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66-518: The British, however, declined the demand and the NWFP was joined with Pakistan on basis of the result of July 1947 NWFP Referendum . In response, the then Chief Minister of NWFP Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan (Dr Khan Sahib) , his younger brother Khan Abdul Ghaffarar Khan (Bacha Khan) and the Khudai Khidmatgars , as well as some Pashtun tribes of NWFP boycotted the referendum, citing that it did not offer

132-497: A Modern History states that elders and religious leaders attempted to prevent female participation by threatening punishment against tribesmen whose women registered, leading to under-registration in the female population. In 2008, the Taliban ordered women in the FATA regions of Bajaur , Kurram and Mohmand against voting under threat of "serious punishment", while Mangal Bagh , chief of

198-853: A choice to have an independent state of Pashtunistan , composing all Pashtun territories of British India - an exemption from the British plan to award territories in British India to either Pakistan or India. Under Clement Attlee, the British Raj refused to consider the resolution's demands, because in July 1947, the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the Indian Independence Act 1947 declaring that by 15 August 1947 it would divide British India into

264-505: A much earlier date were noted in their relatively different cultural habits. "The high road, along which the Mohammedan conquerors and rulers of India passed and repassed lay through the north (the Khyber , Kurram and other routes); and it is probable that Islam never took so firm a hold of the inhabitants of the southern district as of the people to the north of them. In this connection it

330-534: A report by the government of Pakistan there were around 50,000 religious minority members living in former FATA region. These included 20,000 Sikh, 20,000 Christians and 10,000 Hindus. In 1996, the Government of Pakistan finally granted the Federally Administered Tribal Areas the long requested "adult franchise", under which every adult would have the right to vote for their own representatives in

396-572: A resolution adopted by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa assembly asking for merger of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas with their province. The Awami National Party also made similar demands that the FATA be merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. These proposals were opposed by tribal parliamentarians in Islamabad. The name Qabailistan was proposed for FATA as a new province separate from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Qabailistan proposal never got any traction and

462-463: A separate administrative division where religious composition was not enumerated, except at small Trans-Frontier Posts in the region. Adherents of Islam who were indigenous to frontier regions that continued to have relatively large Hindu populations, and who were also relatively recent converts , were influenced by some traditions of Hinduism; in contrast, Muslims in frontier regions that had been further influenced by orthodox Islam and converted at

528-474: A timeframe of two years. The 25th Amendment received assent from President Mamnoon Hussain on 31 May 2018, after which FATA was officially merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . Although the British never succeeded in completely calming unrest in the region, it served as a buffer from unrest in Afghanistan . The British Colonial Government attempted to control the population of the annexed tribal regions with

594-409: A total of 6,050 government education institutions out of which 4,868 were functional. Out of these 4,868 functional institutions, 77 percent (3,729) were primary schools. Total enrolment in government institutions was 612,556 out of which 69 percent were studying at primary stage. Total number of working teachers in FATA was 22,610 out of which 7,540 were female. The survival rate from Grade KG to Grade 5

660-458: A vigorous struggle for life, but its ultimate destruction is, it is apprehended, inevitable without State support. Notwithstanding the Sikh Guru's powerful denunciation of Brahmans , secular Sikhs now rarely do anything without their assistance. Brahmans help them to be born, help them to wed , help them to die and help their souls after death to obtain a state of bliss. And Brahmans, with all

726-471: A whole. 43% of the former FATA region's citizens had access to clean drinking water. Much of the population is suspicious about modern medicine, and some militant groups are openly hostile to vaccinations. In June 2007, a Pakistani doctor was blown up in his car "after trying to counter the anti-vaccine propaganda of an imam in Bajaur ", Pakistani officials told The New York Times . The Former FATA region had

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792-438: A working well . They habitually ride on donkeys and do a multitude of other things which an orthodox Hindu would shrink from. All idolatrous observances are kept very much in the background. Except a few small images (thakurs) kept in their mandirs they have no idols at all. Nor is it their habit to take their gods about in procession . No one, in fact, sees anything of their worship . They burn their dead , and throw

858-576: Is difficult, local nongovernmental organizations were required to distribute aid, but there was a lack of trust amongst NGOs and other powers that hampered distribution. Pakistani NGOs were often targets of violent attacks by Islamist militants in the Former FATA region. Due to the extensive hostility to any hint of foreign influence, the American branch of Save the Children was distributing funding anonymously in

924-522: Is enough to notice that they had long been Mohammadan when they settled in their present homes, and that their fanaticism and intolerance, especially in the districts where they are strongest, rendered the Province no very inviting place of residence for settlers of a different creed. If no fanaticism in its inhabitants acted as a bar to the settlement of Hindus in Hazara , the absence of any large trade centres

990-655: Is interesting to notice that the Mussalman of the Derajat is less strict in his observance of the duties of his religion, such as fasts, prayers and the like, than his northern neighbours. Through Hazara lay the road by which the Emperors of Delhi went to and fro between the capital and their summer retreat in Kashmir , and it was natural that Islam should thoroughly permeate the district. Similarly Kohat , from its situation with regard to

1056-840: Is located six kilometers from the Pakistani border. It is considered the most dangerous location in Afghanistan. Since the September 11 attacks in the United States of 2001, the tribal areas were a major theatre of militancy and terrorism . The Pakistan Army launched 10 operations against the Pakistani Taliban since 2001, notably the Operation Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan . The operations displaced about two million people from

1122-808: The Constitution of Pakistan for the FATA-KP merger which was approved by the Senate the following day. Since the change was to affect the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , it was presented for approval in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly on 27 May 2018, and passed with majority vote. On 28 May 2018, the President of Pakistan signed the FATA Interim Governance Regulation, a set of interim rules for FATA until it merges with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa within

1188-569: The Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955, and of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan from 1970 to 2010. It was established on 9 November 1901 from the north-western districts of the British Punjab , during the British Raj . Following the referendum in 1947 to join either Pakistan or India , the province voted hugely in favour of joining Pakistan and it acceded accordingly on 14 August 1947. It

1254-656: The Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), which granted large amounts of power to local leaders along the North-West Frontier as part of the process of indirect rule . Due to "the extremely harsh, inhuman and discriminatory provisions" contained within the FCR, the legislation came to be known as the "black law." The annexed areas continued to be governed through the Frontier Crimes Regulations after

1320-596: The Frontier Crimes Regulations and to allow colonial-era regulation to continue with a sunset clause to be replaced entirely once a proper judicial system is in place in the tribal region. On 24 May 2018, the National Assembly of Pakistan passed a bill to enact the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan which called for the merger of FATA with the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The vote

1386-558: The Kurram Valley , which at no very distant period was, nominally at least, a portion of the Afghan kingdom , has been more influenced in the past by its Mohammedan neighbours to the west than have the districts to the south of it. There is no need to consider here the probable date at which the bulk of the Pathans living in the Province, or rather their ancestors, were converted to Islam . It

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1452-749: The Lashkar-e-Islam , forbade women to vote in the Jamrud and Bara subdivisions of the Khyber Agency . The region was controlled by the Federal government of Pakistan for more than seventy years until its merger with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . On behalf of the President, the Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly NWFP) used to exercise the federal authority in the context of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The Constitution of Pakistan had special provisions to rule

1518-460: The Parliament of Pakistan . The Federally Administered Tribal Areas were not allowed to organize political parties. Islamist candidates were able to campaign through mosques and madrasas , as a result of which mullahs were elected to represent the Federally Administered Tribal Areas in the National Assembly in 1997 and 2002. This was a departure from prior tribal politics, where power

1584-573: The Second Sikh War (1848–49). The territories thenceforth formed a part of Punjab until the province, then known as North West Frontier Province, was created in 1901 from the north-western districts of the Punjab Province. This region, along with the 'Frontier Tribal Areas', acted as a buffer zone with Afghanistan. Before the Partition of India , the 1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum

1650-588: The creation of Pakistan in 1947, by the Dominion of Pakistan in 1947, and into the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1956. According to the United States Institute of Peace , the character of the region underwent a shift beginning in the 1980s. Mujahideen entered to fight against the jirgas as allies of the CIA Operation Cyclone ; both were opposed to forces of the Soviet Union prior to

1716-776: The Election Commission of Pakistan, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas consisted of the following subdivisions and tehsils: The Frontier Regions were named after their adjacent settled Districts in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. The administration of the FR was carried out by the DCO / DC of the neighbouring named district. The overall administration of the frontier regions was carried out by the FATA Secretariat, based in Peshawar and reporting to

1782-637: The FATA. The rules which were framed by the British in 1901 as Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) also continued to operate. According to now repealed Article 247 of Constitution of Pakistan , The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and any of the High Court of Pakistan did not extend to FATA and Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA). The Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Provincial Assembly had no power in FATA, and can exercise its powers in PATA only for that which

1848-586: The Federally Administered Tribal Areas, release all prisoners, and permit tribesmen to carry small guns. On 4 June 2007, the National Security Council of Pakistan met to decide the fate of Waziristan and take up a number of political and administrative decisions to control " Talibanization " of the area. The meeting was chaired by President Pervez Musharraf and it was attended by the Chief Ministers and Governors of all four provinces. They discussed

1914-517: The Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The results showed that, on the issue of fighting militancy in the region, the people of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas overwhelmingly support the Pakistani military. Nearly 70 percent back the Pakistani military pursuing Al-Qaeda and Taliban fighters in the Tribal Areas. According to a survey, when asked how the Federally Administered Tribal Areas should be governed, 79 percent said it should be governed by

1980-511: The Frontier Crimes Regulations. However, some political parties opposed the merger, and called for the tribal areas to instead become a separate province of Pakistan . The proposed merger was near finalized at a meeting presided over by President Mamnoon Hussain at the Presidency in January 2017. The Prime Minister gave approval after discussing the issue with all the stakeholders. By March 2017,

2046-404: The Governor of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. The six regions were: The Former FATA region was amongst the most impoverished parts of the nation. Despite being home to 2.4% of Pakistan's population, it made up only 1.5% of Pakistan's economy with a per capita income of only $ 663 in 2010 only 34% of households managed to rise above the poverty level . Due to the Former FATA region's tribal organization,

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2112-606: The North–West Frontier Province in 1941. Religion in Urban North–West Frontier Province (1941) Religion in Urban North–West Frontier Province (1931) Religion in Urban North–West Frontier Province (1921) Federally Administered Tribal Areas The Federally Administered Tribal Areas , commonly known as FATA , was a semi-autonomous tribal region in north-western Pakistan that existed from 1947 until being merged with

2178-703: The Pakistani military. In 2014, about 929,859 people were reported to be internally displaced from North Waziristan as a result of Operation Zarb-e-Azb , a military offensive conducted by the Pakistan Armed Forces along the Durand Line . The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) consisted of two types of areas, the Tribal Agencies, and Frontier Regions . There were seven Tribal Agencies and six Frontier Regions. The Tribal Agencies were further divided into Subdivisions , and Tehsils . According to

2244-579: The Provincial Legislative Assembly in 1946. The voters voted overwhelmingly in favour of Pakistan versus India in the NWFP Referendum held in July 1947. 289,244 (99.02%) votes were cast in favour of Pakistan. North-West Frontier Province (1901%E2%80%932010) The North-West Frontier Province ( NWFP ; Pashto : شمال لویدیځ سرحدي ولایت , Urdu : شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبہ ) was a province of British India from 1901 to 1947, of

2310-521: The ashes into the Indus . They always keep a few of the bones, and take them, when the opportunity offers, to the Ganges ... There are a good many dharamsalas , mandirs , and dawaras at Dera Ismail Khan and in the cis- Indus tehsils ." Lastly, decadal census reports throughout the colonial era frequently detailed the difficulty of differentiating adherents of Hinduism with adherents of Sikhism , owing to

2376-492: The current Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province but excluding the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the former princely states of Amb , Chitral , Dir , Phulra and Swat . Its capital was the city of Peshawar , and the province was composed of six divisions ( Bannu , Dera Ismail Khan , Hazara , Kohat , Mardan , and Peshawar Division ; Malakand was later added as the seventh division). Until 1947,

2442-603: The deftness of Roman Catholic missionaries in Protestant countries have partially succeeded in persuading the Sikhs to restore to their niches the images of Devi , the Queen of Heaven, and the Saints and gods of the ancient faith." Religion in North–West Frontier Province (1941) With rapid population growth occurring across all districts in the province, Mardan District was added to

2508-499: The deteriorating law and order situation and the threat posed to state security. To crush the armed militancy in the Tribal regions and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, the government decided to intensify and reinforce law enforcement and military activity, take action against certain madrasas , and jam illegal FM radio stations. On 2 March 2017, the federal government considered a proposal to merge the tribal areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and to repeal

2574-555: The economy was chiefly pastoral , with some agriculture practiced in the region's few fertile valleys. Its total irrigated land was roughly 1,000 square kilometres. The region was a major center for opium trafficking, as well the smuggling of other contraband. Foreign aid to the region was a difficult proposition, according to Craig Cohen, an analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. Since security

2640-520: The extent to which the Pakistani Taliban had taken control. Troops entered the region, into South Waziristan and North Waziristan , eight more times between 2004 and 2006, and faced further Pakistani Taliban resistance. Peace accords entered into in 2004 and 2006 set terms whereby the tribesmen in the area would stop attacking Afghanistan, and the Pakistanis would halt major military actions against

2706-496: The fall of the Berlin Wall and collapse of Soviet Union. In 2001, the Tehrik-e-Taliban militants began entering into the region. In 2003, Taliban forces sheltered in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas began crossing the border into Afghanistan , attacking military and police after the United States invasion. Shkin , Afghanistan was a key location for these frequent battles. This heavily fortified military base housed mostly American special operations forces since 2002 and

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2772-445: The federal cabinet approved the merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and other reforms. On 18 December 2017, the National Implementation Committee (NIC) on FATA Reforms, chaired by Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi , endorsed the FATA-Khyber Pakhtunkhwa merger and agreed to let FATA elect 23 members to the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly in the July 2018 general elections . The NIC also decided to remove controversial sections of

2838-425: The neighbouring province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2018 through the Twenty-fifth amendment to the constitution of Pakistan . It consisted of seven tribal agencies (districts) and six frontier regions , and were directly governed by the federal government through a special set of laws called the Frontier Crimes Regulations . On 24 May 2018, the National Assembly of Pakistan voted in favour of an amendment to

2904-469: The options of the NWFP becoming independent or joining Afghanistan. The resolution was adopted on 21 June 1947, seven weeks before the Partition of British India , by Bacha Khan , Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai , the Khudai Khidmatgars , members of the Provincial Assembly, Mirzali Khan (Faqir of Ipi), and other tribal chiefs at a loya jirga held at Bannu , in British India ’s North-West Frontier Province . The resolution demanded that Pashtuns be given

2970-427: The population, language, and religious tables above and below. Separate population counts were taken in the Agencies and Tribal Areas , as detailed on the respective article page. At independence, there was a clear Muslim Pashtun , Hindkowan , and Punjabi majority in the North-West Frontier Province, although there were also significant Hindu and Sikh Pashtun , Hindkowan , and Punjabi minorities scattered across

3036-422: The province was bordered by five princely states to the north, the minor states of the Gilgit Agency to the northeast, the province of Punjab to the east and the province of Balochistan to the south. The Kingdom of Afghanistan lay to the northwest, with the Federally Administered Tribal Areas forming a buffer zone between the two. The northwestern frontier areas were annexed by the East India Company after

3102-514: The province. The languages of the North-West Frontier Province included Pashto, Hindko, Kohistani and others, although most of the population spoke either Pashto or Lahnda/Western Punjabi (primarily Hindko and Saraiki ). Prior to the arrival of the British, the official language , for governmental uses and such, was Persian . Religious counts below is for the entirety of NWFP ( Hazara , Mardan , Peshawar , Kohat , Bannu , and Dera Ismail Khan ). The Agencies and Tribal Areas constituted

3168-480: The region as of July 2007. The concept of setting up Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (ROZs) in the former FATA region and Afghanistan was an element in the United States Government's counter-terrorism and regional economic integration strategies. There was one hospital bed for every 2,179 people in the former FATA region, compared to one in 1,341 in Pakistan as a whole. There was one doctor for every 7,670 people compared to one doctor per 1,226 people in Pakistan as

3234-482: The six Frontier Regions in order from north to south was: FR Peshawar , FR Kohat , FR Bannu , FR Lakki Marwat , FR Tank , FR Dera Ismail Khan . The total population of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas was estimated in 2000 to be about 3,341,080 people, or roughly 2% of Pakistan's population. Only 3.1% of the population resides in established townships. According to 2011 estimates FATA gained 62.1% population over its 1998 figures, totaling up to 4,452,913. This

3300-491: The system which flourishes in the United Provinces and other areas to the east. Even of the Derajat , where, as we have seen, the Hindu population is proportionately most numerous, the writer of the Dera Ismail Khan Gazetteer notes, "the Hindus of this district are less particular in the matter of caste prejudices and observances than down country Hindus. Most of them will drink water that has been carried in Mussaks (skins for carrying water) or out of lotas detached from

3366-594: The traditional ability of the former in assimilating and integrating followers of varied thought into Hinduism. "The Sikh religion was born out of Hinduism , and fears have been expressed of its being reabsorbed into it. Truly wonderful is the strength and vitality of Hinduism. It is like the boa constrictor of the Indian forests; when a petty enemy appears to worry it, it winds round its opponent, crushes it in its folds, and finally causes it to disappear in its capacious interior. In this way, many centuries ago, Hinduism on its own ground disposed of Buddhism which

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3432-415: The tribal areas, as schools, hospitals, and homes have been destroyed in the war. With the encouragement of the United States , 80,000 Pakistani troops entered the Federally Administered Tribal Areas in March 2004 to search for al-Qaeda operatives, meeting with fierce resistance from Pakistani Taliban. It was not the elders, but the Pakistani Taliban who negotiated a truce with the army, an indication of

3498-410: The two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan with no option for further independent states. The act also declared that the fate of the North West Frontier Province would be subject to the result of referendum . This was in accord with the June 3rd Plan proposal to have a referendum to decide the future of the Northwest Frontier Province—to be voted on by the same electoral college as for

3564-406: The various castes and tribes who were indigenous to the frontier regions had considerable Islamic influence, owing to their status as a religious minority in the region for centuries, and thus formed religious syncretism that incorporated aspects from both faiths into their cultures and traditions. " Hinduism , as it exists in the North-West Frontier Province, is but a pale reflection of

3630-402: The vote was 71–5 in favor of the amendment for FATA, K-P merger. On 27 May 2018, the Thirty-first Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed with a majority in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly . A total of 83 votes was needed for the bill to be approved, the vote was an 87–7 in favor of the amendment for FATA, K-P merger. Parliamentarians from tribal areas took strong exception to

3696-405: Was 229–1 in favor of the amendment. Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-Fazal and Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party lawmakers walked out from the assembly ahead of the vote. The sole dissenter was Dawar Kundi of the PTI . On 25 May 2018, the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed with a majority in the Senate of Pakistan . A total of 69 votes was needed for the bill to be approved;

3762-599: Was 36 percent while the transition rate from primary to middle in public schools in Ex-FATA was 64 percent (73 percent for boys and 45 percent for girls). The Former FATA region has one university, FATA University in Akhurwal , Darra Adam Khel , FR Kohat , which was approved by Mir Hazar Khan Khoso in May 2013. Classes commenced on 24 October 2016, under the direction of Dr. Mohammad Tahir Shah , former professor of geology at University of Peshawar . The university plans to open sub-campuses at Khar , Miran Shah , and Parachinar . The Former FATA region's literacy rate

3828-441: Was at least equally efficacious. The only other district in which there is a non-Pathan element in the population in any way commensurate to that of Hazara is Dera Ismail Khan . The population here is mainly composed of tribes of Indian origin. Its conversion to Islam is of much later data; fanaticism does not exist, and no particular dislike to the Hindu seems to have existed." Similarly, adherents of Hinduism who belonged to

3894-481: Was dissolved to form a unified province of West Pakistan in 1955 upon promulgation of One Unit Scheme and was reestablished in 1970 . It was known by this name until 19 April 2010, when it was dissolved and redesignated as the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa following the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan , by President Asif Ali Zardari . The province covered an area of 70,709 km (27,301 sq mi), including much of

3960-563: Was dropped in favor of merging FATA into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The Federally Administered Tribal Areas were bordered by Afghanistan to the north and west, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the east, and Balochistan to the south. The seven Tribal Areas laid in a north-to-south strip adjacent to the west side of the six Frontier Regions . The geographical arrangement of the seven Tribal Areas in order from north to south was: Bajaur , Mohmand , Khyber , Orakzai , Kurram , North Waziristan , South Waziristan . The geographical arrangement of

4026-436: Was focused in the hands of secular authorities, Maliks . All of the FATA's adults were legally allowed to vote in the Majlis-e-Shoora of Pakistan under the "adult franchise" granted in 1996. Stephen Tierney, in Accommodating National Identity, reported that women came out to do so in the thousands for the 1997 office, possibly motivated by competition for voter numbers among the tribes. However, Ian Talbot in Pakistan,

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4092-413: Was held in July 1947 to decide the future of NWFP, in which the people of the province decided in favor of joining Pakistan. Chief Minister Dr Khan Sahib , along with his brother Bacha Khan and the Khudai Khidmatgars , boycotted the referendum, citing that it did not have the options of the NWFP becoming independent or joining Afghanistan. As a separate province, the NWFP lasted until 1955 when it

4158-407: Was largely a Hindu reformation in this way in a prehistoric period it absorbed the religion of the Scythian invaders of Northern India ; in this way it has converted educated Islam in India into a semi- paganism ; and in this way it is disposing of the reformed and once hopeful religion of Baba Nanak . Hinduism has embraced Sikhism in its folds; the still comparatively young religion is making

4224-632: Was merged into the new province of West Pakistan , under the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali . It was recreated after the dissolution of the One Unit system and lasted under its old nomenclature until April 2010, when it was renamed the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The offices of Governor and Chief Minister of the North-West Frontier Province lasted until 14 October 1955. Historical population, language, and religious counts in North-West Frontier Province were enumerated in all districts ( Hazara , Mardan , Peshawar , Kohat , Bannu , and Dera Ismail Khan ), detailed in

4290-424: Was part of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. The Pashtun tribes who inhabit the areas were semi-autonomous, with cordial relations with the Pakistan government. In 2001, the Pakistani military entered the Federally Administered Tribal Areas for the first time which was previously governed by Frontier Corps. In 2010, The New America Foundation and Terror Free Tomorrow conducted the first comprehensive public opinion survey in

4356-421: Was the fourth-highest increase in population of any province, after that of Balochistan , Sindh and Gilgit-Baltistan . According to the 2017 census of Pakistan , 98.4% of the population of FATA had Pashto as mother tongue, followed by 0.49% Urdu , 0.28% Punjabi , 0.10% Sindhi and 0.08% spoke Balochi . Over 99.6% of the population was Muslim belonging to the Sunni Hanafi Fiqh . According to

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