79-636: The Black Hills gold rush took place in Dakota Territory in the United States . It began in 1874 following the Custer Expedition and reached a peak in 1876–77. Rumors and poorly documented reports of gold in the Black Hills go back to the early 19th century. In the 1860s, Roman Catholic missionary Father De Smet is reported to have seen Sioux Indians carrying gold which they told him came from
158-487: A bicycle shop owner, took office on January 4, 2021, with a term ending January 6, 2025. The city council has nine members each of whom are elected from one of three wards. Each ward elects three members. The mayor's office is responsible for managing the various city departments which consist of Police, Fire Rescue, Planning and Development, Engineering, Public Works, Treasury, Attorney's Office, Human Resources, and Municipal Court. The Planning and Development Department manages
237-413: A few thousand residents, into the union as a state. The few people who did live there were overwhelmingly Republican. A dozen years later, President Ulysses Grant , also a Republican, signed legislation admitting Republican-dominated Colorado as a state even though according to the then latest census, Colorado had fewer than 40,000 residents. Republicans also successfully blocked New Mexico from becoming
316-488: A force of 1,000 men led by George Armstrong Custer to investigate reports that the area contained gold, even though the land was owned by the Sioux . They found small amounts of gold in present-day Custer, South Dakota , and looked for better-paying locations. They moved north, establishing the towns of Hill City , Sheridan, and Pactola . At each spot, they found flakes of gold, but not the bonanza they sought. Things changed when
395-635: A move to the Indoor Football League . Shortly after the owner of the team died in December, the Warriors announced that they were forming the new Developmental Football League. In May 2013, after playing several games in this new league, the team folded. In 2020, the city of Cheyenne was chosen to host the historical match between Canadian Dave Leduc who was defending his Lethwei world title against American challenger Cyrus Washington . The event marked
474-472: A normal mean temperature of 27.7 °F (−2.4 °C), highs that fail to breach freezing for 35 days per year, and lows that dip to the 0 °F (−18 °C) mark on 9.2 mornings. However, the cold is often interrupted, with chinook winds blowing downslope from the Rockies that can bring warm conditions, bringing the high above 50 °F (10 °C) on twenty days from December to February. While December
553-617: A remote exclave of Dakota Territory until it became part of Gallatin County , Montana Territory , in 1873. All land north of the Keya Paha River (which includes most of Boyd County, Nebraska , and a smaller portion of neighboring Keya Paha County ) was originally part of Dakota Territory, but was transferred to Nebraska in 1882. Dakota Territory was not directly involved in the American Civil War but did raise some troops to defend
632-559: A site three miles (5 km) west of Crow Creek Crossing for a U.S. Army fort to protect the railroad. The Union Pacific Railroad platted its Crow Creek Crossing townsite on July 5, 1867. Residents named the town Cheyenne for the Cheyenne Native American people . On August 8, 1867, the Town of Cheyenne, Dakota Territory was incorporated, and on August 10, 1867, H. M. Hook was elected as Cheyenne's first mayor. The tracks of
711-748: A state in 1858, the leftover area between the Missouri River and Minnesota's western boundary fell unorganized. When the Yankton Treaty was signed later that year, ceding much of what had been Sioux Indian land to the U.S. Government, early settlers formed a provisional government and unsuccessfully lobbied for United States territory status. Wilmot Wood Brookings was the provisional governor. The cities of Wilmot and Brookings as well as Brookings County are named for him. Three years later, President-elect Abraham Lincoln 's cousin-in-law John Blair Smith Todd personally lobbied for territory status, and
790-549: A state until 1912 while Cleveland’s Democrats had hoped to admit New Mexico as it would have favored them. The admission of new western states was a party political battleground, with each party looking at how the proposed new states were likely to vote. At the beginning of 1888, the Democrats under president Grover Cleveland proposed that the four territories of Montana , New Mexico, Dakota and Washington should be admitted together. The first two were expected to vote Democratic and
869-399: Is 68 °F (20 °C) on July 31, 1960. The annual precipitation of 15.9 inches (400 mm) tends to be concentrated from May to August and is low during fall and winter; it has historically ranged from 5.04 inches (128.0 mm) in 1876 to 23.69 inches (602 mm) in 1942. The city averages below 60% daily relative humidity in each month and receives an average 2,980 hours (~67% of
SECTION 10
#1732851849122948-868: Is home to the Laramie County Community College (LCCC), one of seven constituent campuses managed by the Wyoming Community College Commission . Cheyenne has a public library , a branch of the Laramie County Library System. Cheyenne Transit Program provides bus service to the Cheyenne area. Intercity bus service to the city is provided by Express Arrow and Greyhound Lines . Cheyenne Regional Airport features daily, nonstop airline service on United Express to Denver International Airport . The Union Pacific and BNSF railroads intersect in Cheyenne. The city
1027-537: Is known that the famous bicycler, Cheyenne Otero, spent many weekends there training for marathons. In 1996, as a result of the greenway, Cheyenne was named a "Trail Town USA" by the National Park service and the American Hiking Society . Cheyenne's government consists of a mayor and a city council, elected on a non-partisan basis. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The current Mayor, Patrick Collins,
1106-522: Is situated on Crow Creek and Dry Creek. At a celebration on July 4, 1867, Grenville M. Dodge of the Union Pacific Railroad announced the selection of a townsite for its mountain region headquarters adjacent to the bridge the railroad planned to build across Crow Creek in the Territory of Dakota . At the same celebration, Major General Christopher C. Augur announced the selection of
1185-475: Is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Wyoming , as well as the county seat of Laramie County , with 65,132 residents, per the 2020 census . It is the principal city of the Cheyenne metropolitan statistical area which encompasses all of Laramie County and had 100,512 residents as of the 2020 census. Local residents named the town for the Cheyenne Native American people in 1867 when it
1264-577: Is the coldest month, snowfall is greatest in March and April, seasonally averaging 60 inches (1,500 mm), historically ranging from 13.1 inches (330 mm) between July 1965 and June 1966 up to 121.5 inches (3,090 mm) between July 1979 and June 1980, yet thick snow cover rarely stays. Summers are warm, with a high diurnal temperature range ; July averages 69.4 °F (20.8 °C), and highs reach 90 °F (32 °C) on average for twelve afternoons annually. Spring and autumn are quick transitions, with
1343-478: The Black Hills of South Dakota where recent gold discovery was a great impetus for growth and led it to becoming a freight-shipping centre on the "Custer Route" from the Black Hills. It was also not especially unusual for the party that controls Congress to admit states for political reasons. In 1864, Republican President Abraham Lincoln signed legislation admitting Nevada , a barely populated desert state with
1422-558: The Black Hills . Prior to the gold rush , the Black Hills were used by Native Americans (primarily bands of Sioux but others also ranged through the area). The United States government recognized the Black Hills as belonging to the Sioux by the Treaty of Laramie in 1868 . Despite being within Native American territory, and therefore off-limits, white Americans were increasingly interested in
1501-568: The Homestake . They had located the area from which the placer gold in Deadwood Creek had eroded. Here, the men produced 10% of the world's gold supply over the next 125 years. Many more prospectors hoped to find another "Homestake" so they continued to look, but the Homestake mine was unique. The workers crushed the rock to release the gold, concentrated the gold by gravity methods, and then exposed
1580-634: The National Register of Historic Places , including: Several districts in the city are also listed, including: Sports venues in Cheyenne include the Cheyenne Ice and Events Center , Pioneer Park, Powers Field, Bison Stadium, and Okie-Blanchard Stadium. In 2012, the Cheyenne Warriors were founded as an American Professional Football League team. After playing a season in the APFL, they announced
1659-514: The U.S. Congress formally created Dakota Territory. It became an organized territory on March 2, 1861. Upon creation, Dakota Territory included much of present-day Montana and Wyoming as well as all of present-day North Dakota and South Dakota and a small portion of present-day Nebraska . President Lincoln appointed Dakota Territory's first governor, William Jayne , who was Lincoln's old friend and neighbor from Springfield, Illinois. A small patch of land known as " Lost Dakota " existed as
SECTION 20
#17328518491221738-476: The poverty line , including 11.1% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 77.1% non-Hispanic white, 1.7% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.5% Asian, 0.2% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 6.7% two or more races, and 15.9% Hispanic or Latin American of any race, in 2020. In 2010,
1817-689: The "Dakota Boom" from 1870 to 1880. Because the Sioux were considered very hostile and a threat to early settlers, the white population grew slowly. Gradually, the settlers' population grew and the Sioux were not considered as severe a threat. The population increase can largely be attributed to the growth of the Northern Pacific Railroad . Settlers who came to the Dakota Territory were from other western territories as well as many from northern and western Europe. These included large numbers of Norwegians, Germans, Swedes, and Canadians. Commerce
1896-569: The Black Hills was thrown into question in 1887 by the discovery of what has become known as the Thoen Stone . Discovered by Louis Thoen on the slopes of Lookout Mountain, the stone purports to be the last testament of Ezra Kind who, along with six others, entered the Black Hills in 1833 (at a time when whites were forbidden by law and treaty from entering the area), "got all the gold we could carry" in June 1834, and were subsequently "killed by Indians beyond
1975-494: The Black Hills. Chlorization and smelting were seen as two methods that could remove gold from the refractory ore in the 1890s. More rock mining regions opened up around Lead and Deadwood because of this discovery. During the gold rush, "Treasure Coaches" transporting large quantities of the precious metal worth up to $ 300,000 on each haul to Cheyenne, Wyoming , became a favorite target for road agents . The last recorded hold-up occurred around 3:00 pm on September 26, 1878, at
2054-504: The Canyon Springs station, about 35 miles south of Deadwood. The robbers bound and gagged the stableman and lined the stable wall with their guns through cracks between the logs. As the coach approached the station, the desperadoes opened fire. One guard was killed, and two guards were wounded. The chief guard took cover behind a large pine tree, exchanged a few shots with the bandits, and got them to agree to let him go if he would leave
2133-520: The Civil War, hostilities continued with the Sioux until the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie . By 1868, creation of new territories reduced Dakota Territory to the present boundaries of the Dakotas . Territorial counties were defined in 1872, including Bottineau County , Cass County and others. During the existence of the organized territory, the population first increased very slowly and then very rapidly with
2212-551: The Dakota Territory south of the 46th parallel of latitude was passed by the Senate in December 1884, but failed to pass the House. A second constitutional convention for South Dakota was held in September 1885, framing a new constitution and submitted it to the vote of the people, who ratified it with an overwhelming vote. Conventions favoring division of Dakota into two states were also held in
2291-497: The Downtown Development Authority. The Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities is owned by the city but is semi-autonomous. Public education in all of the city of Cheyenne is provided by Laramie County School District #1 . The district is served by four high schools, Central High on the northwest side, East High on the east side, South High on the south side, and Triumph High, also on the south side. Cheyenne
2370-500: The Indians to sign. A new commission was appointed in April 1889 that included veteran Indian fighter general George Crook . Crook pulled out all the stops to get the Indians to sign, using many underhand tactics. He threatened them that if they did not sign, the land would be taken anyway and they would get nothing. This would not have been seen as an idle threat; the treaty had been ignored in
2449-682: The Paul Smith Children's Village at the Gardens), paddle boat rentals in Lions Park (summers only), cemeteries, forestry operations, community house, Youth Activity Center and a miniature golf park. The Cheyenne Parks and Recreation Department also operates a 37 miles (60 kilometers) Greater Cheyenne Greenway system. The greenway connects parks and neighborhoods of greater Cheyenne. It includes many bridges and underpasses where travelers can avoid high traffic roads and travel above waterways and drainages. It
Black Hills gold rush - Misplaced Pages Continue
2528-627: The Territory of Wyoming was admitted to the Union as the State of Wyoming . The Wyoming State Capitol was constructed between 1886 and 1890, with further improvements being completed in 1917. The Cheyenne Regional Airport was opened in 1920, initially serving as a stop for airmail . It soon developed into a civil-military airport, serving DC-3s and various military craft. During World War II, hundreds of B-17s , B-24s , and PBYs were outfitted and upgraded at
2607-729: The U.S. Senate, put on pressure to divide Dakota into two states. With two senators from each state, the Republicans would gain four more senate seats in Congress. After defeating Democratic President Grover Cleveland in the 1888 election, they celebrated by splitting the Republican-dominated Dakota into two territories and admitting both of them as states. Today, there are still two Dakotas because Gilded Age Republicans wanted four senators instead of just two. In their eagerness to admit both Dakotas, congressmen also ignored that much of
2686-602: The Union Pacific Railroad reached Cheyenne on November 13, 1867, and the first train arrived the following day. Cheyenne grew so quickly it gained the nickname of "Magic City of the Plains". On September 8, 1867, the United States Army established Fort D.A. Russell in honor of Brigadier General David Allen Russell . Initially a cavalry encampment , construction of the fort began the following month. The fort
2765-519: The United States and favoured statehood for Dakota. In order to become a state, a territory was required to have a population of at least 60,000. In 1889, southern Dakota had a population of over 340,000, and northern Dakota had a population of over 150,000 so Congress is said to have decided that it was finally time to grant statehood. But in reality, the Republican Party, which wanted more power in
2844-500: The airfield. Today, it serves a number of military functions, and as a high-altitude testbed for civilian craft. Lying near the southeast corner of the state, Cheyenne is one of the least centrally located state capitals in the nation (together with cities such as Carson City, Nevada ; Juneau, Alaska ; Tallahassee, Florida ; Topeka, Kansas ; and Trenton, New Jersey ). According to the United States Census Bureau ,
2923-410: The average window for freezing temperatures being September 29 thru May 14, allowing a growing season of 106 days. Official record temperatures range from −38 °F (−39 °C) on January 9, 1875, up to 100 °F (38 °C) on June 23, 1954, the last of four occurrences; the record cold daily maximum is −21 °F (−29 °C) on January 11, 1963, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum
3002-467: The capital far from the majority of the population fueled more resentment from the south. As the southern part which was anxious for statehood so they could have their own capital, had already crossed the 60,000 population necessary for statehood, and so, in September,1883, they held a convention, where they drafted a state constitution and submitted it to the voters. It was approved by the electors and submitted to Congress. A bill providing for statehood of
3081-426: The city has a total area of 24.63 square miles (63.79 km ), of which 24.52 square miles (63.51 km ) is land and 0.11 square miles (0.28 km ) is water. Cheyenne, like much of Wyoming, has a cold semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ) and is part of USDA Hardiness zone 5b, with the suburbs falling in zone 5a. Winters are cold and moderately long, but relatively dry with highs often above freezing, having
3160-403: The coach with them. After he left, the outlaws tied the driver to one of the coach's wheels, opened the safe with a sledge hammer and chisels, divided the loot, and rode off in different directions. Aroused citizens in the area organized manhunts, and the stage company offered a $ 2,500 reward. Several suspects were lynched , others were convicted at trial on various counts, and more than half of
3239-418: The concentrate to mercury that would amalgamate or mix with the gold. Miners call this kind of gold extraction free milling. Gold existed elsewhere in the Black Hills, but it was not in a state suitable for free-milling. In these conditions, gold was chemically bound to the rock, and very difficult to remove. It was called refractory gold ore. For many years, the Homestake operated as the only major gold mine in
Black Hills gold rush - Misplaced Pages Continue
3318-424: The concerns back to Washington. Crook lied about how many signatures he already had, giving the impression that the signature he was currently asking for would make no difference. He said that those who did not sign would not get a share of the money for the land. Crook even allowed white men who had married Sioux to sign, a dubious action given that the blood quantum laws only counted full-blood Indians as members of
3397-699: The entire Territory as a single state. Still another provided for all of the Territory east of the Missouri River to become a single state, the balance to be organized as Lincoln or North Dakota Territory. Other bills were introduced in 1887 and 1888, but failed to pass. The Territorial Legislature of 1887 submitted the question of division to a popular vote at the general election of November 1887. When full returns of this election finally came in on January 10, 1888, 37,784 favored division and 32,913 were opposed. In 1889, Republican Benjamin Harrison became president of
3476-610: The face of opposition from Sioux leaders and even government worker Elaine Goodale , later Superintendent of Indian Education for the Dakotas. The government believed that the Dawes Act (1887), which attempted to move the Indians from hunting to farming, in theory, meant that they needed less land (but in reality was an economic disaster for them) and that at least half was available for sale. Congress approved an offer of $ 1.25 per acre ($ 3.1/ha) for reservation land (a figure they had previously rejected as outrageously high) and $ 25,000 to induce
3555-814: The first time in the history of the ancient Burmese combat sport of Lethwei to be held in North America. The event was held at the Outlaw Saloon and was sanctioned by the World Lethwei Federation in partnership with the Wyoming Combat Sports Commission. As of 2024, Wyoming is the first and only US State to have legalized Lethwei in its territory. The Cheyenne Community Recreation and Events Department operates an Ice and Events center, swimming pool, spray park, skateboard park, two golf courses, Cheyenne Botanic Gardens (including
3634-551: The gold was eventually recovered. The Black Hills gold rush forms the background of the HBO series Deadwood . Dakota Territory The Territory of Dakota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889, when the final extent of the reduced territory was split and admitted to the Union as the states of North and South Dakota . The Dakota Territory consisted of
3713-467: The gold-mining possibilities of the Black Hills. Prospectors found gold in 1874 near present-day Custer, South Dakota , but the deposit turned out to be small. The large placer gold deposits of Deadwood Gulch were discovered in November 1875, and in 1876, thousands of gold-seekers flocked to the new town of Deadwood , although it was still within Native American land. The tale of first gold discovery in
3792-454: The high hill". While it may seem unlikely that someone who has "lost my gun and nothing to eat and Indians hunting me" would take the time to carve his story in sandstone, there is corroborating historical evidence for the Ezra Kind party. Many of the miners came up the Missouri River from Kansas and eventually returned there. The Black Hills gold rush began in 1874. The first arrivals were
3871-464: The indigenous population. The railroad also connected the northern and southern parts to different hubs – the northern part, via Fargo and Bismarck became closer tied to the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area, while the southern part became closer tied to Sioux City and from there to Omaha . Politically, territorial legislators were appointed by the federal government, and tended to remain in
3950-465: The land in the anticipated state of South Dakota belonged to the Sioux. Perhaps, the capital change from Yankton to Bismarck can also be explained by the fact that Yankton was located in southern South Dakota on the territory's border with Nebraska while Bismarck, whose community had recently grown due to the arrival of the Transcontinental railway , had a relatively better central location near
4029-470: The latter two were expected to vote Republican so this was seen as a compromise acceptable to both parties. However, the Republicans won majorities in both the House and the Senate later that year. To head off the possibility that Congress might only admit Republican territories to statehood, the Democrats agreed to a less favorable deal in which Dakota was divided in two and New Mexico was left out altogether. Cleveland signed it into law on February 22, 1889, and
SECTION 50
#17328518491224108-419: The miners stumbled across Deadwood and Whitewood Creeks in the northern Black Hills. For the initial discoverers, each spade of earth revealed a veritable fortune in gold. By 1876, miners had claimed all the land around the creeks. Although all the land was claimed, thousands more flocked in, hoping to find a missed spot. The gold the miners had found was placer gold , loose gold pieces that were mixed in with
4187-405: The northern section, one in 1887 at Fargo, and another in 1888, at Jamestown. Both adopted provisions memorializing Congress to divide the territory and admit both North and South Dakota as states. Various bills were introduced in Congress on the matter; one in 1885 to admit South Dakota as a state, and organize the northern half as Lincoln Territory. Another bill introduced in 1886, proposed to admit
4266-586: The northernmost part of the land acquired in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, as well as the southernmost part of Rupert's Land , which was acquired in 1818 when the boundary was changed to the 49th parallel. The name refers to the Dakota branch of the Sioux tribes which occupied the area at the time. Most of Dakota Territory was formerly part of the Minnesota and Nebraska territories. When Minnesota became
4345-521: The past when the Black Hills were taken from the Sioux. Crook ignored leaders like Sitting Bull and Red Cloud who opposed the sale and kept them out of the negotiations, preferring instead to deal with moderate leaders like American Horse . American Horse, however, claimed immediately afterwards that he had been tricked into signing. Crook made many personal promises (such as on reservation rations) which he had no authority to make, or ability to keep. He claimed afterwards that he had only agreed to report
4424-465: The possible total) of sunshine annually. On July 16, 1979, an F3 tornado struck Cheyenne, causing one death and 40 injuries. It was the most destructive tornado in Wyoming history. See or edit raw graph data . In 2020, Cheyenne had a total population of 65,132. As of the census of 2010, there were 59,467 people, 25,558 households, and 15,270 families living in the city. The population density
4503-452: The poverty line. In 2010, there were 25,558 households, of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.3% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
4582-418: The previous year, the omnibus bill created three new Republican states and one new Democratic state that Republicans thought they would capture. A tree in the open field, the trunk of which is surrounded by a bundle of rods, bound with three bands; on the right plow, anvil, sledge, rake and fork; on the left, bow crossed with three arrows; Indian on horseback pursuing a buffalo toward the setting sun; foliage of
4661-565: The racial makeup of the city was 87.44% White , 2.88% African American , 0.96% Native American , 1.24% Asian , 0.20% Pacific Islander , 4.0% from other races , and 3.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.45% of the population. At the 2005–2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates, the city's population was 87.2% White (79.3% non-Hispanic White alone), 12.7% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 4.5% Black or African American, 2.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.1% Asian and 6.4% from some other race. In 2000,
4740-463: The racial makeup of the city was 88.1% White, 2.8% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.4% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. 12.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Cheyenne Frontier Days , which is held over ten days centered around the last full week in July, is known as the largest outdoor rodeo and western festival in
4819-410: The region only while they served their terms. The larger population of the southern region began to resent them, while the northerners tended to emphasize that it was cheaper to be a territory, with the federal government funding a wide range of state functions. The territorial governor Nehemiah G. Ordway moved the territorial capital from Yankton to Bismarck in 1883. The capital grab, which moved
SECTION 60
#17328518491224898-405: The rocks and soil around streams. Most good prospectors knew that this placer gold was eroded from hard-rock deposits. So while many still flocked to Deadwood, others looked for the hard-rock deposits that were the source of the placer gold. On April 9, 1876, Fred and Moses Manuel, Hank Harney and Alex Engh discovered a gold outcropping near Lead, South Dakota ; they claimed their find and named it
4977-503: The settlements following the Dakota War of 1862 which triggered hostilities with the Sioux tribes of Dakota Territory. The Department of the Northwest sent expeditions into Dakota Territory in 1863, 1864 and 1865. It also established forts in Dakota Territory to protect the frontier settlements of the Territory, Iowa and Minnesota and the traffic along the Missouri River . Following
5056-417: The southern parts of the territory were present since the beginning. The southern part was always more populated, in the 1880 Census, the southern part had a population of 98,268, two and a half times the northern part's 36,909. The southern part also considered the north to be somewhat disreputable, "too much controlled by the wild folks, cattle ranchers, fur traders” and too frequently the site of conflict with
5135-536: The temporary territorial capital. Cheyenne has remained the only capital of Wyoming. On December 10, 1869, the first session of the Wyoming Territorial Legislature met in Cheyenne. That day, the legislature passed and Territorial Governor Campbell signed an act to re-incorporate the Town of Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, and an act granting women the right to vote , the first U.S. state or territory to grant suffrage to women. On July 10, 1890,
5214-415: The territories could become states nine months after that. There had been previous attempts to open up the territory, but these had foundered because the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) required that 75 percent of Sioux adult males on the reservation had to agree to any treaty change. Most recently, a commission headed by Richard Henry Pratt in 1888 had completely failed to get the necessary signatures in
5293-414: The territory's main cash crop. Economic hardship hit the territory in the 1880s due to lower wheat prices and a drought. There are two conflicting narratives on why the Dakota Territory was divided and given statehood. One narrative suggests that it was due to regionalist tensions while the other suggests that it was a political play by Gilded Age Republicans. Regionalist tensions between the northern and
5372-520: The tree arched by half circle of thirteen stars, surrounded by the motto: " Liberty and Union, one and inseparable, now and forever ", the words "Great Seal" at the top, and at the bottom, "Dakota Territory"; on the left, "March 2"; on the right, "1861". Seal 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches [64 mm] in diameter. 46°N 104°W / 46°N 104°W / 46; -104 Cheyenne, Wyoming Cheyenne ( / ʃ aɪ ˈ æ n / shy- AN or / ʃ aɪ ˈ ɛ n / shy- EN )
5451-437: The tribe. By August 6, 1889, Crook had the requisite number of signatures, half the reservation land was sold, and the remainder divided among six smaller reservations. On February 22, 1889, outgoing President Cleveland signed an omnibus bill that divided the Territory of Dakota in half. North Dakota and South Dakota became states simultaneously on November 2, 1889. President Harrison had the papers shuffled to obscure which one
5530-404: The world. The events include professional bull riding, calf roping, barrel racing, steer wrestling, team roping, bronc riding, steer roping, bareback riding, and many others. During this week there are many parades and other events. Additionally there is a carnival with numerous rides, games, and shops. The festival has been held since 1897. Over fifty different locations in Cheyenne are listed on
5609-413: Was 2,425.2 inhabitants per square mile (936.4/km ). There were 27,284 housing units at an average density of 1,112.7 per square mile (429.6/km ). As of the census of 2000, there were 53,011 people, 22,324 households, 14,175 families living in the city, and 81,607 people living in the metropolitan statistical area making it the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Wyoming. The population density
5688-497: Was 2,511.4 inhabitants per square mile (969.6/km ). There were 23,782 housing units at an average density of 1,126.7 per square mile (435.0/km ). At the 2019 American Community Survey , the city had an owner-occupied housing rate of 65.9% with a median value at $ 214,300. There were 27,344 households from 2015 to 2019, and an average of 2.20 persons per household. Residents of Cheyenne had a median household income of $ 64,598 and per capita of $ 35,637. An estimated 10.4% lived at or below
5767-433: Was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.92. In 2000, there were 22,324 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
5846-515: Was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.93. The median age in the city was 36.5 years at the 2010 census. Twenty-four percent of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% were from 45 to 64; and 13.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female. In 2000, 24.9% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% 65 years of age or older. The median age
5925-404: Was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 38,856, and the median income for a family was $ 46,771. Males had a median income of $ 32,286 versus $ 24,529 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,809. About 6.3% of families and 8.8% of the population were below
6004-462: Was founded in the Dakota Territory . Along with Oklahoma City , Oklahoma and Topeka , Kansas , Cheyenne is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name. Cheyenne is the northern terminus of the extensive Southern Rocky Mountain Front , which extends southward to Albuquerque , New Mexico , and includes the fast-growing Front Range Urban Corridor . Cheyenne
6083-421: Was originally organized around the fur trade . Furs were carried by steamboat along the rivers to the settlements. Gold was discovered in the Black Hills in 1874 and attracted more settlers, setting off the last Sioux War . The population surge increased the demand for meat spurring expanded cattle ranching on the territory's vast open ranges. With the advent of the railroad agriculture intensified: wheat became
6162-530: Was renamed Fort Francis E. Warren in 1930 in honor of the first Governor of the State of Wyoming , Francis E. Warren . The fort was transferred to the new United States Air Force and was renamed Francis E. Warren Air Force Base in October 1949. On July 25, 1868, the United States organized the Territory of Wyoming . Territorial Governor John Allen Campbell arrived in Cheyenne on May 7, 1869, and named Cheyenne
6241-545: Was signed first and the order went unrecorded. The bill also enabled the people in the new Territories of North Dakota and South Dakota, as well as the older territories of Montana and Washington, to write state constitutions and elect state governments. The four new states would be admitted into the Union in nine months. This plan cut Democratic New Mexico out of statehood and split Republican Dakota Territory into two new Republican states. Rather than two new Republican states and two new Democratic states that Congress had considered
#121878