111-518: Bad Blue Boys ( BBB ) are an ultras group who support the Croatian football club GNK Dinamo Zagreb . Bad Blue Boys were officially founded on 17 March 1986 in Zagreb , with almost 16 members (hopefully 17 next year) from different areas of the city. The name of the group is said to have been inspired by the 1983 film starring Sean Penn , Bad Boys . Their mascot is a bulldog and their official anthem
222-507: A Communist. Then, as if that's not enough, then they declare that my wife is Jewish or Serbian. Luckily for me, she never was either, although many wives are. And so on and so forth spreading lies ... The part of the statement about his wife was later widely criticized, including by officials of the Simon Wiesenthal Center . Croatian historian Ante Nazor cited claims by Tuđman's son, Miroslav and Stijepo Mijović Kočan about
333-437: A Croatian interpretation of history turned many professors from University of Zagreb like Mirjana Gross and Ljubo Boban against him. In April 1964, Boban denounced Tuđman as a nationalist . During Tuđman's leadership the institute became a source of alternative interpretations of Yugoslav history which caused his conflict with official Yugoslav historiography. He did not have an appropriate academic degree to qualify him as
444-403: A baby), Ivica (born in 1924) and Stjepan "Štefek" (born in 1926). When Franjo Tuđman was seven, his mother Justina ( née Gmaz ) died while bearing her fifth child. Tuđman's mother was a devout Catholic , unlike his father and stepmother. His father, like Stjepan Radić , had anticlerical attitudes and young Franjo adopted his views. As a child, Franjo Tuđman served as an altar boy in
555-631: A barbecue party organized by Bad Blue Boys after receiving report of displayed swastika . The two police officers who came to remove swastika were subsequently attacked by Bad Blue Boys using clubs. In 2018, Croatian police raided BBB quarters in Zagreb, where they seized weapons; clubs, pyrotechnics , balaclavas and ammunition . Their quarters were also decorated with graffiti dedicated to Adolf Hitler and Ante Pavelić . In October 2023, Bad Blue Boys chanted Ustaša march song during Croatian Football League match between Dinamo Zagreb and HNK Gorica . As
666-456: A consequence of BBB chanting Ustaša song, Croatian Football Federation ordered Dinamo Zagreb to pay a fine od 17 000 Euros. Eight Bad Blue Boys were arrested by Croatian police for the same incident. Three of them were banned by the court from attending matches of Croatian Football League and Croatian National Football Team for one year. The remaining five were given one year parole , or facing 60 days in prison. Ultras Ultras are
777-507: A damaged hospital and helping to rebuild homes in conjunction with other ultra groups across Croatia. On 8 August 2023, in the build up to the 2023–24 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , 120 members of the BBB, including members of Gate 13 , arrived outside the Agia Sophia Stadium of AEK Athens F.C. , despite a UEFA ban on away supporters. In the ensuing conflict, a 29-year-old
888-449: A few ultras that are connected to football clubs Manijaci , Horde zla , Lešinari , Red Army , Škripari , Ultras Mostar and many more. Gate-9 ( Greek : Θύρα 9 ) is a Cypriot fans' group that supports the football team People's Athletic Club Omonia 1948 and all the sport departments of AC Omonia except football. Omonia supporters are traditionally left wing. A 2009 gallop poll estimated that three out of four Omonia fans vote for
999-565: A focal point for the movement against the commercialisation of sports and football in particular. Ultras also have regional variants and analogues, such as casuals in the United Kingdom , barra bravas in Hispanic America , and torcidas organizadas in Brazil . The origin of the ultras movement is disputed, with many supporters groups from various countries making claims solely on
1110-579: A handful of fans to hundreds or thousands, with larger groups often claiming entire sections of a stadium for themselves. Ultras groups often have a representative who liaises with the club owners on a regular basis, mostly regarding tickets, seat allocations and storage facilities. Some clubs provide groups with cheaper tickets, storage rooms for flags and banners and early access to the stadium before matches to prepare displays. These types of favoured relationships are often criticised when ultras groups abuse their power. While ultras groups can become violent,
1221-562: A high favorability rating among the Croatian public. Franjo Tuđman was born on 14 May 1922 in Veliko Trgovišće , a village in the northern Croatian region of Hrvatsko Zagorje , at the time part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . The family moved to the house marked as his birthplace soon after he was born. His father Stjepan ran a local tavern and was a politically active member of
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#17331285415311332-788: A historian. He began to realize that he would need to obtain a doctorate in order to keep his position. His dissertation was entitled The Causes of the Crisis of the Yugoslav Monarchy from Unification in 1918 until Its Breakdown in 1941 , and was a compilation of some of his previously published works. The University of Zagreb's Faculty of Philosophy rejected his dissertation, on the grounds that some parts of it had already been published. The Faculty of Arts in Zadar (then part of University of Zagreb, today University of Zadar ) accepted it and he graduated on 28 December 1965. In his thesis, he stated that
1443-639: A major offensive known as Operation Storm which effectively ended the war in Croatia. In the same year, he was one of the signatories of the Dayton Agreement that put an end to the Bosnian War. He was re-elected president in 1992 and 1997 and remained in power until his death in 1999. While supporters point out his role in achieving Croatian independence, critics have described his presidency as authoritarian . Surveys after Tuđman's death have generally shown
1554-698: A meeting in December 1991 with the HDZ BiH leadership Tuđman discussed the possibility of joining Herzeg-Bosnia to Croatia as he thought that Bosnian representatives were working to remain in Yugoslavia. There he criticized HDZ BiH president Stjepan Kljujić for siding with Izetbegović. However, in February 1992 he encouraged Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina to support the upcoming Bosnian independence referendum . Izetbegović declared
1665-608: A member of the Croatian PEN centre. On 6 June 1987, he travelled to Canada with his wife to meet Croatian Canadians . They were trying not to discuss sensitive issues with emigrants abroad fearing that some might be agents of the Yugoslav secret police (UDBA), which was a common practice at the time. During his trips to Canada he met many Croatian emigrants who were natives of Herzegovina or were of Herzegovinian ancestry. Some of these later became Croatian government officials after
1776-589: A priest. When he was 15, his father brought him to Zagreb , where he met Vladko Maček , the president of the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS). At first young, Franjo liked the HSS, but later he turned towards communism . On 5 November 1940, he was arrested during student demonstrations celebrating the anniversary of the Soviet October Revolution . On 10 April 1941, when Slavko Kvaternik proclaimed
1887-640: A section of the club's home stadium Villa Park for a Premier League match against A.F.C. Bournemouth to launch the group's presence at Aston Villa's matches. Several clubs in Hungary have large ultras groups, such as Ferencváros (Green Monsters), Újpest (Viola Fidelity), Diósgyőr (Ultras Diósgyőr), Honvéd (Ultras Kispest, Északi Kanyar), Fehérvár (Red Blue Devils), Tatabánya (Turul Ultrái), Debrecen (Szívtiprók Ultras Debrecen) and other strongly developing groups such as Kecskemét (Ultras Kecskemét). The national team of Hungary has an ultras group known as
1998-629: A speech in which he called upon the whole population to mobilize and defend against "Greater Serbian imperialism" pursued by the Serb-led JNA, Serbian paramilitary formations, and rebel Serb forces. Two days later the Yugoslav Air Force bombed Banski Dvori , the seat of the Croatian Government in Zagreb, at the time when Tuđman had a meeting with Yugoslav president Stjepan Mesić and prime minister Ante Marković , none of whom were injured in
2109-541: A televised proclamation of neutrality, stating that " this is not our war ". The Bosniak leadership initially showed willingness to remain in a rump Yugoslavia, but later changed their policy and opted for independence. The Croat leadership started organizing themselves in Croat-majority areas and on 18 November 1991 established the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia as an autonomous Croat territorial unit. At
2220-525: A type of association football fans who are known for their fanatical support . The term originated in Italy, but is used worldwide to describe predominantly organised fans of association football teams. The behavioural tendency of ultras groups includes singing football chants , playing musical instruments such as drums , their use of flares and smoke bombs (primarily in tifo choreography), frequent use of elaborate displays, vocal support in large groups and
2331-748: Is " Dinamo ja volim " ("I love Dinamo"), by the Croatian rock band Pips, Chips & Videoclips . At home matches in Dinamo Zagreb's Maksimir Stadium , the Bad Blue Boys are located behind one goal in the North Stand. The groups has a Bulldog on its badge and as its mascot. In 2008 the group were involved in a controversy over graffiti daubed on the walls of the Zagrebački električni tramvaj building at Remiza, saying, "Death to Journalists, BBB ZG", which appeared on 21 March 2008. The graffiti appeared following
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#17331285415312442-559: Is Italy. The first Italian ultras groups were formed in 1951, including the Fedelissimi Granata of Torino . The 1960s saw the continuing spread and development of the culture with the formation of the Fossa dei Leoni and Boys San groups, the former often regarded in Italy as the first full-fledged ultras group (associated with violence). The term "ultras" was used as a name for the first time in 1969, when supporters of Sampdoria formed
2553-754: Is also involved in humanitarian work for refugees in Cyprus. The group, besides Nicosia , has fan clubs in Limassol , Athens, Thessaloniki , Larnaka , Paphos , and London. There are also ultras groups affiliated with the APOEL FC and the Anorthosis Famagusta FC . Although small in size, Malta has some notable ultras groups. The main ultras groups in Malta are Birkirkara Ultras 1997, Ultras Beltin 999, and Paola Boys Hibs Ultras, Sliema Ultras Blue Gladiators as well as
2664-711: Is generally agreed to have come from Italian and English ultraism and hooliganism at the 1982 World Cup held in Spain. Held only seven years after the death of Franco, the World Cup was an opportunity for Spain to join the world of modern international football. Spanish ultraism is particularly known for its dramatic and polarized distinction across two ideological cleavages: fascism and (regional) nationalism. The vast majority of ultra groups identify as either fascist or anti-fascist, and either separatist or nationalist. In The Netherlands , most professional football teams have an ultras group.
2775-487: Is new, and since these have begun, the younger generation of fans in Northern Ireland has increased more than it has in many years. The first Polish ultras groups were formed in 1980s by fans of Legia Warszawa and Arka Gdynia . Those early ultra groups identified as either fascist or national-socialist and opposed the communist government of Wojciech Jaruzelski . The 1990s saw the continuing spread and development of
2886-416: Is viewed by some as a branch of hooliganism, yet still maintaining its own independence and culture. Ultras tend to be more conspicuous when they travel, proudly displaying their scarves and club colours while arriving en masse , which allows the police to keep a close eye on their movements. In Scotland, Ultras Aberdeen are the ultras group who follow Aberdeen F.C. , they organise chants and choreography in
2997-701: The Battle of Vukovar ended that left the city devastated. The JNA and Serbian irregulars seized control of about a quarter of Croatia's territory by the end of 1991. In December 1991, the SAO Krajina proclaimed itself the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK). Until the end of 1991 sixteen ceasefires were signed, none of which lasted longer than a day. On 19 December 1991, Iceland and Germany recognized Croatia's sovereignty. Many observers believe Tuđman's good relationship with Hans-Dietrich Genscher , Germany's foreign minister at
3108-676: The Croatian Home Guard . There, he was helping to activate a partisan division in Zagorje. On 11 May 1942, while carrying Belinić's letter, he was arrested by the Ustashas, but managed to escape from the police station. Franjo Tuđman and Ankica Žumbar were married on 25 May 1945 at the Belgrade City Council. In this way, they wanted to confirm their faith in the Communist movement and
3219-715: The Croatian Peasant Party (HSS). He had been president of the HSS committee in Veliko Trgovišće for 16 years (1925–1941 and had been elected as mayor of Veliko Trgovišće in 1936 and 1938). Mato, Andraš and Juraj, brothers of Stjepan Tuđman, emigrated to the United States . Another brother, Valentin, also tried to emigrate, but a travelling accident prevented him and kept him in Veliko Trgovišće, where he worked as an (uneducated) veterinarian . Besides Franjo, Stjepan Tuđman had an elder daughter Danica Ana (who died as
3330-575: The Faculty of Political Science, University of Zagreb where he taught a course called "Socialist Revolution and Contemporary National History". He left active army service in 1961 at his own request and began working at the Institut za historiju radničkoga pokreta Hrvatske (English: Institute for the History of Workers' Movement of Croatia ), and remained its director until 1967. Tuđman's increasing insistence on
3441-659: The Federal Secretary of People's Defence . On that position in 1959, he became a major general . At the age of 38, he had become the youngest general in the Yugoslav Army . His promotion was not extreme, but it was atypical for a Croat because senior officers were increasingly likely to be Serbs and Montenegrins . In 1962, Serbs and Montenegrins composed 70% of army generals. On 23 May 1954, he became secretary of JSD Partizan Belgrade and, in May 1958, its president, becoming
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3552-547: The ICTY stated that Tuđman shared in their joint criminal enterprise goal of establishing an entity to reunite the Croatian people which was to be implemented through the ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims. However, it did not find him guilty of any specific crimes. In March 1994, he signed the Washington Agreement with Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović that re-allied Croats and Bosniaks. In August 1995, he authorized
3663-759: The Independent State of Croatia (NDH), the puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy , Tuđman left school and started publishing secret newspapers with his friend Vlado Stopar. He was recruited into the Yugoslav Partisans at the beginning of 1942 by Marko Belinić. His father also joined the Partisans and became a founder of the State Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH). According to Tuđman, his father
3774-689: The Log Revolution . The revolt in Knin concentrated the Croatian government on the problem of the lack of weapons. The effects of the JNA's confiscation of the Territorial Defence supplies was partly undone by the new Defence Minister, Martin Špegelj , who bought weapons from Hungary . As it had no regular army, the government had focused on building up the police force. By January 1991 there were 18,500 policemen and by April 1991 around 39,000. On 22 December 1990,
3885-2103: The Maltese national football team ultras group, the South End Core. Romania's ultras only finds itself in the traditional teams like Steaua București,Dinamo București and Rapid București; but there are some small ultras groups which support their local club. The biggest ultras groups are: Peluza Nord FCSB, Peluza Sud Steaua, Peluza Cătălin Hîldan, Peluza Sud Dinamo, Peluza Nord Rapid, Peluza Sud Timisoara, t2 Rapid, Peluza Şepcile Roşii and Peluza Nord Hunedoara. There are also some honourable mentions like Peluza Marină Farul, Peluza Sud Craiova, Peluza Dron and Peluza Nord Galați. The three big clubs of Turkey, namely Beşiktaş , Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray , have dedicated and passionate fanbases. The ultras of these clubs are Çarşı , Genç Fenerbahçeliler and UltrAslan , respectively. The most famous ultras in Bulgaria are Sector G ( CSKA Sofia ), Sector B ( Levski Sofia ), Bultras ( Botev Plovdiv ), Green Fighters ( Neftochimic Burgas ), Moryatsi ( Cherno More Varna ) and Lauta Army ( Lokomotiv Plovdiv ). – Ultras Méga Boys 2007 – Ultras Fanatic Reds 09 – Ultra Dey Boys 09 – Ultras Crazy Capital 14 – Ultras Polina 10 – Ultras Asnam Boys 1437 – Groupe Djawarih 2014 – Group Armata Rosso 2019 – Ultras Scorpion Trop Puissant – Ultras Verde Veteranos – Ultra' Combattiva – Ultras Vescera – Red Scorpion – RossoNero – Ultras Kop 13 – Ultras Giallo Verde – Ultras Vikings 2009 – Ultras Red Army 2013 – Ultras Gouraya United – Ultras Marins – Les Genies – Ultras Guida Nascosta – I Prescelti – Ultras Blue Vichingo – Ultras Tauras Blue – Ultras Mina Men Franjo Tu%C4%91man President of Croatia Elections Family Franjo Tuđman ( Croatian pronunciation: [frǎːɲo tûdʑman] ; 14 May 1922 – 10 December 1999)
3996-528: The Progressive Party of Working People , the communist party of Cyprus. While the group retains its left wing beliefs, in recent years it has been openly critical of the party's involvement in the club's administrative decisions. The party has denied accusations that it influences club decisions. Gate-9 members are associated with communist beliefs and have been noted for waving banners bearing Che Guevara 's portrait, and other communist symbols. The group
4107-560: The Ultras Tito Cucchiaroni and fans of Torino formed the Ultras Granata. The style of support that would become synonymous with Italian football developed most during the 1970s, as more groups formed, including the radical S.S. Lazio Ultras in 1974, with a strong predominance of fascist slogans and chants amongst other groups such as Hellas Verona supporters. The active support of the ultras became more apparent, in contrast with
4218-611: The military academy in Belgrade, like many officers who did not have formal military education. He graduated from the tactical school on 18 July 1957 as an excellent student. One of his teachers was Dušan Bilandžić , who would be a future advisor. Before he turned 40 years old, he had risen to become the youngest general in the Yugoslav Army. He was prominent in attending to communist indoctrination while based in Belgrade, where his three children were born. In 1963, he became professor at
4329-432: The "traditional" culture, choreographic displays, signature banners and symbols, giant flags, drums and fireworks became the norm as groups aimed to take their support to higher levels. The decade also saw the violence and unrest of Italian society at the time overlap with the ultras movement, adding a dimension that has plagued it ever since. The ultras movement spread across Europe, Australia, Asia and North Africa during
4440-513: The 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, starting with the countries geographically closest to Italy. Ultras groups are usually centred on a core group of founders or leaders (who tend to hold executive control), with smaller subgroups organised by location, friendship or political stance. Ultras tend to use various styles and sizes of banners and flags bearing the name and symbols of their group. Some ultras groups sell their own merchandise to raise funds for performing displays. An ultras group can number from
4551-590: The Carpathian Brigade. The group was formed in 2009. Hungarian ultras occupy sector B Central at the Puskás Aréna . – Suspeitos do Costume 2008 In Greece , most professional football teams have an ultras group. Most of them are named after a gate number which refers to the specific place where the fans are situated at the stadium. Others have actual names or no special names at all and they are named after their supporting team. Red Star Belgrade have one of
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4662-515: The Croat majority part of Herzegovina. Tuđman doubted that Bosnia and Herzegovina could survive the dissolution of Yugoslavia, but supported its integrity if it remained outside a Yugoslav federation and Serbian influence. The first Croat casualties in the country fell in October 1991 when the village of Ravno was attacked and destroyed by the JNA. Several days later Bosnian president Alija Izetbegović gave
4773-606: The Croatian Parliament between 1965 and 1969. Apart from his book on guerrilla warfare, Tuđman wrote a series of articles criticizing the Yugoslav Socialist establishment. His most important book from that period was Velike ideje i mali narodi ("Great ideas and small nations"), a monograph on political history that brought him into conflict with the central dogmas of the Yugoslav Communist elite with regard to
4884-557: The Croatian accession to the European Community. The leaders of the Yugoslav republics held many meetings in early 1991 to resolve the growing crisis. On 25 March 1991, Tuđman and Slobodan Milošević met at Karađorđevo , a meeting which became controversial due to claims that the two presidents discussed the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina between Serbia and Croatia. However, the claims came from persons that were not present at
4995-736: The European matches in the Champions League that season. In 2011, Bad Blue Boys were mentioned in the list of 16 "hardcore hooligan firms, ultras groups we wouldn't want to mess with", compiled by the American sports website Bleacher Report . After the devastation of the Zagreb Earthquake in March 2022, BBB immediately mobilized and helped local authorities in Zagreb and surrounding areas. Help ranged from organizing fundraisers, relocating equipment from
5106-454: The Merkland Road Stand, at Pittodrie Stadium, also known as the "Red Shed". The Green Brigade are an ultras group that follow Celtic F.C. and regularly make tifo displays and often voice support for a United Ireland . They are left-wing . On the other side of Glasgow are the Rangers F.C. ultra group The Union Bears. The Union Bears are known for their elaborate fan displays and their support for Northern Irish and Scottish unionism within
5217-417: The Parliament of Croatia ratified the new constitution. The Serbs in Knin proclaimed the Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Krajina in municipalities of the regions of Northern Dalmatia and Lika. In December 1990 Tuđman and Slovenian President Milan Kučan presented their proposal on the restructuring of Yugoslavia on confederal grounds. Tuđman believed that a confederation of sovereign republics could accelerate
5328-444: The Partizan multi-sports club, and mostly wear black and white symbols, which are the club's colors. FC Copenhagen (Sektion 12) and Brøndby IF (Sydsiden) have some of the most renowned ultras groups on the continent, and the derby between the two is also one of the fiercest in Europe. AaB's ultras group caused a 14-minute delay in the 2020 Danish Cup final for a failure to adhere to COVID-19 social distancing rules. The group
5439-460: The President of the Presidency of SR Croatia . As president, Tuđman introduced a new constitution and pressed for the creation of an independent Croatia . On 19 May 1991, an independence referendum was held, which was approved by 93 percent of voters. Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991. Areas with a Serb majority revolted , backed by the Yugoslav Army, and Tuđman led Croatia during its War of Independence . A ceasefire
5550-525: The Serbian leadership rejected their proposals and armed provocations became more frequent, Tuđman decided to realize the idea of a complete Croatian independence. On 25 April 1991, the Croatian Parliament decided to hold an independence referendum on 19 May. Croatian Serbs largely boycotted the referendum. The turnout was 83.56%, of which 93.24% or 2,845,521 voted in favour of the independence of Croatia . Both Slovenia and Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991. The Yugoslav side accused
5661-424: The Socialist Yugoslavia , from Boban's work. Boban offered conclusive proofs to his claim from articles published previously in the magazine Forum and the rest from Boban's own thesis. Tuđman was then expelled from the institute and forced to retire in 1967. Between 1962 and 1967, he was the president of the Main Committee for International Relations of the Croatian League of Communists Main Board and deputy in
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#17331285415315772-762: The UK. They celebrate and support the Protestant history of both Rangers and Scotland. Block Seven are a supporters group that support Hibernian FC , the Gorgie Ultras support rivals, Heart of Midlothian FC . In England, there are ultras groups at, Colchester United known as the BWA (Blue and White Army), Hartlepool United known as the NWC, Middlesbrough F.C. (Red Faction), Norwich City (City Elite), Crystal Palace F.C. ( Holmesdale Fanatics ), Ipswich Town F.C. (Blue Action), Leicester City F.C. (Union FS), Huddersfield Town F.C. (Cowshed Loyal), and Stockport County (Hatters 83), Bristol City (Section 82), Arsenal (Ashburton Army) Several non-league football teams in England have ultras groups that are left-wing, such as
5883-487: The Yugoslav army. He addressed the economic crisis, called for the renewal of a market economy and a parliamentary democracy, and expressed his support for the accession to the European Community . He maintained that Yugoslavia could survive only as a confederation. Although Tuđman had ties with the right-wing anti-Communist diaspora, he also had important colleagues from the Partisan Communist establishment, including Josip Boljkovac and Josip Manolić . His main opponent in
5994-406: The Yugoslav secret police ( OZNA ). Franjo and Ankica did not qualify as secondary school graduates until after the war, in Belgrade. He graduated from the Partisan High School in 1945 and she finished five semesters of English language in the Yugoslav Foreign Ministry . In 1953, Tuđman was promoted to the position of colonel and moved to position head of office of the Chief of staff of
6105-403: The attack. On 8 October the Croatian Parliament cut all remaining ties with Yugoslavia and declared independence. Tuđman asked the Kosovo leadership to open a second front there against the JNA and offered help in weapons. The leadership decided against armed conflict, but gave support to the independence of Croatia and called on ethnic Albanians to desert the Yugoslav army. In November 1991
6216-418: The basis of their dates of foundation. The level of dispute and confusion is aided by a contemporary tendency (mainly in Europe) to categorise all groups of overtly fanatical supporters as ultras. Supporters groups of a nature comparable to the ultras have been present in Brazil since 1939, when the first torcida organizada was formed (although these groups began to focus on violence in the 1970s). Inspired by
6327-437: The book. He publicly supported the goals of the Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language . The Croatian Parliament and League of Communists of Croatia from Zagreb, however, attacked it and the board of the institute requested Tuđman's resignation. In December 1966, Ljubo Boban accused Tuđman of plagiarism , stating that Tuđman had compiled four-fifths of his doctoral thesis, The Creation of
6438-432: The club adopted the black-white striped kit which is used to this day. According to Tuđman, he wanted to create a club that would have a pan-Yugoslav image and oppose SD Crvena Zvezda that had an exclusive Serbian image. Tuđman was inspired by Juventus FC uniforms. However, Stjepan Bobek (former player of FK Partizan) claimed that uniform colors idea was, in fact, his, which he passed on to Tuđman. Tuđman attended
6549-502: The context of the Russian invasion that had begun that day. BBB members displayed several Ukrainian flags along with a banner that read "Support to the people of Ukraine". The image was subsequently shared on the Instagram stories of the football section of Bleacher Report , Manchester City left-back Oleksandr Zinchenko, and was the main photo in an article from Time magazine. They also chanted " Slava Ukraini " (English: "Glory to Ukraine"). In 2006, Croatian police intervened in on
6660-406: The country's independence on 6 April that was immediately recognised by Croatia. At the beginning of the Bosnian war a Croat-Bosniak alliance was formed, though it was often not harmonious. The Croatian government helped arm both Croat and Bosniak forces. On 21 July 1992, the Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation was signed by Tuđman and Izetbegović, establishing a military cooperation between
6771-423: The country's independence, the most prominent of whom was Gojko Šušak , whose father and elder brother had been members of the Ustaše. These meetings abroad in the late 1980s later gave rise to many conspiracy theories . According to these rumours the Croats of Herzegovina had somehow used the meetings to earn a huge amount of influence inside the HDZ , as well as the post-independence Croatian establishment. In
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#17331285415316882-524: The court to be lenient in his case, sparing him a longer prison sentence. The authorities of SR Croatia additionally intended to prosecute Tuđman on charges of espionage, which carried a sentence of 15–20 years in prison with hard labour, but the charge was commuted by Tito. Other sources mention that Miroslav Krleža , a writer, lobbied on Tuđman's behalf. According to Tuđman, he and Tito were close friends. However, Tuđman later described Tito's crackdown as an "autocratic coup d'état ". The Croatian Spring
6993-400: The death of a BBB member after a brawl in Ribnjak park . BBB denied any involvement in either the graffiti or other incidents which had occurred, criticising reporters for "agitation and prejudgement" for stating that Dinamo fans were behind the entire matter. Zagreb's mayor Milan Bandić also offered his support to the Bad Blue Boys, claiming they were wrongly accused and that the entire story
7104-539: The demands sought by the Croatian Spring. On other topics like Communism and one-party political monopoly Tuđman remained mostly within the framework of the communist ideology of the day. His sentence was eventually commuted by Tito's government and Tuđman was released after spending nine months in prison. In 1977, he traveled to Sweden using a forged Swedish passport to meet members of the Croatian diaspora . His trip apparently went unnoticed by Yugoslav police. However, on that trip he gave an interview to Swedish TV about
7215-421: The displaying of flags and banners at football stadiums, all of which are designed to create an atmosphere which encourages their own team and intimidates the opposing players and their supporters. These groups also commonly organise trips to attend away games . Ultras groups have been responsible for many cases of football hooliganism and violence, although differently from hooligan firms , ultras do not have
7326-437: The election was Ivica Račan from the League of Communists of Croatia (SKH), who became the SKH Chairman in December 1989. Tuđman's talk of Croatia's past glories and independence was not received well among Croatian Serbs. The HDZ was heavily criticized by Serbian media, portraying their possible victory as a revival of NDH . Veljko Kadijević , general of the JNA, said at meeting of the army and SR Croatia leaderships that
7437-429: The elections would bring the Ustaše to power in Croatia. A few weeks before the elections, the army removed the weapons of the Territorial Defence from stores all over Croatia. During a HDZ campaign rally in Benkovac , an ethnically mixed town, a 62-year-old Serbian man, Boško Čubrilović, pulled out a gas pistol near the podium. Croatian media described the incident as an assassination attempt on Tuđman, but Čubrilović
7548-418: The explicit objective of fighting other fans. Ultras groups are also in some cases directly linked to ideologies like neo-Nazism and other forms of far-right politics , and sometimes far-left politics . In some instances, hooliganism and/or this politicisation goes to the point where support for their team is relegated to a secondary feature of the phenomenon. In recent decades, the culture has become
7659-403: The fans of Dulwich Hamlet F.C. who have a group called The Rabble. A Vice article claims Casuals United are at war with anti-fascist football ultras. In Early 2022, a Norwich City supporters group was formed known as City Elite. They have grown to become one of the leading fan groups at the club. After many set backs with the club they have now been approached by the club to help with
7770-489: The first colonel to occupy that position (all previous holders were generals). He was placed in that position in order to solve administration problems inside of the club, especially the football section . When he arrived, JSD Partizan Belgrade was a kind of intelligence battlefield where leaders of UDBA and KOS struggled for influence. That caused clubs (despite having notable and good players) to have bad results, especially its football section. During his club presidency,
7881-927: The first ultras groups in the Netherlands were formed in the 1970s by fans of Feyenoord they called themselves S.C.F. Hooligans . After S.C.F. Hooligans were formed many other ultras groups started forming such as AFC Ajax ( F-side ) FC Utrecht (Bunnikside) ADO Den Haag (north side) De Graafschap (Brigata Tifosi) FC Twente (Vak-P) FC Groningen (Z-Side). Most clubs in Belgium have an ultra-group, such as Sporting Charleroi (Storm Ultras 2001), Sint-Truidense V.V. (Brigada Hesbania), KRC Genk (Drughi Genk), RSC Anderlecht (Mauves Army 2003) Standard Liège (Ultras Inferno 1996) Several clubs in Luxembourg have an ultras group, such as FC Differdange 03 (UD45), Jeunesse Esch (Ultras Esch), Avenir Beggen (Ultras Beggen), Luxembourg national football team (M-Block) People in Bosnia and Herzegovina are known for their national ultras group BHFanaticos . Also, they have
7992-651: The forefront of the nationalist movement in the country in 1990 and that they had offered their support to Franjo Tuđman (who became the first president of Croatia in the 1990s) in Croatia's first independent elections. And Saša Podgorelec, a Zagreb film director who made a documentary about the Bad Blue Boys, stated that they were, "conscious enough of their own identity and brave enough to express their wishes for Croatian independence ... when others were too frightened to say so." Later on, BBB turned against Martin Bedić who pushed for club's name to be changed to NK "Croatia". Tuđman
8103-515: The importance of civil rituals over religious ones. (In May 1945, the government created the law which allowed civil weddings, taking weddings, among other things, out of Church jurisdiction.) They returned to work that same day. On 26 April 1946, his father Stjepan and stepmother were found dead. Tuđman never clarified the circumstances of their death. According to the police , his father Stjepan killed his wife and then himself. Other theories accuse Ustasha guerrillas ( Crusaders ) and members of
8214-595: The interconnectedness of the national and social elements in the Yugoslav revolutionary war (during World War II ). In 1970, he became a member of the Croatian Writers' Society . In 1972 he was sentenced to two years in prison for subversive activities during the Croatian Spring . According to Tuđman's own testimony , the Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito personally intervened to recommend
8325-570: The latter part of the 1980s, when Yugoslavia was nearing its demise, torn by conflicting national aspirations, Tuđman formulated a Croatian national programme that can be summarized in the following way: On 17 June 1989, Tuđman founded the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ). Essentially, this was a nationalist Croatian movement that affirmed Croatian values based on Catholicism blended with historical and cultural traditions which had been generally suppressed in communist Yugoslavia. The aim
8436-501: The local parish. Tuđman attended elementary school in his native village from 15 September 1929 to 30 June 1933 and was an excellent student. He attended secondary school for eight years, starting in the autumn 1935. The reasons for the interruption are not clear, but it is assumed that the primary cause was an economic crisis in that period. According to some sources, the local parish helped young Franjo to continue his education and his teacher even proposed him to be educated to become
8547-464: The majority of matches attended by ultras conclude with no violent incidents. Unlike hooligan firms , whose main aim is to fight hooligans of other clubs, the main focus of ultras is generally to support their own team Some hooligans try to be inconspicuous when they travel; usually not wearing team colours, to avoid detection by the police. Within the ultra or hooligan culture however, those dressing to "blend in" would be referred to as casuals , which
8658-499: The meeting and there is no record of this meeting that proves an existence of such an agreement, while Milošević did not behave subsequently as if he had an agreement with Tuđman. On 12 July 1991, Tuđman met with Alija Izetbegović and Milošević in Split. On 1 March the Pakrac clash occurred when local Serb police seized the town's police station and declared Pakrac a part of SAO Krajina. It
8769-400: The military and the police to put a stop to what he saw as separatism and a threat to the party's influence. Bakarić quickly distanced himself from the Croatian communist leadership that he himself had helped to gain power earlier and sided with the Yugoslav president. However, Tito took the protesters' demands into consideration and in 1974 the new Yugoslav constitution granted the majority of
8880-520: The most dedicated ultras groups in Europe, Delije is a collective name for supporters of various groups that are a part of the Red Star Belgrade multi-sport club. They attend every match, and usually do choreographies and shout chants, with many subgroups present on the stadium as well. FK Partizan , have a ultras group of their own named Grobari (Gravediggers).They generally support all clubs within
8991-450: The multi-party elections which brought to power new political establishments in Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina , while at the same time the same communist officials kept their posts in Serbia and Montenegro . In the weeks following the election, the new government introduced the traditional Croatian flag and coat of arms , without Communist symbols. The term "Socialist" in
9102-515: The new safe standing plans and they hope to be given a singing section within the Barclay. In late 2022, an Arsenal F.C. supporters group called "Ashburton Army" gained prominence, taking their name from Ashburton Grove, an historic road upon which the team's Emirates Stadium was built. In 2024, following the inception of the group and a subsequent meeting with club officials, an Aston Villa F.C. supporters group called "1897 Group" were allocated
9213-492: The photos of a colleague which showed Athens city employees power washing the crime scene before the police were called in to do their investigation and forensic analysis. They share close relations with NK Široki Brijeg ( Škripari ), FC Dynamo Kyiv , FC Dinamo Tbilisi , A.S. Roma ( Fedayn ) and Panathinaikos F.C. ( Gate 13 ). The club has been described as "committed to a Croatian nationalist platform". Zagreb journalist Andrej Krickovič argued that Bad Blue Boys were at
9324-402: The position of Croats in Yugoslavia that was later broadcast. Upon returning to Yugoslavia, Tuđman was put on trial again in 1981 because of this interview, and was accused for having spread "enemy propaganda". On 20 February 1981 he was found guilty and sentenced to three years of prison and 5 years in house arrest. However, he served only eleven months of the sentence. In June 1987, he became
9435-498: The primary cause of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 's breakdown was the repressive and corrupted regime which was at odds with the contemporary mainstream Yugoslav historiography which considered Croatian nationalism to be its primary cause. Bogdanov and Milutinović (both ethnic Serbs) did not object to this. However, the Zagreb-based publisher Naprijed cancelled the contract following his refusal to change some controversial statements in
9546-416: The regime. Tuđman participated in the Croatian Spring movement that called for reforms in the country and was imprisoned for his activities in 1972. He lived relatively anonymously in the following years until the end of communism , whereupon he began his political career by founding the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) in 1989. HDZ won the first Croatian parliamentary elections in 1990 and Tuđman became
9657-493: The statement being directed against the former Yugoslav communist system rather than against Jews or Serbs; instead about mixed marriages being used by Croats as a means to promotion in the system. On 19 April, at a rally in Zadar, Tuđman said: Let them not deceive that we want a restoration of the fascist NDH, which was created and disappeared within the Second World War. We know that the Croatian people also fought during
9768-567: The time, had much to do with this decision. Hostilities in Croatia ended for a time in January 1992 when the Vance plan was signed. Tuđman hoped that the deployment of UN peacekeepers would consolidate Croatia's international borders, but the military situation in Croatia itself remained unsettled. As the war in Croatia reached a stalemate, the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina worsened. The JNA used its territory for offensives against Croatia, but avoided
9879-664: The title of the republic was removed. Constitutional changes were proposed with a multitude of political, economic, and social changes. Tuđman offered the vice-presidency to Jovan Rašković , president of the SDS, but Rašković declined the offer and called the elected deputies from his party to boycott the parliament. Local Serb police in Knin began operating as an independent force, often not responding to orders from Zagreb. Many government employees, mostly in police where commanding positions were mainly held by Serbs and Communists, lost their jobs. This
9990-451: The torcidas and the colourful scenes of the 1950 World Cup , supporters of Hajduk Split formed Torcida Split on 28 October 1950. The group is often cited as the oldest torcida style group in Europe. But the first supporters' groups in the world formed to produce violence were barras bravas , originated in Argentina in the 1950s. One country closely associated with the ultras movement
10101-637: The town against a much larger army inspired talk of a "Croatian Stalingrad ". Increasing losses and complaints from the Croatian public for failing to hit back compelled Tuđman to act. He ordered the Croatian National Guard to surround JNA army bases, thus starting the Battle of the Barracks . Tuđman named Gojko Šušak the new Minister of Defence in September 1991. In early October 1991, the JNA intensified its campaign in Croatia. On 5 October, Tuđman made
10212-581: The two of secession. The federal government ordered the JNA to take control of border crossings in Slovenia, which led to the Ten-Day War in which the JNA was routed. The Ten-Day War ended with the signing of the Brioni Agreement , when a three-month moratorium was placed on the implementation of the decision. The armed incidents of early 1991 escalated into an all-out war over the summer. Tuđman's first plan
10323-539: The ultra culture with the formation of the Wisła Sharks and Cracovia Jude Gang groups, the former often regarded in Poland as the first full-fledged ultras group. With intimidating and non-stop chanting, they've made their presence felt in the stands. Modern hooligans try to be inconspicuous when they enter the stadium; usually not wearing team colours, to avoid detection by the police and PZPN officials. Spanish ultraism
10434-597: The war escalated, Tuđman formed the National Unity Government which brought in members of most of the minor parties in the parliament, including Račan's Social Democratic Party (SDP). Fierce fighting took place in Vukovar , where around 1,800 Croat fighters were blocking JNA's advance into Slavonia . Vukovar assumed enormous symbolic importance to both sides. Without it, Serbian territorial gains in eastern Slavonia were threatened. The unexpectedly fierce defence of
10545-419: The war on the other side under partisan, Tito's flags because he promised to create a free Federal State of Croatia that would be equal to all other nations. Clearly, instead of a realization of these ideals we received communist hell. The elections were scheduled for all 356 seats in the parliament. Tuđman's party triumphed and got an absolute majority of around 60% or 205 seats in the Croatian Parliament. Tuđman
10656-563: The war, he took a post in the Ministry of Defence , later attaining the rank of major general of the Yugoslav People's Army in 1960. After his military career, he dedicated himself to the study of geopolitics . In 1963, he became a professor at the Zagreb Faculty of Political Sciences . He received a doctorate in history in 1965 and worked as a historian until coming into conflict with
10767-468: Was a Croatian politician and historian who became the first president of Croatia , from 1990 until his death. He served following the country's independence from Yugoslavia . Tuđman also was the ninth and last president of the Presidency of SR Croatia from May to July 1990. Tuđman was born in Veliko Trgovišće . In his youth, he fought during World War II as a member of the Yugoslav Partisans . After
10878-405: Was a frequent visitor of home games and would usually be greeted by stadium officials before the match started. This would always trigger loud whistling and chanting from Bad Blue Boys often forcing Live TV coverage to mute the audio. On 24 February 2022, BBB received recognition and praise across the globe for being one of the first sets of supporters to publicly show their support for Ukraine in
10989-477: Was a national movement set in motion by Tito and the Croatian communist party chairman Vladimir Bakarić amid the climate of growing liberalism in the late 1960s. It was initially a tepid and ideologically controlled party liberalism, but it soon grew into a mass nationalist-based manifestation of dissatisfaction with the position of Croatia within Yugoslavia . As a result, the movement was suppressed by Tito, who used
11100-555: Was arrested by the Ustashas , the fascist and ultranationalist organization that governed the NDH, and one of his brothers was taken to a concentration camp . They both managed to survive, unlike the youngest brother Stjepan who was killed by the Gestapo fighting for the Partisans in 1943. Tuđman was traveling between Zagreb and Zagorje using false documents which identified him as a member of
11211-532: Was based on a decision that the civil service ethnic structure should correspond to their percentage in the entire population. On 25 July 1990, a Serbian Assembly was established in Srb , north of Knin. Jovan Rašković announced a referendum on "Serb sovereignty and autonomy" in Croatia in August 1990, which Tuđman labeled as illegal. A series of incidents followed in areas populated by ethnic Serbs, mostly around Knin, known as
11322-422: Was elected its president. The election campaign took place from late March until 20 April 1990. Tuđman recruited several supporters from members of the diaspora who returned home, most importantly Gojko Šušak . Tuđman based his campaign mostly on the national question. He stated that the dinar earned in Croatia should stay in Croatia, thus objecting to the subsidies for less developed parts of Yugoslavia, or for
11433-404: Was elected to the position of president of Croatia on 30 May 1990 . After the victory of HDZ the nationalistic Serb Democratic Party (SDS) spread its influence quickly in places where Serbs formed a high percentage of the population. Since the split among communists in Yugoslavia along ethnic lines was already a fact at that time, it seemed inevitable that the conflicts would continue following
11544-532: Was false. In November 2008, BBB fans were praised by the English media for their support at White Hart Lane in London at a UEFA Cup match against Tottenham Hotspur for continuing to loudly support their team, even when they were losing 4-0. From 11 August 2010 the Bad Blue Boys were boycotting the club's matches due to their dissent with the club's leadership. The boycott ended on 30 August 2011, but remained active for
11655-542: Was in late 1990 charged and convicted only of threatening the security staff. The incident further worsened ethnic tensions. During his campaign, on 16 April 1990 Tuđman had a conversation with news reporters where he said: All sorts of other lies are being spread today, I do not know what else they will invent. I've heard that I'm of Jewish descent, but I found, I knew of my ancestors in Zagorje from around 350 years ago, and I said, maybe it would be good to have some of that, I guess I would be richer, I might not have become
11766-456: Was killed , eight others were injured and 104 (among them 94 Croats, six Greeks, one Albanian, one German, and one Austrian) were arrested. UEFA decided to postpone the match to 19 August 2023. To date, the nationality of the perpetrator has not been identified. The case has attracted criticism from Dinamo Zagreb supporters and Croatians alike as Bad Blue Boys are known for not carrying knives. Additionally, Greek journalist Yannis Kemmos published
11877-555: Was one of the first larger clashes between Croat forces and the rebel SAO Krajina, supported by the JNA. It ended without casualties and with the restoration of Croatian control. On 31 March a Croatian police convoy was ambushed at the Plitvice Lakes . Until the spring of 1991 Tuđman, together with the Slovenian leadership, was ready to accept a compromise solution of a confederation or alliance of sovereign states within Yugoslavia. After
11988-467: Was signed in 1992, but the war had spread into Bosnia and Herzegovina , where Croats fought in an alliance with Bosniaks . Their cooperation fell apart in late 1992 and Tuđman's government sided with Herzeg-Bosnia during the Croat-Bosniak War , a move that brought criticism from the international community. In a final verdict of war crimes trial of former high-ranking officials of Herceg-Bosnia,
12099-531: Was to gain national independence and to establish a Croatian nation-state . Internal tensions that had broken up the League of Communists of Yugoslavia prompted the governments of the federal republics to schedule free multiparty elections in spring 1990. These were the first free multi-party elections for the Croatian Parliament since 1913. The HDZ held its first convention on 24–25 February 1990, when Tuđman
12210-551: Was to win support from the European Community, avoiding the direct confrontation with the JNA that had been proposed by Martin Špegelj, the Minister of Defence, since the beginning of the conflict. Tuđman rejected Špegelj's proposal as it would be damaging on Croatia's international position and there were doubts that the Croatian Army was ready for such an action. The emerging Croatian Army had only four brigades in September 1991. As
12321-828: Was ultimately ejected from the stadium and the game resumed, which was won by Sønderjyske . Several groups exist in Rep. of Ireland, as follows: Shamrock Rovers - SRFC Ultras St Patrick's Athletic - Shed End Invincibles Drogheda United - Famous 45 Ultras Dundalk FC - Shed Side Army Bohemian FC - Notorious Boo Boys Galway United F.C. - maroon army Waterford FC - Block E Boys Finn Harps FC - Ballybofey brigade Sligo Rovers - Forza Rovers The ultras scene in Northern Ireland
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