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23-478: The original survey of Township number 7 in Range 2 West in the province of Manitoba was conducted by J. Doupe in 1871 and completed by J.A. Snow in 1872, who stated that the area contained level prairie with many marshes. The survey of Township number 7 Range 1 West took slightly longer. It commenced in 1871 with surveyors M. Hart, J. Doupe, and J.A. Snow in 1872 and completed in 1886 by R.C. McPhillips. These men recorded

46-453: A "coalition Reformer". Macdonald wanted Liberal Senators William McMaster and Aikins to join Hincks in the ministry, to further broaden its appeal with the electorate; McMaster declined, but suggested that Aikins accept the offer and represent Liberal interests inside the government. Aikins was agreeable to his suggestion, and became a Minister without Portfolio on November 16. On December 8, he

69-553: A mowing machine can work well upon it. The richness of no better soil can be imagined If a channel was cut for the water of the Riviere-aux Glets de Boin where it enters the marsh to the Scratching River, these lands would be sufficiently dry for all purposes. In the south-west angle of this township, there is one block about eight square miles of beautiful high rolling prairie with an excellent sandy loam soil. This township

92-780: A new alliance with the Conservatives, while the Clear Grits formed a "left opposition" and attempted to reconstruct the Reform Party on their terms. Aikins was a minor figure in the Grit parliamentary ranks for the next three years but was nevertheless re-elected in 1857, with 2007 votes against 915 for his Conservative opponent. The Conservative-led alliance remained in power during these years, and Aikins remained in opposition. Between 1856 and 1861, there were numerous debates in Peel County concerning

115-456: A planned division of the riding, and the location of its new county seat. Local differences weakened the reformist cause, and Aikins was narrowly defeated by Conservative John Hillyard Cameron in the election of 1861. In 1862, Aikins was elected to an eight-year term in the Province of Canada's Legislative Council , an upper house with both appointed and elected members. Running as a Liberal in

138-447: Is entirely destitute of wood." 49°35′31″N 97°34′30″W  /  49.592°N 97.575°W  / 49.592; -97.575 James Cox Aikins James Cox Aikins , PC (March 30, 1823 – August 6, 1904) was a Canadian politician in the 19th century. He twice served as a cabinet minister in the government of John A. Macdonald , and was the fourth Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba from 1882 to 1888. Aikins

161-457: The Home division, he defeated his sole opponent by 2934 votes to 1559. Aikins played only a minor role in the parliamentary debates on Canadian confederation , which he supported in principle despite concerns about the legislative means which John A. Macdonald was using to move the policy forward. After Confederation was approved, Aikins attempted to introduce legislation for an elected senate , but

184-564: The Province of Canada , which consisted of the former provinces of Lower Canada , then known as Canada East and later the province of Quebec , and Upper Canada , then known as Canada West and later the province of Ontario . It was created by The Union Act of 1840. With the lower house , the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada , the two houses constituted the Parliament of

207-742: The Conservative ranks, he remained a Senator until his death in 1904. He is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto . James Cox Aikins married Mary Elizabeth Jane Somerset on June 5, 1845. She was the only daughter of John Somerset, Esquire, of Toronto. She was a founder and the first president of the Women's Hospital Aid Society of Winnipeg, Manitoba . She was a founder of the Christian Woman's Union of Winnipeg. The couple had three sons and two daughters. Mary Elizabeth Jane died May 25, 1899. One of

230-633: The Province of Canada. The first session of parliament began in Kingston in Canada West in 1841. It succeeded the Legislative Council of Lower Canada and Legislative Council of Upper Canada . The 24 legislative councillors were originally appointed for life. In 1854, the British Parliament authorized their election, and implementing legislation was passed by the Province of Canada in 1856. It

253-619: The Senate on May 30, and was sworn into his new position on December 2. Aikins arrived in Manitoba during a period of discord between the provincial and federal governments; Macdonald had recently disallowed Premier John Norquay 's railway legislation, and an opposition movement was forming around Thomas Greenway . Aikins was under orders from Macdonald to ensure that provincial legislation reflected national policies, but his awkward relationship with Norquay made his task difficult. Aikins presided over

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276-561: The area as being open prairie with occasional low spots. In John Snow's own word written in December 1872 to the Honourable J.C. Aikins , Secretary of State for Canada: "I have the honour to report the completion of the Survey of Township No. 7 in Range 2 West of the Province of Manitoba in accordance with my contract. About two-thirds of this township is occupied by the great hay marsh, over which

299-450: The couple's sons, also named James , served as Lt. Governor of Manitoba in the early 20th century. There are James Cox Aikins fonds at Library and Archives Canada and the Archives of Manitoba . Legislative Council of the Province of Canada The Legislative Council of the Province of Canada ( French : Conseil législatif de la province du Canada ) was the upper house for

322-536: The present day) the same 24 divisions for Quebec as had been used for Canada East by the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada prior to Confederation. † = died in office ‡ = elected in byelection # = resigned from office ↑ = elected by acclamation ↓ = unseated The Speaker was the presiding officer of the Legislative Council, and was appointed by the Queen-in-Council. He was styled "The Honourable,

345-461: The transfer of power from Norquay to Greenway in 1887-88, but his own involvement in Manitoba politics was fairly limited. Initially a very powerful office, the position of Lieutenant Governor in Manitoba was largely ceremonial by this time and more so under his predecessor Cauchon. Aikins's term in office ended on July 1, 1888, though he was not re-appointed to the Senate until January 7, 1896 again representing (Ontario) . By now fully integrated into

368-415: The waters of Riviere-aux Glets de Boin must pass in spring to reach the Scratching River which may be said to have risen in this township. I saw but few spots which were not solid prairie soil and experienced no difficulty in driving oxen with heavy loads in every direction over the marsh. It provides a fine clean growth of grass from two to five feet in height at full growth and the surface is so smooth that

391-476: The western provinces. Aikins's support for temperance was an embarrassment for the Macdonald government, which received considerable financial support from liquor interests. On May 22, 1882, Aikins was persuaded to resign from cabinet and the Senate, and to accept an appointment as Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (with the promise of being re-appointed to the Senate after his term ended). He formally resigned from

414-514: Was again appointed Secretary of State for Canada as the ministry's sole "coalition Reformer" (the group was by this time a minor political force in Canada). On November 8, 1880, Aikins was promoted to the Ministry of Inland Revenue . In this capacity, he oversaw various applications for government postings; he had little direct control over patronage in central Canada, but was a more powerful figure as regards

437-460: Was appointed Secretary of State for Canada , and would continue to hold this position until the defeat of the Macdonald government on November 5, 1873. He also served as acting Secretary of State for the Provinces and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs for one month in 1873, following the resignation of Joseph Howe . When Macdonald's Conservatives were returned to government in 1878, Aikins

460-701: Was born in Toronto Township , Upper Canada (now Mississauga, Ontario ). His father had previously converted to Methodism , and the young Aikins was educated at the Methodist-run Upper Canada Academy in Cobourg from 1840 to 1845. Upon graduation, he acquired land near Toronto and worked as a farmer. Aikins was offered the Reform (i.e., Liberal) nomination for York West in the 1851 Canadian parliamentary election , but declined. Three years later, he

483-403: Was elected to the Province of Canada 's legislature for the newly formed riding of Peel as a Clear Grit (i.e., radical reformer). Cox defeated Conservative G. Wright by 865 votes to 810. The Clear Grit faction in parliament had previously been aligned with Francis Hincks 's governing Reformers, but this alliance ended after the 1854 election. Most of Hincks's supporters subsequently formed

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506-420: Was provided that: The British North America Act, 1867 divided the Province of Canada into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, each with representation in the unelected Senate of Canada . As a province, Ontario never created a Legislative Council; however, Quebec had its own Legislative Council until 1968. Both the provincial and federal upper houses used (and, in the case of the Senate, continues to use to

529-723: Was ruled out-of-order by the Council's speaker. Along with other members of the Legislative Council, he was appointed to the (unelected) Canadian Senate upon its creation in May 1867. Representing the (Ontario) Senate Division . In 1868, Aikins was offered a cabinet position in Prime Minister John A. Macdonald 's Liberal-Conservative government, but turned it down for fear of dividing the Liberal Party. In 1869, Francis Hincks returned to Canadian political life by joining Macdonald's government as

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