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82-594: Named for historian and diplomat George Bancroft (1800–1891), who negotiated the first of these agreements with Prussia , the Bancroft treaties were mainly intended to prevent individuals from using naturalization as a way to avoid military service and other legal obligations in their native countries. From 1868 to 1937, the United States entered into 25 Bancroft treaties covering 34 foreign countries. A typical Bancroft treaty had three major provisions. The first specified

164-684: A Soldiers' and Sailors' Sanitary Fair , in Baltimore, to raise money to care for the Union Army. In 1866, he was chosen by Congress to deliver the special eulogy on Lincoln. In 1867, President Andrew Johnson offered Bancroft the post of US minister to Prussia, enabling him to return to Germany. Bancroft remained in Berlin for seven years, throughout the Franco-Prussian War and German unification . President Ulysses S. Grant appointed him minister to

246-424: A better society was possible. Patria was deserved because America's spreading influence would bring liberty and freedom to more and more of the world. "Pan-democracy" meant the nation-state was central to the drama, not specific heroes or villains. Richard C. Vitzthum argues that Bancroft's histories exemplify his Unitarian moral vision of faith in progress. The history of America, in Bancroft's view, exemplified

328-860: A member of the American Philosophical Society . In New York, Bancroft was a founding member of the American Geographical Society and served as the society's first president for nearly three years (February 21, 1852 – December 7, 1854). Bancroft was elected an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1863. Bancroft served as the President of the American Historical Association, 1885-1886. Bancroft died in 1891, in Washington, D.C. He

410-475: A widow with two children. Together they had a daughter. In his later years Bancroft lived in Washington, D.C. , summering at Rose Cliff , Newport, Rhode Island , the site where Rosecliff was later built. Bancroft was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1838, and also served as its Secretary of Domestic Correspondence from 1877 to 1880. In 1841, Bancroft was elected as

492-563: Is "the best single portrait of men and manners, of rural and urban life, of the wide range of society and scenery in colonial America." Annapolis became the temporary capital of the United States after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Congress was in session in the state house from November 26, 1783, to August 19, 1784, and it was in Annapolis on December 23, 1783, that General Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of

574-628: Is adjacent to the city limits. A settlement in the Province of Maryland named "Providence" was founded on the north shore of the Severn River on the middle Western Shore of the Chesapeake Bay in 1649 by Puritan exiles from the Province/Dominion of Virginia led by the third Proprietary Governor of Maryland , William Stone (1603–1660). The settlers later moved to a better-protected harbor on

656-647: Is found atop one of several marble pillars in the Thomas Jefferson Building of the United States Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. Many schools, streets, towns, etc. bear his name: Bancroft is interred at Rural Cemetery in Worcester. Annapolis Annapolis ( / ə ˈ n æ p əl ɪ s / ə- NAP -əl-iss ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland . It

738-699: Is land and 0.92 square miles (2.38 km ) is water. Annapolis lies within the humid subtropical climate zone ( Köppen Cfa ), with hot, humid summers, cool winters, and generous precipitation year-round. Low elevation and proximity to the Chesapeake Bay give the area more moderate spring and summertime temperatures and slightly less extreme winter lows than locations further inland, such as Washington, D.C. See or edit raw graph data . In November 2020, NASA reported that Annapolis had 18 days of high-tide (non-storm-related) flooding from May 2019 to April 2020, an increase over 2018's 12 days, and higher than

820-488: Is the county seat of Anne Arundel County and its only incorporated city. Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River , 25 miles (40 km) south of Baltimore and about 30 miles (50 km) east of Washington, D.C. , Annapolis forms part of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area . The 2020 census recorded its population as 40,812, an increase of 6.3% since 2010. This city served as

902-540: The North American Review and American Quarterly . He also made a translation of Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren 's work on The Politics of Ancient Greece . In 1836, he published an oration advocating universal suffrage and the foundation of the state on the power of the whole people. In 1830, he was elected to the Massachusetts State Senate from Northampton without his knowledge by the support of

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984-622: The American Revolution . By 1956, this subset of scholars had tentatively determined that, "toward the end of the seventeenth century there emerged an entire apparatus of local politics" that "came, gradually, to accommodate itself" within the imperial system and in various "forms...it is their collapse under the pressures of new circumstances after 1760 that alone made the Revolution 'irrepressible.' " In 1837, Bancroft entered active politics by accepting an appointment as Collector of Customs of

1066-681: The American Revolutionary War , with Great Britain recognizing the independence of the United States. The city and state capitol was also the site of the 1786 Annapolis Convention , which issued a call to the states to send delegates for the Constitutional Convention to be held the following year in Philadelphia . The Annapolis Peace Conference took place in 2007. Annapolis is the home of St. John's College , founded 1696. The United States Naval Academy , established 1845,

1148-627: The Imperial School took a more favorable view of the British Empire than Bancroft. Edmund Morgan compares Bancroft's history to that of the Liberal statesman Sir George Trevelyan in that both reject the Progressive view of the Revolution as a mere invocation of political philosophy as a means to keep and consolidate power. Morgan and other neo-Whig historians have embraced Bancroft's view that

1230-724: The Potomac River in Virginia. Per orders from Lord Baltimore, Stone returned the following spring at the head of a Cavalier royalist force, loyal to the uncrowned King of England . On March 25, 1655, in what became known as the Battle of the Severn (the first colonial naval battle in North America ), Stone was defeated, taken prisoner, and replaced by Lt. Gen. Josias Fendall (1628–1687) as fifth Proprietary Governor . Fendall governed Maryland during

1312-511: The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations , gave notice in 1980 terminating the treaties with 18 of the 21 countries with which they were still in force. The exceptions were the treaties with Albania , Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia . The treaty with Albania was terminated in 1991 when Albania and the United States re-established diplomatic relations at the end of the Cold War . The treaty with

1394-544: The Severn River . Students that attend the Naval Academy are enrolled for four years with a following five year commitment to serving on active duty in the Marine Corps or Navy. Students hold the naval rank of Midshipman , and on average about 4,500 are enrolled. St. John's College is a non-sectarian private college that was once supported by the state. It was opened in 1789 as the successor of King William's School, which

1476-536: The Treaty of Paris was ratified there on January 14, 1784, so Annapolis became the first peacetime capital of the U.S. It was in the Maryland State House that George Washington famously resigned his commission before the Continental Congress on December 23, 1783. The United States Naval Academy was founded in 1845 on the site of Fort Severn , and now occupies an area of land reclaimed from

1558-714: The University of Göttingen . Bancroft capped off his education with a European tour, in the course of which he sought out almost every distinguished man in the European world of letters, science and art, including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Wilhelm von Humboldt , Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher , Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Lord Byron , Barthold Georg Niebuhr , Christian Charles Josias Bunsen , Friedrich Carl von Savigny , Varnhagen von Ense , Victor Cousin , Benjamin Constant and Alessandro Manzoni . Bancroft returned to

1640-581: The Working Men's Party , but refused to take his seat. and the next year he declined another nomination, though certain to have been elected, for the state senate. Bancroft, having trained in the leading German universities, was an accomplished scholar, whose masterwork History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent covered the new nation in depth down to 1789. His History of

1722-661: The diplomatic protection of their adopted one. Article III of the 1908 treaty with Portugal was typical: If a Portuguese subject naturalized in America, renews his residence in Portugal, without intent to return to America, he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization in the United States. Reciprocally, if an American naturalized in Portugal renews his residence in the United States, without intent to return to Portugal, he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization in Portugal. The intent not to return may be held to exist when

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1804-692: The 1872 arbitration on the status of the San Juan Islands , stemming from the Pig War of 1859. The United States maintained that the disputed channel was intended to be the Haro Strait , while Great Britain believed that it was the Rosario Strait . In the San Juan arbitration Bancroft displayed great versatility and skill and won the case, which was decided by a commission (three eminent German Judges) appointed by

1886-426: The 1995-2005 average of 2 days annually. The increase is attributed to sea level rise caused by climate change . Resultant flood damages caused local businesses to lose as much as $ 172,000 a year. On Naval Academy grounds, seawater came out of storm drains, with McNair Road and Ramsay Road flooding 20 times in 2020 and more than 40 times each in 2018 and 2019. Adaptation approaches such as sea walls and building up

1968-674: The Class of 1817. After Harvard, Bancroft's father sent him abroad to study in Germany, where he studied at the universities of Göttingen, and Berlin. At Göttingen, he studied Plato with Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren , history with Heeren and Gottlieb Jakob Planck , and languages and scripture interpretation with Albert Eichhorn, natural science with Johann Friedrich Blumenbach , German literature with Georg Friedrich Benecke , French and Italian literature with Artaud and Bunsen, and classics with Georg Ludolf Dissen . In 1820, he received his doctorate from

2050-553: The Colonial Players theater in 1981. Based on the play by Charles Dickens , the 90-minute production by the Colonial Players is an original musical adaptation, with play and lyrics by Richard Wade and music by Dick Gessner. Colonial Players, Inc. is a nonprofit organization founded in 1949. Its first production, The Male Animal , was performed in 1949 at the Annapolis Recreation Center on Compromise Street. In 1955,

2132-548: The Continental Army. For the 1783 Congress, the Governor of Maryland commissioned John Shaw , a local cabinetmaker, to create an American flag . Shaw's flag is slightly different from other designs of the time: the blue field extends over the entire height of the hoist. Shaw developed two versions of the flag: one which started with a red stripe and another that started with a white one. In 1786, delegates from all states of

2214-593: The Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic as successor states to the former Czechoslovakia was terminated by the United States in 1997. In the last years of Barack Obama 's Presidency the treaty with Bulgaria was terminated. George Bancroft George Bancroft (October 3, 1800 – January 17, 1891) was an American historian, statesman and Democratic politician who was prominent in promoting secondary education both in his home state of Massachusetts and at

2296-537: The German Emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm. The final ruling was issued on October 21, 1872, and British troops withdrew from San Juan Island on November 22, 1872, after 26 years of maintaining an amicable, yet tense relationship. His first wife was Sarah Dwight, of a rich family in Springfield, Massachusetts ; they married in 1827 and had two sons. She died in 1837. He formed a second marriage with Mrs Elizabeth Davis Bliss,

2378-585: The German Empire in 1871. During his tenure in Berlin, Bancroft spent much time negotiating agreements with Prussia and the other north German states relating to naturalization and citizenship issues; they became known as the Bancroft Treaties in his honor. The treaties were the first international recognition of the right of expatriation . The principle has since incorporated in the law of nations . His last official achievements were his participation in

2460-680: The Korean and Vietnam wars. It was at Annapolis in July 1940 that Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg arrived in exile during World War II. In the summer of 1984, the Navy Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis hosted soccer games as part of the XXIII Olympiad . During September 18–19, 2003, Hurricane Isabel created the largest storm surge known in Annapolis's history, cresting at 7.58 feet (2.31 m). Much of downtown Annapolis

2542-529: The Nationality Act of 1940, held that Congress has no power to strip anyone of their citizenship, whether it is acquired by birth or by naturalization. These decisions strongly suggested that any future case of involuntary loss of citizenship under one of the Bancroft treaties probably would not survive a Supreme Court challenge. Concluding that the Bancroft treaties were unenforceable, the administration of President Jimmy Carter , acting in consultation with

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2624-552: The Navy. He found that he could order "a place where midshipmen should wait for orders." He could also direct instructors to give lessons to them at sea, and by law, instructors could follow the midshipmen to the place of their common residence on shore. The appropriation of the year for the naval service met the expense, and the Secretary of War ceded an abandoned military post to the navy. Therefore, when Congress came together, it learned that

2706-589: The Port of Boston by President Martin Van Buren . Two of his own appointees in the office were Orestes Brownson and author Nathaniel Hawthorne . In 1844, Bancroft was the Democratic candidate for governor of Massachusetts but he was defeated. He called for the annexation of Texas as extending "the area of freedom" and opposed slavery. In 1845, in recognition for his support at the previous Democratic convention, Bancroft

2788-556: The Severn's southern shore. The settlement on the south shore, known from 1683 as "Town at Proctor's", then "Town at the Severn", became in 1694 "Anne Arundel's Towne" (after Lady Ann Arundell (1616–1649), the late wife of the late Cecilius Calvert, second Lord Baltimore , 1605–1675). In 1654, after the Third English Civil War , Parliamentary forces assumed control of the Maryland colony and Stone went into exile south across

2870-603: The Union were invited to meet in Annapolis to consider measures for the better regulation of commerce. Delegates from only five states—New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Jersey, and Delaware—actually attended the September 1786 gathering, known afterward as the Annapolis Convention . Without proceeding to the business for which they had met, the delegates passed a resolution calling for another convention to meet at Philadelphia in

2952-520: The United States started appearing in 1834, and he constantly revised it in numerous editions. It remains among the most comprehensive histories of colonial America. Bancroft was a Romantic , emphasizing nationalist and republican values. Bancroft played on four recurring themes to explain the development of American values: providence, progress, patria, and pan-democracy. "Providence" meant that destiny depended more on God than on human will. The idea of "progress" indicated that through continuous reform

3034-432: The United States in 1822. While the young man delivered several sermons at his father's behest shortly after his return, his love of literature proved a stronger attachment. His first position was as a tutor of Greek at Harvard. Bancroft chafed at the narrow curriculum of Harvard in his day and the pedantic spirit of its classics curriculum. Moreover, his personal affect of ardent Romanticism subjected him to ridicule among

3116-492: The academy's English curriculum. The King William Players, a student theater group at St. John's College , holds two performances each semester in the college's Francis Scott Key Auditorium. Admission is usually free and open to the public. The Banneker-Douglass Museum , located in the historic Mount Moriah Church at 87 Franklin Street, documents the history of African Americans in Maryland. Since its opening on February 24, 1984,

3198-482: The capital of the royal colony, the Province of Maryland , to Anne Arundel's Towne and renamed the town "Annapolis" after Princess Anne of Denmark and Norway , soon to become Queen Anne of Great Britain (1665–1714, reigned 1702–1714). Annapolis was incorporated as a city in 1708. Colonel John Seymour, the Governor of Maryland from 1704 to 1709, wrote Queen Anne on March 16, 1709, with qualifications for municipal officials and provisions for fairs and market days for

3280-522: The census of 2010, there were 38,394 people, 16,136 households, and 8,776 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,347.4 inhabitants per square mile (2,064.6/km ). There were 17,845 housing units at an average density of 2,485.4 units per square mile (959.6 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 60.1% White , 26.0% African American , 0.3% Native American , 2.1% Asian , 9.0% from other races , and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 16.8% of

3362-553: The city celebrated the 300th anniversary of its 1708 Royal Charter, which established democratic self-governance. The many cultural events of this celebration were organized by Annapolis Charter 300. Annapolis was home of the Anne Arundel County Battle of the Bands, which was held at Maryland Hall from 1999 to 2015. The event was a competition between musical groups from each high school in the county; it raised over $ 100,000 for

Bancroft Treaties - Misplaced Pages Continue

3444-552: The city is still referred to as Parole . The soldiers who did not survive were buried in the Annapolis National Cemetery . In 1900, Annapolis had a population of 8,585. On December 21, 1906, Henry Davis was lynched in the city. He was suspected of assaulting a local woman. Nobody was ever tried for the crime. During World War II , shipyards in Annapolis built a number of PT Boats, and military vessels such as minesweepers and patrol boats were built in Annapolis during

3526-430: The city was $ 49,243, and the median income for a family was $ 56,984 (these figures had risen to $ 70,140 and $ 84,573 respectively, according to a 2007 estimate ). Males had a median income of $ 39,548 versus $ 30,741 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 27,180. About 9.5% of families and 12.7% of the population were living in poverty, of which 20.8% were under age 18 and 10.4% were age 65 or over. According to

3608-416: The city's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city, excluding state and local government, are: Annapolis has a thriving community theater scene which includes two venues in the historic district. On East Street, Colonial Players produces approximately six shows a year in its 180-seat theater. A Christmas Carol has been a seasonal tradition in Annapolis since it opened at

3690-417: The city. The population density was 5,326.0 inhabitants per square mile (2,056.4/km ). There were 16,165 housing units at an average density of 2,402.3 units per square mile (927.5 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 62.66% White , 31.44% Black or African American , 0.17% Native American , 1.81% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 2.22% from other races, and 1.67% from two or more races. 8.42% of

3772-558: The commerce was considerable, but it declined rapidly after Baltimore, with its deeper harbor, was made a port of entry in 1780. Water trades such as oyster-packing, boatbuilding and sailmaking became the city's chief industries. Annapolis is home to a large number of recreational boats that have largely replaced the seafood industry in the city. Dr. Alexander Hamilton (1712–1756), a Scottish-born doctor and writer, lived and worked in Annapolis. Leo Lemay says his 1744 travel diary Gentleman's Progress: The Itinerarium of Dr. Alexander Hamilton

3854-505: The contested land between Texas and Mexico. That catalyzed the Mexican War , resulting in the United States greatly increasing its territory in the Southwest. Bancroft designed and developed the Naval Academy; he received all the appropriations for which he asked. Congress had never been willing to establish a naval academy, but Bancroft studied the law to assess the powers of the Secretary of

3936-460: The county's high school music programs during its 17-year run. On June 28, 2018, at the Capital Gazette , a gunman opened fire, killing five journalists and injuring two more. An EF-2 tornado struck the western edge of the city on September 1, 2021, during the remnants of Hurricane Ida . Homes, businesses, and restaurants had significant damage near Maryland Route 450 , where EF-2 damage

4018-496: The election of Whig Zachary Taylor as president, Bancroft's political appointment ended. On his return to the United States in 1849, he withdrew from public life and moved to New York, where he focused on writing history. As a private citizen, Bancroft initially expressed skepticism towards Abraham Lincoln 's election, describing him as, "without brains," and "ignorant, self-willed, and... surrounded by men some of whom are almost as ignorant as himself." However, Bancroft softened to

4100-551: The fleet ballistic missile submarine USS George Bancroft (SSBN-643) , the mid-19th century United States Coast Survey schooner USCS Bancroft and steel gunboat USS  Bancroft  (1892) The dormitory at the United States Naval Academy , Bancroft Hall , is named after him. It is the largest single dormitory in the world. Bancroft is one of 23 famous names on the $ 1 educational currency note of 1896 . The name of Bancroft, honoring George Bancroft,

4182-646: The following year to amend the Articles of Confederation . The resulting Philadelphia Convention drafted and approved the Constitution of the United States , which remains in force. On April 24, 1861, the midshipmen of the Naval Academy relocated their base in Annapolis and were temporarily housed in Newport, Rhode Island , until October 1865. In 1861, the first of three camps that were built for holding paroled soldiers

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4264-562: The formal society of New England and his political sympathies for Jacksonian democracy put him at odds with nearly all of the Boston elite. In 1823, he published his first work, a little volume of poetry, translations and original pieces, which brought no fame. Bancroft finally left Cambridge and with Joseph Cogswell established the Round Hill School at Northampton, Massachusetts . While at Round Hill, Bancroft contributed frequently to

4346-434: The former location of the Shaw Blacksmith Shop, in 1967, and became owner of the property in 1990. The Naval Academy Masqueraders, a theater group at the United States Naval Academy, produces one "main-stage show" each fall and student-directed one-act plays in the spring. Founded in 1847, the Masqueraders is the oldest extracurricular activity at the Naval Academy. Its shows, performed in Mahan Hall, are selected to support

4428-535: The gradual unfolding of God's purpose for mankind – the development of religious and political liberty. George M. Frederickson argues that Bancroft's "universalist theory of national origins... made the American Revolution not only the fruit of a specific historical tradition, but also a creed of liberty for all mankind." Bancroft's orotund romantic style and enthusiastic patriotism fell out of favor with later generations of scientific historians, who did not assign his books to students. After 1890, American scholars of

4510-411: The height of roadways and athletic fields are predicted to last only a few decades. As of the census of 2020, there were 40,812 people. The racial makeup of the city was 49.4% Non-Hispanic White , 21.7% African American , 0.7% Native American , 2.5% Asian , 14.5% from other races , and 8.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race made up 22.9% of the population. As of

4592-470: The latter half of the English Commonwealth period. In 1660, he was replaced by Phillip Calvert (1626–1682) as fifth/sixth Governor of Maryland , after the restoration of Charles II (1630–1685) as King in England . In 1694, soon after the overthrow of the Catholic government of second Royal Governor Thomas Lawrence (1645–1714, in office for a few months in 1693), the third Royal Governor Francis Nicholson (1655-1727/28, in office: 1694–1698), moved

4674-465: The midshipmen not at sea were housed at Annapolis. Thus, they were protected from the dangers of idleness and city life and busy at a regular course of study. Congress accepted the school, which was in full operation, and granted money for the repairs of the buildings. Bancroft introduced some new respected professors into the corps of instructors, and he suggested a system of promotion, related to experience and achievements as well as age. The merit system

4756-467: The museum has provided educational programs, rotating exhibits, and a research facility. Admission is free. Preble Hall , named for Edward Preble , houses the U.S. Naval Academy Museum, founded in 1845. Its Beverley R. Robinson Collection contains 6,000 prints depicting European and American naval history from 1514 through World War II. It is also home to one of the world's best ship model collections, donated by Henry Huttleston Rogers . Rogers's donation

4838-399: The national and international levels. During his tenure as U.S. Secretary of the Navy , he established the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis . He was a senior American diplomat in Europe, leading diplomatic missions to Britain and Germany. Among his best-known writings is the magisterial series, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent . Bancroft

4920-420: The national capital. In land area Annapolis (proper) is also the smallest of the United States capital cities . The city is a part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and is relatively flat, with the highest point being only 50 feet (15 m) above sea level. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 8.10 square miles (20.98 km ), of which 7.18 square miles (18.60 km )

5002-486: The organization moved to its venue in a former automotive repair shop on East Street. During the warmer months, Annapolis Summer Garden Theatre presents three shows on its outdoor stage, which is visible from the City Dock. A nonprofit organization, Annapolis Summer Garden Theatre has been providing "theatre under the stars" since 1966, when it performed You Can't Take It with You and Brigadoon at Carvel Hall Hotel. It began leasing its site at 143 Compromise Street,

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5084-413: The patriots were motivated by a deep commitment to individual liberty. Inspired by Bancroft, Bernard Bailyn and a cohort of mid-twentieth-century historians challenged the dichotomy between "national self-awareness" and the study of history. Although they had found "limitations" in Bancroft's works, mid-twentieth-century "instrumentalist" historians wished to reexamine the "image of colonial origins" of

5166-417: The person naturalized in one country resides more than two years in the other country. Conceived in an era when the right of individuals to change their citizenship was not universally recognized, the Bancroft treaties represented an important step forward in securing recognition by foreign governments of the right of their nationals to become American citizens. But American constitutional law eventually made

5248-435: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 15,303 households, out of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.3% were non-families. Of all households, 32.9% were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

5330-442: The population. There were 16,136 households, of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.6% were non-families. Of all households, 35.0% were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

5412-474: The region. The conference was held at the United States Naval Academy on November 26, 2007. The Maryland State House is the oldest in continuous legislative use in the United States. Construction started in 1772, and the Maryland legislature first met there in 1779. It is topped by the largest wooden dome built without nails in the country. The Maryland State House housed the workings of the United States government from November 26, 1783, to August 13, 1784, and

5494-402: The seat of the Confederation Congress , formerly the Second Continental Congress , and temporary national capital of the United States in 1783–1784. At that time, General George Washington came before the body convened in the new Maryland State House and resigned his commission as commander of the Continental Army . A month later, the Congress ratified the Treaty of Paris of 1783 , ending

5576-676: The terms under which each party would recognize the naturalization of its citizens by the other. (Five years' uninterrupted residence in the adopted country was the usual requirement.) The second provided that naturalized citizens who returned to their native country could be prosecuted for crimes that they allegedly committed before they emigrated. The third and most important provided that naturalized citizens who returned to their country of origin and stayed there for two continuous years would be presumed to have resumed their former nationality. That would require them to meet any unfulfilled military service obligation in their native country and deny them

5658-430: The town. 17th-century Annapolis was little more than a village, but it grew rapidly for most of the 18th century until the American Revolutionary War as a political and administrative capital, a port of entry , and a major center of the Atlantic slave trade . The Maryland Gazette , which became an important weekly journal, was founded there by Jonas Green in 1745; in 1769 a theatre opened; during this period also

5740-404: The treaties obsolete. In Schneider v. Rusk , 377 U.S. 163 (1964), the Supreme Court invalidated a section of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (the McCarran-Walter Act) that would strip naturalized Americans of their citizenship after three years' continuous residence in their country of origin; and in Afroyim v. Rusk , 387 U.S. 253 (1967), the Supreme Court, reviewing part of

5822-422: The wartime president after initiating correspondence with Lincoln in 1861, and used the communication to argue for the case of abolishing slavery. In April 1864, at Bancroft's request, President Abraham Lincoln wrote out what would become the fourth of five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address . Bancroft planned to include the copy in Autograph Leaves of Our Country's Authors , which he planned to sell at

5904-403: Was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.93. In the city, 21.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 86.8 males age 18 and over. The median income for a household in

5986-434: Was 2.34 and the average family size was 3.02. The median age in the city was 36 years. 20.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 35,838 people, 15,303 households, and 8,676 families residing in

6068-424: Was appointed to James Polk 's cabinet as Secretary of the Navy , serving until 1846, when, for a month, he was acting Secretary of War . During his short period in the cabinet, Bancroft established the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis , creating a legacy of education and leadership. He ordered naval action that resulted in the occupation of California and, as secretary of War, sent Zachary Taylor into

6150-542: Was born on October 3, 1800, in Worcester, Massachusetts . His family had been in Massachusetts Bay since 1632. George's father, Aaron Bancroft , was distinguished as a Revolutionary War soldier, a leading Unitarian clergyman, and author of a popular biography of George Washington . Bancroft began his education at Phillips Exeter Academy . He entered Harvard College at thirteen years of age and graduated with

6232-472: Was created on the campus of St. John's College . The second location of Camp Parole would house over 20,000 and would be located where Forest Drive is currently. The third and final location was finished in late 1863 and would be placed near the Elkridge Railroad, as to make transportation of soldiers and resources easier before and allowing the camp to grow to its highest numbers. This area just west of

6314-437: Was flooded and many businesses and homes in outlying areas were damaged. The previous record was 6.35 feet (1.94 m) during a hurricane in 1933, and 5.5 feet (1.7 m) during Hurricane Hazel in 1954. Downtown Annapolis has high-tide "sunny day" flooding. A Stanford University study found that this resulted in 3,000 less visits and $ 172,000 in lost revenue for local business in 2017. From mid-2007 through December 2008,

6396-472: Was founded by an act of the Maryland legislature in 1696 and was opened in 1701. Its principal building, McDowell Hall, was originally to be the governor's mansion; although £4,000 was appropriated to build it in 1742, it was not completed until after the War of Independence. Located 25 miles (40 km) south of Baltimore and 30 miles (48 km) east of Washington, D.C. , Annapolis is the closest state capital to

6478-589: Was not fully developed or applied at the time. Bancroft was influential also in obtaining additional appropriations for the United States Naval Observatory . Similarly, Bancroft studied so deeply the Oregon boundary dispute that in 1846, he was sent as minister plenipotentiary to London to work with the British government on the issue. There, he roomed with the historian Macaulay and the poet Hallam . With

6560-511: Was observed with estimated winds of 125 mph. The tornado dissipated immediately past U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 301. As announced by United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice , Annapolis was the venue for a Middle East summit dealing with the Israeli–Palestinian peace process , with the participation of Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert , Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas (" Abu Mazen ") and various other leaders from

6642-406: Was the impetus for the construction of Preble Hall. The museum has approximately 100,000 visitors each year. The Hammond-Harwood House , located at 19 Maryland Avenue, was built in 1774 for Matthias Hammond, a wealthy Maryland farmer. Its design was adapted by William Buckland from Andrea Palladio 's Villa Pisani to accommodate American Colonial regional preferences. Since 1940, when the house

6724-818: Was the last surviving member of the Polk cabinet. Among his other speeches and addresses may be mentioned a lecture on "The Culture, the Support, and the Object of Art in a Republic," in the course of the New York Historical Society in 1852; and one on "The Office, Appropriate Culture, and Duty of the Mechanic." Bancroft contributed a biography of Jonathan Edwards to the American Cyclopædia . The United States Navy has named several ships USS Bancroft for him, as well as

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