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Bregenz District

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The Bezirk Bregenz is an administrative district ( Bezirk ) in Vorarlberg , Austria . It comprises the Bregenz Forest region, the Leiblach valley, and the Austrian part of Lake Constance .

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36-539: The area of the district is 863.37 km, its population is 130,425 (2012), and the population density is 151 people per km. The administrative centre of the district is Bregenz . The district is divided into 40 municipalities , one of them is a town , and six are market towns . (population numbers 2012) 47°24′N 10°00′E  /  47.4°N 10°E  / 47.4; 10 Bregenz Bregenz ( German: [ˈbʁeːɡɛnts] ; Vorarlbergian : Breagaz [ˈb̥rea̯ɡ̊ats] )

72-573: A German-speaking majority), a Landtag is a unicameral legislature for a constitutive federal state (Bundesland). In the Principality of Liechtenstein , the Landtag is the sole national parliament, because Liechtenstein has no federal structure due to its size. In most of the German constitutive federal states ( Bundesländer ), the unicameral legislature is called Landtag : In the German city states ,

108-445: A budget of around EUR 20 million. The program changes every two years. In addition to the performances on the lake stage, orchestral concerts and operas also take place in the adjacent festival theatre. There is also a children's and youth program during and before the beginning of the festival. The lake stage ( Seebühne ) is the largest open-air lake stage theatre in the world, with an audience capacity of around 7,000. Since 2014,

144-642: A series of battles in 15 BC, the Romans conquered Brigantion and the city became a Roman camp. It was conferred the status of a municipality ( Brigantium ) around 50 AD and was the seat of the Roman admiralty for Lake Constance. In 259/60 Brigantium was destroyed by the Alemanni , Germanic peoples who settled in the area in around 450. From 610 to 612 Saint Columbanus and Saint Gall worked as missionaries in Bregenz. From 917 onwards

180-456: Is twinned with: Landtag A Landtag (State Diet ) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations . It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non-federal matters. The States of Germany and Austria are governed by Landtage . In addition,

216-618: Is home to four Gymnasium secondary schools, a commercial college (HAK), a technical college (HTL), upper secondary business schools (Höhere Lehranstalt für wirtschaftliche Berufe), three Berufsschulen (vocational schools), crafts colleges, the Academy of Social Sciences, and a nursing school. Others include: an adult education centre, school boarding houses, state archives, a state library, a state museum, Kunsthaus Bregenz (modern arts centre), Künstlerhaus (art centre), Thurn und Taxis Palace, five monasteries, Heimatwerk (autonomous institution fostering

252-619: Is important; a major attraction is the Bregenz Festival (since 1946, floating stage since 1949, modernised in 1979, Festival and Congress Hall in 1980), winter sports on the Pfänder mountain. The annual summer music festival Bregenzer Festspiele is world-famous, taking place in July and August each year on and around a stage on Lake Constance . This festival attracts more than 150,000 people every year to Bregenz (2011: 166,453, 2016: 159,172) and has

288-472: Is the capital of Vorarlberg , the westernmost state of Austria . The city lies on the east and southeast shores of Lake Constance , the third-largest freshwater lake in Central Europe , between Switzerland in the west and Germany in the northwest. Bregenz is located on a plateau falling in a series of terraces to the lake at the foot of Pfänder mountain. It is a junction of the arterial roads from

324-686: The Arlberg massif. Since 1726, Bregenz has been the main seat of Austrian administration in Vorarlberg ( Obervogtei , in 1786 Kreisamt , since 1861 seat of the Landtag, since 1918 seat of the Landeshauptmann ). Rieden-Vorkloster and Fluh were incorporated into Bregenz in 1919 and 1946, respectively. The town was bombed by the Allies in 1945, and 72 houses were destroyed. Sights in the district of Vorkloster include

360-630: The Bregenz Jazz Festival has been held every year in June at the Kornmarktplatz. It is the successor of the New Orleans Festival , which took place from 1999 to 2013, during the early summer, in the inner city of Bregenz, and which was no longer supported by the initiator Markus Linder. In addition to the change of name, there was also a musical genre change from blues to jazz. The location and

396-679: The Rhine valley to the German Alpine foothills, with cruise ship services on Lake Constance. It is famous for the annual summer music festival Bregenzer Festspiele , as well as the dance festival Bregenzer Spring . The first settlements date from 1500 BC. The Brigantii are mentioned by Strabo as a Celtic sub-tribe in this region of the Alps. In the 5th century BC, the Celts settled at Brigantion , which became one of their most heavily fortified locations. After

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432-540: The Austrian capital Vienna (like Berlin) is both a city-state and a municipality , the Gemeinderat (municipal assembly) of Vienna also serves as the state Landtag. However, the city constitution states that municipal and state affairs are kept separate, and the two bodies hold separate meetings even though their memberships are identical. The representatives are elected in general, free, secret and direct ballots according to

468-719: The Duchies of Livonia , Estonia , Courland and Semigallia , and later the Russian Governorates of Livonia , Estonia and Courland . After the independence of Estonia and Latvia in 1918, they were ultimately replaced by the Riigikogu and the Saeima . In the contemporary Federal Republic of Germany , the Republic of Austria and the Italian Republic 's province of South Tyrol (with

504-726: The French 'exporting the revolution', and Napoleon was happy to maintain satellite monarchies in most German territories under his control (members of the Confederation of the Rhine ), the more democratic principles of the Enlightenment would have less effect in the German-speaking lands, or only much later. In 1815 the German Confederation ("Deutscher Bund") was founded as successor to

540-632: The German Empire and Alsace-Lorraine (the " Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen ") (from 1911) had Landtage as legislative authorities. The most important one was the Prussian Landtag . In the Weimar Republic (1919 – 1933) all German states had Landtage that were democratically elected by universal suffrage , and to which the state governments were responsible. After the Nazi seizure of power , they embarked on

576-581: The German Reichstag. The Finnish name is eduskunta . The first Landtag of the Livonian Confederation was called by archbishop of Riga Johannes Ambundii in 1419 and reconvened on a regular basis until the incorporation of Livonian lands into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , Sweden and Denmark in 1561. Separate Landtags for Livonia , Courland and Estonia continued to exist as bodies of

612-523: The German word Tag , as such meetings were held at daylight and sometimes spanned several days. In feudal society, the formal class system was reflected in the composition of the Imperial States ' representative assemblies ( Landstände ), regardless of their name well described as estates of the realm : it was not intended as an elected reflection of public opinion, but a fixed expression of established power as recognized in formal privileges, including

648-573: The Holy Roman Empire. § 13 of the "Bundesakte" (the constitution of the German Confederation) forced the German states to pass constitutions and implement parliaments called Landstände or Landtage. The first constitution was passed in Nassau in 1814. Until 1841 ( Luxembourg ) all but two states got their constitution and parliaments. In 1871 the German Empire was founded. All 25 states of

684-924: The Maria Hilf parish church (1925–1931, by C. Holzmeister, interior from 1980) and the Cistercian monastery of Mehrerau . On the Gebhardsberg rock are remains of the fortress of Hohenbregenz (destroyed by the Swedes in 1647). Bregenz is the seat of the Vorarlberg State Assembly ( Landtag ), and of most of the provincial authorities/institutions of Vorarlberg (e.g. school superintendent, police headquarters, department of human resources development (AMS), Office for Environmental Protection, Chamber of Labour, Economics Chamber, Chamber of Agriculture, Chamber of Pharmacists, military regional headquarters, military garrison, one of

720-649: The Reconstruction of the Reich " of 30 January 1934 that formally abolished all the Landtage and transferred the sovereignty of the states to the central government. Although the states themselves continued in existence, the federalism of the Republic was effectively supplanted by a unitary state . Under its original constitution , East Germany was a federal republic with five Länder , each with its own Landtag. Each Landtag

756-468: The S1 and S3 regional train services of Vorarlberg S-Bahn , S7 service of St. Gallen S-Bahn , REX 1 and long-distance EuroCity and Railjet trains, while the other two stations are only served by regional trains (S1, S3, REX 1). The regional train services are also part of Bodensee S-Bahn . The Pfänderbahn is an aerial tram to Pfänder mountain, with its valley station located in Bregenz. Bregenz

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792-537: The castle served as a residence of the Udalrichinger (ruling dynasty of Vorarlberg), who called themselves Counts of Bregenz . The house died out around 1150. The son of the first Ulrich was Saint Gebhard , born in 947. He became the Bishop of Konstanz . In around 1170 Hugo of Tübingen (Montfort) founded a town settlement (first documented in 1249), enlarged it in the 13th and 14th centuries and from 1650 to 1652. The city

828-458: The legislature of the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol is known in German as a Landtag . Historically, states of the German Confederation also established Landtage . The Landtag of Liechtenstein is the nation's unicameral assembly. The German word Landtag is composed of the words Land (state, country or territory) and Tag (day). The German word Tagung (meeting) is derived from

864-523: The main hospitals of the province (Landeskrankenhaus), as well as a sanatorium, farmers' health and social insurance office, VLV (Mutual Fire Insurance Institute). A consulate-general of Turkey, and honorary consulates of Belarus, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, and Switzerland are located in Bregenz. Honorary consulates of Finland and the United Kingdom are located in nearby Lauterach , and an honorary consulate of Brazil in nearby Hard . Bregenz

900-468: The manufacturing of traditional craft products), and various newspapers. Festival and Congress centre, Theater am Kornmarkt, casino, harbour for sailing boats and yachts, cable car up onto the Pfänder mountain. The economy is mainly dominated by small businesses in the services, trade and industry sectors: these include the textile industry ( Wolford AG), fittings manufacturer Julius Blum GmbH, glass processing and machine construction. Bi-seasonal tourism

936-466: The municipality. Bregenz railway station is an intermediate stop on the Vorarlberg railway line ( Vorarlbergbahn ), which traverses Vorarlberg in a north-south direction. The harbour of Bregenz is adjacent to Bregenz Hafen railway station , which is situated on the same railway line. A third station, Bregenz Riedenburg is situated further south on the Vorarlberg line. Bregenz station is called at by

972-629: The parliamentary city council serves the function of the state parliament within the federal system - in the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg it is called the Bürgerschaft (municipal assembly): In the German capital and city state of Berlin , the legislature since 1951 (then of West Berlin ) is called Abgeordnetenhaus ("House of Representatives"), adopting

1008-664: The principle of proportional representation . The largest of the parliamentary groups (called Klubs in Austria) usually nominates the Landeshauptmann governor. The modern Landtage are the democratic successors of the estates assemblies in the corresponding crown lands of the Austrian Empire . Exceptions are the city of Vienna, which belonged to the Lower Austria Kronland until 1920, and Burgenland, ceded to Austria by

1044-657: The process of Gleichschaltung (coordination). On 31 March 1933, the Provisional Law on the Coordination of the States with the Reich was enacted, which dissolved all the sitting Landtage and reconstituted them on the basis of the recent Reichstag election results, which had given the Nazi Party and its coalition partner the DNVP a working majority. This was followed by the " Law on

1080-476: The right to be seated in person (granted to many nobles (knightage) and prelates , as well as certain cities) or to be represented as elector in a college that is entitled to one or more seats. Therefore, the representatives primarily defended class interests, and decisions were based on a class-based electoral system. In some of the Imperial States that were known as Land , the name of such estates assembly

1116-577: The timing stayed roughly the same. Since 1987, Bregenzer Spring , a dance festival, has been held every year between March and June in the Festival Hall of Bregenz (Festspielhaus). Dance ensembles from all over the world perform their new productions, along with Austrian premieres. With a budget of around EUR 500,000 and up to 10,000 visitors, Bregenzer Spring is one of the most important dance festivals in Austria. There are three railway stations within

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1152-760: The tradition of the Prussian Landtag . The national bicameral Parliament comprises the directly elected Bundestag and the Bundesrat which represents the state governments in Federal matters which affect the Länder . According to the Constitution of Austria , the Landtage are the unicameral legislatures of the nine states of Austria ( Bundesländer ), dealing with all matters not explicitly allotted to federal level: As

1188-583: Was Landtag , analogous to the Reichstag (Imperial Diet), which mainly comprised most of the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire plus Reichsgrafen , Imperial prelates and Free imperial cities . The precise composition obviously varied greatly, and could change over time, as the result of privileges granted or lost, entities split or merged, border changes et cetera . Prussian Landtage were held: See also Preußischer Landtag . As Austria and Prussia escaped

1224-474: Was created when the country was ceded from Sweden to Russia in 1809, was called lantdag in Swedish until 1906 when it was replaced by the unicameral Parliament of Finland . Parliament continued using the name lantdag in Swedish until 1919, when Finland adopted its first constitution following the declaration of independence in 1917. Since then, the official term in Swedish has been riksdag , equivalent of

1260-668: Was responsible for electing the Chamber of States , the upper house of the national parliament. In 1952, the Länder were dissolved and replaced by Bezirke (districts). The Landtage were accordingly abolished and their functions transferred to the Bezirke governments. The Länder were eventually restored after the Peaceful Revolution , but their Landtage did not convene until after the reunification of Germany . The Diet of Finland , which

1296-538: Was sold in 1451, and again in 1523, to the Habsburgs and continued under Austrian rule, with a brief occupation by Swedish forces under Carl Gustaf Wrangel during the 30 Years' War , until the 19th century. Bregenz was under Bavarian rule from 1805 to 1814. From 1842 to 1850, the harbour on Lake Constance was built, then enlarged in 1883 and from 1889 to 1891, and Austrian ship service was inaugurated in 1884. Railway services have existed since 1872, and since 1884 across

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