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Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on matters pertaining to sporting topics and competitions . Sports journalism has its roots in coverage of horse racing and boxing in the early 1800s, mainly targeted towards elites, and into the 1900s transitioned into an integral part of the news business with newspapers having dedicated sports sections. The increased popularity of sports amongst the middle and lower class led to the more coverage of sports content in publications. The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN . There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions . New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.

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134-673: Barstool Sports is an American blog website and digital media company headquartered in New York City that publishes sports journalism and pop culture -related content. It is owned by David Portnoy , who founded the company in 2003 in Milton, Massachusetts . Barstool began in 2003 as a weekly print publication distributed for free at transit stops in the Boston metropolitan area that offered gambling advertisements and fantasy sports projections but later expanded to encompass other topics. It launched on

268-500: A graduate school , 93 undergraduate programs, 99 master programs , 66 doctoral programs, and 4 professional programs. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation , Kentucky spent $ 476.5 million on research and development in 2022, ranking it 61st in the nation. The University of Kentucky has seven libraries on campus. The largest

402-437: A graduate school , 93 undergraduate programs, 99 master programs , 66 doctoral programs, and 4 professional programs. The University of Kentucky has fifteen libraries on campus. The largest is William T. Young Library, a federal depository , hosting subjects related to social sciences , humanities and life sciences collections. In recent years, the university has focused expenditures increasingly on research, following

536-469: A $ 100,000 prize pool. Barstool Sports announced in January of 2024 that they are partnering with Rumble.com . Barstool was described as the "Bible of Bro Culture" and a must-read for the "dude zeitgeist" for its committed audience of young men, primarily in the 18-35 age demographic, who felt disenfranchised by the mainstream media. Portnoy described the site's topics in 2011 as "sports/smut." The site contains

670-412: A Top 20 public research university by 2020. According to the compact, states with "Top 20" universities feature higher average household incomes, higher education attainments, healthier lives and more financial security. The plan would also spur technological advancements due to university-based research and increase the marketability of the state to investors. The plan produced some results, In 2000,

804-476: A band fraternity. In 2007, the UK paper The Kentucky Kernel unleashed criticism and gained national attention for an editorial cartoon that depicted an African American pledge being auctioned; it was a comment on racial segregation in UK's Greek system. Farmhouse's chapter was suspended in 2021 for four years by the university, after a pledge died while attending a party in the fraternity's house. In 2023, Phi Tau

938-442: A clothing line benefiting Special Olympics Ohio. Due to Portnoy's consistent and longstanding support for first responders, Barstool's work on behalf of fallen police officers has received an overwhelmingly positive response from Barstool's audience and the law enforcement community. This was especially true of his work for Officer Jonathan Diller's widow, Stephanie. In addition to the $ 1.5 million raised for Diller's family, Portnoy

1072-545: A compact formed by the Kentucky General Assembly in 1997. The directive mandated that the university become a Top 20 public research institution, in terms of an overall ranking to be determined by the university itself, by 2020. The university is ranked tied for 132nd in National Universities and tied for 60th among public universities in the 2020 U.S. News & World Report rankings. According to

1206-516: A consultant to organizers of major events who need guidance on media requirements as well as seeking to represent its members' interests in a range of activities. In March 2008, Martin Samuel , then the chief football correspondent of The Times , was named British Sportswriter of the Year, the first time any journalist had won the award three years in succession. At the same awards, Jeff Stelling , of Sky Sports,

1340-422: A culture of stealing materials from independent content creators and reposting them without attribution. In March 2019, Barstool was accused by comedian Miel Bredouw of having reposted one of her videos to the site's Twitter account without attribution. After Bredouw eventually refused to rescind her complaint in exchange for $ 2,000, Barstool filed a counter-claim asking Twitter to reinstate the video, alleging that

1474-730: A daily sports betting -themed show called Barstool Sports: Picks Central , distributed by Westwood One . Barstool also produces numerous podcasts, including programming from David Portnoy , Spittin' Chiclets , Pardon My Take , The Kirk Minihane Show, Chicks in the Office as well as podcasts from Barstool bloggers and professional athletes and celebrities such as Deion Sanders , Alex Rodriguez , Josh Richards , Ryan Whitney , Paul Bissonnette , Colby Armstrong , Patrick Beverley , Jake Arrieta , Arian Foster , Paddy Pimblett , Molly McCann , Jim Florentine , Jamie Dukes , Taylor Lewan , Will Compton , and Mark Titus . In 2018, Barstool purchased

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1608-666: A day, 7 days a week, and features music that is spread across most genres. The campus is also served by the Kentucky Kernel , a student-run, financially independent daily newspaper, with the first issue published in 1915. The official yearbook of the University of Kentucky is the Kentuckian , first published in 1906. The Kentuckian was preceded by at least one previous book, the Echo . The University of Kentucky Black Student Union (BSU)

1742-481: A doctorate degree in the Philosophy of History. Johnson was subsequently denied admission, with the registrar citing the previously passed Day Law . Johnson, citing Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 filed suit against the university for wrongful discrimination and failure to maintain equal learning intuitions. On April 27, 1949, Hiram Church Ford presided over the court case. After one day of testimony, Ford determined that

1876-682: A growing trend of gambling and media companies to partner to capitalize on the anticipated boom in online gambling after the U.S. Supreme Court allowed sports betting in Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association . Following the sale, The Chernin Group maintained a 36% stake in the company. The company subsequently launched Barstool Sportsbook, a mobile application for sports betting, in Pennsylvania on September 18, 2020. During its first week of operation, it handled $ 11 million in wagers. In January 2021,

2010-462: A lawsuit to be admitted to the graduate program. Blacks were not allowed to attend as undergraduates until 1954, following the US Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision. In 1939, Governor Happy Chandler appointed the first woman trustee on the University of Kentucky Board of Trustees, Georgia M. Blazer of Ashland. She served from 1939 to 1960. In 1962, Blazer Hall was opened as

2144-501: A merger it became "Kentucky University". John Bryan Bowman was appointed head of the new "Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky" (called "A&M"), a department of Kentucky University. It received federal support through the Morrill Land-Grant Act in 1865. In 1866 it opened with 190 students and 10 professors, on the campus at Ashland, The Henry Clay Estate . In 1869 James Kennedy Patterson replaced Bowman and

2278-472: A mixture of podcasts, blogs, and video series featuring company staff in what has been described as "a sort of online reality show: Every office argument and personal-life development was written up and fed to a growing legion of 'Stoolies'." The site is popular among professional athletes as well. Logan Couture claimed that a quarter of players in the NHL read Barstool. According to The Daily Beast , Barstool has

2412-429: A model of the federally mandated programs that were required beginning in 1914. Patterson Hall, the school's first women's dormitory, was constructed in 1904. Residents had to cross a swampy depression, where the now demolished Student Center later stood, to reach central campus. Four years later, the school's name was changed to the "State University, Lexington, Kentucky" upon reaching university status, and then to

2546-433: A non-profit that provides financial support to small businesses affected by the pandemic. The fund raised $ 41 million, supporting at least 167 small businesses. On top of an initial $ 500,000 donation from Portnoy, celebrities such as Tom Brady , Guy Fieri , Kid Rock , Aaron Rodgers and Elon Musk donated to the fund. In August 2019, Barstool owner David Portnoy posted a series of tweets in which he threatened to fire "on

2680-505: A philanthropy arm pegged to its Barstool Fund in March 2022. The initiative consisted of four parts: one for women-run businesses, one for veteran-run businesses, one for youth service, and one for sobriety. Tonya Dressel of Microsoft's philanthropy effort, was hired to lead the initiative. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and related government restrictions, Barstool launched The Barstool Fund,

2814-576: A production of Medea . Two Blind Mice , a political satire by Samuel and Bella Spewack, followed after Medea . During the 1950s, plays performed at the Guignol would often go on tour throughout Kentucky in the summer months. The Electrical and Computer Engineering Department was the home of one of the earliest college amateur radio stations in the United States, beginning with W4JP that began continuous operation prior to World War I . In 1927,

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2948-709: A proposal to President Dickey and the University of Kentucky Board of Trustees for the university to take over the day-to-day operations and curriculum of the Ashland [municipal] Junior College, creating the Ashland Center of the University of Kentucky in 1957. University of Kentucky Extension Centers in Fort Knox (1958), Cumberland (1960), and Henderson (1960) followed. In 1959, the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce opened and began training professionals at

3082-412: A size 6 and you're wearing skinny jeans you kind of deserve to be raped right?" Other elements that have received criticism include comments such as "we don't condone rape of any kind at our Blackout Parties ... however if a chick passes out that's a gray area". Portnoy, in response, has stated that, "...It's not our intent, with jokes, to poke fun at rape victims," while pointing out the satirical nature of

3216-511: A spokesperson over the parties' promotion of "excessive drinking to the point of blacking out " and that such promotion would not be a good message for the city. Massachusetts Alcoholic Beverage Control Commission agents and club security at a House of Blues event in Boston the following month confiscated 300 fake identifications and refused admission for around three-fourths of the event's 2000 ticket holders. Shortly thereafter Portnoy announced that

3350-729: A theater, calling it Romany. They performed The Miracle of Sister Beatrice by Maurice Maeterlinck in 1927. In 1928, it was renamed Guignol Theater, after Théâtre du Grand Guignol in Paris, a theater on the Rue Chaptal from 1897 to 1962, housed in a former chapel and with seats for 293. After leaving Lexington, Sax staged Arthur Wilmurt's The Guest Room on Broadway in 1931; it ran for a respectable 67 shows. Eleanor Roosevelt attended opening night of his production of I.J. Golden's Re-Echo in New York in 1934; it ran for only 5 shows. Frank C. Fowler

3484-565: A university-focused BarstoolU brand. Each franchise had its own editorial staff and voice and operated autonomously from the main Barstool Sports blog. The blogger team published around 70 to 80 posts each weekday. According to Entrepreneur.com in December 2013, more than four million unique users visited Barstool monthly, with over 80 million page views. In 2011 and 2012, the BarstoolU brand ran

3618-457: A valuation of $ 100 million. CEO Erika Nardini said The Chernin Group has invested $ 25 million in the website. On February 18, Michael Rapaport was fired after making a derogatory comment towards the site's fan-base. On March 28, 2018, NBA player Frank Kaminsky launched a Barstool podcast, Pros and Joes, hosted by himself and three high-school friends. According to Vox , Barstool generated between $ 90 and $ 100 million in revenue in 2019, with

3752-407: A very fast and convenient way to access sports news on the go no matter where you are. The applications on smartphones that contain information about sports news and events are generally free. Fans ability to access sports on their smartphones allows them to personally engage (i.e. fantasy sports) and/or absorb sports information. Smartphones have truly increased the spread of sports news, typically in

3886-553: Is a public land-grant research university in Lexington, Kentucky , United States. Founded in 1865 by John Bryan Bowman as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky , the university is one of the state's two land-grant universities (the other being Kentucky State University ). It is the institution with the highest enrollment in the state, with 32,710 students in the fall of 2022. The institution comprises 16 colleges,

4020-762: Is also home to the Associated Press Sports Editors. In more recent years, sports journalism has turned its attention to online news and press release media and provided services to Associated Press and other major news syndication services. Through the 1970s and 1980s, a rise in "citizen journalism" in Europe was witnessed in the rapid growth in popularity of soccer "fanzines" - cheaply printed magazines written by fans for fans that bypassed often stilted official club match programs and traditional media. Many continue today and thrive. Some authors, such as Jim Munro , have been adopted by their clubs. Once an editor of

4154-420: Is expected to be part of the new university research campus. Other recent announcements include the construction of the new $ 450 million Albert B. Chandler Hospital , which will was one of the largest projects in the state's history in terms of size and economic impact. In 1997, the Kentucky General Assembly formed a compact with the university. The Top 20 Plan mandates that the University of Kentucky becomes

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4288-404: Is often accessible on various applications on the smartphone. These apps include ESPN, Bleacher Report, Global Sports Media, House of Highlights, and YouTube. The rise of mobile streaming has led to approximately 65% of sports followers streaming sports on a mobile device. Smartphones also allow for 24 hour access to sports news via social media apps such as Instagram, Twitter, or Facebook. They are

4422-639: Is part of the Sling TV Barstool channel. Portnoy is an active blogger on the site under his self-appointed "El Presidente" character. He is also known as "The Mogul" and "Davey Pageviews". Barstool has both employed already famous personalities, notably former athletes, and developed nationally known personalities like Call Her Daddy podcast host Alex Cooper . Notable current employees include: Notable former employees include: Several other figures have had stints with Barstool. The company partnered with NFL quarterback Baker Mayfield in 2018 to release

4556-483: Is the William T. Young Library , a federal depository that hosts subjects related to social sciences , humanities , and life sciences collections. Since 1997, the university has focused expenditures increasingly on research, following a compact formed by the Kentucky General Assembly . The directive mandated that the university become a "Top 20" public research institution, in terms of an overall ranking to be determined by

4690-531: The U.S. News & World Report 2023 ranking table, UK Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences is ranked 6th in the nation whereas the Graduate School of Medicine (Research) is ranked 64th (tie). Students are divided into several colleges based on their interests and specializations: Other colleges no longer in existence at the University of Kentucky include the College of Library Science (separating out of

4824-567: The Call Her Daddy podcast hosted by Alex Cooper and Sofia Franklyn, which Cooper then took to Spotify in 2020. In November 2017, Barstool purchased the Rough N Rowdy Brawl, an amateur boxing competition held in West Virginia, to expand into live boxing events and pay-per-view . After the acquisition, Barstool created a new division called Barstool Brawl to put on as many as 12 events per year. By

4958-542: The FA Cup and England international matches from the BBC to rival broadcasters ITV. One of the reasons cited was that the BBC had been too critical of the performances of the England football team . Increasingly, sports journalists have turned to long-form writing , producing popular books on a range of sporting topics, including biographies, history and investigations. Dan Topolski was

5092-681: The IAAF , the international track and field body. The first statutes of AIPS mentioned these objectives: For horse racing the Horserace Writers and Photographers’ Association was founded in 1927, was revived in 1967, and represents the interests of racing journalists in every branch of the media. In Britain, the Sports Journalists' Association was founded in 1948. It stages two awards events, an annual Sports Awards ceremony which recognizes outstanding performances by British sportsmen and women during

5226-576: The Kentucky Technical College system and were placed under a separate board of control. On April 3, 1998, work began on the William T. Young Library , which was the largest university project at the time of completion. The six-level William T. Young Library was constructed on south campus and the largest book endowment among all public university libraries in the country. William T. Young got his fortune from selling his peanut butter company to Procter & Gamble in 1955. Nine years after

5360-596: The Patterson Office Tower was completed, currently the tallest building on campus. In May 1970, students at the university began protesting the shootings at Kent State University . In response, Governor Louie Nunn deferred to the National Guard in an attempt to disperse the protesters. A ROTC building was destroyed by fire. The Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History at the University of Kentucky Libraries has 13 oral history interviews with participants in

5494-547: The West Ham United fanzine Fortune's Always Dreaming , Munro was hired by the club to write for its matchday magazine and is now sports editor of The Sun Online. Other titles, such as the irreverent monthly soccer magazine When Saturday Comes , have effectively gone mainstream. The advent of the Internet has seen much of this fan-generated energy directed into sports blogs. Ranging from team-centric blogs to those that cover

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5628-513: The White City Stadium to cover the finish of the Marathon . Such was the drama of that race, in which Dorando Pietri collapsed within sight of the finishing line when leading, that Conan Doyle led a public subscription campaign to see the gallant Italian, having been denied the gold medal through his disqualification, awarded a special silver cup, which was presented by Queen Alexandra . And

5762-450: The mainstream . The first was the advent of the penny press which allowed for cheaper and more tabloid style of newspaper production. Newspapers also began using advertising to pay for their production costs instead of relying on circulation. The 1920s has been called the "Golden Age of American Sports". Baseball became the national pastime, college football became popular, and radio and newspaper coverage increased. The New York Herald

5896-514: The "Barstool Blackout Tour", a series of electronic dance parties with as many as 2,500 attendees at venues in cities and college towns on the East Coast and in the Midwest. The parties were criticized for promoting excessive drinking and allowing underage drinking , as well as four assaults that have happened at the proceedings. In February 2012, Boston mayor Thomas M. Menino expressed concern through

6030-529: The "University of Kentucky" in 1916. The university led to the creation of the College of Home Economics in 1916, and Mary E. Sweeney was promoted from chair of the Department of Home Economics to dean of the college. (Later renamed the College of Human Environmental Sciences, this educational unit was folded into the College of Agriculture in 2003 as the School of Human Environmental Sciences ). The College of Commerce

6164-589: The College of Arts & Sciences in 1968 and incorporated in 2003 into what is now the College of Communication and Information) and the College of Home Economics (created in 1916 and whose founding dean was Mary E. Sweeney ) now a School of Human Environmental Sciences located within the College of Agriculture. The Honors Program at the University of Kentucky began in 1958. It offers interdisciplinary, seminar-style classes of 15–20 students each as well as "H-section" classes that accelerate common course offerings such as chemistry, biology, and physics. In October 2015,

6298-651: The Commonwealth had failed to establish a graduate school with equal opportunity and educational quality as the graduate students offered to whites. Citing the Fourteenth amendment, Ford ruled that all qualified individuals, regardless of race, be allowed to attend the university's graduate program until an equally academically acceptable institution is established for the use of African Americans. The university's graduate and professional programs became racially integrated in 1949 when Lyman T. Johnson , an African American , won

6432-582: The Georgia M Blazer Hall for Women in tribute to her. Ground was broken for the Albert B. Chandler Hospital in 1955, when Kentucky Governor Happy Chandler recommended that the Kentucky General Assembly appropriate $ 5 million for the creation of the University of Kentucky College of Medicine and a medical center at the university. This was completed after a series of studies were conducted that highlighted

6566-563: The Internet in 2007. The site was headquartered in Milton , Massachusetts, identifiable with a cardboard sign with the site's name written in ballpoint pen. Portnoy hired Kevin Clancy in 2009 and launched Barstool New York, the blog's first major move outside the Boston area. Barstool ceased publication of the print version in 2010 and transitioned to a web-only model. In August 2011, the site received criticism over nude photos of American football quarterback Tom Brady 's two-year-old son, which

6700-557: The NLRB in which Portnoy agreed to delete the tweets in question, and which required Barstool to notify employees of their right to unionize. In addition, as part of the settlement Barstool agreed to delete a Twitter account the company had created called "Barstool Sports Union" which had solicited DMs from employees in an apparent attempt to identify union supporters within the company. Sports journalism Modern sports journalism found its roots as content started to appear in newspapers in

6834-664: The New York Yankees for not allowing her to interview players in the locker room during the 1977 World Series. A federal judge ruled that this ban was in violation of the Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment. Some female reporters include Adeline Daley (whom some consider the "Jackie Robinson of female sportswriters" ), Anita Martini , Mary Garber , Lesley Visser , Marjorie Herrera Lewis , Sally Jenkins , and Holly Rowe . University of Kentucky The University of Kentucky ( UK , UKY , or U of K )

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6968-708: The No. 1 Female Sportscaster of all time. There has been an ongoing debate as to whether or not female reporters should be allowed in the locker rooms after games. If they are denied access, this gives male reporters a competitive advantage in the field, as they can interview players in the locker room after games. If locker room access is denied to all reporters - male and female - because of this controversy, male journalists would likely resent female reporters for having their access taken away. It wasn't until 1978 that female sports journalists were allowed to enter locker rooms for interviews. Sports Illustrated reporter, Melissa Ludtke, sued

7102-480: The Olympics and one on FIFA , the world football body. Likewise, award-winning writers Duncan Mackay , of The Guardian , and Steven Downes unravelled many scandals involving doping, fixed races and bribery in international athletics in their 1996 book, Running Scared , which offered an account of the threats by a senior track official that led to the suicide of their sports journalist colleague, Cliff Temple . But

7236-534: The University of Kentucky received the largest single gift in its history, $ 23.5 million from alumnus, longtime donor and successful entrepreneur Thomas W. Lewis and his wife Jan to create the Lewis Honors College. The Lewis Honors College was transitioned from the Honors Program at UK in 2015. From 2017, the Honors Program became the Lewis Honors College. On July 10, 2017, Christian Brady was announced as

7370-565: The analysis these teams are conducting. New metrics have been created to study the quality of player performance. The metrics have also been used to compile rankings of players and teams. Blog sites like FiveThirtyEight began to sprout as full-time sport analytic sites that took available data and constructed analytic heavy articles pertaining to sports. ESPN has implemented a segment in their shows called ‘Sports Science’ where stars of every sport come in to test how advanced analytics affect field performance. There has been much pushback by many over

7504-565: The company announced that the Sportsbook would expand to Michigan. Penn National announced that they would be matching all first-time deposits by donating to the Barstool Fund, raising a total of $ 4,550,280 for Michigan small businesses. On July 27, 2021, Barstool Sports became the new title sponsor of the Arizona Bowl and would have exclusive international broadcast rights. The 2021 edition of

7638-428: The company back to him. Penn had announced a $ 2 billion agreement with ESPN to rebrand Barstool Sportsbook as ESPN Bet , and the sale was intended to relieve Penn of "non-compete and other restrictive covenants" tied to its ownership of Barstool. Portnoy stated, "The regulated industry is probably not the best place for Barstool Sports and the type of content we make". The agreement stipulates that Penn will receive 50% of

7772-464: The company would not be scheduling more of the events in Boston, stating that "it just doesn't seem like Boston is friendly to nightlife of our sort, at least". By 2016, Barstool claimed to pull in 250 million views per month. On January 7, 2016, private equity firm The Chernin Group (TCG) purchased a 51% majority stake in Barstool Sports, valuing the company at between $ 10 and $ 15 million. According to Chernin Group president of digital Mike Kerns, Kerns

7906-509: The competition's second iteration after the Barstool acquisition in February 2018, it drew 41,000 buys. Barstool offers streaming and Video on Demand content, which is available on Roku , Amazon Fire TV , Apple TV , and Android TV . In 2021, SLING TV announced an exclusive channel for Barstool Sports. The Brandon Walker College Football Show featuring Brandon Walker is a live call-in show that

8040-566: The completion of the William T. Young Library, on April 13, 2007, an entire city block of neighborhood homes were demolished and ground was broken for the Biological Pharmaceutical Complex Building , the largest academic building in the state of Kentucky, and one of the largest in the United States. The Biological Pharmaceutical Complex Building complements the adjacent Biomedical Biological Science Research Building , and

8174-676: The contributors. This can lead to a lack of quality as there is no editorial element, however their reach is large. There are also editorially managed sites that do pay their contributors in a similar fashion to traditional publishers. I.e. a price per word or per article. Examples of these are Athlon Sports and The Sporting Blog. Other sports blogs such as Fansided and SB Nation suggest a combination of traffic and results based incentives with regards to recompense for contributions. More recently, investment vehicles like Rocket Sports Internet have emerged that provide capital for sports journalists and news creators to run their own businesses and leverage

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8308-569: The country. The Tour de France was born, and sports journalism's role in its foundation is still reflected today in the leading rider wearing a yellow jersey - the color of the paper on which L'Auto was published (in Italy, the Giro d'Italia established a similar tradition, with the leading rider wearing a jersey the same pink color as the sponsoring newspaper, La Gazzetta ). After the Second World War,

8442-526: The day and closer to the deadlines many organizations must observe. Yet they are expected to use the same tools as news journalists, and to uphold the same professional and ethical standards. They must take care not to show bias for any team. Twitter and other social media platforms became sports information providers. Twitter became a platform for sports in 2009 during the NBA playoffs. By the end of April, tweeting by television sports analysts, announcers, and journalists

8576-449: The digital space which has increased advertising revenue has not balanced out the losses from print journalism. The importance of click count has gone up as these sites are being funded by online advertisers. This has led to many shorter journalistic pieces offering controversial opinions in order to generate the most clicks. Sportswriters regularly face more deadline pressure than other reporters because sporting events tend to occur late in

8710-450: The early 1800s. At the start, the sports sporadically covered were horse racing and boxing. The focus of the coverage would be less on the event itself and more on the greater social context. Horse races between the North and South and boxing bouts between US and England garnered much interest from the social elite. In the early nineteenth century, popular British sportswriter Pierce Egan coined

8844-544: The early twentieth century, a group called The Strollers consisted of performers either studying or employed at the university or nearby. They performed regularly at the Lexington Opera House . In 1910, their first production there was the 1839 historical play Richelieu . At the end of the spring semester in 1918, as World War I was nearing its end, they performed several skits about war life and then projected large photographic images "showing actual battle scenes" and

8978-678: The editors of the Wisden cricket almanac, and Hayters . Sportswriting in Britain has attracted some of the finest journalistic talents. The Daily Mirror' s Peter Wilson, Hugh McIlvanney , first at The Observer and lately at the Sunday Times , Ian Wooldridge of the Daily Mail and soccer writer Brian Glanville , best known at the Sunday Times , and columnist Patrick Collins, of the Mail on Sunday , five times

9112-488: The ethics of his actions. Kaepernick cites that his position as a quarterback in the National Football League gives him a unique opportunity to carry out his message. Kaepernick's actions have inspired a wave of athletes using their position to take on social issues ranging from abortion to college athletes getting monetary compensation. Sports journalism plays a significant role in how these views are conveyed to

9246-440: The first degree was awarded. In 1876, the university began to offer master's degree programs. In 1878 A&M separated from Kentucky University, which reverted to its original name Transylvania University . For the new school, Lexington donated a 52-acre (210,000 m ) park and fair ground, which became the core of UK's present campus. A&M was initially a male-only institution, but began to admit women in 1880. In 1892,

9380-521: The first mass spectator event for journalistic coverage. The Race, an annual rowing event between the University of Cambridge and University of Oxford , has been held annually from 1856. Cricket , possibly because of its esteemed place in society, has regularly attracted the most elegant of writers. The Manchester Guardian , in the first half of the 20th century, employed Neville Cardus as its cricket correspondent as well as its music critic. Cardus

9514-624: The first recipient of the William Hill Sports Book of the Year award in 1989, which has continued to reward authors for their excellence in sports literature. Most countries have their own national association of sports journalists . Many sports also have their own clubs and associations for specified journalists. These organizations attempt to maintain the standard of press provision at sports venues, to oversee fair accreditation procedures and to celebrate high standards of sports journalism. The International Sports Press Association, AIPS,

9648-477: The form of videos, highlights, scores, and articles. Applications on smartphones, especially Twitter and ESPN, tend to be the platforms where sports breaking news first emerge. Overall, smartphones provide readily available sports news that can be accessed during the course of a sports fan's everyday life. Women have not always been in the sports reporting field. Women such as Jane Chastain and Lesley Visser are considered pioneers in women's sportscasting. Chastain

9782-458: The freshman class was recorded at 5,000 students. The University of Kentucky Student Government Association (UKSGA) represents all undergraduate, graduate and professional students enrolled at the university in several critical ways. UKSGA exists to increase student influence over academic policy and to provide many helpful, creative and necessary student services. UKSGA also exists to protect and expand student substantive and procedural rights with

9916-432: The game was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic , but the game was played in 2022. and featured various Barstool Sports media personalities on commentary and in on-field roles. In February 2023, Penn exercised its option to pay $ 388 million and become the sole owner of Barstool. On August 8, 2023, David Portnoy announced that Penn Entertainment had ended its relationship with Barstool Sports and had divested ownership of

10050-525: The gross proceeds of any future sale of Barstool, but Portnoy stated that he planned to maintain his ownership of the site "till I die". On February 11, 2024, Barstool Sports and DraftKings finalized a multi-year sports betting media partnership after the Super Bowl and the termination of Barstool's non-compete with PENN Entertainment . This deal kicked off with a live-streamed free-throw challenge event featuring Barstool talent, where viewers could win part of

10184-643: The health needs of the citizens, as well as the need to train more physicians. Five years later, the College of Medicine and College of Nursing opened, followed by the College of Dentistry in 1962. Nine years after the founding of The Northern Extension Center in Covington, representing the Ashland Independent School Board of Education, Ashland attorney Henderson Dysard and Ashland Oil & Refining Company founder and CEO Paul G. Blazer presented

10318-582: The humanitarian work of the Red Cross . University girls dressed as nurses served as ushers. The first theater on UK grounds was the Campus Theater. In 1922, the university bought the Consolidated Baptist Church, a historically black congregation. The church's pastor had been Peter Vinegar. A group of performers and their benefactors, led by Carol M. Sax, raised more money to make the church into

10452-572: The inaugural dean of the college. Its headquarters are in Lewis Hall, which also serves as one of several residence halls for Honors College students. The University of Kentucky strives for a diverse and international student population, with a selective admissions process. In fall 2014, there were 30,000 students enrolled for the first time. This is due in part by the high number of out-of-state students. The percentage mix of students at this time were 62% in state and 38% out-of-state. During this time,

10586-475: The increasing number of ways that creators can more easily generate revenue streams outside of the conventional organisational structures. Early successes include BenchWarmers, Empire of the Kop and caughtoffside. The rise of smartphones have recently taken off and altered the way sports media has been presented. Smartphones have had a big influence on how the public perceives sports entertainment and content. Sports media

10720-400: The internet became more widespread, bloggers and location and team specific websites started taking over the market. A majority of these smaller websites did not charge a subscription fee as it was funded on advertising. This lower cost to the consumer as well as increased access to variety of very specific content led to the shift away from print and towards digital. However, the growth seen in

10854-455: The internet, the focus of sports coverage shifted from the play by play to statistical analysis of the game and background pieces on the players. This was also coupled with a massive increase in sports amongst the general public. The increased popularity of football, basketball and hockey meant more content to publish and more interested readers to publish to. This led to the creation of journals like Sports Illustrated , first published in 1954,

10988-413: The majority from podcasts, merchandise sales, and gambling deals. On January 29, 2020, casino company Penn National Gaming purchased a 36% stake in Barstool Sports for $ 135 million in cash and $ 28 million in preferred stock , valuing Barstool at $ 450 million. Penn National would have the option to pay an additional $ 62 million in 3 years to increase its stake to 50%. Penn's investment was seen as part of

11122-606: The master's and doctoral level for careers in international affairs. Authorized by the Kentucky General Assembly and signed by Governor Bert Combs on March 6, 1962, a mandate was placed upon the University of Kentucky to form a community college system. Two years later, the board of trustees implemented the legislation and established the Community College System, creating centers in Covington , Ashland , Fort Knox , Cumberland , Henderson and Elizabethtown . In 1969,

11256-533: The moment. There has been a major shift within sports in the last decade as more sports teams are switching to using analytics . A large reason for this shift is due to many articles being published about the increased benefit of using analytics to make strategic decisions in a game. As there is data collected about every instance in every sport, sports data analysis has increased. Sports publications are now hiring people with extensive background in statistics and mathematics in order to publish articles detailing

11390-505: The news pages. Recently, the issue of Colin Kaepernick 's protest of injustice shown to people of color by the police by kneeling during the performance of the national anthem before his football games has created diverse and varied coverage. His actions have taken his discussion from the sports field and into the national scope as major political pundits and even the Presidents commenting on

11524-478: The number of publications which leads to more people unsubscribing from the content. The fall in print sports journalism can be tied to the rise of internet and digital sports journalism. Digital sports journalism serves as both a complement and a competitor of newspaper sports journalism. Digital sports journalism began in the mid 1990s with ESPN creating the first website in 1995. At first digital sports journalism covered broad topics in scope, but as time went on and

11658-422: The official colors of the university, royal blue and white, were adopted. An earlier color set, blue and light yellow, was adopted earlier at a Kentucky- Centre College football game on December 19, 1891. The particular hue of blue was determined from a necktie, which was used to demonstrate the color of royal blue. On February 15, 1882, Administration Building was the first building of three to be completed on

11792-588: The pace of modern electronic media - would produce special results editions rushed out on Saturday evenings. Some newspapers, such as The Sunday Times , with 1924 Olympic 100 meters champion Harold Abrahams , or the London Evening News using former England cricket captain Sir Leonard Hutton , began to adopt the policy of hiring former sports stars to pen columns, which were often ghost written. Some such ghosted columns, however, did little to further

11926-531: The present campus. Three years later, the college formed the Agricultural Experiment Station, which researches issues relating to agribusiness, food processing, nutrition, water and soil resources and the environment. This was followed up by the creation of the university's Agricultural Extension Service in 1910, which was one of the first in the United States . The extension service became

12060-770: The previous year, and the British Sports Journalism Awards, the industry's "Oscars", sponsored by UK Sport and presented each March. Founded as the Sports Writers' Association, following a merger with the Professional Sports Photographers' Association in 2002, the organization changed its title to the more inclusive SJA. The SJA represents the British sports media on the British Olympic Association 's press advisory committee and acts as

12194-580: The protests, university officials as well as former governor Nunn. Nine years later, the Singletary Center for the Arts opened, named in honor of former university president Otis Singletary. In 1997, the Kentucky General Assembly reorganized the community college system, withdrawing the university's jurisdiction from all but the Lexington Community College. The other colleges were merged with

12328-487: The public imagination was so well caught by the event that annual races in Boston , Massachusetts, and London, and at future Olympics, were henceforward staged over exactly the same, 26-mile, 385-yard distance used for the 1908 Olympic Marathon , and the official length of the event worldwide to this day. The London race, called the Polytechnic Marathon and originally staged over the 1908 Olympic route from outside

12462-409: The public. The author creates a story from the raw quotes provided by the athlete and this is published to thousands of viewers. Inherent in the publication will be the biases of the author and this will be passed on to the reader (cite). As sports moves more and more into the political discussion space, sports journalist will have increasingly more power over the public sentiment of the hottest issues at

12596-421: The rapid increases partially attributed to the "Top 20" Plan. Currently, the William T. Young Library book endowment is the largest among public universities in the United States. In 2018, the new Gatton Student Center was opened on North Campus. The 378,000-square-foot facility contains a cinema, several dining facilities, ballrooms, a bookstore, bank, offices, and more. Students are divided into 16 colleges,

12730-552: The reputation of sports journalism, which is increasingly becoming the subject of academic scrutiny of its standards. Many "ghosted" columns were often run by independent sports agencies, based in Fleet Street or in the provinces, who had signed up the sports star to a contract and then syndicated their material among various titles. These agencies included Pardons, or the Cricket Reporting Agency , which routinely provided

12864-514: The royal residence at Windsor Castle to White City, was first sponsored by the Sporting Life , which in those Edwardian times was a daily newspaper which sought to cover all sporting events, rather than just a betting paper for horse racing and greyhounds that it became in the years after the Second World War . The rise of the radio made sports journalism more focused on the live coverage of

12998-399: The site's content. A Northeastern University protest group called Knockout Barstool held a demonstration outside of a 2012 Blackout party at Boston's House of Blues . Portnoy has been openly dismissive of the protest group, referring to them as "serial protesters", "nutbags" and "crazy bitches". By 2013, Barstool Sports had expanded to five cities, including Philadelphia and Chicago, with

13132-418: The sport events. Local publications started hiring beat reporters who were tasked with following all developments pertaining to the team. This included traveling with the team and interviewing the players. Teams also started constructing dedicated sections called press box in the stadiums for the press to sit and record notes on the game. As technology introduced new developments like the radio, television and

13266-631: The sporting events. The first sports reporter in Great Britain, and one of the first sports reporters in the World, was an English writer Edgar Wallace , who made a report on The Derby on June 6, 1923 for the British Broadcasting Company . In France, L'Auto , the predecessor of L'Equipe , had already played an equally influential part in the sporting fabric of society when it announced in 1903 that it would stage an annual bicycle race around

13400-561: The sports media itself, Bleacher Report , Deadspin.com , ProFootballTalk.com, BaseballEssential.com, Tireball Sports, AOL Fanhouse, Masshole Sports, the blogs in the Yardbarker Network, and others have garnered massive followings. There are now platforms that act as 'Blog hosts', which allow both amateur and professional sports writers to host their content without the need for a custom website. These include Medium , and Muckrack, which are free platforms to use, which in turn do not pay

13534-405: The sports sections of British national daily and Sunday newspapers continued to expand, to the point where many papers now have separate standalone sports sections; some Sunday tabloids even have sections, additional to the sports pages, devoted solely to the previous day's football reports. In some respects, this has replaced the earlier practice of many regional newspapers which - until overtaken by

13668-521: The sports stars he reported upon, he hired the services of IMG , the agency founded by the American businessman, Mark McCormack , to manage his affairs. Glanville wrote several books, including novels, as well as scripting the memorable official film to the 1966 World Cup staged in England. Since the 1990s, the growing importance of sport, its impact as a global business and the huge amounts of money involved in

13802-716: The spot" any Barstool employee who contacted a reporter to talk about unionization , as well as reposting a 2015 article in which he threatened to "smash their little union to smithereens" if Barstool employees attempted to unionize. In response, the IWW Freelance Journalists Union filed a complaint with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) against Barstool, alleging that Portnoy had violated federal labor law by threatening retaliation against Barstool employees if they attempted to unionize. In January 2020, Barstool reached an informal settlement with

13936-510: The staging of events such as the Olympic Games and football World Cups, has also attracted the attention of investigative journalists. The sensitive nature of the relationships between sports journalists and the subjects of their reporting, as well as declining budgets experienced by most Fleet Street newspapers, has meant that such long-term projects have often emanated from television documentary makers. Tom Bower , with his 2003 sports book of

14070-481: The start of the new millennium, circulation and advertising numbers of print newspapers having been falling rapidly. This has led to widespread cost cutting and layoffs across the industry. There are 29 percent fewer journalists in the workforce now when compared to the number of journalist in 1980. These developments have significantly affected sports journalism as established publications like Sports Illustrated and ESPN have had to cut content, increase prices and reduce

14204-423: The station was relicensed as 9JL (later W9JL). Students currently run two independent FM stations. The first, 91.3 FM WUKY , is a Triple-A station and was the first university-owned FM radio station in the United States and Kentucky's first public radio station. The operations started on October 17, 1940, as WBKY out of Beattyville , although the station moved five years later to Lexington. In 1971, WBKY

14338-448: The take-down was an error. Following the dispute, data from Social Blade revealed that on March 6, 2019, Barstool deleted over 60,000 posts from its Twitter account and 1,000 posts from its Instagram account. In January, the company premiered Barstool Radio, a daily two-hour show on Sirius XM . The partnership expanded to a 24-hour channel in January 2018, which aired until January 2021. Barstool returned to radio in February 2021 with

14472-497: The term "the Sweet Science" as an epithet for prizefighting — or more fully "the Sweet Science of Bruising" as a description of England's bare-knuckle fight scene. During the 1820s and 1830s, the primary demographic target for newspapers was the social elite as newspaper was too expensive for the common man. Approaching the 20th century, several important changes occurred that lead to the increased saturation of sports journalism in

14606-399: The university and surrounding municipalities. Finally, UKSGA exists to better represent the student body in relations with faculty, administration, Board of Trustees and the Commonwealth of Kentucky. UKSGA includes an Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branch. Several of their current programs include: Several distinguished student body presidents include Governor Steve Beshear . In

14740-434: The university itself, by 2020. Two alumni from the university have won Nobel Prizes . In the early commonwealth of Kentucky, higher education was limited to children from prominent families, disciplined apprentices, and young men seeking entry into clerical, legal, and medical professions. As the first university in the territory that would become Kentucky, Transylvania University was the primary center for education. After

14874-524: The university launched "The Campaign for the University of Kentucky", a $ 600 million fundraising effort that was used to "enhance facilities, academic programs, public service, and scholarships." It passed that goal and the effort was raised to $ 1 billion. In March 2007, $ 1.022 billion was raised, months before the fundraising effort was set to end. As of 2019, The University of Kentucky has an endowment of 1.407 billion. Prior endowments were $ 831.8 in 2007, $ 538.4 million in 2005, and $ 195.1 million in 1997,

15008-587: The use of analytics in sports. Many established coaches are quick to bash analytics as narrow and ignorant of the big picture. The tradition of sports reporting attracting some of the finest writers in journalism can be traced to the coverage of sport in Victorian England, where several modern sports – such as association football, cricket , athletics and rugby – were first organized and codified into something resembling what we would recognize today. Andrew Warwick has suggested that The Boat Race provided

15142-936: The winner of the Sports Writer of the Year Award. Many became household names in the late 20th century through their trenchant reporting of events, spurring popularity: the Massacre at the Munich Olympics in 1972; Muhammad Ali 's fight career, including his 1974 title bout against George Foreman ; the Heysel Stadium disaster ; and the career highs and lows of the likes of Tiger Woods , George Best , David Beckham , Lester Piggott and other high-profile stars. McIlvanney and Wooldridge, who died in March 2007, aged 75, both enjoyed careers that saw them frequently work in television. During his career, Wooldridge became so famous that, like

15276-506: The writing of such exposes - referred to as "spitting in the soup" by Paul Kimmage , the former Tour de France professional cyclist, now an award-winning writer for the Sunday Times – often requires the view of an outsider who is not compromised by the need of day-to-day dealings with sportsmen and officials, as required by "beat" correspondents. The stakes can be high when upsetting sport's powers: in 2007, England's FA opted to switch its multimillion-pound contract for UK coverage rights of

15410-649: The year Broken Dreams , which analyzed British football, followed in the tradition established a decade earlier by Andrew Jennings and Vyv Simson with their controversial investigation of corruption within the International Olympic Committee. Jennings and Simson's The Lords of the Rings in many ways predicted the scandals that were to emerge around the staging of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City; Jennings would follow-up with two further books on

15544-475: Was accompanied by comments describing the size of the child's genitalia, which a former prosecutor suggested was sexualization of a minor. Portnoy argued that the comments were meant to be humorous in tone and were not intended to be seen as sexual. Critics allege that comments on the site by Portnoy and others normalize rape culture . Comments that have sparked debate include a post on a 2010 blog in which Portnoy said "[E]ven though I never condone rape if you're

15678-547: Was announced as the CEO of Barstool Sports. In 2020, Chernin relinquished control of Barstool as part of the Penn National Gaming partnership. During the week of Super Bowl LI , Barstool broadcast a televised version of The Barstool Rundown live from Houston on Comedy Central . The show made headlines on February 2, 2017, after Indianapolis Colts punter Pat McAfee announced during a segment of that night's episode that he

15812-410: Was canceled after one episode, with ESPN Inc. president John Skipper citing concerns about distinguishing the content of Barstool from that of ESPN. The show's removal came after past statements from Barstool president Dave Portnoy resurfaced, one of which involved calling current ESPN employee Sam Ponder a "slut". Following a fundraising round reported in January, Barstool is said to have received

15946-532: Was established in 1925, known today as the Gatton College of Business and Economics . In 1929, Memorial Hall was completed, dedicated to the 2,756 Kentuckians who died in World War I . This was followed up by the new King Library , which opened in 1931 and was named for a long-time library director, Margaret I. King. On March 15, 1948, Lyman T. Johnson applied to the University of Kentucky Graduate School for

16080-642: Was established on February 17, 1968. They were the first organization on campus that was created to support and protect students of color. Their goal was to fight for change on campus for diverse students. They work closely with other organizations on campus such as the Student Activities Board, Student Government Association and various fraternities. Their main mission is to educate the campus community on Black American students and to assist incoming minority students. Jim Embry , born in Richmond, Kentucky ,

16214-689: Was founded in 1924 during the Olympic Games in Paris, at the headquarters of the Sporting Club de France, by Frantz Reichel, the press chief of the Paris Games, and the Belgian Victor Boin. AIPS operates through a system of continental sub-associations and national associations, and liaises closely with some of the world's biggest sports federations, including the International Olympic Committee , football's world governing body FIFA, and

16348-524: Was invited to attend the annual NYPD gala as the guest of honor. However, one notable exception occurred when longtime employee Kevin Clancy weighed in on Diller's murder. Though he encouraged support for the company's efforts, Clancy received significant backlash from Barstool's largely pro-police audience over his past support for the BLM/Defund the Police movement. The company launched "The Barstool Difference,"

16482-459: Was later knighted for his services to journalism. One of his successors, John Arlott , who became a worldwide favorite because of his radio commentaries on the BBC , was also known for his poetry. The first London Olympic Games in 1908 attracted such widespread public interest that many newspapers assigned their very best-known writers to the event. The Daily Mail even had Sir Arthur Conan Doyle at

16616-502: Was named Sports Broadcaster of the Year for the third time, a prize determined by a ballot of SJA members. Stelling won the vote again the following year, when the Sunday Times' s Paul Kimmage won the interviewer of the year prize for a fifth time. In the United States, the Indianapolis-based National Sports Journalism Center monitors trends and strategy within the sports media industry. The center

16750-449: Was one of the first publications to solely focus on sports. Sports Illustrated was the brainchild of Henry Lucre who felt that the established publishers at the time were not taking advantage of the public's massive appetite for sports. With weekly issues, Sports Illustrated was able to produce more classic journalistic pieces as the writers had more time to research and conduct longer interview sit downs with players and coaches. Since

16884-427: Was one of the first to carry NPR's "All Things Considered" and helped debut National Public Radio , changing its call letters to WUKY in 1989 to better reflect its affiliation with the university. In 2007, it became the first Lexington radio station to broadcast in high-definition digital radio. The second is 88.1 FM WRFL which has been in operation since 1988. WRFL is operated by students and broadcasts live 24 hours

17018-574: Was put in contact with Portnoy via mutual friend and former University of Kentucky quarterback Jared Lorenzen . After an initial phone call, Kerns flew to Boston to have dinner with Portnoy, discuss the Barstool vision, and begin preliminary investment talks. Following the TCG investment, the company moved its headquarters from Boston to New York City. Portnoy continued to run the site and retained complete creative control as Chief of Content. On July 19, 2016, Erika Nardini , former chief marketing officer of AOL,

17152-522: Was retiring from the NFL to become a contributor to the site. On June 19, 2017, the site announced that Michael Rapaport would be joining Barstool Sports and hosting a podcast. Rapaport and Barstool quickly ended their relationship in a public feud involving Kevin Durant . On October 18, Barstool Van Talk debuted on ESPN2 . The show starred Pardon My Take personalities PFT Commenter and Dan "Big Cat" Katz. It

17286-520: Was suspended for misuse of alcohol and other violations of law. University of Kentucky student-athletes compete as the Wildcats under colors Kentucky blue and white. Beginning in the 1890s, students at the A&;M scheduled football games with neighboring colleges. In 1902, the women's basketball program began on campus, and the men's team was added one year later. The " Wildcats " became associated with

17420-498: Was the first newspapers to publishing consistent sports coverage. The New York World in 1883 was the first newspaper to have a full times sports department. The following period from 1880 to 1920 saw a massive increase in sports coverage in publications. A study showed that in 1880 only 0.4 percent of space in the newspaper was dedicated to sports. By the 1920s, that proportion had risen to 20 percent. During this time, newspapers focused mainly on play by play coverage and game recaps of

17554-541: Was the first woman to work for a large network (CBS) and the first woman to do play-by-play in the '60s. Lesley Visser was a sportswriter for The Boston Globe before she joined CBS in 1984 as a part-time reporter. She is the only sportscaster in history, male or female, to have worked on the Final Four, NBA Finals, World Series, Monday Night Football, the Super Bowl, the Olympics, and the US Open broadcasts. She has been voted

17688-404: Was the founding member of the organization, as well as, the first elected president. 51 years later, Embry is still fighting for progress in the social injustices and systemic racism on campus. Nineteen sororities and twenty-three fraternities representing over 3,000 students. There are also non-Greek organizations on campus, like Alpha Kappa Psi , a business fraternity and Tau Beta Sigma ,

17822-542: Was the new trend in sports. Sports stories occasionally transcend the games themselves and take on socio-political significance: Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball is an example of this. Modern controversies regarding the hyper-compensation of top athletes, the use of anabolic steroids and other, banned performance-enhancing drugs , and the cost to local and national governments to build sports venues and related infrastructure, especially for Olympic Games , also demonstrates how sports can intrude on to

17956-539: Was the second director of the Kentucky Guignol; he had received his master's degree from Brown University in 1928 and was hired by UK that same year. He was followed by Wallace Briggs. The fire that gutted UK's Guignol in 1947 is captured on film. In the 1930s and 1940s, one-act plays written by students were performed annually. A new Guignol Theater was opened in the Fine Arts Building in February, 1950 with

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