot-long carved redwood panel from 1937 by sculptor Sargent Claude Johnson . In October 2023, the museum unveiled a 320-year-old, 3,000 square feet (280 m ) Japanese home once owned by
1550-725: The library holdings to the Smithsonian Institution to form the nucleus of its research library in the history of science and technology. In 1976, the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology opened at the Smithsonian Institution , and it remains part of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries housed at the National Museum of American History , Behring Center in Washington, DC. The remainder of
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1600-522: The library's photographic archive of the Dead Sea Scrolls would be available to all qualified scholars, not just those approved by the international team of editors that had so long limited access to a chosen few. The collection consists of 3,000 photographs of all the original scrolls. Through a partnership with the University of Southern California , the library has established two research centers:
1650-409: The library, the institution houses an extensive art collection with a focus on 18th and 19th century European art and 17th to mid-20th century American art . The property also has approximately 120 acres (49 ha) of specialized botanical landscaped gardens, including the "Japanese Garden", the "Desert Garden", and the "Chinese Garden". As a landowner, Henry Edwards Huntington (1850–1927) played
1700-480: The middle and late 1860s. Composed of Leland Stanford (1824–1893), Collis Potter Huntington (1821–1900), Mark Hopkins Jr. (1813–1878), and Charles Crocker (1822–1888), the four themselves, however, personally preferred to be known as " The Associates ." They enriched themselves using tax money and land grants , while heavily influencing the state legislature from within the Republican Party (Stanford
1750-515: The most outstanding rare books and manuscripts in the collection, while the West Hall of the library hosts rotating exhibitions. The Dibner Hall of the History of Science is a permanent exhibition on the history of science with a focus on astronomy, natural history, medicine, and light. With the 2006 acquisition of the Burndy Library , a collection of nearly 60,000 items, the Huntington became one of
1800-541: The odiferous "corpse flower", bloomed at the facility. There were a total of fourteen corpse flowers bloomed at Huntington since 1999. Three flowers opened in July 2021. The Camellia Collection, recognized as an International Camellia Garden of Excellence, includes nearly eighty different camellia species and some 1,200 cultivated varieties, many of them rare and historic. The Rose Garden contains approximately 1,200 cultivars (4,000 individual plants) arranged historically to trace
1850-528: The present, the library's holdings contain 7 million manuscript items, over 400,000 rare books, and over a million photographs, prints, and other ephemera . Highlights include one of eleven vellum copies of the Gutenberg Bible known to exist, the Ellesmere manuscript of Chaucer (ca. 1410), and letters and manuscripts by George Washington , Thomas Jefferson , Benjamin Franklin , and Abraham Lincoln . It
1900-662: The raked-gravel dry garden added in 1968, and the traditionally landscaped tea garden. In addition, the gardens feature a large bell, the authentic ceremonial teahouse Seifu-an (the Arbor of Pure Breeze), a fully furnished Japanese house, the Zen Garden, and the bonsai collections with hundreds of trees. The Bonsai Courts at the Huntington is the home of the Golden State Bonsai Federation Southern Collection. Another ancient Japanese art form can be found at
1950-413: The required form(s) of identification at orientation. Through a rigorous peer-review program, the institution awards approximately 150 grants to scholars in the fields of history, literature, art, and the history of science, medicine, and technology. The Huntington also hosts numerous scholarly events, lectures, conferences, and workshops. In September 1991, then-director William A. Moffett announced that
2000-462: The rest on purchases of artworks. In 2009, Andy Warhol 's painting Small Crushed Campbell's Soup Can (Beef Noodle) (1962) as well as group of the artist's Brillo Boxes were donated by the estate of Robert Shapazian, the founding director of Gagosian Gallery in Beverly Hills. In 2011, a $ 1.75 million acquisition fund for post-1945 American art was established by unidentified patrons in honor of
2050-429: The story of Western culture." On September 5, 2019, The Huntington kicked off a year-long celebration of its centennial year with exhibitions, special programs, initiatives, a special Huntington 100th rose, and a float in the 2020 Rose Parade in nearby Pasadena, California . The executive leaders of The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens are: With an endowment of more than $ 400 million (and half
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2100-479: The top institutions in the world for the study of the history of science and technology . On December 14, 2022, the library announced they had acquired the archive of American author Thomas Pynchon . Researchers over age 18 may use the Library's reading rooms to consult the collection upon establishing a research need that requires the use of The Huntington's collections, identifying specific materials, and presenting
2150-490: The world. Huntington worked to make them thrive in the generous California climate. Today his many projects of horticulture live on, providing opportunities for botanical research and for enjoyment. The gardens are divided into more than a dozen themes, including the Australian Garden, Camellia Collection, Children's Garden, Desert Garden , Herb Garden, Japanese Garden , Lily Ponds, North Vista, Palm Garden, Rose Garden ,
2200-426: Was called the "maker of San Francisco" for his work in clearing land for development. He was invited to be a part of the "Big Four" but declined due to the financial risks . Over his lifetime he gained and lost several fortunes. In their time, the four men were sometimes referred to as nabobs or "nobs," a reference to their wealth and influence. When the four built mansions in the same neighborhood of San Francisco,
2250-558: Was established in 1984. In 2009, the Virginia Steele Scott Galleries were expanded, refurbished, and reinstalled. The new showcase, a $ 1.6 million project designed to give the Huntington's growing American art collection more space and visibility, combines the original, 1984 American gallery with the Lois and Robert F. Erburu Gallery, a modern classical addition designed by Los Angeles architect Frederick Fisher . Highlights among
2300-637: Was governor of California when the first of the Pacific Railroad Acts was passed.), and through monopolizing tactics. Contemporary critics claimed they were the greatest swindlers in U.S. history. Collectively, the four established the Sacramento Library Association for the state capital in Sacramento, California in 1857, which later established the present Sacramento Public Library . David Hewes , an enterprising businessman,
2350-403: Was influenced in large part by Arabella, and with art experts to guide him, he benefited from a post- World War I European market that was "ready to sell almost anything". Before his death in 1927, Huntington amassed "far and away the greatest group of eighteenth-century British portraits ever assembled by any one man". In accordance with Huntington's will, the collection, then worth $ 50 million,
2400-968: Was one of the founders of the City of San Marino which was incorporated on April 25, 1913. On July 16, 1913, he married his uncle's widow, Arabella Huntington (1851–1924). As president of the Pacific Electric Railway Company , the regional streetcar and public transit system for the Los Angeles metropolitan area and southern California and also of the Los Angeles Railway Company , (later the Southern California Railway ), he spearheaded urban and regional transportation efforts to link together far-flung communities, supporting growth of those communities as well as promoting commerce, recreation and tourism. Huntington's interest in art
2450-623: Was opened to the public in 1928. On October 17, 1985, a fire erupted in an elevator shaft of the Huntington Art Gallery and destroyed Sir Joshua Reynolds 's 1777 portrait of Mrs. Edwin Lascelles . After a year-long, $ 1 million refurbishing project, the Huntington Gallery reopened in 1986, with its artworks cleaned of soot and stains. Most of the funds for the cleanup and refurbishing of the Georgian mansion and its artworks came from donations from
2500-716: Was the name popularly given to the famous and influential businessmen, and railroad tycoons — also called robber barons — who funded the Central Pacific Railroad (C.P.R.R.), which formed the western portion through the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains of the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States, built from the mid-continent at the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean during
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