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40-517: The Clarke Island , also known by its Indigenous name of lungtalanana , part of the Furneaux Group , is an 82-square-kilometre (32 sq mi) island in Bass Strait , south of Cape Barren Island , about 24 kilometres (15 mi) off the northeast coast of Tasmania , Australia. Banks Strait separates the island from Cape Portland on the mainland. Clarke Island is the third-largest island in

80-510: A distance of over 600 kilometres (370 miles). They had few provisions and no ammunition, and fatigue and hunger lessened their number as they marched. Along the way they encountered various Aboriginal Tasmanians , some friendly and some not. The last of the party to die on the march was killed by a man Dilba and his people near Hat Hill. Those people had a reputation around Port Jackson for being ferocious. Matthew Flinders and George Bass had feared for their safety when they encountered Dilba

120-695: Is velodrome , an arena for velocipedes . Αεροδρόμιο is the word for airport in Modern Greek, which transliterates as aerodromio. In British military usage, the Royal Flying Corps in the First World War , and the Royal Air Force in the First and Second World Wars , used the term—it had the advantage that their French allies, on whose soil they were often based, and with whom they co-operated, used

160-465: Is an aerodrome with significant facilities to support aircraft and crew. The term is usually reserved for military bases, but also applies to civil seaplane bases . An airstrip is a small aerodrome that consists only of a runway with perhaps fueling equipment. They are generally in remote locations, e.g. Airstrips in Tanzania . Many airstrips (now mostly abandoned) were built on the hundreds of islands in

200-661: Is an area of open water used regularly by seaplanes , floatplanes and amphibious aircraft for landing and taking off. It may have a terminal building on land and/or a place where the plane can come to shore and dock like a boat to load and unload (for example, Yellowknife Water Aerodrome ). Some are co-located with a land based airport and are certified airports in their own right. These include Vancouver International Water Airport and Vancouver International Airport . Others, such as Vancouver Harbour Flight Centre have their own control tower, Vancouver Harbour Control Tower . The Canadian Aeronautical Information Manual says "...for

240-640: Is conversely almost unknown in American English , where the term "airport" is applied almost exclusively. A water aerodrome is an area of open water used regularly by seaplanes , floatplanes or amphibious aircraft for landing and taking off. In formal terminology, as defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an aerodrome is "a defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations, and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for

280-535: Is documented in autobiographical tale by writer Dion Perry, who documents his family's residence in a crumbling farmhouse on Clarke Island for 6 years between 1984 and 1990. He went there as a child, and says his family were the only residents. The family had minimal financial resources, and lived a semi-subsistence lifestyle, tending goats, and living from a garden and the sea. In 2009, Clarke Island had one permanent resident, while small groups of up to eight people visited for youth and corporate programmes. Infrastructure

320-470: Is mostly earmarked for employment and training of Indigenous rangers to manage Country. A$ 350,000 has been committed to the island by WWF-Australia , but this is for rewilding rather than cat eradication. A project involving the translocation of several species, starting with Bass Strait wombats from Flinders Island , and Maria Island , is planned to begin in mid-2025. It is hoped that Bennetts wallabies and long-nosed potoroos will be next, once

360-576: The Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania bought a large area of land on the island under a lease agreement. Two years later in 1997, Aboriginal people were given some control over Clarke Island, which became known by them as lungtalanana . The word derives from an Aboriginal woman called Tanalipunya, who had been married to Manalakina before being taken to the Bass Strait Island ( tayaritja ) by white sealers. Her skills were vital in helping

400-452: The Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania . This marked the first official handover of Crown land to an Aboriginal community in Tasmania. In 2009, the island was designated an Indigenous Protected Area (IPA). Clarke Island is part of the Furneaux Group , is an 82-square-kilometre (32 sq mi) island in Bass Strait , south of Cape Barren Island , about 24 kilometres (15 mi) off

440-509: The Francis on its third and final salvage trip, also decided to take a wombat specimen from the island to Port Jackson. Governor Hunter later sent the animal's corpse to Joseph Banks at the Literary and Philosophical Society to verify it as a new species. Flinders also spotted many fur seals on the island in 1798. The island was named Clarke island after William Clark. HMS Litherland sank off

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480-616: The Pacific Ocean during the Second World War. A few airstrips grew to become full-fledged airbases as the strategic or economic importance of a region increased over time. An advanced landing ground was a temporary airstrip used by the Allies in the run-up to and during the invasion of Normandy , and these were built both in Britain, and on the continent. A water aerodrome or seaplane base

520-506: The cognate term aérodrome . In Canada and Australia, aerodrome is a legal term of art for any area of land or water used for aircraft operation, regardless of facilities. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents use the term aerodrome , for example, in the Annex to the ICAO Convention about aerodromes, their physical characteristics, and their operation. However,

560-537: The Australian mainland through this group of islands. Airstrip The term airport may imply a certain stature (having satisfied certain certification criteria or regulatory requirements) that not all aerodromes may have achieved. That means that all airports are aerodromes, but not all aerodromes are airports. Usage of the term "aerodrome" (or "airfield") remains more common in Commonwealth English , and

600-597: The Furneaux Group, and Tasmania's eighth largest island. Off its west coast lies the shipwreck of HMS Litherland , which sank in 1853 and was discovered in 1983. Clarke Island is known to Aboriginal Tasmanians as lungtalanana. Aboriginal peoples occupied and used the land while it was still connected to the mainland, before the Last Glacial Period , and it is estimated that the island was occupied until around 6,500 years ago. There are many archaeological sites on

640-550: The administrative centre of the Flinders Council . There are also some small farming properties on the remote islands. After seals were discovered there in 1798, the Furneaux Group of islands became the most intensively exploited sealing ground in Bass Strait. A total of 29 islands in the Furneaux Group have been found to have some tangible link with sealing in the 19th century. The Aboriginal matriarch, Dolly Dalrymple ,

680-408: The arrival, departure, and surface movement of aircraft." The word aerodrome derives from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr), air , and δρόμος (drómos), road or course , literally meaning air course . An ancient linguistic parallel is hippodrome (a stadium for horse racing and chariot racing ), derived from ἵππος (híppos), horse , and δρόμος (drómos), course . A modern linguistic parallel

720-447: The cat population has been brought under control and the wombats have created burrows, which serve to cool the earth and provide shelter for smaller species. Furneaux Group Download coordinates as: The Furneaux Group is a group of approximately 100 islands located at the eastern end of Bass Strait , between Victoria and Tasmania , Australia. The islands were named after British navigator Tobias Furneaux , who sighted

760-448: The coast of the island in 1853, and was discovered in 1983. Clarke Island is Tasmania's eighth largest island. Sealing took place on the island from 1810 until 1837. From 1843 onwards, grazing livestock was introduced to the island in the form of sheep and cattle. European use of the island brought feral animals, weeds, and plant diseases. By the 1980s, there were feral horses and cattle, but no permanent human population. The wildlife

800-404: The early 1800s Clarke Island was heavily wooded with eucalypts and sheoak ( limuna ), the latter growing in a belt close to the shore. Extensive damage was caused to the native vegetation after the island was used for grazing around 4000 sheep, during which time no cultural burning took place, leading to a number of damaging bushfires . Grazing stopped in 2005 after custodianship of the island

840-811: The early aerodromes obsolete. The unimproved airfield remains a phenomenon in military aspects. The DHC-4 Caribou served in the United States military in Vietnam (designated as the CV-2), landing on rough, unimproved airfields where the C-130 Hercules workhorse could not operate. Earlier, the Ju 52 and Fieseler Storch could do the same, one example of the latter taking off from the Führerbunker whilst completely surrounded by Soviet troops. In colloquial use in certain environments,

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880-752: The eastern side of these islands after leaving Adventure Bay in 1773 on his way to New Zealand to rejoin Captain James Cook . Navigator Matthew Flinders was the first European to explore the Furneaux Islands group, in the Francis in 1798, and later that year in the Norfolk . The largest islands in the group are Flinders Island , Cape Barren Island , and Clarke Island . The group contains five settlements: Killiecrankie, Emita, Lady Barron , Cape Barren Island, and Whitemark on Flinders Island, which serves as

920-654: The island, behind Kangaroo Bay. These are important to the community, as the leaves can be used for weaving . They are very slow-growing and have been of concern after so many were burnt in the 2014 fire, but they recover well after fire. A 2014 survey, done eight months after the fire, found that most species of plant were regenerating well, but were vulnerable to further fires or drought. It also found evidence of eight species of terrestrial mammal on Island, six of which had been introduced; only two native species were recorded, and noted as representing only 20 per cent of previously recorded native mammal fauna. The island contains

960-490: The island, showing evidence of Aboriginal occupation and land use over a long period. When sea levels rose and lungtalanana became an island, occupation ceased and Aboriginal people die not occupy the island again until they were taken there by sealers in 1810. They then lived mainly in huts around the area now known as Spike Bay. Sydney Cove ran aground between Preservation Island and Rum Island on 28 February 1797. A party of seventeen men set off on 28 February 1787 in

1000-452: The most part, all of Canada can be an aerodrome", however, there are also "registered aerodromes" and "certified airports". To become a registered aerodrome, the operator must maintain certain standards and keep the Minister of Transport informed of any changes. To be certified as an airport the aerodrome, which usually supports commercial operations, must meet safety standards. Nav Canada ,

1040-403: The northeast coast of Tasmania , Australia. Banks Strait separates the island from Cape Portland on the mainland. Clarke Island is Tasmania's eighth largest island, and the third largest in the Furneaux Group. A prominent feature of Clarke Island is a central plateau that rises 110 metres (350 ft). This inland highland provides a limited water catchment from which water flows directly to

1080-508: The only Tasmanian breeding ground of the Australian pelican , and islets around Seal Point provide important habitat for the threatened white-fronted tern . Introduced animals still inhabiting the island include rabbits , cats and rats . The cats were probably responsible for rendering the remaining small native mammals locally extinct . The root fungus pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi , known to be able to kill Australian native plants,

1120-482: The preservation of threatened plant species. In January 2023, a project to remove the feral cats to protect a colony of vulnerable white-fronted terns ( Sterna striata ) nesting on the island began. Its status as an IPA qualifies the area for some funding from DCCEEW and from the National Indigenous Australians Agency . However, this is not enough to cover elimination of the feral cats; it

1160-414: The previous year. In May 1797 the three survivors of the march, William Clark, sailor John Bennet and one lascar had made it to the cove at Wattamolla and, on 15 May 1797, with their strength nearly at an end they were able to signal a boat out fishing, which took them on to Sydney. On the march Clark had noted coal in the cliffs at what is now called Coalcliff between Sydney and Wollongong . This

1200-403: The sea. The highest elevation point is 206 metres (676 ft), located on a northwestern point of the island. There are three prominent hills: Blue Hills to the east, Green Hill in the southwest, Steep Hill in the northwest. There are wetlands along the coastline, which consists of rocky outcrops with white beaches between them. On the eastern shore of the island is a string of white beaches. In

1240-517: The sealers survive the harsh conditions. During this time, the island was used for running youth justice programs as an alternative to imprisonment for young Aboriginal offenders, and some families lived on the island to administer the programs while they were running. On 10 May 2005, after the passing of the Aboriginal Lands Amendment Act 2004 , the government released Crown lands on both Cape Barren and Clarke Islands to be overseen by

Clarke Island (Tasmania) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-399: The ship's longboat to reach help at Port Jackson , 400 nautical miles (740 km) away. This was led by first mate Hugh Thompson, and included William Clark the supercargo , three European seamen and twelve lascars . Ill fortune struck again and they were wrecked on the mainland at the northern end of Ninety Mile Beach . Their only hope was to walk along the shore all the way to Sydney,

1320-479: The terms airport and aerodrome are often interchanged. However, in general, the term airport may imply or confer a certain stature upon the aviation facility that other aerodromes may not have achieved. In some jurisdictions, airport is a legal term of art reserved exclusively for those aerodromes certified or licensed as airports by the relevant civil aviation authority after meeting specified certification criteria or regulatory requirements. An air base

1360-539: The terms airfield or airport mostly superseded use of aerodrome after the Second World War, in colloquial language. In the early days of aviation, when there were no paved runways and all landing fields were grass, a typical airfield might permit takeoffs and landings in only a couple of directions, much like today's airports, whereas an aerodrome was distinguished, by virtue of its much greater size, by its ability to handle landings and takeoffs in any direction. The ability to always take off and land directly into

1400-447: The wind, regardless of the wind's direction, was an important advantage in the earliest days of aviation when an airplane's performance in a crosswind takeoff or landing might be poor or even dangerous. The development of differential braking in aircraft, improved aircraft performance, utilization of paved runways, and the fact that a circular aerodrome required much more space than did the "L" or triangle shaped airfield, eventually made

1440-471: Was born on the Furneaux Islands. Her mother was one of two Aboriginal women who had been kidnapped from northern Tasmania by the sealer George Briggs. King Island , at the western end of Bass Strait, is not a part of the group. The islands contain granite from the Devonian period, as well as unconsolidated limestone and sand from Cenozoic periods. During the last ice age , a land bridge joined Tasmania to

1480-543: Was found in the island in an isolated case, in 2002. This disease, which rots the roots of plants, has since spread, and by 2015 was of some concern, especially the threat to the yamina forest, although it had not spread to the nearby islands. It can be carried by contaminated dirt on machinery or clothing. Reports are regularly published, and plans are in place to keep the ecosystems healthy. The Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania provides advice for ongoing management strategies to control noxious weeds and diseases, as well as

1520-405: Was handed back to the local Aboriginal people, but the damage persists into the 2020s, with pastures only slowly being regenerated. A large fire in 2014 burnt about 98% of the island's vegetation. The Xanthorrhoea australis ( yamina , or "black boy") forest on the island has been identified as being part of an important ecosystem . There is a forest of very old yamina on the northern part of

1560-404: Was limited and ageing. The main settlement is in the northwest corner, consisting of several buildings (4 remaining in 2023), the wharf, and an airstrip suitable for Light aircraft . In 2009, a hybrid stand-alone power system to generate electricity using 2kW solar and 1kW wind energy was installed to replace the old diesel generator , which cost around A$ 35,000 per year to run. In 1995,

1600-605: Was the first coal found in Australia. On arrival at Port Jackson , the men informed Governor Hunter of the Sydney Cove and its remaining crew. Hunter despatched the Francis and the Eliza to salvage the ship and take the remaining crew and cargo to Port Jackson. On the first salvage trip, the crew of the Francis discovered wombats on the island and a live animal was taken back to Port Jackson. Matthew Flinders , travelling on board

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