88-636: Bressingham Steam & Gardens is a steam museum and gardens located at Bressingham (adjacent to a garden centre), west of Diss in Norfolk , England. The site has several narrow gauge rail lines and a number of types of steam engines and vehicles in its collection and is also the home of a Dad's Army exhibition. The gardens were established by Alan Bloom MBE at Bressingham Hall. He moved to Bressingham in 1946, after selling his previous 36-acre (15 ha) site at Oakington in Cambridgeshire to raise
176-565: A 7.25" Stafford steam locomotive, built by Station Road Steam, which was funded by the Young Steamers club at the Museum. The Young Steamers and this track has lain unused for a number of years. This 10 + 1 ⁄ 4 in ( 260 mm ) gauge miniature railway runs through the Dell Garden, giving passengers clear views of the flower beds. The journey begins in a terminus station within
264-453: A contractor when necessary. The cultural property stored in museums is threatened in many countries by natural disaster , war , terrorist attacks or other emergencies. To this end, an internationally important aspect is a strong bundling of existing resources and the networking of existing specialist competencies in order to prevent any loss or damage to cultural property or to keep damage as low as possible. International partner for museums
352-464: A culture. As historian Steven Conn writes, "To see the thing itself, with one's own eyes and in a public place, surrounded by other people having some version of the same experience, can be enchanting." Museum purposes vary from institution to institution. Some favor education over conservation, or vice versa. For example, in the 1970s, the Canada Science and Technology Museum favored education over
440-685: A full-time director to whom authority is delegated for day-to-day operations; Have the financial resources sufficient to operate effectively; Demonstrate that it meets the Core Standards for Museums; Successfully complete the Core Documents Verification Program". Additionally, there is a legal definition of museum in United States legislation authorizing the establishment of the Institute of Museum and Library Services : "Museum means
528-473: A home at Bressingham. They are currently powered by electricity, but were previously steam-powered. The engine used, "Victoria", was originally built by Tidmans of Norwich. The organ – a Bruder-built, 48 keyless Chiappa – which was built from two organs in 1954, accompanies the Gallopers. There exists a short loop of dual gauge, 5" and 7.25", track complete with turntable and locomotive shed. This along with
616-427: A much wider range of objects than a library , and usually focus on a specific theme, such as the arts , science , natural history or local history . Public museums that host exhibitions and interactive demonstrations are often tourist attractions , and many attract large numbers of visitors from outside their host country, with the most visited museums in the world attracting millions of visitors annually. Since
704-459: A museum and on display, they not only got to show their fantastic finds but also used the museum as a way to sort and "manage the empirical explosion of materials that wider dissemination of ancient texts, increased travel, voyages of discovery, and more systematic forms of communication and exchange had produced". One of these naturalists and collectors was Ulisse Aldrovandi , whose collection policy of gathering as many objects and facts about them
792-550: A museum is successful, as happened in Bilbao, others continue especially if a museum struggles to attract visitors. The Taubman Museum of Art is an example of an expensive museum (eventually $ 66 million) that attained little success and continues to have a low endowment for its size. Some museum activists see this method of museum use as a deeply flawed model for such institutions. Steven Conn, one such museum proponent, believes that "to ask museums to solve our political and economic problems
880-402: A museum's collection typically determines the museum's size, whereas its collection reflects the type of museum it is. Many museums normally display a "permanent collection" of important selected objects in its area of specialization, and may periodically display "special collections" on a temporary basis. The following is a list to give an idea of the major museum types. While comprehensive, it
968-509: A notable person, or a given period of time. Museums also can be based on the main source of funding: central or federal government, provinces, regions, universities; towns and communities; other subsidised; nonsubsidised and private. It may sometimes be useful to distinguish between diachronic museums which interpret the way its subject matter has developed and evolved through time (e.g., Lower East Side Tenement Museum and Diachronic Museum of Larissa ), and synchronic museums which interpret
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#17328593931481056-503: A palace of Henry VIII , in England opened the council room to the general public to create an interactive environment for visitors. Rather than allowing visitors to handle 500-year-old objects, however, the museum created replicas, as well as replica costumes. The daily activities, historic clothing, and even temperature changes immerse the visitor in an impression of what Tudor life may have been. Major professional organizations from around
1144-407: A public, tribal, or private nonprofit institution which is organized on a permanent basis for essentially educational, cultural heritage, or aesthetic purposes and which, using a professional staff: Owns or uses tangible objects, either animate or inanimate; Cares for these objects; and Exhibits them to the general public on a regular basis" (Museum Services Act 1976). One of the oldest museums known
1232-586: A reconstruction of the High Street in the fictional Walmington-on-Sea beside the butcher's shop of Lance-Corporal Jones , Private Frazer 's undertaker's shop and Captain Mainwaring 's bank office. The vehicles include Jones' van and the dust cart from the 1971 film , Mainwaring's Austin 8 staff car used in the episode The Making of Private Pike , the vintage fire engine used in Brain Versus Brawn and
1320-894: A series of standards and best practices that help guide the management of museums. Various positions within the museum carry out the policies established by the Board and the Director. All museum employees should work together toward the museum's institutional goal. Here is a list of positions commonly found at museums: Other positions commonly found at museums include: building operator, public programming staff, photographer , librarian , archivist , groundskeeper , volunteer coordinator, preparator, security staff, development officer, membership officer, business officer, gift shop manager, public relations staff, and graphic designer . At smaller museums, staff members often fulfill multiple roles. Some of these positions are excluded entirely or may be carried out by
1408-556: Is Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum , built by Princess Ennigaldi in modern Iraq at the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire . The site dates from c. 530 BC , and contained artifacts from earlier Mesopotamian civilizations . Notably, a clay drum label—written in three languages—was found at the site, referencing the history and discovery of a museum item. Ancient Greeks and Romans collected and displayed art and objects but perceived museums differently from modern-day views. In
1496-747: Is UNESCO and Blue Shield International in accordance with the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property from 1954 and its 2nd Protocol from 1999. For legal reasons, there are many international collaborations between museums, and the local Blue Shield organizations. Blue Shield has conducted extensive missions to protect museums and cultural assets in armed conflict, such as 2011 in Egypt and Libya, 2013 in Syria and 2014 in Mali and Iraq. During these operations,
1584-549: Is believed to be one of the earliest museums in the world. While it connected to the Library of Alexandria it is not clear if the museum was in a different building from the library or was part of the library complex. While little was known about the museum it was an inspiration for museums during the early Renaissance period. The royal palaces also functioned as a kind of museum outfitted with art and objects from conquered territories and gifts from ambassadors from other kingdoms allowing
1672-448: Is no longer a main purpose of most museums. While there is an ongoing debate about the purposes of interpretation of a museum's collection, there has been a consistent mission to protect and preserve cultural artifacts for future generations. Much care, expertise, and expense is invested in preservation efforts to retard decomposition in ageing documents, artifacts, artworks, and buildings. All museums display objects that are important to
1760-497: Is no requirement for a signalman. The coloured light aspect signal protecting the platform is interlocked with the lie of the points being set for the platform road and the turntable also being set to the platform road. There are two railway lines which take visitors around the gardens: The Fen Railway (formerly the Nursery Railway) is a 1 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ( 597 mm ) narrow gauge railway . It
1848-404: Is not a definitive list. Private museums are organized by individuals and managed by a board and museum officers, but public museums are created and managed by federal, state, or local governments. A government can charter a museum through legislative action but the museum can still be private as it is not part of the government. The distinction regulates the ownership and legal accountability for
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#17328593931481936-438: Is not necessarily a negative development; Dorothy Canfield Fisher observed that the reduction in objects has pushed museums to grow from institutions that artlessly showcased their many artifacts (in the style of early cabinets of curiosity) to instead "thinning out" the objects presented "for a general view of any given subject or period, and to put the rest away in archive-storage-rooms, where they could be consulted by students,
2024-616: Is particularly true in the case of postindustrial cities. Examples of museums fulfilling these economic roles exist around the world. For example, the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao was built in Bilbao, Spain in a move by the Basque regional government to revitalize the dilapidated old port area of that city. The Basque government agreed to pay $ 100 million for the construction of the museum, a price tag that caused many Bilbaoans to protest against
2112-567: Is still largely in charge of the Bressingham Gardens, which are not part of the charity but are privately owned by the Bloom family business. The Dell Garden is curated by Alan Bloom's son-in-law, Jaime Blake. Much of the site is given over to commercial horticulture. The nurseries are not open to the public, but there is a garden centre on the site, which is independent from the Steam Museum and
2200-417: Is to set them up for inevitable failure and to set us (the visitor) up for inevitable disappointment." Museums are facing funding shortages. Funding for museums comes from four major categories, and as of 2009 the breakdown for the United States is as follows: Government support (at all levels) 24.4%, private (charitable) giving 36.5%, earned income 27.6%, and investment income 11.5%. Government funding from
2288-508: The Age of Enlightenment saw their ideas of the museum as superior and based their natural history museums on "organization and taxonomy" rather than displaying everything in any order after the style of Aldrovandi. The first "public" museums were often accessible only for the middle and upper classes. It could be difficult to gain entrance. When the British Museum opened to the public in 1759, it
2376-458: The American Alliance of Museums does not have such a definition, their list of accreditation criteria to participate in their Accreditation Program states a museum must: "Be a legally organized nonprofit institution or part of a nonprofit organization or government entity; Be essentially educational in nature; Have a formally stated and approved mission; Use and interpret objects or a site for
2464-641: The Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον ( mouseion ), which denotes a place or temple dedicated to the muses (the patron divinities in Greek mythology of the arts), and hence was a building set apart for study and the arts, especially the Musaeum (institute) for philosophy and research at Alexandria , built under Ptolemy I Soter about 280 BC. The purpose of modern museums is to collect, preserve, interpret, and display objects of artistic, cultural, or scientific significance for
2552-526: The National Endowment for the Arts , the largest museum funder in the United States, decreased by 19.586 million between 2011 and 2015, adjusted for inflation. The average spent per visitor in an art museum in 2016 was $ 8 between admissions, store and restaurant, where the average expense per visitor was $ 55. Corporations , which fall into the private giving category, can be a good source of funding to make up
2640-610: The Newark Museum in a series of books in the early 20th century so that other museum founders could plan their museums. Dana suggested that potential founders of museums should form a committee first, and reach out to the community for input as to what the museum should supply or do for the community. According to Dana, museums should be planned according to community's needs: "The new museum ... does not build on an educational superstition. It examines its community's life first, and then straightway bends its energies to supplying some
2728-472: The Smithsonian Institution stated that he wanted to establish an institution "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". In the late 19th century, museums of natural history exemplified the scientific drive for classifying life and interpreting the world. Their purpose was to gather examples from each field of knowledge for research and display. Concurrently, as American colleges expanded during
Bressingham Steam and Gardens - Misplaced Pages Continue
2816-607: The Titanic Belfast , built on disused shipyards in Belfast , Northern Ireland , incidentally for the same price as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and by the same architect, Frank Gehry , in time for the 100th anniversary of Titanic 's maiden voyage in 2012. Initially expecting modest visitor numbers of 425,000 annually, first year visitor numbers reached over 800,000, with almost 60% coming from outside Northern Ireland. In
2904-654: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. uses many artifacts in their memorable exhibitions. Museums are laid out in a specific way for a specific reason and each person who enters the doors of a museum will see its collection completely differently to the person behind them- this is what makes museums fascinating because they are represented differently to each individual. In recent years, some cities have turned to museums as an avenue for economic development or rejuvenation. This
2992-834: The interpretive plan for an exhibit, determining the most effective, engaging and appropriate methods of communicating a message or telling a story. The process will often mirror the architectural process or schedule, moving from conceptual plan, through schematic design, design development, contract document, fabrication, and installation. Museums of all sizes may also contract the outside services of exhibit fabrication businesses. Some museum scholars have even begun to question whether museums truly need artifacts at all. Historian Steven Conn provocatively asks this question, suggesting that there are fewer objects in all museums now, as they have been progressively replaced by interactive technology. As educational programming has grown in museums, mass collections of objects have receded in importance. This
3080-495: The 1860s. The British Museum was described by one of their delegates as a 'hakubutsukan', a 'house of extensive things' – this would eventually become accepted as the equivalent word for 'museum' in Japan and China. American museums eventually joined European museums as the world's leading centers for the production of new knowledge in their fields of interest. A period of intense museum building, in both an intellectual and physical sense
3168-510: The 19th century, they also developed their own natural history collections to support the education of their students. By the last quarter of the 19th century, scientific research in universities was shifting toward biological research on a cellular level, and cutting-edge research moved from museums to university laboratories. While many large museums, such as the Smithsonian Institution, are still respected as research centers, research
3256-543: The Bloom Nurseries and Gardens. Bressingham Steam Museum is an independent charitable trust . Alan Bloom had wanted to create his own trust in 1967, to ensure that the collection would not be dispersed to pay for death duties, but the laws of the time made this difficult and after five years of negotiation, the museum was close to being handed over to the Transport Trust. However, the legislation governing private museums
3344-652: The British Museum for its possession of rare antiquities from Egypt, Greece, and the Middle East. The roles associated with the management of a museum largely depend on the size of the institution. Together, the Board and the Director establish a system of governance that is guided by policies that set standards for the institution. Documents that set these standards include an institutional or strategic plan, institutional code of ethics, bylaws, and collections policy. The American Alliance of Museums (AAM) has also formulated
3432-9389: The Flower Farmer and Phoenix & Holly Railroad" . Flowerfamrer.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Pint-Sized Pufferbelly" . Archived from the original on 2019-03-27 . Retrieved 2020-05-18 . ^ "Redwood Valley Railway" . Redwoodvalleyrailway.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "TrainTown Website" . Traintown.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Sullivan Railroad in Horseheads NY - Trains Magazine - Trains News Wire, Railroad News, Railroad Industry News, Web Cams, and Forms" . ^ "waterman & western railroad - Home" . Petestrain.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . v t e Track gauge ( list ) Minimum-gauge Minimum-gauge railways 15 in ( 381 mm ) 400 mm ( 15 + 3 ⁄ 4 in ) 16 in ( 406 mm ) 18 in ( 457 mm ) 19 in ( 483 mm ) 500 mm ( 19 + 3 ⁄ 4 in ) 20 in ( 508 mm ) 21 in ( 533 mm ) 1 ft 10 in ( 559 mm ) Narrow gauge 2 foot and 600 mm 2 ft 3 in ( 686 mm ) 750 mm ( 2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) 760 mm ( 2 ft 5 + 15 ⁄ 16 in ) 2 ft 6 in ( 762 mm ) 800 mm ( 2 ft 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) 891 mm ( 2 ft 11 + 3 ⁄ 32 in ) Swedish three foot 900 mm ( 2 ft 11 + 7 ⁄ 16 in ) 3 ft ( 914 mm ) 950 mm ( 3 ft 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) Italian metre gauge 1,000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) metre gauge 1,050 mm ( 3 ft 5 + 11 ⁄ 32 in ), 1,055 mm ( 3 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ), 3 ft 6 in ( 1,067 mm ) 1,093 mm ( 3 ft 7 in ), 1,100 mm ( 3 ft 7 + 5 ⁄ 16 in ), 1,200 mm ( 3 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 4 in ) 4 ft ( 1,219 mm ) 4 ft 1 in ( 1,245 mm ), Middleton Railway 4 ft 6 in ( 1,372 mm ), Scotch gauge 4 ft 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ( 1,384 mm ), Scotch gauge 4 ft 7 + 3 ⁄ 4 in ( 1,416 mm ) 4 ft 8 in ( 1,422 mm ), almost standard gauge 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 4 in ( 1,429 mm ) 1,432 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) Standard gauge 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in / 1,435 mm , Stephenson gauge Broad gauge 1,440 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 11 ⁄ 16 in ) 1,445 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 7 ⁄ 8 in ) 1,450 mm ( 4 ft 9 + 3 ⁄ 32 in ) 4 ft 9 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ( 1,457 mm ) 1,458 mm ( 4 ft 9 + 13 ⁄ 32 in ) 4 ft 10 + 7 ⁄ 8 in ( 1,495 mm ), Toronto gauge 5 ft / 1,524 mm and 1,520 mm ( 4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in ), Russian gauge. 5 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in / 1,581 mm and 5 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in / 1,588 mm , Pennsylvania gauge 5 ft 3 in ( 1,600 mm ), Irish gauge 5 ft 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ( 1,638 mm ), Baltimore gauge 1,668 mm ( 5 ft 5 + 21 ⁄ 32 in ), Iberian gauge 5 ft 6 in ( 1,676 mm ), Indian gauge 1,945 mm ( 6 ft 4 + 9 ⁄ 16 in ), De Arend 7 ft 1 ⁄ 4 in ( 2,140 mm ), Brunel gauge 3,000 mm ( 9 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 8 in ), Breitspurbahn 8,200 mm ( 26 ft 10 + 27 ⁄ 32 in ), Lärchwandschrägaufzug 9,000 mm ( 29 ft 6 + 5 ⁄ 16 in ), Krasnoyarsk ship lift List of track gauge articles List of track gauges List of tram track gauges Miniature railways Minimum-gauge railways Large amusement railways Gauge differences Bogie exchange Break of gauge Dual gauge Gauge conversion list Variable gauge Transport mode Tram and light rail Rapid transit Miniature Scale model Categories by country by imperial units by metric units by name lists of track gauges v t e Railways and tramways of 15-inch (381 mm) gauge Asia Bal Bahran Park (Delhi, India) Sakuradani (Japan) Shuzenji Romney (Japan) Europe Anse (France) Donaupark (Austria) Dresdner Park (Germany) Killesberg Park (Germany) Park Auensee (Germany) Prater Park (Austria) United King- dom Alton Towers (defunct) Bellevue Park Blackpool Zoo Blenheim Park Bure Valley Cleethorpes Coast Conwy Valley Combe Martin Wildlife Park Craigtoun Duffield Bank Eaton Hall Evesham Vale Gulliver's Land Gulliver's World Haigh Country Park Heatherslaw Knowsley Safari Park Lakeside (Southport) Lappa Valley Lightwater Valley Liverpool Garden Festival Longleat Markeaton Park (defunct) Marwell Zoo (defunct) Oakwood Park Paradise Park Paultons Park Perrygrove Ravenglass & Eskdale Rhiw Valley Rhyl Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Saltburn Sand and Hutton Sherwood Forest Waveney Valley Whistlestop Valley Windmill Farm Wotton North America Bear Creek Park (Canada) Pindal Electric (Canada) Springbank Express (Canada) United States American Heritage B.A.D. Great Northern Gage Park Glenwood South Park Hillcrest & Wahtoke Joshua Tree & Southern GSD Laurel Run Little Toot Look Park Milwaukee County Zoo Safari Nickel Plate Northwest Ohio Orland, Newville and Pacific Paradise and Pacific Phoenix & Holly Redwood Valley Riverside and Great Northern Riverview & Twin Lakes Sonoma TrainTown Tiny Town Waterman & Western Oceania Bush Mill (Australia) Driving Creek (New Zealand) Whangaparaoa (New Zealand) Arlesdale (fictional) · Fairbourne (now re-gauged) · Far Tottering and Oyster Creek (temporary exhibition line) v t e Rail infrastructure Tracks (history) Axe ties Ballast Baulk road Breather switch Cant Clip and scotch Date nail Fastening system Fishplate Ladder track Minimum radius Profile Tie/Sleeper Transition curve Trackwork Balloon loop Classification yard Headshunt Pocket track Junction Gauntlet track Guide bar Passing loop Track gauge dual gauge Rail track tramway track Rail yard Railway electrification overhead lines third rail ground-level power supply Railway turntable Transfer table (traverser) Roll way Siding refuge siding Switch Track geometry Water crane Water trough Wye Signalling and safety Anti-trespass panels Block post Buffer stop Catch points Defect detector Derailer Guard rail Interlocking Level crossing Loading gauge Platform screen doors Railway signal Signalling control Structure gauge Signal bridge Tell-tale Train stop Wayside horn Structures Coaling tower Motive power depot / Railway workshop Platform Roundhouse Shed for trains for goods Station building clock ghost list Water stop Types Industrial Military Private station list Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fifteen-inch_gauge_railway&oldid=1227200193 " Categories : 15 in gauge railways Minimum gauge railways Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
3520-684: The United States, several Native American tribes and advocacy groups have lobbied extensively for the repatriation of sacred objects and the reburial of human remains. In 1990, Congress passed the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), which required federal agencies and federally funded institutions to repatriate Native American "cultural items" to culturally affiliate tribes and groups. Similarly, many European museum collections often contain objects and cultural artifacts acquired through imperialism and colonization . Some historians and scholars have criticized
3608-532: The United States, similar projects include the 81,000 square foot Taubman Museum of Art in Roanoke, Virginia and The Broad in Los Angeles . Museums being used as a cultural economic driver by city and local governments has proven to be controversial among museum activists and local populations alike. Public protests have occurred in numerous cities which have tried to employ museums in this way. While most subside if
Bressingham Steam and Gardens - Misplaced Pages Continue
3696-404: The capital for the 220 acres (89 ha) in Norfolk , where he hoped to be both a farmer and a nurseryman. He was a plant expert of international renown, particularly in the field of hardy perennials . He laid out the Dell Garden at Bressingham, with its well-known island beds. His son, Adrian Bloom, laid out five additional gardens for year-round interest, starting with Foggy Bottom in 1963. He
3784-3208: The care of the collections. Fifteen-inch gauge railway Railway track gauge (381 mm) [REDACTED] Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway [REDACTED] Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway [REDACTED] One of the Chemin de fer Touristique d'Anse 's X131 when passing through the hills Track gauge By transport mode Rapid transit Tram Miniature Scale model By size ( list ) [REDACTED] Minimum Fifteen inch 381 mm (15 in) Narrow 600 mm 600 mm (1 ft 11 + 5 ⁄ 8 in) Two foot 610 mm (2 ft) Two foot three inch 686 mm (2 ft 3 in) 750 mm 750 mm (2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Bosnian gauge 760 mm (2 ft 5 + 15 ⁄ 16 in) Two foot six inch 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) Swedish three foot 891 mm (2 ft 11 + 3 ⁄ 32 in) 900 mm 900 mm (2 ft 11 + 7 ⁄ 16 in) Three foot 914 mm (3 ft) Italian metre 950 mm (3 ft 1 + 13 ⁄ 32 in) Metre 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) Three foot six inch 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Four foot 1,219 mm (4 ft) Four foot six inch 1,372 mm (4 ft 6 in) 1432 mm 1,432 mm (4 ft 8 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) Standard 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Broad Italian broad gauge 1,445 mm (4 ft 8 + 7 ⁄ 8 in) Dresden gauge 1,450 mm (4 ft 9 + 3 ⁄ 32 in) Leipzig gauge 1,458 mm (4 ft 9 + 13 ⁄ 32 in) Toronto gauge 1,495 mm (4 ft 10 + 7 ⁄ 8 in) 1520 mm 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in) Five foot 1,524 mm (5 ft) Pennsylvania gauge 1,581 mm (5 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) Pennsylvania gauge 1,588 mm (5 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Five foot three inch 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) Baltimore gauge 1,638 mm (5 ft 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Iberian gauge 1,668 mm (5 ft 5 + 21 ⁄ 32 in) Five foot six inch 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) Six foot 1,829 mm (6 ft) Brunel 2,140 mm (7 ft 1 ⁄ 4 in) Breitspurbahn 3,000 mm (9 ft 10 1 ⁄ 8 in) Change of gauge Bogie exchange Break of gauge Dual gauge Conversion list Variable gauge By location North America South America Europe Australia [REDACTED] Fifteen-inch gauge railways were pioneered by Sir Arthur Percival Heywood who
3872-431: The chosen artifacts. These elements of planning have their roots with John Cotton Dana, who was perturbed at the historical placement of museums outside of cities, and in areas that were not easily accessed by the public, in gloomy European style buildings. Questions of accessibility continue to the present day. Many museums strive to make their buildings, programming, ideas, and collections more publicly accessible than in
3960-404: The classical period, the museums were the temples and their precincts which housed collections of votive offerings. Paintings and sculptures were displayed in gardens, forums, theaters, and bathhouses. In the ancient past there was little differentiation between libraries and museums with both occupying the building and were frequently connected to a temple or royal palace. The Museum of Alexandria
4048-539: The development of more modern 19th-century museums was part of new strategies by Western governments to produce a citizenry that, rather than be directed by coercive or external forces, monitored and regulated its own conduct. To incorporate the masses in this strategy, the private space of museums that previously had been restricted and socially exclusive were made public. As such, objects and artifacts, particularly those related to high culture, became instruments for these "new tasks of social management". Universities became
4136-413: The establishment of the earliest known museum in ancient times , museums have been associated with academia and the preservation of rare items. Museums originated as private collections of interesting items, and not until much later did the emphasis on educating the public take root. The English word museum comes from Latin , and is pluralized as museums (or rarely, musea ). It is originally from
4224-409: The former use and status of an object. Religious or holy objects, for instance, are handled according to cultural rules. Jewish objects that contain the name of God may not be discarded, but need to be buried. Although most museums do not allow physical contact with the associated artifacts, there are some that are interactive and encourage a more hands-on approach. In 2009, Hampton Court Palace ,
4312-697: The funding gap. The amount corporations currently give to museums accounts for just 5% of total funding. Corporate giving to the arts, however, was set to increase by 3.3% in 2017. Most mid-size and large museums employ exhibit design staff for graphic and environmental design projects, including exhibitions. In addition to traditional 2-D and 3-D designers and architects, these staff departments may include audio-visual specialists, software designers, audience research, evaluation specialists, writers, editors, and preparators or art handlers. These staff specialists may also be charged with supervising contract design or production services. The exhibit design process builds on
4400-524: The line ^ "The Blakesley Miniature Railway" . The SMJ Society . Retrieved 30 March 2022 . ^ "Home" . Evlr.co.uk . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Home" . Kirklesslightrailway.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Sadness as last remnants of Markeaton Park Railway to be demolished" . Derbytelegraph . Derbyshire Live. 2018-11-02 . Retrieved 3 November 2018 . ^ "American Heritage Railroad" . Americanfarmheritagemuseum.org . Archived from
4488-422: The looting of the collection is to be prevented in particular. The design of museums has evolved throughout history. However, museum planning involves planning the actual mission of the museum along with planning the space that the collection of the museum will be housed in. Intentional museum planning has its beginnings with the museum founder and librarian John Cotton Dana . Dana detailed the process of founding
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#17328593931484576-407: The material which that community needs, and to making that material's presence widely known, and to presenting it in such a way as to secure it for the maximum of use and the maximum efficiency of that use." The way that museums are planned and designed vary according to what collections they house, but overall, they adhere to planning a space that is easily accessed by the public and easily displays
4664-9414: The minimum that he felt was practical. Railways [ edit ] 15 inch gauge railway installations Name Country Location Notes Bush Mill Railway [REDACTED] Australia Port Arthur Closed Donauparkbahn [ de ] [REDACTED] Austria Vienna Prater Liliputbahn [REDACTED] Austria Vienna Bear Creek Park Train [REDACTED] Canada Surrey, British Columbia Pindal Electric Tramway [REDACTED] Canada London, Ontario Formerly in Montreal Springbank Express [REDACTED] Canada London, Ontario Chemin de fer Touristique d'Anse [REDACTED] France Anse, Rhône Dresden Park Railway [REDACTED] Germany Dresden Killesberg Park Railway [REDACTED] Germany Stuttgart Leipziger Parkeisenbahn [REDACTED] Germany Leipzig Difflin Lake Railway [REDACTED] Ireland Cygnus wood-land Railway [REDACTED] Japan Osaka Sakuradani Light Railway [REDACTED] Japan Toyono District of Osaka Prefecture Shuzenji Romney Railway [REDACTED] Japan Niji-no-Sato (Rainbow Park) in Izu, Shizuoka Driving Creek Railway [REDACTED] New Zealand Whangaparaoa Narrow Gauge Railway [REDACTED] New Zealand Closed Adventure Railway [REDACTED] UK Alton Towers (defunct, 1982–1992 - park still operating) Bellevue Park Railway [REDACTED] UK Belfast, Northern Ireland Closed 1950 Blackpool Zoo miniature railway [REDACTED] UK Lancashire Blakesley Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Blakesley Hall , Northamptonshire Opened 1903, closed c.1944. Blenheim Park Railway [REDACTED] UK Oxfordshire Brocklands Adventure Park [REDACTED] UK Cornwall Closed 2007 Bure Valley Railway [REDACTED] UK Norfolk Standard gauge line closed 1982. 15-inch gauge line opened 1990. Cleethorpes Coast Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Lincolnshire Conwy Valley Railway Museum [REDACTED] UK Betws-y-Coed , North Wales (short tramway) Craigtoun Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Craigtoun Park , St. Andrews Duffield Bank Railway [REDACTED] UK Closed 1916 Eaton Hall Railway [REDACTED] UK Closed 1946 Evesham Vale Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Evesham Country Park , Twyford, Worcestershire Fairbourne Railway [REDACTED] UK Wales (now converted to 12 + 1 ⁄ 4 in or 311 mm gauge) Far Tottering and Oyster Creek Branch Railway [REDACTED] UK Battersea Park , London Closed 1975 Gulliver's Land [REDACTED] UK Milton Keynes Gulliver's World [REDACTED] UK Warrington, Cheshire Haigh Hall Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Greater Manchester Heatherslaw Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Northumberland International Garden Festival Railway [REDACTED] UK 1984 Whistlestop Valley (Formerly Kirklees Light Railway) [REDACTED] UK Clayton West, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire Knowsley Safari Park ( The Lakeside Railway ) [REDACTED] UK Prescot, Merseyside Lakeside Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Southport, Merseyside Lappa Valley Steam Railway [REDACTED] UK Cornwall Lightwater Express Rio Grande [REDACTED] UK Ripon, North Yorkshire Theme Park Longleat Railway [REDACTED] UK Markeaton Park Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Derby Closed September 2016 Marwell Zoo [REDACTED] UK Colden Common, Hampshire Oakwood Theme Park [REDACTED] UK Narberth, Pembrokeshire Paradise Park [REDACTED] UK Hayle, Cornwall Paultons Park [REDACTED] UK Ower, Romsey, Hampshire Perrygrove Railway [REDACTED] UK Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway [REDACTED] UK Cumbria Rhiw Valley Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Manafon, Powys, Wales Closed 2022 Rhyl Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Clwyd, Wales Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway [REDACTED] UK Kent Saltburn Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Cat Nab, Cleveland Sand Hutton Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Yorkshire Closed 1922 Sherwood Forest Railway [REDACTED] UK Nottinghamshire Waveney Valley Railway [REDACTED] UK Bressingham Steam and Gardens Norfolk West Midlands Safari Park [REDACTED] UK Worcestershire Closed 2014 Windmill Farm Railway [REDACTED] UK Burscough, Lancashire Wildlife Park Cricket St Thomas [REDACTED] UK Chard, Somerset Wotton Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Wotton Underwood, Buckinghamshire American Heritage Railroad [REDACTED] USA Illinois Amusement Rides [REDACTED] USA City Park , Iowa City B.A.D. Great Northern Railroad [REDACTED] USA California Eden Springs Park Railroad ) [REDACTED] USA Benton Harbor, Michigan Gage Park Railroad [REDACTED] USA Gage Park, Topeka , Kansas Glenwood, South Park & Pacific Railroad [REDACTED] USA California Hillcrest & Wahtoke Steam Railroad [REDACTED] USA Reedley, California Joshua Tree & Southern GSD [REDACTED] USA California Kansas City Northern Miniature Railroad [REDACTED] USA Kansas City, Missouri Laurel Run Railroad [REDACTED] USA Pennsylvania Little Toot Railroad [REDACTED] USA Rough and Tumble Engineers Historical Association , Pennsylvania Look Park [REDACTED] USA Northampton, Massachusetts Miniature Railway at Silver Lake, Ohio [REDACTED] USA Silver Lake, Ohio Defunct Miniature Train at Monarch Park [REDACTED] USA Oil City, Pennsylvania Defunct Nickel Plate Railroad [REDACTED] USA California Northwest Ohio Railroad Preservation [REDACTED] USA Ohio Orland, Newville and Pacific Railroad [REDACTED] USA California (operating) Paradise & Pacific Railroad [REDACTED] USA McCormick-Stillman Railroad Park , Scottsdale, Arizona (separate 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 in or 190.5 mm railway named Scottsdale Live Steamers also present) (operating) Phoenix & Holly Railroad [REDACTED] USA Oregon Pint-Sized Pufferbelly [REDACTED] USA Strasburg Rail Road , Strasburg Township, Pennsylvania (operating) Redwood Valley Railway [REDACTED] USA Tilden Regional Park , California (operating) Riverside and Great Northern Railway [REDACTED] USA Wisconsin Riverview & Twin Lakes Railroad [REDACTED] USA Wyoming Safari Train [REDACTED] USA Milwaukee County Zoo , Milwaukee , Wisconsin (operating) Sonoma TrainTown Railroad [REDACTED] USA California (operating) Sullivan Railroad [REDACTED] USA Horseheads, New York Tiny Town Railroad [REDACTED] USA Colorado Waterman & Western Railroad [REDACTED] USA Illinois See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Trains portal Bassett-Lowke British narrow-gauge railways Heritage railway List of British heritage and private railways List of track gauges Minimum-gauge railway References [ edit ] ^ Heywood, A.P. (1974) [1881, Derby: Bemrose]. Minimum Gauge Railways . Turntable Enterprises. ISBN 0-902844-26-1 . ^ Donaupark ^ Bear Creek Park ^ "CEC: Closed Canadian Parks - Springbank Park" . Cec.chebucto.org . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ Going again ^ "シグナス森林鉄道" . Nose Electric Railway . Retrieved 10 June 2017 . ^ Tripadvisor ^ End of
4752-399: The museum grounds before heading into the Dell Garden. At the far end of the garden, the train is turned in a balloon loop , before returning to the station. A turntable is located at the end of the platform road to facilitate the turning of the locomotive with minimal movements required. The points located at the balloon loop and the entrance to the platform road are spring operated so there
4840-409: The museum landscape has become so varied, that it may not be sufficient to use traditional categories to comprehend fully the vast variety existing throughout the world. However, it may be useful to categorize museums in different ways under multiple perspectives. Museums can vary based on size, from large institutions, to very small institutions focusing on specific subjects, such as a specific location,
4928-590: The museum planning process. Some museum experiences have very few or no artifacts and do not necessarily call themselves museums, and their mission reflects this; the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles and the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia , being notable examples where there are few artifacts, but strong, memorable stories are told or information is interpreted. In contrast,
5016-516: The only people who really needed to see them". This phenomenon of disappearing objects is especially present in science museums like the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago , which have a high visitorship of school-aged children who may benefit more from hands-on interactive technology than reading a label beside an artifact. There is no definitive standard as to the set types of museums. Additionally,
5104-466: The original on 12 August 2013 . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "City Park" . City of Iowa City . Retrieved 7 June 2017 . ^ "City Park (Iowa City)" (PDF) . Uni.edu . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Eden Springs Park Benton Harbor Michigan Formerly The House of David" . Edenspringspark.org . Retrieved 18 November 2017 . ^ "Glenwood, South Park & Pacific Railroad" . Traill.us . Archived from
5192-655: The original on 21 May 2014 . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Hillcrest" . Hillcrestreedley.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Joshua Tree & Southern GSD" . Home.easrthlink.net . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Kansas City Northern Miniature Railroad" . kcparks.org/places/kansas-city-northern-railroad . ^ "Reading Society of Model Engineers" . Rsme.org . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ Sayre, Dave. "McCormick - Stillman Railroad Park" . Arizonaandpacificrr.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Flower Farmer and Phoenix & Holly Railroad - Welcome to
5280-415: The past. Not every museum is participating in this trend, but that seems to be the trajectory of museums in the twenty-first century with its emphasis on inclusiveness. One pioneering way museums are attempting to make their collections more accessible is with open storage. Most of a museum's collection is typically locked away in a secure location to be preserved, but the result is most people never get to see
5368-564: The personal collection of Elias Ashmole , was set up in the University of Oxford to be open to the public and is considered by some to be the first modern public museum. The collection included that of Elias Ashmole which he had collected himself, including objects he had acquired from the gardeners, travellers and collectors John Tradescant the elder and his son of the same name . The collection included antique coins, books, engravings, geological specimens, and zoological specimens—one of which
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#17328593931485456-674: The preservation of their objects. They displayed objects as well as their functions. One exhibit featured a historical printing press that a staff member used for visitors to create museum memorabilia. Some museums seek to reach a wide audience, such as a national or state museum, while others have specific audiences, like the LDS Church History Museum or local history organizations. Generally speaking, museums collect objects of significance that comply with their mission statement for conservation and display. Apart from questions of provenance and conservation, museums take into consideration
5544-422: The primary centers for innovative research in the United States well before the start of World War II . Nevertheless, museums to this day contribute new knowledge to their fields and continue to build collections that are useful for both research and display. The late twentieth century witnessed intense debate concerning the repatriation of religious, ethnic, and cultural artifacts housed in museum collections. In
5632-442: The private collections of wealthy individuals, families or institutions of art and rare or curious natural objects and artifacts . These were often displayed in so-called "wonder rooms" or cabinets of curiosities . These contemporary museums first emerged in western Europe, then spread into other parts of the world. Public access to these museums was often possible for the "respectable", especially to private art collections, but at
5720-400: The project. Nonetheless, over 1.1 million people visited the museum in 2015, indicating it appeared to have paid off for the local government despite local backlash; key to this is the large demographic of foreign visitors to the museum, with 63% of the visitors residing outside of Spain and thus feeding foreign investment straight into Bilbao. A similar project to that undertaken in Bilbao was
5808-484: The public presentation of regularly scheduled programs and exhibits; Have a formal and appropriate program of documentation, care, and use of collections or objects; Carry out the above functions primarily at a physical facility or site; Have been open to the public for at least two years; Be open to the public at least 1,000 hours a year; Have accessioned 80 percent of its permanent collection; Have at least one paid professional staff with museum knowledge and experience; Have
5896-407: The public, accessible and inclusive, museums foster diversity and sustainability. They operate and communicate ethically, professionally and with the participation of communities, offering varied experiences for education, enjoyment, reflection and knowledge sharing." The Canadian Museums Association 's definition: "A museum is a non-profit, permanent establishment, that does not exist primarily for
5984-708: The purpose of conducting temporary exhibitions and that is open to the public during regular hours and administered in the public interest for the purpose of conserving, preserving, studying, interpreting, assembling and exhibiting to the public for the instruction and enjoyment of the public, objects and specimens or educational and cultural value including artistic, scientific, historical and technological material." The United Kingdom's Museums Association 's definition: "Museums enable people to explore collections for inspiration, learning and enjoyment. They are institutions that collect, safeguard and make accessible artifacts and specimens, which they hold in trust for society." While
6072-572: The ruler to display the amassed collections to guests and to visiting dignitaries. Also in Alexandria from the time of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (r. 285–246 BCE), was the first zoological park. At first used by Philadelphus in an attempt to domesticate African elephants for use in war, the elephants were also used for show along with a menagerie of other animals specimens including hartebeests , ostriches , zebras , leopards , giraffes , rhinoceros , and pythons . Early museums began as
6160-495: The steamroller 'Boxer' and traction engine 'Bertha' which appeared in other episodes. 52°23′05″N 1°03′26″E / 52.3846°N 1.0571°E / 52.3846; 1.0571 Museum A museum is an institution dedicated to displaying and/or preserving culturally or scientifically significant objects. Many museums have exhibitions of these objects on public display, and some have private collections that are used by researchers and specialists. Museums host
6248-461: The study and education of the public. To city leaders, an active museum community can be seen as a gauge of the cultural or economic health of a city, and a way to increase the sophistication of its inhabitants. To museum professionals, a museum might be seen as a way to educate the public about the museum's mission, such as civil rights or environmentalism . Museums are, above all, storehouses of knowledge. In 1829, James Smithson's bequest funding
6336-451: The subject matter which now include content in the form of images, audio and visual effects, and interactive exhibits. Museum creation begins with a museum plan, created through a museum planning process. The process involves identifying the museum's vision and the resources, organization and experiences needed to realize this vision. A feasibility study, analysis of comparable facilities, and an interpretive plan are all developed as part of
6424-494: The type of collections they display, to include: fine arts , applied arts , craft , archaeology , anthropology and ethnology , biography , history , cultural history , science , technology , children's museums , natural history , botanical and zoological gardens . Within these categories, many museums specialize further, e.g., museums of modern art , folk art , local history , military history , aviation history , philately , agriculture , or geology . The size of
6512-471: The vast majority of collections. The Brooklyn Museum's Luce Center for American Art practices this open storage where the public can view items not on display, albeit with minimal interpretation. The practice of open storage is all part of an ongoing debate in the museum field of the role objects play and how accessible they should be. In terms of modern museums, interpretive museums, as opposed to art museums, have missions reflecting curatorial guidance through
6600-705: The way its subject matter existed at a certain point in time (e.g., the Anne Frank House and Colonial Williamsburg ). According to University of Florida Professor Eric Kilgerman, "While a museum in which a particular narrative unfolds within its halls is diachronic, those museums that limit their space to a single experience are called synchronic." In her book Civilizing the Museum , author Elaine Heumann Gurian proposes that there are five categories of museums based on intention and not content: object centered, narrative, client centered, community centered, and national. Museums can also be categorized into major groups by
6688-428: The whim of the owner and his staff. One way that elite men during this time period gained a higher social status in the world of elites was by becoming a collector of these curious objects and displaying them. Many of the items in these collections were new discoveries and these collectors or naturalists, since many of these people held interest in natural sciences, were eager to obtain them. By putting their collections in
6776-475: The world offer some definitions as to what constitutes a museum, and their purpose. Common themes in all the definitions are public good and the care, preservation, and interpretation of collections. The International Council of Museums ' current definition of a museum (adopted in 2022): "A museum is a not-for-profit, permanent institution in the service of society that researches, collects, conserves, interprets and exhibits tangible and intangible heritage. Open to
6864-536: Was "encyclopedic" in nature, reminiscent of that of Pliny, the Roman philosopher and naturalist. The idea was to consume and collect as much knowledge as possible, to put everything they collected and everything they knew in these displays. In time, however, museum philosophy would change and the encyclopedic nature of information that was so enjoyed by Aldrovandi and his cohorts would be dismissed as well as "the museums that contained this knowledge". The 18th-century scholars of
6952-435: Was a concern that large crowds could damage the artifacts. Prospective visitors to the British Museum had to apply in writing for admission, and small groups were allowed into the galleries each day. The British Museum became increasingly popular during the 19th century, amongst all age groups and social classes who visited the British Museum, especially on public holidays. The Ashmolean Museum , however, founded in 1677 from
7040-492: Was charged with organizing the Louvre as a national public museum and the centerpiece of a planned national museum system. As Napoléon I conquered the great cities of Europe, confiscating art objects as he went, the collections grew and the organizational task became more and more complicated. After Napoleon was defeated in 1815, many of the treasures he had amassed were gradually returned to their owners (and many were not). His plan
7128-468: Was first opened in 1973 and is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in length. It crosses the 1 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ( 597 mm ) Fen Railway and also runs parallel to the 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ( 1,435 mm ) standard gauge line for a time. Locomotives: A variety of steam vehicles are in the collection. The museum is the home of the national Dad's Army collection of vintage vehicles. These are located on
7216-406: Was interested in what he termed a minimum gauge railway for use as estate railways or to be easy to lay on, for instance, a battlefield. In 1874, he described the principle behind it as used for his Duffield Bank Railway , distinguishing it from a "narrow-gauge" railway. Having previously built a small railway of 9 in ( 229 mm ) gauge, he settled on 15 in ( 381 mm ) gauge as
7304-760: Was never fully realized, but his concept of a museum as an agent of nationalistic fervor had a profound influence throughout Europe. Chinese and Japanese visitors to Europe were fascinated by the museums they saw there, but had cultural difficulties in grasping their purpose and finding an equivalent Chinese or Japanese term for them. Chinese visitors in the early 19th century named these museums based on what they contained, so defined them as "bone amassing buildings" or "courtyards of treasures" or "painting pavilions" or "curio stores" or "halls of military feats" or "gardens of everything". Japan first encountered Western museum institutions when it participated in Europe's World's Fairs in
7392-642: Was realized in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (this is often called "The Museum Period" or "The Museum Age"). While many American museums, both natural history museums and art museums alike, were founded with the intention of focusing on the scientific discoveries and artistic developments in North America, many moved to emulate their European counterparts in certain ways (including the development of Classical collections from ancient Egypt , Greece , Mesopotamia , and Rome ). Drawing on Michel Foucault 's concept of liberal government, Tony Bennett has suggested
7480-674: Was relaxed just before the proposed handover in 1971. Consequently, Bloom was able to create his own trust and thus retain control of it, because the collection was of historical and educational importance. The three-abreast Gallopers, purchased by Alan Bloom in 1967, are the centrepiece of the site. They were built by Frederick Savage in Kings Lynn in 1897 and were owned and operated by the Thurston family of Norfolk until 1934. The Gallopers later operated at Whitley Bay and later in Scotland before finding
7568-776: Was the Louvre in Paris , opened in 1793 during the French Revolution , which enabled for the first time free access to the former French royal collections for people of all stations and status. The fabulous art treasures collected by the French monarchy over centuries were accessible to the public three days each " décade " (the 10-day unit which had replaced the week in the French Republican Calendar ). The Conservatoire du muséum national des Arts (National Museum of Arts's Conservatory)
7656-522: Was the second railway to be completed at Bressingham, first opening in 1966. The railway is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long and crosses the Waveney Valley Railway, running parallel to it for a short distance. It also runs through meadows and passes the now-defunct plant nurseries. The Railway was extended twice following initial completion to become the length it is today. Locomotives: 15 in ( 381 mm ) gauge miniature railway . The line
7744-473: Was the stuffed body of the last dodo ever seen in Europe; but by 1755 the stuffed dodo was so moth-eaten that it was destroyed, except for its head and one claw. The museum opened on 24 May 1683, with naturalist Robert Plot as the first keeper. The first building, which became known as the Old Ashmolean , is sometimes attributed to Sir Christopher Wren or Thomas Wood. In France, the first public museum
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