66-610: The Barossa Valley ( Barossa German : Barossa Tal ) is a valley in South Australia located 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Adelaide city centre . The valley is formed by the North Para River . It is notable as a major wine-producing region and tourist destination. The Barossa Valley Way is the main road through the valley, connecting the main towns on the valley floor of Nuriootpa , Tanunda , Rowland Flat and Lyndoch . The Barossa Trail walking and cycling path
132-588: A judgement of God on the whole of humanity so that in this sense all people are somehow involved." The Church and the Homosexual "As in the case of pain and disease, the Christian homosexual should accept his homosexual propensity in obedience to God, bear his cross bravely, seek all possible professional help and pastoral aid, and in faith resist the strong temptation of rebelling and murmuring against God" Treatment "Skilled counselling may be helpful, particularly to
198-510: A lost and dying world... Only harm can result if the different roles of church and state, different but also complementary, are not observed and kept distinct. Confusion of the two leads directly to various evils: either church or state becomes an oppressive power, or both do; the church loses its reason for existence..." Furthermore, the LCA acknowledges "The church as such has no special power to legislate on any political question or problem. Nor has it
264-641: A major role in the Barossa, being the main source of employment for many residents. The many hectares of vineyards are the most distinctive feature of the area, especially when viewed from the Mengler Hill lookout, positioned on the Barossa Range which forms much of the eastern side of the valley. The success of the wine industry has historically been celebrated every two years with a week-long Barossa Valley Vintage Festival. The festival draws visitors from all over
330-550: A military conflict amounts to the transgression of God's commandment 'You shall not kill'... The church maintains that warfare which potentially and actually involves the mass destruction of human beings is never justified." The story of German anti-Nazi pacifist Sophie Scholl is frequently taught in Australian Lutheran schools. Furthermore, "The church lives in a fallen, sinful world in rebellion against God's laws and institutions, against his will and ordinances. It 'carries
396-598: A persecution of " Old Lutherans " who refused to join the Prussian Union under King Frederick Wilhelm . In 1841, a second wave of Prussian immigrants started, with the arrival of Pastor Gotthard Fritzsche . He settled with the migrants in his group in Lobethal and Bethanien (now Bethany ) in South Australia . The Lutheran church of this period is referred to as the Kavel-Fritzsche Synod . A split occurred within
462-479: A whole does what the church has previously done in a vicarious capacity." German Australian culture is deeply pacifist . Indeed, many Germans came to Australia to escape militarism . As evidence of this, there is a memorial to Bertha von Suttner in Wagga Wagga. Reflecting this, "The church... accepts the validity of a person's refusal to engage in military service if he or she is convinced that participation in
528-404: A whole in any particular place is unaware of the problem or incapable of action in relation to it. Examples of such action are church activities in providing education or health services and medical care, or poor relief in backward or temporarily disorganised and helpless areas. This work may become unnecessary as society becomes more aware of, or more capable of meeting, its responsibilities, and as
594-402: A wide range of images, metaphors, and symbols to describe what God is like or how God regards and deals with Israel and the human race. Included in these various images and symbols is the use of maternal imagery." The LCA has voted on five occasions on the question of the ordination of women. On the first four occasions, it did not succeed even though a majority of representatives have voted for
660-647: Is 40 kilometres (25 mi) long, and passes the main towns, starting from near Gawler on the Adelaide Plains , to Angaston to the east of the valley. The traditional owners of the land including the Barossa Valley are the Peramangk people, who comprise a number of family groups. Evidence of their thousands of years of occupation can be seen all around the area, in the form of artefacts, scar trees and shelter paintings. The Barossa Valley derives its name from
726-404: Is Australia's oldest and longest-running wine festival. The Barossa Gourmet Weekend is a three-day food, wine and art celebration held in the third weekend of August every year. Local wineries and venues host individual events throughout the Barossa, offering food, wine, music, arts and hospitality. Barossa German Barossa German ( German : Barossadeutsch or Barossa-Deutsch )
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#1732852851559792-530: Is a dialect of German , predominantly spoken in the Barossa Valley region of South Australia . The prominent South Australian writer, Colin Thiele (1920–2006), whose grandparents were German immigrants, referred to "Barossa-Deutsch" as: "that quaintly inbred and hybrid language evolved from a century of linguistic isolation". It takes its name from the Barossa Valley , where many German people settled during
858-471: Is a relatively small Christian denomination, with about 60,000 regular worshippers." In the 2021 Australian census , 145,868 people stated their religion as Lutheranism. "The LCA is a 'synodical' church, meaning that every congregation 'walks together' with every other congregation, every district with every other district, and every department or agency with every other one... [However] every congregation is... unique... So, while all congregations adhere to
924-553: Is believed to be derived from the German Becher , meaning a cup or mug. The Barossa is also home to kegel , a variety of nine-pin bowling , which takes place on indoor lanes ( Kegelbahn ), and is based on traditional German games similar to alley skittles . The Barossa town of Tanunda still features the Tanunda Kegel Club, founded in 1858. Lutheran Church of Australia The Lutheran Church of Australia ( LCA )
990-483: Is considered the English town as it was settled predominantly by Cornish miners and others from Britain . The third, and largest town, Nuriootpa , was influenced by both German and British settlers, and today is the commercial hub of the Barossa and it is where most of the larger stores are located. In February 2011, South Australian Premier , Mike Rann , announced that special legislation would be introduced to protect
1056-464: Is in "violation of the will of God. The wide use of contraceptives has aided the general decline in sexual morality." The Lutheran Church of Australia's "Statement on Homosexuality" was adopted by the General Synod, 1975 Convention. It contains the following paragraphs. "God's Word is silent about homosexuality as a propensity. In view of this and in the light of medical, and psychological evidence,
1122-409: Is of importance, it does not prevail over sola scriptura . The church "adhere[s] to the three ecumenical (or universal) creeds of Christians around the world." It also "subscribes to the central teachings (or confessions) of Lutherans worldwide." The church advocates film censorship, stating that "X-rated and violent videos are an assault on God's gifts; they pervert his gift of sexuality, and deny
1188-415: Is overshadowed by the wine industry, significant food production occurs in the Barossa Valley, including: The Barossa Valley holds a weekly Farmers' Market , supplying local produce which is sold directly by the producer. The week-long Barossa Vintage Festival is held biennially, in odd-numbered years. The festival runs for around a week in autumn , and traditionally marks and celebrates the completion of
1254-706: Is the major Lutheran denomination in Australia and New Zealand . It was created from a merger of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Australia and the United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Australia in 1966. The first Lutherans to come to Australia in any significant number were the immigrants from Prussia , who arrived in 1838 with Pastor August Kavel . This period in Prussia was marked by
1320-547: The Barossa Range , which was named by Colonel William Light in 1837. Light chose the name in memory of the British victory over the French in the Battle of Barrosa , in which he fought in 1811. The name "Barossa" was registered in error, due to a clerical error in transcribing the name "Barrosa". The area is approximately 13 by 14 kilometres (8.1 by 8.7 mi). The three major towns of
1386-480: The 19th century. Some words from Barossa German have entered South Australian English . The first wave of German settlement in Australia began in 1838. German was first spoken in the Barossa Valley in the 1840s, when German Lutheran settlers from Prussia arrived in the area. Use of the German language in Australia declined as a result of World War I . Many Germans were interned , and immigration by German people
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#17328528515591452-496: The Barossa have distinctive characteristics. Tanunda is generally recognised as the most German of the three, with traditions dating back to the 1840s when the first German settlers arrived in the area . Since many of the German settlers came from Prussian Silesia , they called the Barossa Neu-Schlesien , or " New Silesia ". The German influence survives to this day ( see Barossa German ). Angaston , in contrast,
1518-498: The Bible is silent on homosexual orientation. Homosexuals are welcomed into the congregation." The LCA has communicated that the church does not consider sexual orientation to be a choice, saying, "People do not generally choose to be homosexual." The LCA's statements on homosexuality and same-sex relationships include a statement that defines marriage as heterosexual, between one man and one woman, and also supports civil unions, that provide
1584-842: The Catholic, Anglican and Uniting. Even the Queensland president of the Lutheran Church, Bjelke-Petersen's denomination, more than once took his place alongside leaders of the other three major churches at press conferences, criticising actions or policies of the State Government." "The inspiration for this development of Church taking on the State was the Confessing Church in 1930s Germany, the Second Vatican Council, church involvement in
1650-507: The Church may not condemn or judge homosexual propensity. It is part of the mysterious disturbance and distortion that has entered God's creation and his created social structures. Like disease, it must be seen in the context of the Fall and the resultant intrusion of disruptive and abnormal forces which have upset and perverted God's original design." "God's word regards this disruption and perversion as
1716-459: The General Pastors' Conference for discussion and comment. These papers are a stage along the way to producing a statement on human sexuality, as the Church re-examines, explains and applies its teaching pastorally. The new statement will also replace the LCA's 1975 statement on homosexuality. (pg 283ff) Like many Protestant churches, the LCA "does not condemn nor judge homosexuality and claims
1782-472: The LCA constitution, they are free to exercise their own interpretations of the LCA's mission and ministry objectives." Every three years representatives of the LCA's congregations meet for a Synod meeting. Pastors provide input regarding theological matters, but in effect it is the people in the pews, rather than church leaders, who determine the direction of [the] church." According to the church, "Our logo represents how we see ourselves as two nations under
1848-532: The LCA has some reservations when it comes to deciding how much attention it should give to other social justice issues. Indeed, some members are concerned that "Full membership [of the Lutheran World Federation] could lead us down the path of social activism since some LWF churches seem to care more about social justice than justification by faith." Other LCA congregants look on this differently, feeling that "The LWF will help us become more conscious of
1914-644: The LCA to deviate from the doctrines of the more mainstream (or, indeed, liberal) European Lutherans. As the academic Robert Putnam states, the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod is "the most conservative Christian denomination in America". The church is happy to support the Australian Christian Lobby where such an emphasis is supportive of the teachings of the Word of God. As it grapples with
1980-409: The Lutheran Church does not emphatically reject capital punishment. Rather, it states that "because of the lack of a clear biblical directive, the church can only say that capital punishment is not contrary to the will of God, but is not demanded by God... Nevertheless, the church should not cease its witness to the sanctity of human life and demand punishment for those who commit murder. At the same time
2046-571: The Lutheran primary school at Lyndoch, hosts the Barossa Airshow annually as its fundraiser. Major Town Populations: As a rural region, there is also significant population outside of the town centres (not shown here). The Barossa Valley railway line runs through several townships in the valley. The line opened in 1911 and was last used in June 2014. It has since been closed. The wine industry plays
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2112-677: The South Australian Lutheran community in 1846, and two separate synods were established. The followers of Kavel founded the Langmeil-Light Pass Synod , and those of Fritzsche the Bethany-Lobethal Synod . These two groups came eventually to be named the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Australia , which derived from the Bethany-Lobethal Synod, and the United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Australia which
2178-639: The Southern Cross, created by God, redeemed by Jesus Christ and empowered by the Holy Spirit to serve the people of our two nations and the world." The church's tagline is "Where Love Comes to Life", which congregants believe "reflects the heart and soul of [their] mission". The official hymn book of the Lutheran Church of Australia is the Lutheran Hymnal with Supplement . The church is happy to use gender-inclusive language where this does not detract from
2244-608: The US civil rights movement, and new theological movements such as feminist, black and liberation theology which gathered momentum through the 1960s and 70s." The church rejects the notion of human rights: "The word of God nowhere declares that human beings have fundamental rights which they can claim or secure or extend. Nowhere does the Bible mention the concept of human rights or its equivalent; nowhere does it refer to sacred, inviolable, immutable rights which are based in human nature as such. Nowhere are they considered as direct realisations of
2310-473: The addictive and controlling influence of X-rated and violent videos." Like historical Christianity, the LCA holds to conservative views on sex. Although it does not oppose contraception, overall it feels "that normally married couples should have children ... Nowhere in Scripture, however, is there any indication that married couples should produce offspring to the extent of their biological maximum. Nor has
2376-514: The area has seen opposition from the local communities. The region has a strong German Lutheran history, and many residents identify themselves as Lutherans. Some towns have more than one Lutheran church. Tanunda, for example, has Langmeil, St. Paul's, Tabor and St. Johns. Nuriootpa has St. Petri and Holy Trinity. Angaston has Zion and Salem (Penrice). Each major town has a Lutheran primary school. Tanunda has Tanunda Lutheran School, Nuriootpa has Redeemer, and Angaston has Good Shepherd. St. Jakobi,
2442-460: The authorities of its views on relevant legislative and political decisions, socio-moral issues, ethical concerns, economic circumstances, and other matters which affect the well-being and security of the people. The church cannot afford to be silent in the face of mounting armaments and increasing national and international tensions; to do so would be to fail in its obligation to help prevent mass destruction and to minimise global conflict." However,
2508-450: The burdens of others' (cf Gal 6:2), especially of people oppressed and suffering injustice inflicted on them by those who, instead of justice, exercise brutal power. With the prophets and apostles, it proclaims God's judgment against those who do such evil... The church realises that, in a conflict-ridden world, wars are initiated as a result of greed, rivalry, suspicion, lust for power, etc. Against such evils and their disastrous consequences,
2574-460: The church ever taught this [but] all avoidance of parenthood for selfish reasons, such as unwillingness to assume the responsibilities and sacrifices of bearing and rearing children, is opposed to the will of God. They warn especially against a self-indulgent use of contraceptives." The church continues to hold a sacred view of marriage and believes that sexual relations belong within the marriage relationship. The church believes that pre-marital sex
2640-533: The church feels that (with regard to calling God "the Father"), "The language which we use for God is not merely metaphorical or picture language. Our language for God involves the actual nature of God as revealed to us in Christ. The God who is revealed to humanity in the holy Scriptures is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, three persons in the one Godhead... [However]... When the writers of the holy Scriptures speak of God, they use
2706-477: The church had 320 parishes , 540 congregations and 70,000 baptised members in Australia and 1,130 baptised members in New Zealand. According to the Lutheran Church of Australia website in 2013, "Government censuses indicate that about 250,000 Australians and New Zealanders identify as Lutheran. In practice, though, the Lutheran Church of Australia (LCA), which includes the Lutheran Church of New Zealand (LCNZ),
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2772-421: The church raises its warning and pleading voice... The church views with deep concern and sadness the enormous build-up of nuclear and other destructive armaments in the world today... The escalation of weapon systems and their possible use create anxiety, fear, and unrest throughout the world, and pose a real threat to present and future generations and their natural habitat... The church pleads with governments and
2838-467: The church should encourage the state to develop clear and plausible concepts of the reason, meaning and purpose of the punishments which by law it determines for crimes that have been committed." However, a way to administer capital punishment objectively is out of reach from mankind as a whole. Therefore, Lutherans believe that it should not be administered. As it says in the book of Romans chapter 12 verse 19 "Dear friends, never take revenge. Leave that to
2904-503: The citizens of their countries to embark on nuclear disarmament. It cannot under any circumstances support either wars of mass destruction or armed conflicts which violate the mandate of peace and the principles of justice. The church denounces the use of financial resources required for help in the existing areas of global human need (eg hunger, homelessness, disease, and poverty) for the manufacture and deployment of weapons of mass destruction... The church supports legislation which recognises
2970-569: The countryside, or a few smaller towns such as Moculta and Springton . All of these towns are part of the Barossa local government . The townships of Greenock , population 1087, Seppeltsfield , population 138, and Maranaga, population 104, are located on the western ridge of the valley in Light Regional Council . Many facilities not available in these towns are usually supplemented in nearby Gawler . In recent years, increased development in
3036-445: The dignity of human beings." The church rejects the idea that the definition of what is pornographic may be subjective and differ from audience to audience. To the contrary, the church feels that, "The trite comment, 'Evil is in the eye of the beholder', does not take seriously the evil in all people, including those who profit from the exploitation of men, women and children who are used in the production of this material. It also ignores
3102-521: The issue of how it should modernise yet stay faithful to Christ's teachings, the church is experiencing declining membership across Australia. According to the 2011 Australian census, there are now more Hindus than Lutherans in Australia. The LCA very believes that the Bible is the primary source of revelation and instruction for Christians. This Lutheran doctrine is known as sola scriptura . According to this doctrine, though revelation through experience
3168-403: The late 20th century. For example, Colin Thiele claimed to have spoken nothing but German until he went to school. Because most German immigrants to the Barossa were from Prussia and Silesia , Barossa German is classifiable as a Central German dialect. It is therefore relatively close to Standard German , when compared to analogous dialects spoken by German diaspora communities around
3234-418: The ordination of women. This is because a change to the doctrine of the church requires a two-thirds majority support. Church leaders have recognised the divisiveness of this issue and the capacity for it to cause a schism which could result in the church becoming non-viable. On 5 October 2024, the General Synod voted to remove the clause banning ordination of women from their "Theses of Agreement", thus opening
3300-399: The possibility of women's ordination. Previously, women could serve as lay readers in special circumstances and assist at the distribution of Holy Communion , but not as pastors. The LCA believes in the separation of church and state: "The church has been charged with only one commission by its risen and ascended Lord: to preach the gospel of the forgiveness of sins, life, and salvation to
3366-662: The region as well. Marananga is home to the only sub-regional wine competition in Australia, hosted by the Gnadenfrei Lutheran church community since 2004 and focussed solely on benchmarking wines produced on the Western Ridge of the valley. The Barossa Valley is a rich source of some of the oldest Shiraz vines in the world. Shiraz vines planted as early as 1847 by Johann Frederick August Fiedler on Lot 1, Hundred of Moorooroo (the township of Tanunda) are still in commercial production today by Turkey Flat Vineyards. Although it
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#17328528515593432-443: The right to endeavour to exert political pressure, for instance, by forming a political party or by lobbying or by instructing its members how they must vote in political elections or referendums. Its members must act together with all members of society to do what is possible in each political case on the basis of what reason suggests and the power available permits. The church as such can and should, of course, point quite distinctly to
3498-459: The same legal rights of marriage, for same-sex couples. Church guidelines do not allow for same-sex marriages to be conducted by clergy, but the church has said it does not prohibit, or encourage, the use of church sanctuaries and halls for same-sex marriages performed by civil celebrants; that decision is left to the local congregation. The LCA rejects new translations of the Bible and liturgy that use inclusive language in reference to God. Rather,
3564-452: The social implications of the gospel and provide opportunities to work in partnership with other Lutherans in addressing questions of international significance." Despite its reservations on speaking out extensively on issues, the LCA does recognise Social Justice Sunday. Also, in the past the church has been prepared to join the other major Christian denominations in protesting against Queensland's culture of political corruption, even when
3630-578: The teachings of the Bible will modernise the language of its hymns where such modernisation is practical. In comparison to many Lutheran synods in Europe, the Lutheran Church of Australia as of 2012 remains a strongly confessional church. The reason for this is two-fold. Firstly, there was the early influence of the Old Lutherans and, secondly, "from the 1880s the church sought pastors from the US (Missouri Synod)." The influence of these American Lutherans caused
3696-498: The then-premier, Joh Bjelke-Petersen , was himself of Lutheran heritage. Indeed, "As Bjelke-Petersen's premiership progressed there emerged from religious sources, and on religious grounds, some resistance to the policies Bjelke-Petersen and his administration were pursuing. The ban on street marching, the assault on indigenous missions and the SEQEB industrial dispute all precipitated strenuous opposition from mainstream churches, particularly
3762-664: The unique heritage of the Barossa Valley and of McLaren Vale . He said: "Barossa and McLaren Vale food and wine are key icons of South Australia. We must never allow the Barossa or McLaren Vale to become suburbs of Adelaide." The Character Preservation (Barossa Valley) Act 2012 was subsequently passed by the South Australian Parliament. In 2021, 25,066 people lived in the Barossa Valley. Most inhabitants live in Tanunda, Nuriootpa, Angaston, Williamstown and Lyndoch , each having over 1,000 people. The remaining population lives in
3828-416: The validity of conscientious objection of citizens..." Despite their avowed pacifism and belief in the separation of church and state, the LCA still sponsors military chaplains. In theory, the LCA is outspoken when it comes to issues such as opposing warfare. Officially, it has stated that it must give "witness to governments about its commitment to the word of God and to prayer for peace. It will inform
3894-545: The will of God (the Law) to which all people, including all those in authority, should be obedient..." "This basic principle... holds also in respect of social problems. Some of these involve the moral law and the church must not fail to bear witness to God's will where that will is quite plain. Many other social problems call for the exercise of love. In these the church as a corporate body, and not only through its members, can and should act when emergencies are there and when society as
3960-469: The will of God. They are not a divine law, not eternal truths. [However] the contribution of Christian theology to the secular concern for human rights will be critical assessment and elucidation so that that concern may acquire a basic direction which corresponds to, or is parallel to, Christian ethics." In contrast to nearly all mainstream Protestant denominations, including the Anglican and Uniting Churches,
4026-525: The world, and has entertainment for all tastes including a huge street parade, concerts and gourmet dining. The Barossa Valley is primarily known for its red wine, in particular Shiraz . Normally, large proportions of Barossa Shiraz are used in Penfolds Grange , Australia's most famous wine. Other main grape varieties grown in the region include: Riesling ; Semillon ; Grenache and Cabernet Sauvignon . Fortified wines have been traditionally produced in
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#17328528515594092-419: The world. According to linguist Peter Mickan, Barossa German has incorporated some elements of South Australian English , including some English vocabulary and grammatical forms . The best-known examples of Barossa German vocabulary are words which have been adopted by South Australian English. One such local word with German origins is "butcher", the name given to a 200 ml (7 fl.oz. ) beer glass, which
4158-475: The year's vintage season , at the end of March and beginning of April. A variety of wine-themed events are held during the festival, including wine tastings and competitions, musical events, food events with local produce, balls and parades. The Barossa Vintage Festival was first held in 1947, to celebrate the end of the grape harvest, and the end of hostilities in World War II , and has run continually since. It
4224-403: The young (under 35 years of age)." "Hormone treatment will not change the direction of the sexual drive, although it may lessen its intensity." "Punishment does not result in change of propensity, although it may restrict overt behaviour." The regular Convention of the LCA in 2013 was presented with an interim paper entitled "Human Sexuality: Key Issues today." A larger paper was presented to
4290-615: Was of the Langmeil-Light Pass Synod, and a number of other synods that had developed. These two denominations joined to form the Lutheran Church of Australia in 1966. A significant influx occurred after World War II and migration also brought a number of Lutherans from other European countries. Lutherans set up missions in Aboriginal communities. Noel Pearson , for instance, was raised in such an environment. As of 2009,
4356-569: Was officially banned between 1914 and 1925. In addition, the German language was actively suppressed by the Australian government during the war. For example, many placenames with German origins were changed . Lutheran schools were closed and were re-opened as state schools teaching in English. There is some evidence that Barossa German was the first language of some people in South Australia until
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