Misplaced Pages

#935064

88-674: Banaskantha shares its borders with Rajasthan state in the North, Sabarkantha district in East, Kutch district in West and Patan district and Mehsana district in the South. There are 14 talukas of Banaskantha district; Palanpur, Danta, Vadgam, Amirgadh, Dantiwada, Deesa, Dhanera, Kankrej, Diyodar, Bhabhar, Vav, Tharad, Suigam and Lakhni . The villages of Idar and Abu are also situated in Banaskantha. This place

176-804: A Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan's only hill station , Mount Abu , in the ancient Aravalli mountain range and eastern Rajasthan, the Keoladeo National Park of Bharatpur , a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves, the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur , Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar and the Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve in Kota . The State of Rajasthan

264-407: A database of words and their translations. Later attempts utilized common phrases , which resulted in better grammatical structure and the capture of idioms, but with many words left in the original language. For translating synthetic languages , a morphosyntactic analyzer and synthesizer are required. The best systems today use a combination of the above technologies and apply algorithms to correct

352-466: A great deal of difference between a literal translation of a poetic work and a prose translation. A literal translation of poetry may be in prose rather than verse but also be error-free. Charles Singleton's 1975 translation of the Divine Comedy is regarded as a prose translation. The term literal translation implies that it is probably full of errors, since the translator has made no effort to (or

440-465: A large area within the districts of Kota and Bundi forms a tableland. To the northeast of these districts is a rugged region (badlands) following the line of the Chambal River . Farther north the country levels out; the flat plains of the northeastern Bharatpur district are part of an alluvial basin. Merta City lies in the geographical center of Rajasthan. The Aravalli Range and the lands to

528-636: A large portion of Rajasthan. The indomitable Rana Kumbha defeated the Sultans of Malwa , Nagaur and Gujarat and made Mewar the most powerful Rajput Kingdom in India. The ambitious Rana Sanga united the various Rajput clans, including the Muslim Khanzadas of Mewat under Raja Hasan Khan Mewati , and fought against the foreign powers in India. Rana Sanga defeated the Afghan Lodi Empire of Delhi and crushed

616-456: A literal translation in preparing his translation of Dante 's Inferno (1994), as he does not know Italian. Similarly, Richard Pevear worked from literal translations provided by his wife, Larissa Volokhonsky, in their translations of several Russian novels. Literal translation can also denote a translation that represents the precise meaning of the original text but does not attempt to convey its style, beauty, or poetry. There is, however,

704-412: A per capita GDP of ₹ 118,000 (US$ 1,400). Rajasthan ranks 22nd among Indian states in human development index . Rajasthan means "The Land of Kings" and is a portmanteau of Sanskrit "Rājā" ('King') and Sanskrit "Sthāna" ('Land') or Persian "St(h)ān", with the same meaning. The oldest reference to Rajasthan is found in a stone inscription dated back to 625 CE. The first printed mention of

792-521: A remnant of the primitive Sarasvati river . The Desert National Park in Jaisalmer , spread over an area of 3,162 square kilometres (1,221 sq mi), is an excellent example of the ecosystem of the Thar Desert and its diverse fauna . Seashells and massive fossilised tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert. The region is a haven for migratory and resident birds of

880-548: A sa voiture et sa voiture, ses serviettes et ses serviettes, sa bibliothèque et les siennes. " That does not make sense because it does not distinguish between "his" car and "hers". Often, first-generation immigrants create something of a literal translation in how they speak their parents' native language. This results in a mix of the two languages that is something of a pidgin . Many such mixes have specific names, e.g., Spanglish or Denglisch . For example, American children of German immigrants are heard using "rockingstool" from

968-404: A serious problem for machine translation . The term "literal translation" often appeared in the titles of 19th-century English translations of the classical Bible and other texts. Word-for-word translations ("cribs", "ponies", or "trots") are sometimes prepared for writers who are translating a work written in a language they do not know. For example, Robert Pinsky is reported to have used

SECTION 10

#1732854796936

1056-456: Is a translation of a text done by translating each word separately without looking at how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. In translation theory , another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation). It is to be distinguished from an interpretation (done, for example, by an interpreter ). Literal translation leads to mistranslation of idioms , which can be

1144-733: Is also undertaken in Rajasthan. Jodhpur sandstone is mostly used in monuments, important buildings, and residential buildings. This stone is termed as Chittar Patthar . Jodhpur leads in the handicraft and guar gum industries. Rajasthan is also a part of the Mumbai-Delhi Industrial corridor set to benefit economically. The state gets 39% of the DMIC, with major districts of Jaipur, Alwar, Kota and Bhilwara benefiting. Rajasthan also has reserves of low-silica limestone. Rajasthan connected 100% of its population to electricity power in 2019 (raising

1232-573: Is also where the Aravalli Mountain range is located. The economy of the district is based on agro & food Processing, tourism, textile, and mineral based industries (ceramics). The food processing industry in the district has attracted 57% of the total investment in the district over the last two decades. The district ranks first in the Country in milk production, the Asia's Largest Dairy Cooperative under

1320-687: Is appointed by the President of India for a five-year term. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the chief minister by the governor, and the council of ministers are appointed by the governor on the advice of the chief minister . The governor remains a ceremonial head of the state, while the chief minister and his council are responsible for day-to-day government functions. The council of ministers consists of Cabinet Ministers , Ministers of State (MoS) and Deputy Ministers. The Secretariat headed by

1408-784: Is composed of the following geographical regions: Rajasthan is divided into 50 districts within Ten divisions : A district collector or district magistrate , who is appointed by either the Indian Administrative Service or the Rajasthan Public Service Commission , governs each district. Subdivisions (Tehsils) are responsible for governing districts and are overseen by sub-divisional magistrates. Additionally, districts are further divided into blocks. A block consists of panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities. Tehsils are intermediate level panchayat between

1496-601: Is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges . The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of this region is covered by the Thar Desert which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea , as it lies in a direction parallel to that of

1584-683: Is headed by a District Magistrate/District Collector, who is also an IAS officer, and is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Rajasthan Administrative Services . In Rajasthan, the police force is led by an IPS officer holding the position of Director General of Police . Each district is supervised by a Superintendent of Police , also an IPS officer, who is supported by officers from the Rajasthan Police Services. Their primary responsibility involves maintaining law and order and addressing relevant issues within their respective districts. The management of forests, environment, and wildlife in

1672-592: Is of Bajra crops. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Banaskantha one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640 ). It is one of the six districts in Gujarat currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). According to the 2011 census Banaskantha district has a population of 3,120,506, roughly equal to the nation of Mongolia or

1760-416: Is one of the largest airbases in India, BSF and Military bases are also situated here. Currently four civil airports are located here: Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Nagaur, of which Jodhpur is the major civil airport, being the 44th busiest airport in India and one of the oldest air strips of India, being built in the 1920s. The Northwestern thorn scrub forests lie in a band around the Thar Desert, between

1848-551: Is responsible for maintaining and expanding the state highways system and major district roads. Jaipur–Kishangarh Expressway forms a segment of the NH-8 which is a part of the Golden Quadrilateral project. Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) was established in 1964 to provide economical and reliable passenger road transport service in the state with connecting services to adjoining states. For travelling locally,

SECTION 20

#1732854796936

1936-584: Is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population . It is on India's northwestern side, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert (also known as the Great Indian Desert) and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Sutlej - Indus River valley. It is bordered by five other Indian states: Punjab to

2024-442: Is the first metro in India to run on triple-storey elevated road and metro track. The state is served by a substantial road network, providing links between urban centers, agricultural market-places and rural areas. There are 33 national highways (NH) in the state, covering a total distance of 10,004.14 km (6,216.28 mi). The state has a total road length of 269,028 km (167,166 mi). The Department of Public Works

2112-485: Is the state's largest, busiest and only international airport. Jaipur International Airport offers international service to Dubai , Bangkok , Sharjah and Muscat . There are five civilian airports in Rajasthan including Jodhpur Airport , Udaipur Airport , Ajmer Airport , Bikaner Airport and Jaisalmer Airport . Domestic airports are operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and shares its airside with

2200-623: Is unable to) convey correct idioms or shades of meaning, for example, but it can also be a useful way of seeing how words are used to convey meaning in the source language. A literal English translation of the German phrase " Ich habe Hunger " would be "I have hunger" in English, but this is clearly not a phrase that would generally be used in English, even though its meaning might be clear. Literal translations in which individual components within words or compounds are translated to create new lexical items in

2288-522: The Aravalli Range , which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 kilometres (530 mi). Mount Abu lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River . Although a series of broken ridges continues into Haryana in the direction of Delhi where it can be seen as outcrops in the form of

2376-524: The First Battle of Tarain in 1191. In 1192 CE, Muhammad Ghori decisively defeated Prithviraj at the Second Battle of Tarain . After the defeat of Chauhan in 1192 CE, a part of Rajasthan came under Muslim rulers. The principal centers of their powers were Nagaur and Ajmer. Ranthambhore was also under their suzerainty. At the beginning of the 13th century, the most prominent and powerful state of Rajasthan

2464-525: The Raisina Hill and the ridges farther north. About three-fifths of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis, leaving two-fifths on the east and south direction. The Aravalli Range runs across the state from the southwest peak Guru Shikhar (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 metres (5,650 ft) in height, to Khetri in the northeast. This range divides the state into 60% in the northwest of the range and 40% in

2552-622: The Saka rulers of the western part of India, were successors to the Indo-Scythians and were contemporaneous with the Kushans , who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent . The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era (with their calendar ), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps state. The Pratiharas ruled for many dynasties in this part of

2640-569: The Shekhawati region. This sanctuary is home to a large population of blackbuck . Desert foxes and the caracal , an apex predator , also known as the desert lynx , can also be spotted, along with birds such as the partridge , harriers , eastern imperial eagle , pale harrier , marsh harrier , short-toed eagle , tawny eagle , sparrow hawk , crested lark , demoiselle crane , skylarks , green bee-eater , brown dove , black ibis , and sand grouse . The great Indian bustard , known locally as

2728-479: The Zilla Parishad (district councils) at the district level and gram panchayat (village councils) at the lower level. Rajasthan has 5 cities with over one million population. The absolute urban population of the state is 17.4 million, which constitutes 24.87% of the total urban population of the state. There are 10 municipal corporations , 34 municipal councils and 172 municipal boards or nagar pachayats in

Banaskantha district - Misplaced Pages Continue

2816-489: The godavan , and which is a state bird, has been classed as critically endangered since 2011. Rajasthan is also noted for its national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. There are four national parks and wildlife sanctuaries: Keoladeo National Park of Bharatpur , Sariska Tiger Reserve of Alwar, Ranthambore National Park of Sawai Madhopur , and Desert National Park of Jaisalmer. A national-level institute, Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI) an autonomous institute of

2904-535: The "natural" sound of the translation. In the end, though, professional translation firms that employ machine translation use it as a tool to create a rough translation that is then tweaked by a human, professional translator. Douglas Hofstadter gave an example of a failure of machine translation: the English sentence "In their house, everything comes in pairs. There's his car and her car, his towels and her towels, and his library and hers." might be translated into French as " Dans leur maison, tout vient en paires. Il y

2992-577: The Brandname of AMUL is Banaskantha District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union Ltd., Palanpur known as Banas Dairy procuring almost 59,58,134 Lit. Milk on 15.01.2018 as Peak receipt. The Banaskantha is also first District having highest Cold Supply Chain of Milk by installing 1280 bulk milk chilling units procuring almost >90% milk as raw chilled milk & rest 10% in cans. Banaskantha District has 1,060 village dairy cooperatives. Societies certified as per ISO 9001 : QMS Standard. The district ranks first in

3080-512: The British district of Ajmer-Merwara . Jaisalmer , Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner , Mewar (Chittorgarh), Alwar and Dhundhar (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput princely states. Bharatpur and Dholpur were Jat princely states whereas Tonk was a princely state under Pathans . The three chiefships were Lawa, Neemrana and Kushalgarh. The geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and

3168-557: The Chief Secretary assists the council of ministers. The Chief Secretary is also the administrative head of the government. Each government department is headed by a minister, who is assisted by an Additional Chief Secretary or a Principal Secretary, who is usually an officer of Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary serve as the administrative head of

3256-435: The German word Schaukelstuhl instead of "rocking chair". Literal translation of idioms is a source of translators' jokes. One such joke, often told about machine translation , translates "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak" (an allusion to Mark 14:38 ) into Russian and then back into English, getting "The vodka is good, but the meat is rotten". This is not an actual machine-translation error, but rather

3344-708: The Indian Air Force. These airports connect Rajasthan with the major cities of India such as Mumbai, Kolkata , Hyderabad , Chennai and Bangalore . Railways length in the state constitute 8.66 per cent of all India route length. Jaipur Junction is the headquarters of the North Western Railway . Jaipur, Ajmer , Bikaner are the busiest railway stations in the state. Kota is the only electrified section served by three Rajdhani Expresses and trains to all major cities of India. Jaipur Superfast Express , fastest train under Superfast category of trains; connects

3432-582: The Rajput kings accepted Mughal suzerainty, but the rulers of Mewar (Rana Udai Singh II ) and Marwar (Rao Chandrasen Rathore ) refused to have any form of alliance with the Mughals. To teach the Rajputs a lesson Akbar attacked Udai Singh and killed Rajput commander Jaimal of Chitor and the citizens of Mewar in large numbers. Akbar killed 20,000–25,000 unarmed citizens in Chittor on the grounds that they had actively helped in

3520-591: The Turkic Sultanates of Malwa and Gujarat. Rana Sanga then tried to create an Indian empire but was defeated by the first Mughal Emperor Babur at Khanwa . The defeat was due to betrayal by the Tomar King Silhadi of Raisen. After Rana Sanga 's death, Marwar rose as a power center in Rajasthan under Rao Maldeo Rathore . He conquered Jaisalmer, parts of Gujarat, Jalore, Nagaur, Ajmer, Sanchore, Bhinmal, Radhanpur, Bayana, Tonk, Toda and Nabhara. He expanded

3608-469: The US state of Iowa . This gives it a ranking of 111th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 290 inhabitants per square kilometre (750/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.43%. Banaskantha has a sex ratio of 936 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 66.39%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 10.49% and 9.11% of

Banaskantha district - Misplaced Pages Continue

3696-443: The city of Kota , in southern Rajasthan. Rajasthan is pre-eminent in quarrying and mining in India. The Taj Mahal was built from white marble which was mined from a town called Makrana . The state is the second-largest source of cement in India. It has rich salt deposits at Sambhar , copper mines at Khetri , Jhunjhunu , and zinc mines at Dariba, Zawar mines and Rampura Agucha (opencast) near Bhilwara . Dimensional stone mining

3784-525: The coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow . The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the City of Jodhpur is the largest city in the desert and a major metropolitan area of India which is known as the gateway of the Thar desert. The desert has some major districts like Jodhpur , Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner , and Nagaur . This area is also important from a defence point of view. Jodhpur airbase

3872-619: The commandants of Jodhpur and Bayana and recovered Amer by a night attack. They next killed Sayyid Hussain Khan Barha, the commandant of Mewat and many other Mughal officers. Bahadur Shah I , then in the Deccan was forced to patch up a truce with the Rajput Rajas. The Jats , under Suraj Mal , overran the Mughal garrison at Agra and plundered the city taking with them the two great silver doors of

3960-554: The country; the region was known as Gurjaratra . Up to the 10th century CE, almost all of North India acknowledged the supremacy of the Imperial Pratiharas, with their seat of power at Kannauj . The Gurjara Pratihar Empire acted as a barrier for Arab invaders from the 8th to the 11th century. The chief accomplishment of the Gurjara-Pratihara Empire lies in its successful resistance to foreign invasions from

4048-476: The department they are assigned to. Each department also has officers of the rank of Secretary, Special Secretary, Joint Secretary etc. assisting the Minister and the Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary. For the administration purpose, the state is divided into 10 divisions and 50 districts. Divisional Commissioner , is the head of administration on the divisional level. The administration in each district

4136-424: The desert and the Aravallis. This region receives less than 400  mm of rain annually. Temperatures can sometimes exceed 45 °C in the summer months and drop below freezing point in the winter. The Godwar , Marwar , and Shekhawati regions lie in the thorn scrub forest zone, along with the city of Jodhpur. The Luni River and its tributaries are the major river system of Godwar and Marwar regions, draining

4224-515: The desert. One can see many eagles , harriers , falcons , buzzards , kestrels and vultures . Short-toed snake eagles ( Circaetus gallicus ), tawny eagles ( Aquila rapax ), spotted eagles ( Aquila clanga ), laggar falcons ( Falco jugger ) and kestrels are some of the raptor species seen in Desert National Park. Road traffic inside the Park is, however, a threat to several wild species of

4312-648: The district is overseen by the Divisional Forest Officer , who is a member of the Indian Forest Service . This responsibility is carried out with the assistance of officers from the Rajasthan Forest Service and Rajasthan Subordinate Service. Rajasthan has its High court Jodhpur which has its principal seat at Jodhpur and a bench at Jaipur , with district courts and session courts in each district or Sessions Division, and lower courts at

4400-493: The early 19th century, accepting British suzerainty and control over their external affairs in return for internal autonomy. The State of Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949 when the states of the Rajputana Agency of the erstwhile British Empire in India were merged into the new Indian Union . Modern Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana , which comprises the erstwhile nineteen princely states , three chiefships, and

4488-475: The east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak , Acacia , and other trees. The hilly Vagad region, home to the cities of Dungarpur , Pratapgarh , and Banswara lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh . With

SECTION 50

#1732854796936

4576-520: The entrance of the famous Taj Mahal which were then melted down by Suraj Mal in 1763. Over the years, the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times. The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the late 18th century, Rajputana came under the influence of the Marathas . The Maratha Empire, which had replaced the Mughal Empire as

4664-580: The exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar region, home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh . The Hadoti region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar lies the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital of Jaipur . Mewat , the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh . Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan

4752-579: The finance capital of India Mumbai to Jaipur. Luxury tourist train Maharajas' Express runs across North-West and Central India, mainly centered on Rajasthan. There is also an international railway, the Thar Express from Jodhpur (India) to Karachi (Pakistan). However, this is not open to foreign nationals. Jaipur Metro is the metro rail system in the city of Jaipur. It is the only metro rail system in Rajasthan and has been operational since 3 June 2015. It

4840-455: The former state of Jaipur in Rajasthan and included the whole of Alwar with portions of Bharatpur. The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagar (modern Bairat), which is said to have been named after its founder King Virata . Bhargava identifies the two districts of Jhunjhunu and Sikar and parts of Jaipur district along with Haryana districts of Mahendragarh and Rewari as part of Vedic state of Brahmavarta . Bhargava also locates

4928-485: The head of the government and the head of the council of ministers. The Legislative Assembly consists of 200 members who are elected for five-year terms. The state contributes 25 seats to Lok Sabha , the lower house of the Indian Parliament, and 10 seats to Rajya Sabha , the upper house. The Government of Rajasthan is a democratically elected body in India with the governor as its constitutional head. Governor

5016-511: The intolerant emperor of Delhi. They took advantage of the Aravalli hills and caused heavy damage to the Mughal armies that were trying to occupy Rajasthan. After Aurangzeb's death Bahadur Shah I tried to subjugate Rajasthan like his ancestors but his plan backfired when the three Rajput Rajas of Amber , Udaipur , and Jodhpur made a joint resistance to the Mughals . The Rajputs first expelled

5104-542: The ministry of forestry is situated in Jodhpur and continuously works on desert flora and their conservation. Ranthambore National Park is 7 km from Sawai Madhopur Railway Station. It is known worldwide for its tiger population and is considered by both wilderness lovers and photographers as one of the best places in India to spot tigers. At one point, due to poaching and negligence, tigers became extinct at Sariska, but five tigers have been relocated there. Prominent among

5192-556: The name Rajasthan appears in the 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India , while the earliest known record of Rajputana as a name for the region is in George Thomas 's 1800 memoir Military Memories . John Keay , in his book India: A History , stated that Rajputana was coined by the British in 1829, John Briggs, translating Ferishta 's history of early Islamic India, used

5280-579: The north; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast; and Gujarat to the southwest. Its geographical location is 23°.3' to 30°.12' North latitude and 69°.30' to 78°.17' East longitude, with the Tropic of Cancer passing through its southernmost tip. Its major features include the ruins of the Indus Valley civilisation at Kalibangan and Balathal , the Dilwara Temples ,

5368-403: The other Rajput states, constitutes a glorious saga of Rajput valor and the spirit of self-sacrifice for cherished principles. Rana Pratap's methods of sporadic warfare were later elaborated further by Malik Ambar, the Deccani general, and by Shivaji". Rana Amar Singh I continued his ancestor's war against the Mughals under Jehangir , he repelled the Mughal armies at Dewar. Later an expedition

SECTION 60

#1732854796936

5456-409: The other hand, the latter consists of Civil and Sessions Judges. The District Judge has control over the Subordinate Judicial Service in Rajasthan. The politics of Rajasthan has mainly been dominated mainly by the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress . Chief Secretary Of Rajasthan is Usha Sharma and Director General of Police or DGP of Rajasthan is Umesh Mishra. Rajasthan

5544-399: The overlord of the subcontinent, was finally replaced by the British Empire in 1818. In the 19th century, the Rajput kingdoms were exhausted, they had been drained financially and in manpower after continuous wars and due to heavy tributes exacted by the Maratha Empire . To save their kingdoms from instability, rebellions and banditry the Rajput kings concluded treaties with the British in

5632-399: The park with several species of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals reported to have died as roadkill. The Ranthambore National Park located in Sawai Madhopur , one of the well known tiger reserves in the country, became a part of Project Tiger in 1973. Tal Chhapar Sanctuary is a very small sanctuary in Sujangarh , Churu District , 210 kilometres (130 mi) from Jaipur in

5720-446: The phrase " Rajpoot (Rajput) princes" rather than "Indian princes". Parts of what is now Rajasthan were partly part of the Vedic Civilisation and the Indus Valley civilisation . Kalibangan , in Hanumangarh district , was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilisation. Topsfield writes that the Rajputs first entered India from the north west in the first millennium A.D. They established kingdoms in western India in

5808-525: The population respectively. Languages of Banaskantha district (2011) According to the 2011 Census of India , 96.35% of the population in the district spoke Gujarati and 0.91% Hindi as their first language. Rajasthan Rajasthan ( / r ɑː dʒ ə ˈ s t ɑː n / ; Hindi: [raːdʒəsˈtʰaːn] ; lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northwestern India . It covers 342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It

5896-545: The present day Sahibi River as the Vedic Drishadwati River, which along with Saraswati River formed the borders of the Vedic state of Brahmavarta. Manu and Bhrigu narrated the Manusmriti to a congregation of seers in this area. The ashrams of Vedic seers Bhrigu and his son Chayvan Rishi, for whom Chyawanprash was formulated, were near Dhosi Hill , part of which lies in Dhosi village of Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan and part of which lies in Mahendragarh district of Haryana . The Western Kshatrapas (405–35 BCE),

5984-437: The progress of the Arabs beyond the confines of Sindh , their only conquest for nearly 300 years. The Ghurids had made an attempt to invade India through southern Rajasthan, however they were defeated in the Battle of Kasahrada on 1178 by a confederacy of Rajputs under Mularaja II of the Kingdom of Gujarat . Prithviraj Chauhan led a confederacy of Rajput clans and defeated the invading Ghruids under Muhammad Ghori in

6072-446: The rate of electricity access from 71% of the population in 2015). The renewable energy sector plays the most important role in the increase of generation capacities, with the main focus on solar energy . In 2020, Bhadla Solar Park was recognised as the largest cluster of photovoltaic power plants in a single region in the world, with the installed power exceeding the 2.2 gigawatt peak. Jaipur International Airport (JAI) in Jaipur,

6160-422: The region that is now known as Rajasthan. An archaeological excavation at the Balathal site in Udaipur district shows a settlement contemporary with the Harrapan civilisation dating back to 3000–1500 BCE. Stone Age tools dating from 5,000 to 200,000 years were found in Bundi and Bhilwara districts of the state. The Matsya kingdom of the Vedic civilisation of India is said to roughly corresponded to

6248-442: The resistance. Maharana Pratap took an oath to avenge the citizens of Chittor; he fought the Mughal empire till his death and liberated most of Mewar apart from Chittor itself. Maharana Pratap soon became the most celebrated warrior of Rajasthan and became famous all over India for his sporadic warfare and noble actions. According to Satish Chandra , "Rana Pratap's defiance of the mighty Mughal empire, almost alone and unaided by

6336-517: The second-largest producer of oilseeds . Rajasthan is also the biggest wool -producing state in India and the main opium producer and consumer. There are mainly two crop seasons. The water for irrigation comes from wells and tanks. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates northwestern Rajasthan. The main industries are mineral based, agriculture-based, and textile based. Rajasthan is the second-largest producer of polyester fibre in India. Several prominent chemical and engineering companies are located in

6424-405: The southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east. The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography. In the south lies the hilly tract of Mewar. In the southeast,

6512-566: The state after Junagadh district and Jamnagar district . The district has rich mineral reserves including limestone, marble, granite, building stone, and china clay. It accounts for almost the entire marble reserves (99.3%) of Gujarat and contributes about 15% to the total production of limestone in the state. Banaskantha District Central Co-operative Bank is one of the most important banks of Gujarat. It has got prestigious State Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University , Sardarkrushinagar . The main agriculture

6600-404: The state in the production of vegetables contributing nearly 17.67% to the total vegetable production of Gujarat. It is the largest producer of potatoes in the state. Bajri , Maize, Tobacco, Castor oil , Jowar , Psyllium are the other major crops of the district. It is also one of the leading producers of Isabgul (Psyllium husk) in the country. It is also the 3rd largest producer of oil seeds in

6688-401: The state, like most of the country, has auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws . Average speed on state highways varies between 50 and 60 kilometres per hour (31–37 mph) due to the heavy presence of vehicles; in villages and towns, speeds are as low as 25–30 km/h (16–19 mph). Literal translation Literal translation , direct translation , or word-for-word translation

6776-404: The state. Jaipur , Jodhpur , and Kota have two municipal corporations each since October 2019, as their populations have exceeded 1 million. Major internet service provider (ISP) and telecom companies are present in Rajasthan including Vodafone Idea , BSNL , Airtel , Jio , Data Infosys Limited , RailTel Corporation of India , Software Technology Parks of India (STPI). Data Infosys

6864-549: The states of Ajmer and Alwar in Rajasthan, and defeated Akbar's forces twice, first at Agra and then at Delhi in 1556 at Battle of Delhi before acceding to the throne of Delhi and establishing the "Hindu Raj" in North India , albeit for a short duration, from Purana Qila in Delhi. Hem Chandra was killed in the battlefield at Second Battle of Panipat fighting against Mughals on 5 November 1556. During Akbar 's reign most of

6952-529: The target language (a process also known as "loan translation") are called calques , e.g., beer garden from German Biergarten . The literal translation of the Italian sentence, " So che questo non va bene " ("I know that this is not good"), produces "(I) know that this not (it) goes well", which has English words and Italian grammar . Early machine translations (as of 1962 at least) were notorious for this type of translation, as they simply employed

7040-959: The tehsil level. The president of India appoints the chief justice of the High Court of Rajasthan judiciary on the advice of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India as well as the governor of Rajasthan. In Rajasthan, the Subordinate Judicial Service is an essential component of the state's judiciary, and it is divided into two categories: the Rajasthan Civil Judicial Services and the Rajasthan Higher Judicial Service. The former includes Civil Judges (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrates and Civil Judges (Senior Division)/Chief Judicial Magistrate. On

7128-669: The territories of Marwar up to Sindh-Cholistan in west and his northern boundary was just fifty kilometres from Delhi. After defeating Humayun, Sher Shah came towards Rajputana. He defeated Chiefs of Rathore army by trickery in Battle of Sammel and captured some territory of Marwar but it was recovered by Rathores in 1545. Hem Chandra Vikramaditya , the Hindu emperor, was born in the village of Machheri in Alwar District in 1501. He won 22 battles against Afghans, from Punjab to Bengal including

7216-498: The west, starting in the days of Junaid . Historian R. C. Majumdar says that this was openly acknowledged by the Arab writers. He further notes that historians of India have wondered at the slow progress of Muslim invaders in India, as compared with their rapid advance in other parts of the world. Now there seems little doubt that it was the power of the Pratihara army that effectively barred

7304-504: The western slopes of the Aravallis and emptying southwest into the great Rann of Kutch wetland in neighbouring Gujarat . This river is saline in the lower reaches and remains potable only up to Balotara in Barmer district . The Ghaggar River , which originates in Haryana , is an intermittent stream that disappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as

7392-401: The wildlife sanctuaries are Mount Abu Sanctuary, Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary, Darrah Sanctuary , Jaisamand Sanctuary, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary , Jawahar Sagar Sanctuary, and Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary. The state is governed by a parliamentary system of representative democracy. The governor serves as the state's constitutional leader, whereas the chief minister assumes the role of both

7480-633: Was Mewar . Since the invasion of the Muslim Turks from the 13th century onwards, the Rajputs resisted the Muslim incursions into India, and preserved Hindu culture at their courts. The Rajputs put up resistance to the Islamic invasions with their warfare and chivalry for centuries. The Ranas of Mewar led other kingdoms in their resistance to outside rule. Rana Hammir Singh defeated the Tughlaq dynasty and recovered

7568-412: Was again sent under the leadership of Prince Khurram , which caused much damage to life and property of Mewar . Many temples were destroyed, several villages were put on fire and women and children were captured and tortured to make Amar Singh accept surrender. During Aurangzeb 's rule Rana Raj Singh I , Veer Durgadas Rathore and Patshah Akheraj Singh Rajpurohit were chief among those who defied

7656-455: Was formed on 30 March 1949 when the states of the Rajputana Agency of the erstwhile British Empire in India were merged into the new Indian Union . Its capital and largest city is Jaipur . Other important cities are Jodhpur , Kota , Bikaner , Ajmer , Sarwar , Bharatpur and Udaipur . The economy of Rajasthan is the seventh-largest state economy in India with ₹ 10.20 lakh crore (US$ 120 billion) in gross domestic product and

7744-455: Was the first ISP to bring the internet to Rajasthan in April 1999 and OASIS was the first private mobile telephone company. Rajasthan's economy is primarily agricultural and pastoral . Wheat and barley are cultivated over large areas, as are pulses , sugarcane , and oilseeds . Cotton and tobacco are the state's cash crops. Rajasthan is among the largest producers of edible oils in India and

#935064