Misplaced Pages

#213786

54-650: It is separated from the rest of the neighborhood by the Moreno, Balbastro, Varela and Castañares avenues. Due to the Law 2329, signed on the 10 May, 2007, its limits have been established within the Nueva Pompeya neighborhood boundaries. The neighborhood is characterized by its low houses and its low population density, where the Barrio Municipal Presidente Rivadavia (President Rivadavia Municipal Neighborhood),

108-641: A field hospital during the 1880 conflict between the Nation and secessionist factions in Buenos Aires . Over the course of the twentieth century the district developed its present urban aspect. In 1938 a bridge adorned with arcs and columns of rubblework in neo-colonial style was opened on the Matanza river. A district landmark, it was first called Valentín Alsina Bridge and renamed after de facto President José Félix Uriburu following his death in 1932. The original name

162-404: A highly repressive model of government, with martial law and military courts to try civilians who opposed the de facto government. His idea was to establish a corporative regime in the style of Italian fascist Benito Mussolini, but the result of the elections demonstrated that it did not have popular support and he was unable to follow through with the plan. In early 1931, he called elections in

216-595: A military attaché to Germany and the United Kingdom. When he returned to Argentina in 1914, he was elected to the Argentine National Congress . In 1921, he ascended to the rank of Division General, and the following year was appointed inspector general of the army by Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear . He was a member of the Supreme Council of War until 1926, when Yrigoyen forced him to retire for having reached

270-561: A military coup and declaring himself president. From 6 September 1930 to 20 February 1932, he controlled both the Executive and Legislative branches of government. As "President of the Provisional Government," he acted as the de facto Head of state of Argentina. His was the first of a series of successful coups d'état and unconstitutional governments that came to power in 1943 , 1955 , 1962 , 1966 , and 1976 . Uriburu's coup

324-405: A newspaper opposed to the radical government of Hipólito Yrigoyen, who was harshly criticized for a series of federal interventions and for his government's ties to assassinating opposition leaders, such as Senator Lencinas, which produced a weakening of the democracy and led to the military coup led by general José Félix Uriburu. On 6 September 1930, Uriburu staged a coup d'état that overthrew

378-505: Is a place of legend in tango. Neighborhood artists designed an emblem for Nueva Pompeya. It shows the church, Alsina bridge, bandoneón and the figure of an intellectual who tightens with his hand, in greeting signal, the arm of a worker. The district has an extraordinary tradition of social assistance societies, like the Nueva Pompeya Social and Cultural Complex, formed by employees, retailers and workers to encourage improvements to

432-505: Is clear and evident that it is those 60% that govern the country, because in legal elections, they are the majority. He established a repressive regime that included for the first time the systematic use of torture against political opponents, particularly anarchists , communists , and radical yrigoyenists, using the Sector of Public Order of the Capital Police, with Leopoldo Lugones, Jr. at

486-627: Is crossed by numerous divided along the middle by Sáenz Avenue, which unites Nueva Pompeya with Valentin Alsina, in the Province of Buenos Aires . In both, metallurgical and meat-packing plants dominated the labor market until they began to close after 1980, often as a result of economic policies that adversely affected production, rather than as a result of shifting markets. Nevertheless, many factories remain and others still function as warehouses and factory outlets. Next to Doctor Antonio Sáenz railway station, on

540-466: Is still sometimes referred to as "the street of bones", for the many cattle that died on their way to the slaughterhouse, early in the twentieth century. The area was also well known for its many pulperías , seedy saloons frequented by cutlers, carriers and guitarists. Two are still preserved as museums: La Blanqueada and the Maria Adelia Pulperia , which had a patio so large that it served as

594-453: Is the Spanish actor José Sacristán , who divides his time between Buenos Aires and Spain. The tango heritage of the district is owed to a great extent to lyricist Homero Manzi . In the corner of Tabaré and Del Barco Centenera Streets, mentioned in the tango Mano Blanca (“White Hand”), a mural containing the lyrics of the tango memorializes Manzi; but, mainly, it emphasizes that Nueva Pompeya

SECTION 10

#1732851088214

648-582: The 1853 Constitution . Uriburu proposed that Argentina be reorganized along corporatist and fascist lines. Uriburu was born on 20 July 1868 in Salta to José de Uriburu y Poveda and Serafina de Uriburu y Álvarez de Arenales, who were cousins. He was also the nephew of President José Evaristo Uriburu and a descent of Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales , a general in the Spanish American wars of independence . According to genealogist Narciso Binayán Carmona, he

702-532: The Province of Buenos Aires , but later annulled them after the Radical Civic Union (UCR) won. In November of that year, he again called elections after prohibiting UCR candidates and organizing a system that was broadly recognized as fraudulent , marking the beginning of the so-called Infamous Decade in Argentina. It was under these conditions that General Agustín P. Justo was elected president, representing

756-527: The University Reform of 1918 . Once the coup had taken place, the newly founded General Confederation of Labor (CGT) adopted an attitude of complacency towards the military regime. In the economic sphere, the Great Depression had an impact on the country and caused a significant decrease in revenue, a decline in consumption, and an increase in unemployment. In the political sphere, Uriburu attempted

810-518: The origins of tango . Tango was at first often danced (or, moved to) without a partner along the borders of the Riachuelo . First performed where the Alsina Bridge is today located, it gained national and, after 1930, international popularity. It was first reportedly danced by pairs in a tango hall located in the corner of Corrales St. and La Plata Avenue, bordering the district of Nueva Pompeya. Over

864-533: The A.D. 79 destruction of the namesake city; the church was expanded in the 1920s to accommodate the growing numbers of faithful. The church, in addition, exhibits an ornate wall clock imported by Father Agustín de Pamplona from Spain in 1923. Not until 1935 however did bells begin to sound at the Church, after their installation by local expert watchmaker Enrique Borneman. The Church of the Rosary of Nueva Pompeya remains among

918-577: The Barrio Presidente Illia (President Illia Neighborhood) and the populous villa 1-11-14 (village 1-11-14), inhabited mainly by immigrants from Bolivia , Perú and Paraguay , meet. Bajo Flores is home to Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro Sports City and its stadium, the Estadio Pedro Bidegain (popularly known as "Nuevo Gasómetro"). There are also the headquarters and sports fields of several clubs such as DAOM and Piñero, and

972-500: The Church, proposing a socioeconomic relationship which later became known as corporatism . The nationalist ideologies that arose from the rise to power of Italy's Benito Mussolini , who supported the introduction of corporatism, created a division within the People's Party and its eventual dissolution. It was then that the Catholic nationalists supported the publication La Nueva República,

1026-581: The Nation and the urgent purposes that the duty of the Argentines imposes upon us in this solemn hour for the fate of the country, have resolved to raise the flag in order to cut ties with the men of the government, who have betrayed the trust of the people and of the Republic, and demand the immediate discharge of their command, which they no longer execute for the common good, but for their personal desires. We therefore notify you categorically that they no longer have

1080-511: The Saint Rosary. Small lateral towers were forged out of iron, as was the ornate main portal. Inside, oil portraits of 19th century merchant clippers and historical events line the walls and religious figures grace the main hall, accented also by religious statues. In the centre of the patio there is a bronze monument to the Virgin of Pompeii. Several portions of the church were built with rubble from

1134-510: The San José de Flores Cemetery, the third cemetery to open in the City of Buenos Aires. This article about a location in the City of Buenos Aires , Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Nueva Pompeya Nueva Pompeya ( Spanish for New Pompei ), often loosely referred to as Pompeya , is a neighbourhood in the city of Buenos Aires , Argentina . Located in

SECTION 20

#1732851088214

1188-504: The South side, it has long been one of the city's proletarian districts steeped in the tradition of tango and one where many of the first tangos were written and performed. A neighborhood local, the legendary tango composer Homero Manzi , set a very popular tango ( Sur ) in Nueva Pompeya, describing a melancholy landscape (“ Pompeya and beyond the flood ”) that, even today, defines much of

1242-567: The Southern areas of the city where today many of their descendants remain. In addition to the district of Nueva Pompeya, they made homes in the districts of La Boca and Barracas , where they often lived in precarious houses they built themselves. As they initiated their new lives in the South American continent, they developed a distinct culture grounded in Europe and, still, all their own. In that lay

1296-482: The Superior School of War, Uriburu expressed his opposition to universal suffrage: We must try to achieve a political authority based in reality rather than purely theory... Aristotle defined democracy as a government by those best fit to rule. The difficulty is in making those who are best fit the rulers. It is difficult to make that happen in any country where, like ours, there is a 60% illiteracy rate, therefore it

1350-566: The United States and England (a country Uriburu had served as an attaché), recognized his provisional government. Though Uriburu publicly claimed to respect the Constitution, he personally felt that it was necessary to return the country to the rule of a conservative government as was the case prior to the Law of Sáenz Peña , which had established a secret vote for all men over 18. In a speech given to

1404-481: The age of retirement. The world economic crisis in 1929, known as the Great Depression , had a profound impact on Argentina. It primarily affected the economy, since 80% of its revenue came from foreign trade. The crisis created a situation of social tension, with decreases in salary and increases in unemployment. This economic unrest created the political context for the 1930 coup. This crisis of democratic systems

1458-535: The area habitat. Since 2000 they have helped address the needs of Nueva Pompeya's many needy with community dining halls, among them Juanita's Little House on 1340 Sáenz Avenue. Neighborhood activist Juana Isabel Fernandez, a worker made unemployed during the economic crisis at that time, opened the center and continues to run it with the help of the Nueva Pompeya Social and Cultural Complex and other locals. The provident arrival of European immigrants after 1880 practically reinvented Buenos Aires. They mostly settled in

1512-484: The burning canvas. The portrait was of the Virgin of Rosario, flanked by Santo Domingo and St. Catherine of Siena . Becoming a fervent devotee, he began to spread its cult and years later, he migrated to Argentina, where he settled in a riverbank area on the Buenos Aires southside and preached the virtue of the "Virgin of the Rosary of Pompeya" to all and sundry. The then-undeveloped area soon became Nueva Pompeya and

1566-523: The city of Olavarría just a few meters from the Monument to Liberty erected by the French. It was removed in 1966 and kept in a municipal warehouse. Later, the municipal leader Enrique Mario Alfieri, put in by de facto President Juan Carlos Onganía , placed it on his desk, and in 1973, another conservative municipal leader, Juan Ángel Moya, this time put in by de facto President Roberto M. Levingston , returned

1620-444: The constitutional government of Hipólito Yrigoyen and established a military dictatorship, the first of several that lasted until 1983. At the time, Uriburu essentially represented Catholic neo-corporatist nationalism. Plans rooted in this ideology included a system in which there would be corporate chamber with representation from unions and businesses, and another chamber with political representation. It could be said that this ideology

1674-685: The continent; the first time in the history of the country that the Armed Forces took political power; the first time since the Tragic Week of 1919 and the repression of the Patagonia Rebelde of 1922 that the government assassinated union members; and the first time since the end of Rosas' dictatorship that the Catholic Church had meddled in politics, this time with a distinctly fascist orientation. Uriburu entrusted poet Leopoldo Lugones with

Bajo Flores - Misplaced Pages Continue

1728-469: The corner of Sáenz and Moreno Avenues, the Buenos Aires Bird Fair operates every Sunday. The fair is renowned for its variety of songbirds, particularly canoras . The Chinese Bar, on Beazley Street, is a representative institution of the district. It was installed by tango vocalist Jorge “Chino” Garcés and is frequented tango fans in search of an authentic atmosphere. Among the bar's regulars

1782-507: The country for health reasons and died in Paris two months later after undergoing surgery for stomach cancer. His body was later repatriated and buried at the Recoleta Cemetery . During the 20th century, several busts and memorial were created and streets named in the dictator's honor, many during de facto governments. However, during the 21st century, these monuments have been removed and

1836-460: The district's physionomy . Nueva Pompeya was given its name by the faithful of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompeya, raised in 1900 by Capuchin monks. Until then, it was often referred to as the "district of the Frogs." The term “frog”, in the Buenos Aires vernacular, refers to the "street-wise" man, and, indeed, many of Nueva Pompeya's youth are thought of this way to the present day. Nueva Pompeya

1890-474: The force as guarantee of order and social security." He dissolved the National Congress, declared a state of siege, replaced the governors of the provinces with radical governors through federal intervention, and attempted to establish a neo-corporatist government. In this system of government, similar to fascism, Uriburu saw an example of peace and political order. On 18 September 1930, the ambassadors from

1944-580: The founders of the Working Catholic Circle, was until recently directed by his son, Father Jorge Valdisseri, who died at the age of 91. The district is also home to one of the city's largest slums ( villas miserias , in the Argentine vernacular). Swollen by migration from Argentina's impoverished rural areas in the north and from Argentina's northern neighbor, Bolivia , its inhabitants are mostly manual laborers, particularly seamstresses. The district

1998-413: The helm. He declared martial law and executed anarchist militants such as Severino Di Giovanni , Gregorio Galeano, José Gatti, Joaquín Penina, Paulino Scarfó and Jorge Tamayo Gavilán. He imprisoned several political leaders, such as former president Hipólito Yrigoyen; censured news publications; and took over the nation's universities, eliminating the autonomy and co-government that they had enjoyed since

2052-494: The most visited and architecturally significant in Buenos Aires. 34°39′S 58°25′W  /  34.650°S 58.417°W  / -34.650; -58.417 Jos%C3%A9 F%C3%A9lix Uriburu Lieutenant General José Félix Benito Uriburu y Uriburu (20 July 1868 – 29 April 1932) was the President of the Provisional Government of Argentina , ousting the successor to President Hipólito Yrigoyen by means of

2106-1059: The party that had earlier been wiped out by the Sáenz Peña Law. In March 1931, Uriburu received Edward Windsor , then prince of Wales and later King Edward VIII, with whom he visited the Campo de Mayo , the National Hippodrome, and the seaside resort of Mar del Plata to inaugurate the British Exposition of Arts and Industries at La Rural . Octavio Sergio Pico April 6, 1931 – 20 February 1932 Adolfo Bioy October 9, 1931 – 20 February 1932 Enrique Uriburu April 17, 1931 – 20 February 1932 Guillermo Rothe April 16, 1931 – 20 February 1932 David Arias April 16, 1931 – 20 February 1932 Pablo Calatayud April 17, 1931 – 20 February 1932 Carlos G. Daireaux April 17, 1931 – 20 February 1932 After turning his power over to Agustín P. Justo, he left

2160-519: The remains of a political conglomeration that is strangling the Republic. On 10 September 1930, Uriburu was recognized as President of the Nation by means of an infamous and controversial ruling by the Supreme Court , which gave rise to the De facto government doctrine . This doctrine legitimized the new government, "as long as it executes the administrative and political function derived from its possession of

2214-408: The saints in the portrait soon graced the names of two of the area's main streets. On May 14, 1896, the first stone is blessed for the construction of a chapel on land donated by the ladies of St. Vincent de Paul of the parish of neighboring San Cristóbal . Its construction, directed by the architect and painter Augusto César Ferrari , proceeded rapidly and the Church of the Rosary of Nueva Pompeya

Bajo Flores - Misplaced Pages Continue

2268-631: The sports field of the Club Italiano (where its rugby union and field hockey teams play their home games); other facilities in Bajo Flores are the Argentinos Juniors training fields and the club Deportivo Español stadium, which was the first built, giving a strong social push to the whole Bajo Flores neighborhood. Bajo Flores is also the site of the Depósito de Agua Flores (Flores water deposit) and

2322-583: The streets renamed. In the city of San Carlos de Bolívar , there was a bust of Uriburu in Las Acollaradas Park, but in 2012 the city council voted to remove it. In the city of Balcarce , there is still a monument on Avenida Favaloro, previously named Avenida Uriburu. While the City Council approved its removal in 2014, the monument still remains. Until 2015, there was a bust of Uriburu in Park Mitre in

2376-427: The support of the armed forces, whose primary objective is to defend personal respect, which they have compromised, and there will no longer be in our ranks a single man who will uprise against his comrade to defend a cause that has become the shame of the Nation. We also notify you that we will not tolerate last-minute maneuvers or communications that hope to save a government repudiated by public opinion or keep in power

2430-521: The suppression of the Radical Revolution of 1905 . In 1907, he became the director of the Superior School of War and was later sent to Germany for three years to perfect his training program. When he returned to Buenos Aires, he attended the scientific conventions for the Centennial celebrations and later took the command of Chief of Staff in the Argentine borderlands. In 1913, he returned to Europe as

2484-458: The task of writing the revolutionary proclamation, although the first version was accused of being fascist by Colonel José María Sarobe and General Agustín P. Justo , who represented the traditional conservative liberalism in Argentina. Lugones therefore had to modify the proclamation. The proclamation read: The Army and Navy of the Fatherland, responding to the unanimous fervor of the people of

2538-471: The years numerous tango halls such as the historic Chinese Bar opened and now-legendary names, such as Homero Manzi, created much of their best work there, making Nueva Pompeya the true cradle of tango. According to account history, in the city of Pompeii , (Italy), recently sanctified Bartolo Longo noticed a deteriorated portrait on the verge of being disposed of by incineration; without knowing whose portrait it was, he became enamored with it while observing

2592-407: Was consecrated on June 29, 1900, becoming a parish in 1905. This house of worship is very distinctive in the area with its Gothic Revival architecture, a style that became popular in other areas of Buenos Aires. Dominated by a single tower, the large windows on the nave decorated with wonderful stained-glass windows of German origin in the form of pointed arcs that represent the fifteen mysteries of

2646-797: Was descended from Spanish conquistador Domingo Martínez de Irala . On 17 March 1885, he entered the Colegio Militar de la Nación as a cadet. With the rank of sublieutenant, he was one of the 33 officers that participated in the organization of the Revolution of the Park in 1890. On 19 November 1894, he married Aurelia Madero Buján (1873–1959), the daughter of Eduardo Madero and Marcelina Buján Ellauri, with whom he had three children: Alberto Eduardo, Elena, Teresa, and Marta Mercedes. He served as an assistant to his uncle José Uriburu and to president Luis Sáenz Peña. In 1905, he supported President Manuel Quintana in

2700-408: Was largely built on the alluvial plain north of the Riachuelo and, at the time, it was subject to frequent flooding. It was consequently thinly populated, and was notorious for its poverty and high crime rate. Until the 1930s, when industries began setting up in the area, most locals worked in the large slaughterhouse in neighboring Parque Patricios . Sáenz Avenue, which leads through Nueva Pompeya,

2754-410: Was restored in 2002. The district's residential areas are mostly one-story rowhouses. Nueva Pompeya is served by a number of community services. In 1940 the Working Catholic Circle opened on a 2-acre (8,100 m ) lot on 1342 Sáenz Avenue, and in 1965 the city opened a Natatorium (indoor pool) of 27 meters in length. The Social and Cultural Complex of Nueva Pompeya, founded by Carlos Valdisseri, one of

SECTION 50

#1732851088214

2808-439: Was rooted in the Catholic nationalism which had been on the rise in Argentina since the 1920s. The coup d'état that came to power was unprecedented in the modern history of Argentina. According to Argentine philosopher Mario Bunge , the 1930 military coup ended a half-century-long period of internal peace and ongoing economic, political, and cultural progress in the country. It was also the first time that fascism rose its head in

2862-457: Was seen throughout all of Latin America. Furthermore, the social teachings of the Catholic Church at the time were based in the 1891 encyclical Rerum novarum , which dealt with the conditions of the working class, made clear the church's support for workers' unions, reaffirmed its support for the right to private property, and discussed relations between the government, corporations, workers, and

2916-467: Was supported by the Nacionalistas , a far-right Argentine nationalist movement that around 1910 grew out of the "traditionalist" position, which was based on nostalgia for feudal economic relations and a more "organic" social order. In the aftermath of the coup, major changes to Argentine politics and government took place, with Uriburu banning political parties, suspending elections, and suspending

#213786