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84-677: It was completed in 1969 and is named after James Kennedy Patterson , who served as the school's first president from 1869 to 1910. It primarily houses faculty offices and conference rooms, including many of the offices of the College of Arts and Sciences , College of Social Work, Honors at UK, the Dean of Students and Division of Student Affairs. It is located near the White Hall Classroom Building and Main Building . A statue of Patterson sits near

168-639: A Bachelor of Arts degree in 1856, graduating at the top of his class. In 1859, he earned a Master of Arts degree at Hanover. After graduation, Patterson became the principal of the Presbyterian Academy at Greenville, Kentucky , which was supervised by former U.S. Congressman Edward Rumsey . He remained in this position for three years. While in Greenville, he married Lucelia W. Wing, Congressman Rumsey's sister-in-law, on December 29, 1859. The couple had two children. Son William Alexander Patterson

252-404: A New York City Police Department (NYPD) officer, after the latter put him in a prohibited chokehold while arresting him. Video footage of the incident generated widespread national attention and raised questions about the use of force by law enforcement. NYPD officers approached Garner on July 17 on suspicion of selling single cigarettes from packs without tax stamps . After Garner told

336-470: A Richmond County grand jury decided not to indict Pantaleo. This decision stirred public protests and rallies, with charges of police brutality made by protesters. By December 28, 2014, at least 50 demonstrations had been held nationwide in response to the Garner case, while hundreds of demonstrations against general police brutality counted Garner as a focal point. On July 13, 2015, an out-of-court settlement

420-401: A die-in on the lobby floor to raise student awareness about the recent deaths of Eric Garner and Michael Brown . On November 9, 2016, students held a protest against Donald Trump after he was elected president on November 8 . James Kennedy Patterson James Kennedy Patterson (March 26, 1833 – August 15, 1922) was an academic who served as the first president of

504-595: A dormitory at the University of Kentucky originally built for women but now coed, and the Patterson Office Tower , the university's administration building, are both named in his honor. James Kennedy Patterson was born in the Gorbals parish of Glasgow, Scotland on March 26, 1833. He was the eldest of five sons born to Andrew and Janet (Kennedy) Patterson, who were both from Presbyterian families associated with

588-684: A flasher was reported on the sixth floor of the building. In 1970, Patterson Office Tower was the site of a protest in response to the Kent State shootings in Kent, Ohio . On April 1, 2011, students held a protest against racism near the tower. On March 27, 2013, the tower was one of the Fayette County locations for Take Back the Night protests. On April 1, 2014, students protested against privatization of dining services. On December 9, 2014, about 40 students held

672-540: A homicide . According to the medical examiner's definition, a homicide is a death caused by the intentional actions of another person or persons, which is not necessarily an intentional death or a criminal death. Garner's death was also found by the medical examiner to have resulted from "compression of neck (choke hold), compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police". Asthma and heart disease were cited as contributing factors. Prior to that, on July 19, 2014, The New York Post published

756-510: A "terrible tragedy." De Blasio, at a July 31 roundtable meeting in response to the death, convened with police officers and political activists, called upon mutual respect and understanding. On August 1, in a statement, the mayor urged all parties involved to create a dialogue, and find a path "to heal the wounds from decades of mistrust and create a culture where the police department and the communities they protect respect each other." Mayor de Blasio has been criticized by activists for not firing

840-681: A $ 5 million settlement offer. On December 3, 2014, after the grand jury decided not to indict Pantaleo, the Department of Justice started an independent investigation. In January 2015 it was reported that the FBI 's New York Field Office was reviewing the incident and events thereafter. The investigation was overseen by local United States Attorney Loretta Lynch until she became the US Attorney General . The local FBI investigators and federal prosecutors determined that charges should not be brought in

924-425: A biased manner, resulting in him not being able to receive food from his wife. Orta also claimed that the prison officers have threatened, insulted, and beaten him, and deliberately crushed the food from his wife. Orta stated that when he was initially arrested, a police officer told him it would be better for Orta to kill himself before he was jailed. After prosecutors questioned whether the money raised for his bail

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1008-670: A delegate to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1890. He was granted a year's leave from his duties as president, and set sail for Europe with his wife and son in June. The family visited England , Scotland , Belgium , France , Italy , Austria , Germany , and Switzerland before returning home in August 1891. On June 3, 1895, Patterson's son died during an appendectomy ; and in his honor, Patterson built and endowed

1092-507: A female African-American NYPD sergeant, Kizzy Adonis, who did not intercede. Adonis was quoted in the original police report as stating, "The perpetrator's condition did not seem serious and he did not appear to get worse." A police sergeant called an ambulance and indicated that Garner was having trouble breathing, but reportedly added that he "did not appear to be in great distress". Garner lay motionless, handcuffed, and unresponsive for several minutes before an ambulance arrived, as shown in

1176-415: A few seconds. At that point, three uniformed officers and the two plainclothes officers had surrounded him. After 15 seconds, the video shows Pantaleo removing his arm from around Garner's neck; Pantaleo then used his hands to push Garner's face into the sidewalk while pinning him down. Garner is heard saying "I can't breathe" eleven times while lying face down on the sidewalk. The arrest was supervised by

1260-534: A generous, congenial person. He was the father of six children, had three grandchildren, and at the time of his death had a 3-month-old child. Garner had been arrested by the NYPD more than 30 times since 1980 on charges such as assault, resisting arrest, and grand larceny. According to an article in The New York Times , many of these arrests had been for allegedly selling unlicensed cigarettes. In 2007, he filed

1344-465: A handwritten complaint in federal court accusing a police officer of conducting a cavity search of him on the street, "digging his fingers in my rectum in the middle of the street" while people passed by. Garner had, according to The New York Times , "recently ... told lawyers at Legal Aid that he intended to take all the cases against him to trial". At the time of the incident, he was out on bail for allegedly selling untaxed cigarettes, driving without

1428-590: A heart attack at the age of 27. One of Garner's daughters, Emerald Snipes, created a fund for his kids for Christmas, as Garner used to play Santa Claus . Garner's daughters Erica and Emerald, his widow Esaw, and his stepfather Ben Carr all went to the Justice for All March in Washington, D.C. After the grand jury decision, when asked whether she accepted Pantaleo's condolences, Garner's widow angrily answered, "Hell, no! The time for remorse would have been when my husband

1512-400: A library on campus. In his will , he also left an endowment for the college's School of Diplomacy in his son's name. Even after the approval of the property tax, the college's funds remained inadequate to allow it to operate and expand. As president, Patterson gained a reputation as unduly frugal, particularly with regard to faculty salaries and facilities expansion. He personally lobbied

1596-554: A license, marijuana possession, and false personation . At the time of Garner's death, Daniel Pantaleo was a 29-year-old New York City Police Department officer living in Eltingville, Staten Island . He joined the NYPD in 2006 after graduating from Monsignor Farrell High School , and with a bachelor's degree from the College of Staten Island . Pantaleo was the subject of two civil rights lawsuits in 2013 where plaintiffs accused him of falsely arresting them and abusing them. In one of

1680-548: A male dormitory that stood from 1882 to 1967, the old Carnegie Library, and President Patterson's old house. Based on a photo printed in the Lexington Herald-Leader , December 1969 was the first time the university's Board Of Trustees met in the building. In July 2003, a bronze statue of Patterson was relocated to the front of the tower. A fountain was situated near the tower, but was removed in 1999. On February 12, 2016, Australian philosopher David Chalmers visited

1764-421: A police officer placed him in a chokehold. "If he had not had asthma, and a heart condition, and was so obese, almost definitely he would not have died from this." King added that there "was not a hint" that anyone used any racial epithets, and that if Garner were a "350-pound white guy, he would have been treated the same." Shady Records recording artist Kxng Crooked aka Crooked I of Slaughterhouse recorded

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1848-468: A report, citing unnamed sources, claiming the medical examiner had found no damage to Garner's " windpipe or neckbones" during a preliminary autopsy. Garner's family hired Michael Baden , a former New York City medical examiner, to perform an independent autopsy. Baden agreed with the findings of the Medical Examiner's Office and concluded that Garner's death was primarily caused by "compression of

1932-414: A second video. After Garner lost consciousness, officers turned him onto his side to ease his breathing. Garner remained lying on the sidewalk for seven minutes. When an ambulance arrived, EMTs checked his pulse but did little else for about two minutes before lifting him onto a stretcher. According to police, Garner had a heart attack while being transported to Richmond University Medical Center . He

2016-517: A tax stamp) in violation of New York state law. Garner is heard on the video saying the following: Get away [garbled] for what? Every time you see me, you want to mess with me. I'm tired of it. It stops today. Why would you...? Everyone standing here will tell you I didn't do nothing. I did not sell nothing. Because every time you see me, you want to harass me. You want to stop me [garbled] selling cigarettes. I'm minding my business, officer, I'm minding my business. Please just leave me alone. I told you

2100-577: A tribute song for Garner titled "I Can't Breathe". The song was released exclusively through MTV News . Crooked used the same instrumental that was used for 2Pac 's "Pain", with additional production added by Jonathan Hay . The cover art features an image of Garner being held in a chokehold by law enforcement officials. After the grand jury declined to indict Pantaleo, professional athletes such as NFL players Reggie Bush , Ryan Davis , Cecil Shorts III , Marqise Lee , Ace Sanders , and Allen Hurns ; and NBA players LeBron James , Kobe Bryant and

2184-415: A witness in the Garner case could constitute a conflict of interest . In February 2015, Orta was incarcerated on Rikers Island . In March 2015, a lockdown was initiated, and he was not permitted to prepare his own food. The prisoners were served meatloaf by the prison officers. After falling ill multiple times after eating food on Rikers, Orta believed he had been deliberately poisoned. He described that

2268-452: Is appropriate to present evidence regarding circumstances of his death to a Richmond County Grand Jury." On September 29, the grand jury began hearing evidence in the Garner case. On November 21, Pantaleo testified before the grand jury for about two hours. After considering the case for two months, the grand jury decided on December 3 not to indict Pantaleo. Under New York law, most of the grand jury proceedings were kept secret, including

2352-482: Is designed for about 960 staff and academic personnel. The tower features a basement that connects the Big Blue Pantry and White Hall Classroom Building. The 14th floor of the tower, which provides a space for international students to study and make connections with other students with similar interests, was recently renovated in 2018. The renovations of the floor helped create a new space for students interested in

2436-652: The Civil War , Stewart College suspended operations. Through the recommendation of a friend, Patterson was elected principal of Transylvania Academy in Lexington, Kentucky , in 1861. Although it was part of Transylvania College (now Transylvania University ), the academy functioned as a high school during the war. In 1865, the Kentucky General Assembly merged the college with Kentucky University in Harrodsburg and

2520-626: The Covenanter movement. All five brothers pursued careers as academics. Despite being the eldest, Patterson would outlive three of his brothers. Patterson received an elementary education in Scotland. In 1842, when he was nine years old, Patterson's family immigrated to the United States , settling in Bartholomew County, Indiana , near the city of Madison . There were no school facilities in

2604-516: The Herald-Leader , which includes $ 500 million facilities plan to renovate older buildings and construct new ones to accommodate planned enrollment growth over the next five years, the tower's 18th floor was mentioned under the heading "recommended capital project", and if repaired or replaced, would cost $ 4 million. Patterson Office Tower was home to the Intermezzo Cafe from 1993 until 2022 when

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2688-522: The Los Angeles Lakers , Kyrie Irving , Kevin Garnett , Derrick Rose , Jarrett Jack , and Deron Williams , wore T-shirts bearing the phrase "I can't breathe" during pregame warmups . The Phoenix Suns also wore the shirts. President Obama and Attorney General Holder applauded James for wearing the shirt. The Georgetown University men's basketball team wore "I can't breathe" shirts, as did

2772-511: The University of Kentucky . His family immigrated from Scotland to Indiana in 1842 when he was nine years old. He pursued what meager educational opportunities were available in his new home, and eventually attended Hanover College , where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1856 and a Master of Arts degree in 1859. He briefly taught at Stewart College in Clarksville, Tennessee , but left

2856-472: The University of Notre Dame women's basketball team . Realizing that Garner died the same way as Radio Raheem, a character from the film Do the Right Thing , film director Spike Lee also paid tribute to Garner by splicing footage of Garner's death with a clip from the film showing several police officers putting the character in a chokehold. The title of Terence Blanchard 's 2015 album Breathless

2940-590: The federal congress to pass the Hatch Act of 1887 , which allowed land-grant colleges to receive federal land grants to construct agricultural experiment stations , and the Morrill Act of 1890 , which provided for further endowment of land-grant colleges by the federal government. In 1900, he secured funding from the General Assembly for the construction of a gymnasium and a hall for female students, and in 1904,

3024-711: The Agricultural and Mechanical College. Already familiar with Greek, Latin, and Hebrew , he developed a good knowledge of Sanskrit , Gothic , Anglo-Saxon , German , and French . Between 1871 and 1874, he was a frequent contributor of editorial content to local publications and newspapers, including a series of articles on tariffs and foreign policy which appeared in the Louisville Courier-Journal . In 1875, his alma mater , Hanover College, presented him with an honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree. During his later academic career, Patterson devoted more time to

3108-473: The General Assembly increased its annual contribution to the college's endowment by $ 15,000. When all other fundraising methods had been exhausted, Patterson resorted to securing a personal loan to cover the college's operating expenses. In 1903, Patterson served as the president of the Association of Agricultural Colleges. As he continued to expand the curriculum of the college, he drew criticism from some of

3192-509: The International Studies Program. The area features a student lounge, a conference room, and office space. In 2011, an overflowing urinal caused damage to three floors in the building after a faulty automatic flusher became stuck in the open position, causing flooding on the fourth floor. The water damaged the second, third, and fourth floors, saturating ceiling tiles and carpets, and some computers and documents. On May 31, 2013,

3276-474: The NYPD's training procedures, specifically focusing on the appropriate amount of force that can be used while detaining a suspect. Patrick Lynch, leader of the police union Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, challenged the claim that a chokehold was used, further stating that the union would be able to find many use-of-force experts who would also challenge the claim that a chokehold was used. Lynch also attributed Garner's death to resisting arrest and, "a lack of

3360-530: The NYPD. On December 19, during a New York City protest about the grand jury decision, supporters of the NYPD held a counter-demonstration, wearing shirts with the phrase, "I can breathe, thanks to the NYPD", on them, holding signs with phrases like "Bluelivesmatter", and chanting, "Don't resist arrest." On December 20, two NYPD officers were killed in an ambush in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn . The suspected gunman, Ismaaiyl Brinsley, cited Garner's death at

3444-550: The University of Kentucky announced the location would be closed without a replacement. Previously, this location would serve breakfast and lunch. Patterson Office Tower is a 20-story building with 18 floors. The building houses faculty offices and conference rooms, including many of the offices of the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Social Work, Lewis Honors College, and the Dean of Students and Division of Student Affairs. It includes 6 elevators along with an office space that

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3528-737: The area at the time, but Patterson continued his education by studying books from the private libraries of citizens in the area. In 1849, he was able to complete his elementary education at a school operated by Robert French in Madison. For a year, he taught in the common schools of Indiana before matriculating to Hanover College in May 1851. While there, he was associated with the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. Concurrent with his studies, he taught school in Henry County, Kentucky , from 1853 to 1855. Patterson earned

3612-419: The area when the Civil War forced the college to suspend operations. He became the principal at Transylvania Academy (part of what is now Transylvania University ) in Lexington, Kentucky , in 1861. When Transylvania was merged with Kentucky University and the newly formed Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1865, Patterson became a professor at the new institution, and was eventually given charge of

3696-470: The campus to give a talk entitled "Perception and Illusion in Virtual Reality" on the 18th floor of the tower. At the end of 2016, about 1,000 ping-pong balls were poured from the roof of the tower to celebrate the end of the semester. More than 100 students stood below, collecting as many balls as they could with plastic bags, open book bags, and umbrellas. In an article published on December 11, 2018, by

3780-422: The cases, he and other officers allegedly ordered two black men to strip naked on the street for a search and the charges against the men were dismissed. Ramsey Orta is a New York City man who filmed the incident. Following a campaign of alleged police harassment after the video went viral, he was arrested on weapons charges. Al Sharpton made a statement that prosecuting Orta while also calling him as

3864-460: The college was reclassified as a university; he retired in 1910. In his four decades as president, the institution grew from a single building – a private residence converted for academic use – to a 52 acres (0.21 km ; 0.081 sq mi) campus consisting of 17 buildings and a 250 acres (1.0 km ; 0.39 sq mi) farm. The institution's income had also risen from $ 9,900 annually when Patterson became president to $ 150,000 annually by

3948-426: The constituent Agricultural and Mechanical College. Financial difficulties and denominational differences affected the separation of the Agricultural and Mechanical College from Kentucky University in 1878, and Patterson became the president of the independent Agricultural and Mechanical College. He lobbied the Kentucky General Assembly to pass a property tax to benefit the college in 1880, and successfully defended

4032-543: The event. Al Sharpton originally planned to lead a protest on August 23 in which participants would drive over the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge , then travel to the site of the altercation and the office of District Attorney Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. This idea was scrapped in favor of Sharpton's leading a march along Bay Street in Staten Island, where Garner died; police estimated that over 2,500 people participated in

4116-559: The exact charges sought by the prosecutor, the autopsy report, and transcripts of testimony. Attempts by the New York Civil Liberties Union and others to gain release of that information have been unsuccessful. After the Staten Island grand jury did not indict Pantaleo on December 3, citizens in New York City and San Francisco gathered in protest, demonstrating with several die-ins , making speeches and rallies against

4200-478: The grand jury's decision by making a speech, stating that Garner's death and the legal outcome of it is an "American problem". Obama also reacted by saying that Garner's death "speaks to the larger issues" of trust between police and civilians. Former U.S. President George W. Bush said he found the grand jury outcome "hard to understand" and "very sad" in an interview. Rep. Peter King (R-NY) stated that, if Garner had been healthier, he would not have died after

4284-530: The hands of police (as well as that of Michael Brown ) as reasons to kill police officers. Brinsley then entered the New York City Subway and committed suicide. Garner's death has been cited as one of several police killings of African Americans protested by the Black Lives Matter movement. As a result of Garner's death, Police Commissioner William Bratton ordered an extensive review of

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4368-624: The lack of indictment. On December 5, thousands gathered in protest on the Boston Common in Boston , and then marched in the downtown area, blocking traffic, especially on I-90 , in addition to staging "die-ins." Protests also occurred in Chicago, Washington, D.C., Baltimore , Minneapolis , and Atlanta . At least 300 people were arrested at the New York City protests on December 4 and 5, most of them for charges of disorderly conduct or refusal to clear

4452-454: The last time, please just leave me alone. When Pantaleo approached Garner from behind and attempted to handcuff him, Garner pulled his arms away, saying, "Don't touch me, please." Pantaleo then placed his arm around Garner's neck and pulled him backward in an attempt to take him to the ground; in the process, Pantaleo and Garner slammed into a glass window, which did not break. Garner went to his knees and forearms and did not say anything for

4536-407: The march. In March 2015, Assata's Daughters , a Chicago-based black activist group, formed because they saw a lack of response by public officials to Eric Garner's death. On August 19, Richmond County (Staten Island) District Attorney Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. brought evidence against Pantaleo to a grand jury, saying that after considering the medical examiner's findings, his office decided "it

4620-457: The neck". Baden reported finding hemorrhaging around Garner's neck, which was indicative of neck compression. Pantaleo's union, the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association , noted that Garner's hyoid bone was not fractured. Barbara Sampson , the New York City medical examiner, said that "It is false that crushing of the windpipe and fracture of the hyoid bone would necessarily be seen at autopsy as

4704-659: The newly chartered Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical College. Following the merger, Patterson was appointed as a professor of Latin and Civil History and was given the chair of the department of History and Metaphysics . In 1869, he was given charge of the constituent Agricultural and Mechanical College. Governor Preston Leslie appointed him a delegate to the International Congress of Geographical Sciences which convened in Paris, France , later that year. Patterson continued to study languages during his time as principal of

4788-539: The officers involved in Garner's death. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said that New York State should consider appointing a special prosecutor to handle cases of alleged police brutality. He told CNN: "We have a problem. Let's acknowledge it." U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder said that the Department of Justice was "closely monitoring" investigations into Garner's death. Two U.S. Presidents have expressed thoughts about Garner's death. Barack Obama addressed

4872-524: The other prisoners fell ill, vomiting blood, but the guards reportedly laughed, and no prisoners were taken to the infirmary. Court documents stated that the prisoners had suffered from various ailments after eating the food. Blue-green pellets were found in the meatloaf, and determined to be brodifacoum , the main ingredient of rat poison . As a result, Orta stopped eating the food, only taking food passed to him from his visiting wife. He has alleged that prison officers booked him on false or trivial offences in

4956-401: The police that he was tired of being harassed and that he was not selling cigarettes, the officers attempted to arrest Garner. When Pantaleo placed his hands on Garner, Garner pulled his arms away. Pantaleo then placed his arm around Garner's neck and wrestled him to the ground. With multiple officers pinning him down, Garner repeated the words " I can't breathe " 11 times while lying face down on

5040-402: The president of the independent college. Among his first tasks as president was attempting to improve the financial condition of the institution. To that end, he successfully lobbied the legislature to enact a property tax in the amount of one-half cent per one hundred dollars of taxable property to generate revenues for the college. The tax was approved in 1880. Opponents of the tax, led by

5124-406: The respect for law enforcement, resulting from the slanderous, insulting, and unjust manner in which police officers are being portrayed." Edward D. Mullins, the head of the union representing police sergeants, called on members to slow down police response across the city by supervising every arrest. He also commented saying that the use of the term "chokehold" by the chief medical examiner's office

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5208-455: The result of a chokehold." Sharpton organized a protest in Staten Island on the afternoon of July 19; he condemned the use of a chokehold on Garner, saying that "there is no justification" for it. On July 28, a protest organized by WalkRunFly Productions and poet Daniel J. Watts was held in Times Square . The protest was in the form of poetry and many Broadway entertainers participated in

5292-565: The sidewalk. After Garner lost consciousness, he remained lying on the sidewalk for seven minutes while the officers waited for an ambulance to arrive. Garner was pronounced dead at a hospital area approximately one hour later. The medical examiner ruled Eric Garner's death a homicide . Specifically, an autopsy indicated that Garner's death resulted from "[compression] of neck, compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police". Asthma , heart disease, and obesity were cited as contributing factors. On December 4, 2014,

5376-472: The state's citizens for moving the institution away from its roots as an agricultural and mechanical college and more toward becoming a liberal arts institution. In 1908, the General Assembly officially recognized the institution's transition to a university, and upon Patterson's recommendation, its name was changed to State University: Lexington, Kentucky. Today, it is known as the University of Kentucky . Patterson continued as president for two years after

5460-472: The state's private denominational schools, attempted to get it repealed during the 1882 legislative session, but Patterson appeared before the legislature to defend it, and the General Assembly retained it. The tax was then challenged as unconstitutional by its opponents, but Patterson again successfully defended it before the Kentucky Court of Appeals . Governor Simon Bolivar Buckner appointed Patterson

5544-886: The streets, but two for assault on a police officer. On December 6, 300 protesters marched in Berkeley, California as well. On December 10, 76 protesters were arrested at Westfield shopping centre in Shepherd's Bush in west London, England, during a rally to show solidarity with rallies in the United States. Protesters have made use of Garner's last words, "I can't breathe", as a slogan and chant against police brutality since Garner's death and Pantaleo's grand jury decision. By December 28, at least 50 protests in support of Garner had occurred globally, and many other Black Lives Matter -related demonstrations had occurred. Counter-protests were also launched in support of police, specifically for

5628-588: The study of history, metaphysics, and political science . In 1880, he was elected a fellow of both the British Royal Historical Society and the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . In 1896, Lafayette College conferred upon him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. In 1878, denominational differences and financial difficulties led to the separation of the Agricultural and Mechanical College from Kentucky University. Upon separation, Patterson became

5712-474: The tax against repeal in 1882 and against attacks on its constitutionality before the Kentucky Court of Appeals . Patterson continued to expand the resources and the curriculum of the college, and in 1908, he oversaw its transition to university status. At that time, the university was known as "State University: Lexington, Kentucky"; today it is the University of Kentucky. Patterson continued as president until his retirement in 1910. During his career, Patterson

5796-475: The time of his retirement. As part of the terms of his retirement, he was allowed to continue attending board and faculty meetings, represent the university on the state and national level, and reside in the campus house built for the president. He was also allowed to serve as an advisor to the incoming president. Numerous honors were conferred on Patterson after his retirement. In 1910, the University of Vermont awarded him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. He

5880-600: The tower. In 1966, the board of trustees received models for construction of the tower and the White Hall Classroom building. Construction of the Patterson Office Tower began in 1967 and was completed in 1969. The building was named after James Kennedy Patterson , who served as the first president of the University of Kentucky from 1869 to 1910. It is located on the site of the White Hall Dormitory ,

5964-509: Was afforded many academic laurels. He was appointed as a delegate to the International Congress of Geographical Sciences in 1869 and to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1890. He was chosen as a fellow of the Royal Historical Society and the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland , and received numerous honorary degrees from various institutions of higher learning. Patterson died August 15, 1922. Patterson Hall,

6048-624: Was also placed on desk duty. Four of the EMTs and paramedics who took Garner to the hospital were suspended on July 21. Two of the paramedics were soon returned to their duties, and the remaining two EMTs were doing non-medical work at the hospital pending the Richmond University Medical Center 's own investigation into the incident. On August 1, 2014, the New York City Medical Examiner's Office ruled Garner's death

6132-503: Was approached by a plainclothes police officer , Justin D'Amico, in front of a beauty supply store at 202 Bay Street in Tompkinsville, Staten Island . According to bystanders (including a friend of Garner, Ramsey Orta, who recorded the incident on his cell phone ) Garner had just broken up a fight, which may have drawn the attention of the police. Officers confronted Garner and accused him of selling " loosies " (single cigarettes without

6216-466: Was born April 12, 1868. Daughter Jeanie Rumsey Patterson was born February 10, 1870, and died August 9 of the same year. After their marriage, Patterson and his wife moved to Clarksville, Tennessee , where Patterson had been elected principal of the Preparatory Department at Stewart College in 1859. After a year, he became a professor of Greek and Latin at the school. At the outbreak of

6300-555: Was buried in Lexington Cemetery . The women's dormitory constructed during his tenure, as well as the administration building and a local roadway, were named in his honor. In 1934, a statue of Patterson was erected near the university administration building. Death of Eric Garner On July 17, 2014, Eric Garner , an African American man, was killed in the New York City borough of Staten Island by Daniel Pantaleo,

6384-489: Was crowd-sourced legally, Orta was released on bail on April 10, 2015. In 2016, he was sentenced to four years in prison for weapons and drug charges after accepting a plea deal for which the prosecutor agreed to drop charges against his mother. In May 2020, he was released from Groveland Correctional Facility , a release in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. On July 17, 2014, at approximately 3:30 p.m., Garner

6468-794: Was elected to the National Geographic Society , the American Historical Association , and the American Academy of Political and Social Science . He was also a trustee for the American Civic Alliance. In 1911, he was invited to deliver the commencement address at Clemson Agricultural College (now Clemson University ) and an address on "The Bible as a Factor in Modern Civilization" at his alma mater, Hanover College. Patterson died August 15, 1922, and

6552-472: Was fired on August 19, 2019, more than five years after Garner's death. Eric Garner (September 15, 1970 – July 17, 2014) was a 43-year-old African American man. He was a horticulturist at the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation before quitting for health reasons. Garner, who was married to Esaw Garner, has been described by his friends as a "neighborhood peacemaker" and as

6636-524: Was inspired by Garner's last words ("I can't breathe"). Matt Taibbi wrote the 2017 book I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street . In October 2014, Garner's family stated their intent to file a wrongful death lawsuit against the City of New York, the police department, and several police officers, seeking $ 75 million in damages . The parties reached a $ 5.9 million out-of-court settlement on July 13, 2015. Garner's widow had previously rejected

6720-767: Was political. Police union officials and Pantaleo's lawyer argued that Pantaleo did not use the chokehold, but instead used a NYPD-taught takedown move because Garner was resisting arrest. Police also defended the decision not to perform CPR on Garner on the grounds that he was still breathing on his own. An Indiana police officer sold T-shirts saying "Breathe Easy. Don't Break the Law." A veteran San Jose Police Officer, Phillip White, tweeted: "Threaten me or my family and I will use my God given and law appointed right and duty to kill you. #CopsLivesMatter", which sparked controversy. In an interview with CNN , Garner's daughter Erica felt that it

6804-399: Was pride and not racism that led to the officer choking her father. Erica held a vigil and " die-in " on December 11, 2014, on Staten Island in memory of her father, near where he died. On her Twitter account, she vowed to continue to lead protests in Staten Island twice a week, lying down in the spot where her father collapsed and died. Erica Garner died on December 30, 2017, after suffering

6888-492: Was pronounced dead at the hospital one hour later. A funeral was held for Garner on July 23, 2014, at Bethel Baptist Church in Brooklyn . At the funeral, Al Sharpton gave a speech calling for harsher punitive measures to be taken against the officers responsible for the incident. On July 20, Pantaleo was put on desk duty and stripped of his service handgun and badge. Justin D'Amico was allowed to keep his badge and handgun, but

6972-471: Was reached, under which the City of New York would pay the Garner family $ 5.9 million. In 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice declined to bring criminal charges against Pantaleo under federal civil rights laws. On August 2, 2019, at a New York Police Department disciplinary hearing regarding Pantaleo's treatment of Garner, an administrative judge, NYPD Deputy Commissioner of Trials Rosemarie Maldonado, recommended that Pantaleo's employment be terminated. Pantaleo

7056-442: Was yelling to breathe." She added, "No, I don't accept his apology. No, I could care less about his condolences ... He's still working. He's still getting a paycheck. He's still feeding his kids, when my husband is six feet under and I'm looking for a way to feed my kids now." Garner's mother, Gwen Carr , expressed surprise and disappointment at the grand jury decision. New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio called Garner's death

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