42-635: The Barossa Range ( Kaurna : Yampoori ) is a mountain range located in the Australian state of South Australia . The range is a part of the southern Mount Lofty Ranges and the western slopes primarily fall into the Barossa Valley . As such, the range is the main source for the North Para River and its tributary Jacob's Creek . The highest point of the range is Mount Kaiser Stuhl with an elevation of 588 metres (1,929 ft) AHD and forms part of
84-507: A dialect of the Kadli language, along with Ngadjuri , Narungga , and Nukunu , and "Nantuwara", with kadli meaning "dog" in these varieties. However this name has not gained wide acceptance and is not recorded as a language in the AIATSIS AUSTLANG database. Luise Hercus and J. Simpson (2002, 2006) classify Kaurna as within the subgroup of Thura-Yura languages . The name "Kaurna"
126-560: A Kaurna language program was introduced into Kaurna Plains School in 1992. Elizabeth City High School and Elizabeth West Adult Campus introduced the teaching of the language in 1994, and other schools have followed suit. TAFE courses to train Kaurna language teachers were developed by Mary-Anne Gale. Kaurna linguistics courses have been taught at the University of Adelaide since 1997. and both Kaurna and non-Kaurna have been studying and speaking
168-416: A federal government grant, is under way to revise the spellings. Amery has been overseeing much of the work. It is intended that the final version will be released in print and in electronic form, including a phone app . In 2021, a printed Kaurna dictionary was published, as well as a Ngarrindjeri one. Amery and his wife, Ngarrindjeri linguist Mary-Anne Gale, have helped to drive the project. There has been
210-536: A growing number of Kaurna speakers in the 21st century. The first students of courses specially tailored to the teaching of Aboriginal language , run by Tauondi Aboriginal College in Port Adelaide , enabling those who have learnt the language to pass on their skills to communities, graduated in July 2021. With the teachers and students often in the older age group, by July 2022 two of the first graduates had died. There
252-566: A position she held until 1954, when she emigrated to Australia. She married the scientist Graham Robertson Hercus, on 23 February 1955 (died 1974). Together they had one child, Iain Robertson Hercus, who obtained a doctorate in astronomy. From 1965 to 1969, Hercus was a research fellow at the University of Adelaide , South Australia. It was at that time that she began to pursue private studies in Aboriginal languages, managing to pull some from
294-480: A sketch grammar , hundreds of phrases and sentences along with English translations, traditional songlines , and textual illustrations of differences among dialects. They also created Kaurna translations of six German hymns as well as the Ten Commandments . Other Europeans such as William Wyatt , William Williams , William Cawthorne and Matthew Moorhouse were interested in the people and learnt some of
336-544: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kaurna language Kaurna ( / ˈ ɡ ɑːr n ə / or / ˈ ɡ aʊ n ə / ) is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by the Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia . The Kaurna peoples are made up of various tribal clan groups, each with their own parnkarra district of land and local dialect. These dialects were historically spoken in
378-413: Is a need for more funding and more teachers. Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi (meaning "creating Kaurna language") is a group developing and promoting the recovery of the Kaurna language. It was established in 2002 by two Kaurna elders , Lewis Yerloburka O'Brien and Alitya Wallara Rigney , and linguist Robert Amery . The group now includes other Kaurna people, teachers, linguists and language enthusiasts. It
420-528: Is a table of some of these cases. Kaurna has 3 numbers: singular , dual (-rla, -dla) and plural (-rna). Efforts to reintroduce Kaurna names, beginning in 1980 with the naming of Warriappendi School, in 1980 by Auntie Leila Rankine , have been made within the public domain. Since the Adelaide City Council drew up a Reconciliation Vision Statement in 1997, they committed to a dual naming project, working with Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi, to cover
462-525: Is available on the Council website. Between 1980 and 2012, around 1000 entities were assigned Kaurna names, including people, pets, organisations, buildings, parks, walking trails, an allele (a hereditary gene or chromosome), brand names, and the Kari Munaintya tram and Tindo solar bus. Some place names are known from historical sources, but not officially used as yet, such as Patpangga ( Rapid Bay ) "in
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#1732855512303504-404: Is managed by the Kaurna people. Kaurna had not been spoken as a native language since the Kaurna people had been pushed out of their traditional lands since the colonisation of South Australia in the 19th century, with the population in decline due to various factors. Ivaritji ( c. 1849 – 1929) was the last known speaker, but it was probably last only widely spoken in the early 1860s. In
546-661: The Diyari language . Hercus had been publishing significant articles on linguistic features of Middle Indo-Aryan dialects (Prakrits) since 1953 (using her maiden name), and a collected volume reprinting and indexing them was published by the ANU Faculty of Asian Studies in 1991 (her last article on the topic was in 1979). After 1991, she became a visiting fellow in the Department of Linguistics at ANU, writing up grammars, dictionaries and traditional texts, and continuing fieldwork, mainly in
588-524: The Kaiserstuhl Conservation Park . Mengler Hill , another notable peak within the range, lies on the road route from Tanunda to Angaston . The range was named by Colonel William Light in 1837 after Barrosa Hill (Cerro de Puerco) in the modern municipality of Chiclana de la Frontera , Spain , to which it he thought it similar. The Spanish location was the site of the Battle of Barrosa and
630-661: The city centre and North Adelaide , including the five public squares and Adelaide park lands . Victoria Square , in the centre of Adelaide city, is now also known as Tarntanyangga , all 29 Parks around the city have been assigned a Kaurna name, and the River Torrens is now also named Karrawirra Parri . The renaming of 39 sites was finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. Others include Piltawodli (now Pirltawardli ), " brushtail possum home"; Warriparringga ( Warriparinga ) "windy river place". The full list of square and park names, along with meanings and pronunciations,
672-468: The 1980s, Kaurna people who had moved back into the Adelaide Plains area began to learn and use their language again. Robert Amery , head of Linguistics at the University of Adelaide , who has devoted much of his life and career to Indigenous languages, in particular Kaurna: "After more than 25 years of painstaking effort, there are now several Kaurna people who can conduct a conversation in Kaurna without resorting to English too quickly, and we are seeing
714-755: The First World War ('Kaiser Stuhl', for example, temporarily being renamed 'Mount Kitchener'). Thus named, the Barossa Range was the source of many other local place names, such as the Hundred of Barossa and better-known Barossa Valley . The Heysen Walking Trail and the Mawson Cycling Trail both traverse the range. It is also home to some of the many wineries in the region, including those in Eden Valley . This South Australia geography article
756-630: The Kaurna people while the language was dormant. The Kaurna Warra Karrpanthi Aboriginal Corporation (KWK) was registered in 2013 to support the reclamation and promotion of the language of the Kaurna nation, including training and teaching. In 2022 a dictionary written by Rob Amery and co-authors Susie Greenwood and Jasmin Morley was published. It includes not only the words included on the handwritten lists made by Teichelmann and Schürmann 160 years earlier, but also 4,000 new words that were created in consultation with local elders and Kaurna speakers. The cover
798-538: The area bounded by Crystal Brook and Clare in the north, Cape Jervis in the south, and just over the Mount Lofty Ranges . Kaurna ceased to be spoken on an everyday basis in the 19th century and the last known native speaker, Ivaritji , died in 1929. Language revival efforts began in the 1980s, with the language now frequently used for ceremonial purposes, such as dual naming and welcome to country ceremonies. Robert M. W. Dixon (2002) classified Kaurna as
840-605: The artist Alfred and his wife, Theodora Schwarzschild. The family descended from a long line of rabbis, merchants and intellectuals. Her uncle was the noted astronomer and physicist Karl Schwarzschild . On the assumption of power in Germany by Hitler , their position as Jewish people rapidly deteriorated, despite financial assistance from an uncle who had emigrated to the United States. With her family, she took refuge in England in 1938, and
882-543: The brink of oblivion, as for example with Wangganguru , which she recorded with the assistance of her informant, Mick McLean Irinjili. After 1969, she took up an appointment as senior lecturer, and then reader, in Sanskrit , in the Department of South Asian and Buddhist Studies at the Australian National University , Canberra. In the 1970s, Hercus, along with Peter K. Austin and David Trefry, did research on
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#1732855512303924-405: The colonists as "King John"), was one of Lutheran missionaries Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann 's main sources. Encounter Bay Bob , as his name suggests, came from Encounter Bay (Victor Harbor) and was most likely a fully initiated elder Ramindjeri man. Thus "Meyunna" is probably an endonym and would linguistically be preferable as the name for this language group, as suggested in
966-490: The exception of ⟨rd⟩ /ɾ/ . Pre-stopped consonants are preceded by ⟨d⟩ . Below are the consonants of Kaurna (Amery, R & Simpson, J 2013 ). Kaurna places primary stress on the first syllable. Kaurna has relatively free word order . Kaurna uses a range of suffixed case markers to convey information including subjects, objects, spacio-temporal state and other such information. These sometimes have variations in pronunciation and spelling. Below
1008-521: The family settled in East Finchley , in northern London, where she attended Tollington Hill School . Due to the air raids on London, the family moved to Hampstead Gardens . At 17, Hercus won a scholarship to St Anne's College, Oxford , where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in Oriental Studies in 1946, followed by an M.A. In 1948, she was appointed tutor and lecturer at St Anne's College,
1050-453: The first semi-native speakers of Kaurna emerging". Kaurna is now frequently used to give Welcomes to Country . Sustained efforts to revive the language in from 1989 included the writing of several Kaurna songs originally written in the Ngarrindjeri , Narungga and Kaurna languages. A second songbook, Kaurna Paltinna , was published in 1999. Following one-off workshops in 1990 and 1991,
1092-671: The first wordlist of the language, containing 168 words, after calling in at the Gulf St Vincent en route to Western Australia in 1826, before the colony of South Australia had been established. His sources were listed as Harry and Sally. Schürmann and Teichelmann, who ran a school at Piltawodli , gained most of their knowledge of the language from three respected elders : Mullawirraburka ("King John" / "Onkaparinga Jack"), Kadlitpinna ("Captain Jack") and Ityamaiitpinna ("[King Rodney"). The two missionaries recorded around about 3000 words,
1134-519: The following languages (and their dialects): Besides Australian languages, Hercus also studied Romance and early Indian languages. Hercus was a prolific author, with 163 works to her credit at WorldCat Identities , but perhaps best known for the following works: Of particular value to her Aboriginal informants is her On 12 June 1995, Luise Hercus became a Member of the Order of Australia , for her service to education and linguistics, particularly through
1176-404: The language. The records, including an extensive vocabulary and grammar, compiled by Teichelmann and Schürmann in the 1840s have proven valuable in projects to reconstruct the language. The Kaurna Learners' Guide ( Kulurdu Marni Ngathaitya ) was published in 2013, and Kaurna radio shows have been broadcast since 2012. The Kaurna Dictionary Project at the University of Adelaide , funded by
1218-689: The language; several wrote about the "Adelaide Tribe" in their memoirs. Williams created a list of 377 Kaurna words, published in the Southern Australian on 15 May 1839 and republished in The South Australian Colonist on 14 July 1840. His work entitled A vocabulary of the language of the Aborigines of the Adelaide district, and other friendly tribes, of the Province of South Australia
1260-470: The material were unique sound recordings of Pantyikali , Nukunu , Woiwurrung , Dadi Dadi , Djadjala , Gunnai , Narungga , Wadi Wadi , Wergaia, Kurnu , and Nari Nari . In addition, a second Festschrift, the book, Language, land and song: Studies in honour of Luise Hercus , with contributions from over 30 scholars, was published online in 2017, to honour her lifelong engagement with Aboriginal people and their languages. Hercus wrote on, among others,
1302-663: The mid-1990s. However, they are now universally known as the Kaurna people. Library of Congress Subject Headings gives the following variant names (all followed by "language"): Adelaide; Coorna; Gauna; Gaurna; Gawurna; Kaura; Kawurna. The Endangered Languages Project names the following alternatives: Kaura, Coorna, Koornawarra, Nganawara, Kurumidlanta, Milipitingara, Widninga, Winnaynie, Meyu, Winaini, Winnay-nie, Wakanuwan, Adelaide tribe, Warra, Warrah, Karnuwarra, Jaitjawar:a, Padnaindi, Padnayndie, Medaindi, Medain-die, Merildekald, Merelde, Gaurna, Nantuwara, Nantuwaru, Meljurna, Midlanta. French explorer Joseph Paul Gaimard recorded
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1344-435: The north of South Australia and adjacent areas of New South Wales and Queensland. A Festschrift was presented to Hercus on the occasion of her retirement in 1990. In January 2016, AIATSIS presented Hercus with digital copies of the foundational sound recordings, of which she had made over 1,000 hours ranging over 56 native languages and dialects, as a token of gratitude in celebrating her 90th birthday. Included in
1386-513: The original name for Adelaide. The annual Tarnanthi Festival of Contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art takes its name from the Kaurna word meaning "to rise, come forth, spring up or appear". Many prominent South Australian place names are drawn from the Kaurna language: English-Kaurna hybridised placenames include: Possible Kaurna placenames include: Luise Hercus Luise Anna Hercus AM FAHA , née Schwarzschild , (16 January 1926 – 15 April 2018)
1428-470: The preservation of Aboriginal languages and culture. Hercus worked with Janet Mathews (1914–1992), who recorded around 180 hours of Aboriginal music and language, "containing testimony from more than eighty Aboriginal people" . Hercus co-wrote an obituary for Mathews after her death in 1992. Their work proved important in providing evidence of sacred sites on Mumbulla Mountain in New South Wales in
1470-585: The south"; Pattawilyangga (Patawalonga, Glenelg ) "swamp gum foliage"; and Yertabulti ( Port Adelaide ). Public artworks, beginning in 1995 with the Yerrakartarta installation outside the Intercontinental Hotel on North Terrace, Adelaide , have also incorporated words, phrases and text drawn from the Kaurna language, and the universities and other organisations have also taken on Kaurna names. The Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute uses
1512-498: The vowel. Historically, Kaurna has had ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩ used varyingly in older versions of its orthography, but these are not reflected in the phonology of the language. The consonant inventory of Kaurna is similar to that of other Pama-Nyungan languages (compare with Adnyamathanha , in the same Thura-Yura grouping). In the orthography, dental consonants are followed by ⟨h⟩ and palatals by ⟨y⟩ , and retroflex consonants are preceded by ⟨r⟩ , with
1554-619: Was a German-born linguist who lived in Australia from 1954. After significant early work on Middle Indo-Aryan dialects ( Prakrits ) she had specialised in Australian Aboriginal languages since 1963, when she took it up as a hobby. Works authored or co-authored by her are influential, and often among the primary resource materials on many languages of Australia. Hercus was born Luise Anna Schwarzschild on 16 January 1926 in Munich , Germany, to
1596-655: Was created from a series of workshops funded by a University of Adelaide grant in 2000, and is hosted by the department of linguistics at the University of Adelaide. KWP-run language classes through both the Kaurna Plains School and the university. KWP has created a uniform dialect of the language, making new words such as mukarntu ( mukamuka brain + karntu lightning), meaning "computer", and other words for things such as modern appliances, transportation, cuisine, and other common features of life that have changed for
1638-461: Was designed by Kaurna artist Katrina Karlapina Power. Entitled Kaurna Warrapiipa, Kaurna Dictionary , the dictionary contains translations both ways (Kaurna and English ). and is published by Wakefield Press . Kaurna has three different vowels with contrastive long and short lengths (a, i, u, a:, i:, u:), and three diphthongs (ai, au, ui). The three main vowels are represented by ⟨a⟩, ⟨i⟩ and ⟨u⟩ respectively, with long vowels indicated by doubling
1680-483: Was not widely used until popularised by South Australian Museum Ethnographer Norman B. Tindale in the 1920s. The term "Kaurna" was first recorded by Missionary Surgeon William Wyatt (1879: 24) for "Encounter Bay Bob's Tribe". At the same time he recorded "Meeyurna" for " Onkaparinga Jack 's Tribe". Kaurna most likely derives from kornar , the word for "people" in the neighbouring Ramindjeri/ Ngarrindjeri language . Mullawirraburka (Onkaparinga Jack, also known to
1722-494: Was self-published in 1839, to be sold in London as well as Adelaide. Others who recorded some knowledge of Kaurna included James Cronk, Walter Bromley , George Augustus Robinson , Hermann Koeler, Louis Piesse, Edward Stephens and James Chittleborough. In the 19th century, there was also a Kaurna-based pidgin used as a contact language. The former range of the language was mapped by Norman Tindale and later Robert Amery , and
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1764-495: Was won by Light's friend Lord Lynedoch (Lt. Gen. Sir Thomas Graham) in 1811. The word barrosa (mis-spelt in the naming of the valley, two 'r' and one 's' becoming one 'r' and two 's'; similarly the nearby town of 'Lyndoch' rather than 'Lynedoch'), in Spanish and Portuguese languages simply means "muddy". Confusion regarding the spelling and origin of the range also resulted in mistaken moves to change it as part of 'de-Germaning' during
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