Misplaced Pages

#551448

89-739: The Becker Psalter is a German metrical psalter authored by the Leipzig theologian Cornelius Becker and first published by Jakob Apel in Leipzig in 1602 under the title Der Psalter Davids Gesangweis . Several composers set the psalms contained in the volume, notably Heinrich Schütz , whose four-part chorales were published in 1628 and revised and expanded in 1661. Becker included in his Psalter earlier Lutheran paraphrases of psalms , such as " Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir ", " Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein ", " Erbarm dich mein ", " Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott " and " An Wasserflüssen Babylon ". The 1602 publication, titled Der Psalter Dauids Gesangweis ,

178-652: A "preoccupation with activities inside the church", as well as a lack of literature and programs on the subject. For these reasons, attempts to link faith and daily life "fizzled out". For Miller, "hindsight suggests that the institutional church and its leaders never fully embraced or understood lay ministry". Therefore, they stopped promoting the "ministry of the laity" concept to their members. Miller deems "Faith at Work" to be "a bona fide social movement and here to stay". Unlike earlier movements, business people (from evangelical and mainline Protestant denominations, Roman Catholics, Jews, Buddhists, and unaffiliated) initiated

267-514: A Biblical translation had been repudiated by the Church of England . A flowering of English hymnody had occurred under writers such as Isaac Watts and Charles Wesley , but their hymns were freed from the stricture that each verse had to be a translation of a scriptural text. Attitudes towards the Biblical text itself had also changed, with closer emphasis being paid on its exact phrasing. This new regard for

356-801: A basic tune with the Anglo-Genevan edition of 1556. John Day 's The Whole Book of Psalmes (1562) contained sixty-five psalm tunes.) Crowley also included a calendar for calculating feast days as in the Book of Common Prayer , to which Crowley's psalter appears to be intended as a supplement. The music provided in Crowley's psalter is similar to the Gregorian tones of the Latin Sarum Rite psalter, and it can be found in Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians . A single note

445-506: A church council called a vestry which manages church finances and elects the parish rector . Parish musicians, bookkeepers, administrative assistants, sextons , sacristans , etc., are all roles normally filled by lay persons. At higher levels, diocesan and national offices rely on lay persons in many important areas of responsibility. Often specialized ministries as campus ministers, youth ministers, or hospital chaplains are performed by lay persons. Lay persons serve in worship services in

534-515: A completely new translation. It is available in words only, and in staff and sol-fa split-leaf formats. The Canadian Reformed Churches have published and sing from Book of Praise , the Anglo-Genevan Psalter (1961, 1972, 1984, 2014), containing English versifications for all the Genevan tunes. In 2015 Premier Printing published New Genevan Psalter which consists of the 150 Psalms as found in

623-663: A family, farmers, bank tellers, drivers, by doing their jobs in the world with a Christian spirit are already extending the Kingdom of God. According to the repeated statements of Popes and lay Catholic leaders, the laity should say "we are the Church," in the same way that the saints said that "Christ lives in me." Lay involvement takes diverse forms, including participation in the life of the parish, confraternities , lay apostolates , secular institutes , and lay ecclesial movements . There are also lay ecclesiastical ministries , and where there

712-452: A group (called a circuit ) of preaching houses or churches. The lay preacher walked or rode on horseback in a prescribed circuit of the preaching places according to an agreed pattern and timing, and people came to the meetings. After the appointment of ministers and pastors, this lay preaching tradition continued with local preachers being appointed by individual churches, and in turn approved and invited by nearby churches, as an adjunct to

801-692: A local parochial church council , through Deanery Synods and Diocesan Synods . At the topmost level, the General Synod includes a house of Laity. Likewise, in the Episcopal Church in the USA, the General Convention includes four lay persons from each diocese in the House of Deputies, and each diocesan convention includes lay delegates from the parishes. On the local parish level, lay persons are elected to

890-699: A long section of prose prayers largely drawn from the English Forme of Prayers used in Geneva. Sternhold and Hopkins wrote almost all of their Psalms in the "common" or ballad metre . Their versions were quite widely circulated at the time; copies of the Sternhold and Hopkins psalter were bound with many editions of the Geneva Bible , and their versions of the Psalms were used in many churches. The Sternhold and Hopkins psalter

979-534: A matter of private devotion unless given a musical setting for trained choirs or for congregational singing. Rather than iambic pentameter, in England and Scotland in the 16th and 17th centuries, the overwhelming preference in rural congregations was for iambic tetrameters (8s) and iambic trimeters (6s), ridiculed in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream , in which Nick Bottom and the other "rude mechanicals" obsess over

SECTION 10

#1732849068552

1068-513: A more incisive female presence in the Church". The "missionary transformation of the Church" is seen by some as "the goal of this pontificate", with all the baptized becoming "missionary disciples", The Orthodox Church in America 's web site has eleven articles regarding its Theology of Lay Ministries. The term "lay ministries" refers to all the "people of God" (from the Greek laos tou Theou ) including

1157-608: A number of important positions, including vergers , acolytes , lectors , intercessors , ushers . Acolytes include torch bearers, crucifers , thurifers , and boat bearers . Lectors read the lessons from the Bible appointed for the day (except for the Gospel reading, which is read by a Deacon), and may also lead the Prayers of the People. Some specialized lay ministries require special licensing by

1246-578: A quarter (102) of the Protestant hymn book from 1998 in German Switzerland. Another German psalter is the Becker Psalter . The first complete English metrical psalter and the first to include musical notation was The Psalter of Dauid newely translated into Englysh metre in such sort that it maye the more decently, and wyth more delyte of the mynde, be reade and songe of al men . Printed in 1549, it

1335-501: A war that contradicted its optimism about Christianizing society. The Social Gospel was promulgated by the preaching, writing, and other efforts of clergy on behalf of the laity rather than by the laity themselves. In the early 1930s, the Social Gospel was described as "a preacher's gospel. It has not been the church's gospel. The laity have little share in it." Many were not aware what their clergy believed. Most scholars hold that

1424-473: Is "through their continuous participation in political, economic, educational, and kinship institutions" that the laity "powerfully influence the character of these institutions". Laymen also play important roles in the structures of the church. There are elected lay representatives on the various governing bodies of churches in the Anglican communion. In the Church of England , these governing bodies range from

1513-576: Is a priest shortage , lay people have to take on some functions previously performed by priests. In December 1977, "A Chicago Declaration of Christian Concern" was published. The declaration looked back a decade to the Vatican Council II with appreciation for its "compelling vision of lay Christians in society." As the Declaration interpreted it, the Council viewed the laity's "special vocation" as being

1602-429: Is given for each syllable in each verse, in keeping with Archbishop Thomas Cranmer 's mandate for the reformed Edwardian liturgy . The goal was to emphasize simplicity and to encourage attentiveness to what was being sung by omitting complex vocal ornamentation. In addition to the Psalms, Crowley's psalter includes English versions of the canticles Benedictus , Magnificat , Nunc Dimittis , and Benedicite , as well as

1691-618: Is incorporated in the Dutch hymnbook; Liedboek voor de kerken of 1973. The Genevan Psalms were translated into German by Ambrosius Lobwasser (1515–1585) in 1573 "Psalter des königlichen Propheten Davids" and were sung a capella to Goudimel's harmonies for over two centuries. The Lobwasser psalms are still in use in the Amish congregations in North America, who took them with the Swiss Hymnbooks to

1780-539: Is secularity: they are Christians who live the life of Christ in the world. Their role is to sanctify the created world by directing it to become more Christian in its structures and systems: "the laity, by their very vocation, seek the kingdom of God by engaging in temporal affairs and by ordering them according to the plan of God". The laity are full members of the Church, fully share in Church's purpose of sanctification, of "inner union of men with God", acting with freedom and personal responsibility and not as mere agents of

1869-577: Is ψαλλετω. Some other versions give more general translations such as "sing praise" in the ESV .) Another key reference is Colossians 3 :16 "Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly as you teach and admonish one another with all wisdom, and as you sing psalms, hymns and spiritual songs with gratitude in your hearts to God." The need was felt to have metrical vernacular versions of the Psalms and other Scripture texts, suitable to sing to metrical tunes and even popular song forms. Following an interpretation of

SECTION 20

#1732849068552

1958-457: The New Version of the Psalms of David was the work of Nahum Tate (who was later named poet laureate ) and Nicholas Brady . A second edition was published in 1698, and supplements were issued in 1700, 1702, 1704 (twice) and 1708. Their Augustan version shows somewhat more polish than the 17th century versions. The hymn Through all the changing scenes of life is the setting of Psalm 34 from

2047-614: The Auburn Theological Seminary wrote a retrospective of the Ministry of the Laity era based on research and survey. His research participants were women and men in equal numbers, aged 20 to 60, from six denominations. Reber found that "all were really interested to link faith with their daily life and work". However, in his survey, Reber found that little had been done in the six denominations to enable laity to make this link. He observed

2136-649: The Five Precepts (or the Eight Precepts during Uposatha Days ) as discipline for ethical conduct. Laymen and laywomen are two of the "Four-fold Assembly". The Buddha referred to his disciples as the "Four-fold Assembly" – the gatherings of 'bhikkhū' (monks), 'bhikkhunī' (nuns), 'upasakā' (laymen), and 'upasikā' (laywomen). In the Mahāparinibbāna Sutta , the Buddha famously said that "He would not pass away until

2225-609: The Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland , and other Reformed churches of the Scottish tradition maintain this practice. During the pre-reformation days, it was not customary for lay members of a church's congregation to communally sing hymns. Singing was done by the priests and other clergy ; communal singing of Gregorian chant was the function of professional choirs, or among communities of monks and nuns . The reformers, perhaps inspired by Erasmus's desire for all to know

2314-465: The Methodist Church of Great Britain , a "worship leader" is a trained lay person appointed by a Church Council to "take a leading and significant role in the conduct of worship within the life of a Local Church". Presbyterians do not use the term "lay". Thus the Church of Scotland has "Readers", men and women set apart by presbyteries to conduct public worship. This arises out of the belief in

2403-704: The Nunc Dimittis , appeared in 1562. The French psalms were set to melodies that were harmonized and altered for congregational singing. Music for the Genevan Psalter was furnished by Loys Bourgeois and others like Guillaume Franc and a certain Maistre Pierre. The composer Claude Goudimel harmonized these melodies with great variation in the complexity of the music. In some cases each part matches note for note, while others are contrapuntal or even motets . Even more elaborate musical arrangements were composed in

2492-536: The RPCNA , again for the purposes of making the words more modern, and also to replace some of the more difficult-to-sing tunes, such as Psalm 62B, with tunes that are easier to sing. The new edition, The Book of Psalms for Worship , was released in 2009. The Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland , however, produced a split-leaf version of the Scots Metrical Psalter , but with additional "Alternative versions" of

2581-423: The Scots Metrical Psalter , with the intention of making the words more modern and the translation more accurate. These were produced in 1889 (a split-leaf brown book), 1911 (unpopular due to musical complexity), 1920 (a green book) and 1929 (also green, an expanded version of the 1920 one), 1950 (a blue book), and 1973 (a maroon one) called The Book of Psalms for Singing . A further revision has been undertaken by

2670-591: The Scottish Metrical Psalter , to be used throughout the Church of Scotland . This showed some improvements, but ballad metre remained ubiquitous: One of the most widely known hymns in Christian worship, " The Lord's my Shepherd ", is a translation of Psalm 23 appearing in the 1650 Scottish Psalter. But by the time better metrical psalms were made in English, the belief that every hymn sung in church had to be

2759-802: The Te Deum and the Quicumque Vult . These are the Cantica Prophetarium retained in the Book of Common Prayer from the Sarum psalter — key parts of the Divine Office . Crowley's lyrics are mainly based on Leo Jud 's Biblia Sacrosancta , which was in turn a fresh translation from the Hebrew that maintained fidelity to its lyrical arrangement. Crowley rendered all the psalms in simple iambic fourteeners which conform to

Becker Psalter - Misplaced Pages Continue

2848-599: The hymn tunes from the Genevan Psalter and consisted of a literal translation of Marot and Beza 's French translation. The Dutch psalter was revised on orders of the Dutch legislature in 1773, in a revision which also added non-paraphrase hymns to the collection. This psalter also continues in use among the Reformed community of the Netherlands, and was recently revised in 1985. In 1968 a new metrical psalmbook appeared, which

2937-585: The priesthood of all believers . Ministers are officially 'teaching elders' alongside the 'ruling elders' of the Kirk Session and have equivalent status, regardless of any other office. In the Church of Scotland, as the Established church in Scotland, this gives ruling elders in congregations the same status as Queen's chaplains, professors of theology and other highly qualified ministers. All are humble servants of

3026-563: The regulative principle of worship , many Reformed churches adopted the doctrine of exclusive psalmody : every hymn sung in worship must be an actual translation of a Psalm or some other Biblical passage. Some Reformed churches, especially the Calvinists, rejected the use of instrumental music and organs in church, preferring to sing all of the music a cappella . Even today, the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America ,

3115-654: The "Four-fold Assembly" is well-established in the learning and practice of Dhamma, and proficient in propagating His Sublime Teachings." The movement to help laity apply their faith to daily life has been divided into three eras by David W. Miller in God at Work . The Social Gospel sought to reform society by the application of biblical principles. Its major proponents were all clergy: Washington Gladden , Charles Monroe Sheldon , and Walter Rauschenbusch . They were better in diagnosing society's ills than finding remedies. The Social Gospel reached its peak just prior to World War I,

3204-509: The "leaven" for the "sanctification of the world" in their "secular professions and occupations". However, lamented the Declaration, the council's vision has "all but vanished" from the church. The Declaration was signed by forty-seven clergy, religious, and laity that included men and women in many occupations, and it served as the charter for the National Center for the Laity (NCL). The NCL helps lay Catholics respond to their call to change

3293-616: The 1640s, the English Parliamentarians Francis Rous and William Barton both authored their own metrical paraphrases. Their translations were scrutinised by the Westminster Assembly and heavily edited. Rous's original version of Psalm 24 read: After much alteration, a much-altered translation based on Rous's work was approved by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and published in 1650 as

3382-635: The Anglican and Episcopal churches is lay reader . In the Uniting Church in Australia , that was constituted in part from the Methodist Church, persons can be appointed by the congregation as a lay preacher or by the regional presbytery to preside at Communion . The Methodist Book of Discipline describes the "Ministry of the Laity" in their daily lives as being "Christ-like examples of everyday living" and "sharing their own faith experiences". In

3471-509: The Book of Praise as well as the Ten Commandments and the Songs of Mary, Zechariah and Simeon. A split-leaf psalter (sometimes known as a " Dutch door " psalter) is a book of Psalms in metrical form, in which each page is cut in half at the middle, so that the top half of the pages can be turned separately from the bottom half. The top half usually contains the tunes, and the bottom half contains

3560-400: The Church sacred ministers who in law are also called clerics; the other members of the Christian faithful are called lay persons. There are members of the Christian faithful from both these groups who, through the profession of the evangelical counsels by means of vows or other sacred bonds recognized and sanctioned by the Church, are consecrated to God in their own special way and contribute to

3649-406: The Church. These faithful are by baptism made one body with Christ and are constituted among the People of God; they are in their own way made sharers in the priestly, prophetical, and kingly functions of Christ; and they carry out for their own part the mission of the whole Christian people in the Church and in the world. In this narrower sense, the Council taught that the laity's specific character

Becker Psalter - Misplaced Pages Continue

3738-484: The Countess of Pembroke, completed the translation of the final two-thirds of the psalter. Together they used a dazzling array of stanza forms and rhyme schemes—as many as 145 different forms for the 150 psalms. The Sidney Psalter was not published in its complete form until the twentieth century, but it was widely read in manuscript, and influenced such later poets as John Donne and George Herbert . However, poetry remains

3827-467: The French Psalter were brought together from two independent sources: the poet Clément Marot and the theologian Théodore de Bèze . Marot and Beza's psalms appeared in a number of different collections, published between 1533 and 1543; in the latter year Marot published Cinquante Pseaumes , a collection of 50 psalms rendered into French verse. The full psalter containing all 150 canonical Psalms, plus

3916-506: The Genevan editions and many new psalms by John Hopkins, Thomas Norton , and John Markant to make up The Whole Booke of Psalmes, Collected into English Meter . In addition to metrical versions of all 150 psalms, the volume included versified versions of the Apostles' Creed , the Magnificat , and other biblical passages or Christian texts, as well as several non-scriptural versified prayers and

4005-625: The New Version, and As pants the hart for cooling streams is a setting of Psalm 42. Isaac Watts produced a metrical psalter, in which he breaks out of the ballad metre in his 1719 The Psalms of David, Imitated in the Language of the New Testament, and Apply'd to the Christian State and Worship , which, as the title indicates, was intended as an interpretation rather than a strict translation of

4094-838: The New World. The music edition of 1576 was reprinted in 2004, which was a result of the International Psalm Symposion in Emden . In 1798 the German pastor in Den Haag Matthias Jorissen gave out his: "Neue Bereimung der Psalmen" which replaced the old-fashioned psalm book for nearly 200 years. The present Hymnbook (1996) of the Evangelical-reformed Churches and the Old Reformed Churches of Germany contains

4183-424: The Scottish Highland Presbyterian Churches where the practice of lining out is used, in accordance with the Westminster Assembly of Divines Directory for Public Worship. The corpus of tunes has shrunk over the years with only about twenty-four in general use. Many churches continue to use metrical psalters today. For example, the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA) produced psalm books based on

4272-563: The Social Gospel movement peaked between 1900 and World War I. There is less agreement about when and why the decline happened. The Ministry of the Laity in daily life premise was stated by Howard Grimes in his The Rebirth of the Laity . "Although it is not alone through our daily work that we exercise our call, there is a special sense in which we do so in that area, since so much of our lives are spent in our occupations as lawyer, doctor, manual laborer, skilled craftsmen, housewife, domestic servant, student, serviceman." In 1988, Dean Reber of

4361-434: The Sternhold and Hopkins psalter "obsolete and contemptible," "an absolute travesty," and "entirely destitute of elegance, spirit, and propriety." In 1819, Thomas Campbell condemned their "worst taste" and "flat and homely phrasing." In 1757, John Wesley described the verse of Sternhold and Hopkins as "scandalous doggerel". Sternhold and Hopkins render the beginning of the 24th Psalm in this way: First published in 1696,

4450-460: The United Methodist Church (more commonly in the United States) attend a series of training sessions. These training sessions prepare the individual to become a leader within the church. All individuals who are full members of the church are laity, but some go on to become Lay Speakers. Some preachers get their start as Lay Speakers. Local preachers lead the majority of church services in the Methodist Church of Great Britain . The comparable term in

4539-409: The age of 12 who are judged by church leaders to be in good standing are ordained to an office of the priesthood and hold various positions in the church. Most church positions at the local level are unpaid, but the LDS church helps with the living expenses of top church leaders and some others (e.g. mission presidents ). Many top church leaders serve in these positions after long secular careers. With

SECTION 50

#1732849068552

4628-414: The bishop: the ministries which require a license vary from province to province. In the Episcopal Church, there are six specialized lay ministries requiring a license: Pastoral Leader, Worship Leader, Preacher, Eucharistic Minister, Eucharistic Visitor, and Catechist. An early tradition of preaching in the Methodist churches was for a lay preacher to be appointed to lead services of worship and preach in

4717-399: The complete psalter with many psalms of Matthias Jorissen and other authors. It was an important decision of the synods to retain the psalms in the hymnbook with the Genevan tunes. The need and interest in the complete Jorissen- Psalter led to different new editions in 1931, 1951 and 2006. The last one was given out for singing of the people and not for scientific use only. Today, psalms make up

4806-442: The exception of members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles , the First Quorum of the Seventy who are at the top of the church hierarchy, and patriarchs , all leadership positions are temporary. In Buddhism , a lay Buddhist is known as an upasakā (masc.) or upasikā (fem.). Buddhist laypeople take refuge in the Triple Gem the Buddha , Dhamma (His Teachings ), and Sangha (His community of Noble Disciples ) and accept

4895-410: The faith at work movement and support it because they want to connect their work and their faith. Management training often includes a faith dimension. Examples of various kinds of faith at work initiatives follow: Some faith at work initiatives focus not on work itself but on the workplace as a "mission field". In this "business as missions" concept, faith at work means "reaching people for Christ in

4984-419: The hierarchy. Due to their baptism , they are members of God's family, the Church, and they grow in intimate union with God, "in" and "by means" of the world. It is not a matter of departing from the world as the monks and the nuns do that they sanctify themselves; it is precisely through the material world sanctified by the coming of the God made flesh, i.e. made material, that they reach God. Doctors, mothers of

5073-406: The laity as the "people of God" between those who are ordained priests and those not ordained is one of cooperation in three areas: (1) in the Liturgy , (2) Church administration, and (3) service (ministry) to others. In spite of the church's teaching about the ministry of the laity in the world, the church gives more recognition to ministry within the institutional church. The "daily ministry" of

5162-455: The laity in their work, in their homes, and in their recreation remains hidden. Priests may intend to support their parishioners' daily ministry, but their priority tends to be recruiting volunteers for the church's programs. In the Anglican tradition, all baptized persons are expected to minister in Christ's name. The orders of ministry are thus laypersons, licensed lay ministers (or readers), deacons, priests, and bishops. The ministry of

5251-405: The laity is "to represent Christ and his Church; to bear witness to him wherever they may be; and, according to the gifts given them, to carry on Christ's work of reconciliation in the world; and to take their place in the life, worship, and governance of the Church". Much of the ministry of the laity thus takes place outside official church structures in homes, workplaces, schools, and elsewhere. It

5340-418: The laity. The Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) devoted its decree on the apostolate of the laity Apostolicam actuositatem and chapter IV of its dogmatic constitution Lumen gentium to the laity in a sense narrower than that which is normal in the Catholic Church . The normal definition of laity is that given in the Code of Canon Law : By divine institution, there are among the Christian faithful in

5429-469: The lay apostolate in the world". Pope Francis is quoted as confirming this lament. Priests tend to "clericalize the laity" and view their ministry as only "within the Church," discounting their "workaday" ministry. From the start of his papacy Francis called for structural change in the Church which will foster the responsibility of the laity now held "at the edge of the decisions" by  "excessive clericalism", and to "create still broader opportunities for

SECTION 60

#1732849068552

5518-416: The letter of the Biblical text diminished the appeal of the psalters' previous versions; those who sang them no longer felt they were singing Scripture. The success of these newer hymns has largely displaced the belief that each hymn must be a direct translation of Scripture. Now, many hymnals contain Biblical references to the passages that inspired the authors, but few are direct translations of Scripture like

5607-448: The metrical psalters were. The Scottish Gaelic Psalter was produced by the Synod of Argyll . By 1658, the first fifty psalms had been translated into ballad metre due to the work of Dugald Campbell , John Stewart , and Alexander McLaine . A manuscript of the final 100 psalms was produced in 1691 with the entire Gaelic psalter, with revisions to the 'first fifty' being produced in 1694. The Gaelic Metrical Psalms are used to this day in

5696-494: The minister or during their planned absences. The United Methodist Church recognizes two types of lay ministries. One is a "lay servant ministry" of (a) assisting or leading local church meetings and worship or of (b) serving as lay missioners to begin new work within the church that requires special training. The other type is the "ministry of the laity" in their daily lives. In addition to being appointed by members of their local churches, local and certified lay speakers of

5785-407: The ministry of the priest in their daily lives in their families, their communities, their work: "in whatever circumstances they find themselves". The most important "lay ministry" can be done anonymously. What one's ministry is depends on the abilities of the person: "landscaping, carpentry, writing, counseling, child care, sports, music, teaching, or just being a good listener". The relation within

5874-422: The need for a prologue "written in eight and sixe". The three meters then in use: Common Meter (8,6,8,6), Long Meter (8,8,8,8), and Short Meter (6,6,8,6) remain in widespread use in hymnals today. Later writers attempted to repair the literary inadequacies of the Sternhold and Hopkins version. The Bay Psalm Book (1640), the first book published in the British colonies in America, was a new metrical psalter: In

5963-413: The ordained. Thus, every Christian has a vocation to ministry. A minority are called to ecclesiastical ministries. The majority are called to serve God and their fellow human beings in some way in the "everyday secular world". The Orthodox Church's assertion that all Christians are "appointed" as ministers is based on Scripture (1 Peter 2:9 ) and the Church Fathers . The ministry of the laity complements

6052-448: The original publication, by leading late Tudor and early Stuart English composers such as Thomas Morley , Thomas Tallis , John Dowland , and Thomas Tomkins . Another musical contributor to this volume was John Milton , the father of the poet of that name . By any objective measure of circulation Sternhold and Hopkins's psalter was a success. As a separate volume, it was re-printed more than 200 times between 1550 and 1640; in addition,

6141-497: The people in the congregation and parish. Ministers are simply men and women whose gift is for their role in teaching and possibly pastoral work. They are thus selected for advanced theological education. All elders (teaching and ruling) in meetings of Session, Presbytery, or Assembly are subject to the Moderator, who may or may not be a minister but is always an elder. Many leaders in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are lay ministers. Essentially all male members above

6230-447: The people", from λαός , laos , meaning "people" at large. The word lay (part of layperson , etc.) derives from the Greek word via Anglo-French lai , from Late Latin laicus . In many Christian denominations , including the Catholic and the Anglican churches, anyone who is not ordained as a deacon , priest , or bishop is referred to as a layman or a laywoman. Non-ordained preachers or readers are considered part of

6319-429: The period of the English Reformation, many other poets besides Sternhold and Hopkins wrote metrical versions of some of the psalms. The first was Sir Thomas Wyatt , who in around 1540 made verse versions of the six penitential Psalms. His version of Psalm 130, the famous De profundis clamavi , begins: Sir Philip Sidney made verse versions of the first 43 psalms. After he died in 1586, his sister, Mary Sidney Herbert ,

6408-411: The psalms in this form were included in most editions of the Geneva Bible , and also in most versions of the Book of Common Prayer . They continued to be in regular use in some congregations until the late eighteenth century. Literary opinion after the sixteenth century, on the other hand, was decidedly negative. In his 1781 History of English Poetry , British poet laureate Thomas Warton called

6497-483: The psalms. As an example of what is meant by "Language of the New Testament", Psalm 35 ("A psalm of David") verses 13-14 ("But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth: I afflicted my soul with fasting.... I behaved myself as though it had been my friend or my brother") becomes: "Behold the love, the gen’rous love, That holy David shows... The spirit of the gospel reigns, And melts his pious heart." His translation of Psalm 24 into long metre begins: During

6586-500: The purpose than the Psalms of David which the Holy Spirit made and spoke through him Various Reformers interpreted certain scriptural texts as imposing strictures on sacred music . The psalms, especially, were felt to be commended to be sung by these texts. One example is James 5 :13 ( KJV ) "Is any merry? let him sing psalms." (The word translated "sing psalms" in the KJV at James 5:13

6675-495: The salvific mission of the Church; although their state does not belong to the hierarchical structure of the Church, it nevertheless belongs to its life and holiness. The narrower sense in which the Second Vatican Council gave instruction concerning the laity is as follows: The term laity is here understood to mean all the faithful except those in holy orders and those in the state of religious life specially approved by

6764-654: The scriptures, pursued singable versions of the Psalms and other Christian texts for the communal use of the Reformed churches . One of the greatest metrical psalters produced during the Reformation, the Genevan Psalter , was authored for the Protestant churches of France and Geneva (called the Huguenots ). It has been in uninterrupted use to the present day by the Huguenot and other French-speaking Protestant churches. The texts of

6853-561: The seventeenth century by Paschal de l'Estocart and Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck . An example of the Huguenot Psalter is Psalm 134 (tune given above): Vous, saints ministres du Seigneur, Qui, dévoués à son honneur, Veillez la nuit dans sa maison, Présentez-lui votre oraison. A metrical psalter was also produced for the Calvinist Reformed Church of the Netherlands by Petrus Datheen in 1566. This Psalter borrowed

6942-481: The single, short, four-part tune that is printed at the beginning of the psalter. From Crowley's rendition of Psalm 24: For the sake of comparison, here is how the same text is rendered in contemporary English Bibles: Thomas Sternhold published his first, short collection of nineteen Certayn Psalmes between mid-1547 and early 1549. In December 1549, his posthumous : Al such psalmes of Dauid as Thomas Sternehold ... didde in his life time draw into English Metre

7031-488: The title The Psalms for Singing . The Melbourne Congregation of the Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia produced The Complete Book of Psalms for Singing with Study Notes in 1991. Music in staff format is provided in a variety of meters, mostly to established tunes. The texts draw from the best of older versions but provide much new material. The Free Church of Scotland published Sing Psalms in 2003, being

7120-457: The wider community instead of retiring to a monastery . Some Christian churches utilise lay preachers , who preach but are not clergy. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints uses the term lay priesthood to emphasise that its local congregational leaders are unpaid. The word laity means "common people" and comes from the Greek : λαϊκός , romanized :  laikos , meaning "of

7209-459: The words included as the second half of the book. These were culled from a number of sources, including the RPCNA books mentioned above. Whenever a new version was necessary, they merely expanded their old book, without removing any of the old translations. One of these editions was produced in 1979. They were available in staff or sol-fa . A revised Psalter in more modern idiom was published in 2004 under

7298-528: The words. The tune and words can be matched by matching the meter ; each meter is a specification of line length and (implicitly) stressed syllables; if a tune is in Common Meter , any set of Common Meter words can go with it. Layman Terms such as lay priest , lay clergy and lay nun were once used in certain Buddhist cultures, especially Japanese, to indicate ordained persons who continued to live in

7387-465: The world through their daily activities and regular responsibilities, and it publishes a monthly online newsletter Initiatives: In Support of Christians in the World. Initiatives: In Support of Christians in the World (January 2015) rejoiced that "50 Years since Vatican II" the increased lay ministry in parishes has "brought fresh vitality". However, the newsletter lamented "the neglect of formation for

7476-446: Was Schütz's most successful work from the 17th to the early 18th century. Metrical psalter A metrical psalter is a kind of Bible translation : a book containing a verse translation of all or part of the Book of Psalms in vernacular poetry , meant to be sung as hymns in a church . Some metrical psalters include melodies or harmonisations. The composition of metrical psalters

7565-577: Was a large enterprise of the Protestant Reformation , especially in its Calvinist manifestation. During the Protestant Reformation, a number of Bible texts were interpreted as requiring reforms in the music used in worship . The Psalms were particularly commended for singing. In particular, John Calvin said, When we have looked thoroughly everywhere and searched high and low, we shall find no better songs nor more appropriate to

7654-618: Was also published with music, much of it borrowed from the French Geneva Psalter. One setting from their collection that has survived is the metrical form of the Psalm 100 attributed to William Kethe , with the tune known as the Old 100th , often used as a doxology : In 1621, Thomas Ravenscroft published an expanded edition of the Sternhold and Hopkins Psalter; Ravenscroft's edition added many more psalm tunes, some of which had been composed, since

7743-460: Was printed, containing thirty-seven psalms by Sternhold and, in a separate section at the end, seven psalms by John Hopkins . This collection was taken to the Continent with Protestant exiles during the reign of Mary Tudor, and editors in Geneva both revised the original texts and gradually added more over several editions. In 1562, the publisher John Day brought together most of the psalm versions from

7832-429: Was the work of Robert Crowley and was printed by him, Richard Grafton and/or Stephen Mierdman . Crowley's psalter is a rare example of two-color printing (red and black on the first four leaves) in this era, which makes it visually resemble medieval manuscript psalters. ( Christopher Tye and Francis Seager later included musical notation in their psalters, and the Sternhold and Hopkins psalter eventually incorporated

7921-528: Was without melodies and meant to be sung to the tunes of other well-known Lutheran hymns . Heinrich Schütz welcomed the theological intentions of Becker's metrical versions of the psalms, and wrote four-part settings which he published in 1628 as Psalmen Davids: Hiebevorn in Teutzsche Reimen gebracht durch D. Cornelium Beckern . The collection was reprinted in 1640, and appeared in a revised and enlarged version in 1661. In number of prints and editions it

#551448