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80-529: Fudbalski klub Crvena zvezda ( Serbian Cyrillic : Фудбалски клуб Црвена звезда , lit.   'Red Star Football Club'), commonly referred to as Crvena zvezda ( pronounced [tsř̩ʋenaː zʋěːzda] ) and colloquially referred to as Red Star Belgrade in anglophone media, is a Serbian professional football club based in Belgrade , and a major part of the Red Star multi-sport society . They are

160-766: A 2014 survey, 47% of the Serbian population write in the Latin alphabet whereas 36% write in Cyrillic. The following table provides the upper and lower case forms of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, along with the equivalent forms in the Serbian Latin alphabet and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) value for each letter. The letters do not have names, and consonants are normally pronounced as such when spelling

240-545: A Red Star – Partizan match was about 108,000 spectators at the Rajko Mitić Stadium. Red Star has won 4 international and 68 domestic trophies, making it the most successful football club in Serbia and the former Yugoslavia. National Championships – 35 (record) National Cups – 28 (record) National Super Cups – 2 (record) National League Cup – 1 (shared record) National Champions League – 2 (record) Red Star

320-457: A Youth Physical Culture Society, that was to become Red Star Belgrade on 4 March. Previously, as of December 1944, all pre-war Serbian clubs were abolished, and on 5 May 1945, communist Secretary of Sports Mitra Mitrović-Djilas signed the decree dissolving formally all pre-war clubs on the territory of Socialist Republic of Serbia . The clubs were dissolved because during the German occupation , there

400-454: A capacity of 344 seats including seven extra-comfortable seats, an extra media center, the Red Cafe and a restaurant. On the west stand of the stadium exist also an official Red Star shop along with a Delije shop. The playing field measures are 110 × 73 m, and is illuminated by 1,400 lux floodlights . According to the known German Web portal "Stadionwelt" , Belgrade's "Marakana" is in

480-528: A challenge in Unicode modeling, as the glyphs differ only in italic versions, and historically non-italic letters have been used in the same code positions. Serbian professional typography uses fonts specially crafted for the language to overcome the problem, but texts printed from common computers contain East Slavic rather than Serbian italic glyphs. Cyrillic fonts from Adobe, Microsoft (Windows Vista and later) and

560-457: A few other font houses include the Serbian variations (both regular and italic). If the underlying font and Web technology provides support, the proper glyphs can be obtained by marking the text with appropriate language codes. Thus, in non-italic mode: whereas: Since Unicode unifies different glyphs in same characters, font support must be present to display the correct variant. The standard Serbian keyboard layout for personal computers

640-710: A psychological advantage before the rematch. This game was played at the Rheinstadion in Düsseldorf , where the Italian referee Alberto Michelotti gave a questionable penalty to the Germans, and the Danish player Allan Simonsen sealed Red Star's fate. The Foals won 2–1 on aggregate. After the 1970s, historical matches against Udo Lattek 's Barcelona followed during the 1982–83 European Cup Winners' Cup . In both matches, Barcelona were

720-489: A shared Slavic heritage. Red Star's fiercest and long-standing city rival is FK Partizan , football section of the other large and popular multi-sports club in Serbia. The rivalry started immediately after the creation of the two clubs in 1945. Since then, both clubs have been dominant in domestic football. The match is particularly noted for the passion of the Red Star's supporters, called Delije , and Partizan's supporters,

800-505: A strong kinship with  Olympiacos ultras Gate 7 . The "Orthodox Brothers" friendship is based on mutual Eastern Orthodox faith, a strong cultural marker amongst the Serbs and Greeks . Both clubs also share the same colours, and are from the national capitals. They are also the most decorated football teams in their respective countries. The brotherhood has evolved to include Spartak Moscow ultras Fratria , owing to strong Russophilia and

880-468: A team that could compete with some of the most powerful European sides. During that summer, Velibor Vasović became coach and the side was strengthened by acquiring a number of talented young players, among whom Dragan Stojković and Borislav Cvetković stood out. In the first season that started with penalty points, Red Star focused on the European Cup and achieving good results. In 1986, a five-year plan

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960-433: A world record for the number of points gained in a single season with 108 points. Red Star won their seventh Serbian SuperLiga title in a row and completed their fourth consecutive double in the 2023–24 season . Red Star initially wore yellow shirts with a red star which were acquired from FK Slavija (from Čubura ). In 1946, the club switched to red shirts with white shorts and alternating red-white socks before adopting

1040-525: Is as follows: Vladica Popovi%C4%87 Vladimir "Vladica" Popović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Владимир "Владица" Поповић ; 17 March 1935 – 10 August 2020 ) was a Serbian professional footballer and manager . The biggest success in his coaching career was winning the Intercontinental Cup with Red Star Belgrade in 1991. Born in Zemun , Popović started playing at local side Jedinstvo but his talent

1120-422: Is framed in gold. There are three golden stars on the top of the club emblem, symbolizing the 30 titles won. Despite the club's overtly Communist name and imagery, Red Star Football Club has become a symbol in its own right. The " petokraka " from which the club's name derives has paradoxically become a symbol of the club itself and of Serbian nationalism , moving further away from its original association with

1200-615: Is necessary (or followed by a short schwa , e.g. /fə/).: Summary tables According to tradition, Glagolitic was invented by the Byzantine Christian missionaries and brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius in the 860s, amid the Christianization of the Slavs . Glagolitic alphabet appears to be older, predating the introduction of Christianity, only formalized by Cyril and expanded to cover non-Greek sounds. The Glagolitic alphabet

1280-588: Is the most successful club from Serbia (and former Yugoslavia) in all European competitions, and the only club from Eastern Europe that has won both the European Cup and the Intercontinental Cup . On 27 October 2017, FIFA officially recognized all winners of the Intercontinental Cup as club world champions , in equal status to the FIFA Club World Cup . The club competed in 61 European seasons, and

1360-477: Is the only one in official use. The ligatures : were developed specially for the Serbian alphabet. Serbian Cyrillic does not use several letters encountered in other Slavic Cyrillic alphabets. It does not use hard sign ( ъ ) and soft sign ( ь ), particularly due to a lack of distinction between iotated consonants and non-iotated consonants, but the aforementioned soft-sign ligatures instead. It does not have Russian/Belarusian Э , Ukrainian/Belarusian І ,

1440-451: The Grobari (English: "Gravediggers" or "Undertakers"). The stands of both teams feature fireworks, coloured confetti, flags, rolls of paper, torches, smoke, drums, giant posters and choreographies, used to create visual grandeur and apply psychological pressure on the visiting teams, hence the slogan, "Welcome to Hellgrade". Both sets of supporters sing passionate songs against their rivals, and

1520-566: The 1957–58 European Cup where they were famously beaten 5–4 on aggregate by English champions Manchester United in the quarter-finals. Manchester United, managed by Matt Busby defeated Red Star 2–1 in the first leg in England before drawing 3–3 with them in Yugoslavia in the return match on 5 February at JNA Stadium . The second leg is notable for being the last match played by the Busby Babes : on

1600-580: The 1991 Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo . In 1992, the club was weakened by the departure of numerous players from the champions generation (new players were added, such as Dejan Petković and Anto Drobnjak ). The success in the previous season caught the attention of European giants which rushed making lucrative offers to sign Red Star's best players. In addition, Red Star had to defend the continental trophy playing its home games in Szeged , Budapest and Sofia due to

1680-535: The 2018–19 UEFA Champions League play-off round , and qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage , it meant that Red Star competed for the first time since the new format was introduced. Red Star became the first Serbian team to win a match in the UEFA Champions League when they defeated Liverpool. On 14 May 2019, the 1946 People's Republic of Serbia League title was officially recognized by

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1760-652: The Eternal derby . According to the International Federation of Football History & Statistics ' list of the Top 200 European clubs of the 20th century, Red Star is the highest-ranked Serbian and Balkan club, sharing the 27th position. In February 1945, during World War II , a group of young men, active players, students and members of the Serbian United Antifascist Youth League, decided to form

1840-565: The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia ended, Red Star won the 17th cup in its history by winning 4–2 against Partizan . Two seasons later, the club returned to the European spotlight by making it to the 2001–02 UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds , where Red Star was eliminated by Bayer Leverkusen (0–0 and 0–3), which would later be a finalist in the Champions League that year. Slavoljub Muslin left

1920-552: The Nazi puppet Independent State of Croatia banned the use of Cyrillic, having regulated it on 25 April 1941, and in June 1941 began eliminating " Eastern " (Serbian) words from Croatian, and shut down Serbian schools. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was used as a basis for the Macedonian alphabet with the work of Krste Misirkov and Venko Markovski . The Serbian Cyrillic script was one of

2000-468: The Olympiastadion in its long UEFA competition history (during the 1990–91 European Cup ). They are the only Serbian (and ex-Yugoslav) club, and only the second team from Eastern Europe , to have won the European Cup, having done so in 1991 , which was also the 100th UEFA competition final. Red Star is among the nine clubs which have ever won the European Cup unbeaten. They are also the only team from

2080-542: The Partisans and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia . Due to Red Star's popularity and sporting success, the club and its crest have become synonymous with broader Serbian identity , and patriotism that echoes beyond the sporting landscape. Red Star's home ground is the Rajko Mitić Stadium (since 21 December 2014), formerly known as Red Star Stadium. With a seated capacity of 53,000 it is the largest stadium in Serbia and in

2160-585: The Yugoslav Wars , the inflation and the UN sanctions have hit Red Star hard. In the period between May 1992 and May 2000, only one championship victory was celebrated at the Marakana. However, they did manage to win five cups , along with several glorious European performances, including the famed 1996 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup showdown against Barcelona side which featured Ronaldo and Hristo Stoichkov . Immediately after

2240-487: The djerv (Ꙉꙉ) for the Serbian reflexes of Pre-Slavic *tj and *dj (* t͡ɕ , * d͡ʑ , * d͡ʒ , and * tɕ ), later the letter evolved to dje (Ђђ) and tshe (Ћћ) letters . Vuk Stefanović Karadžić fled Serbia during the Serbian Revolution in 1813, to Vienna. There he met Jernej Kopitar , a linguist with interest in slavistics. Kopitar and Sava Mrkalj helped Vuk to reform Serbian and its orthography. He finalized

2320-546: The 3 and 13 October 1914 banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia , limiting it for use in religious instruction. A decree was passed on January 3, 1915, that banned Serbian Cyrillic completely from public use. An imperial order on October 25, 1915, banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina , except "within the scope of Serbian Orthodox Church authorities". In 1941,

2400-579: The Balkans and Southeast Europe to have won the Intercontinental Cup , also in 1991 . The Romanian football player Miodrag Belodedici was the first ever Red Star player to have won the European Cup with two different teams, Steaua București and Red Star; curiously, both of the team's names mean "Star". Later, double winners were also Dejan Savićević (Red Star and Milan) and Vladimir Jugović (Red Star and Juventus). Source Source Serbian Cyrillic alphabet Reformed Serbian based its alphabet on

2480-500: The European Cup final between Ajax and Juventus in 1973 , UEFA European Championship final between West Germany and Czechoslovakia in 1976 , and the first leg of the UEFA Cup final between Red Star and Borussia Mönchengladbach in 1979. During the mid-1990s, in order to meet UEFA demands for spectators comfort and security, standing places at the stadium were completely done away with and seats were installed on all four stands. In

Red Star Belgrade - Misplaced Pages Continue

2560-519: The European Cup to Yugoslavia for the first time. Red Star won the shootout, 5–3, on 29 May 1991 in front of 60,000 spectators and the millions watching on television around the world. Twenty-thousand Red Star fans at the Stadio San Nicola and millions of them all over Yugoslavia and the world celebrated the greatest joy in Red Star's history. Red Star went unbeaten at the 1990–91 European Cup in Bari and

2640-503: The Latin alphabet, in use in western South Slavic areas, using the same principles. As a result of this joint effort, Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets have a complete one-to-one congruence, with the Latin digraphs Lj, Nj, and Dž counting as single letters. The updated Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was officially adopted in the Principality of Serbia in 1868, and was in exclusive use in

2720-626: The Latin script is almost always used in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , whereas Cyrillic is in everyday use in Republika Srpska . The Serbian language in Croatia is officially recognized as a minority language; however, the use of Cyrillic in bilingual signs has sparked protests and vandalism . Serbian Cyrillic is an important symbol of Serbian identity. In Serbia, official documents are printed in Cyrillic only even though, according to

2800-460: The Serbian FA, meaning that Red Star's triumph in the 2018–19 Serbian SuperLiga was their 30th national championship. Red Star reached the UEFA Champions League group stage for the second successive season after eliminating Sūduva , HJK Helsinki , Copenhagen and Young Boys . On 5 November 2019, cable television channel Zvezda TV started airing. In the 2020–21 Serbian SuperLiga , Red Star set

2880-442: The Yugoslavia national football team, a national record. Red Star holds records such as to be only the second foreign team that could beat Liverpool at Anfield (after Ferencváros in the 1967–68 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup ), which was also the only defeat of Liverpool at home in the European Cup history in the whole 20th century (during the 1973–74 European Cup ). Red Star was also the first team that could beat Bayern Munich on

2960-558: The alphabet in 1818 with the Serbian Dictionary . Karadžić reformed standard Serbian and standardised the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by following strict phonemic principles on the Johann Christoph Adelung ' model and Jan Hus ' Czech alphabet . Karadžić's reforms of standard Serbian modernised it and distanced it from Serbian and Russian Church Slavonic , instead bringing it closer to common folk speech, specifically, to

3040-519: The bench in September 2001, after which Red Star's subsequent seasons became more volatile. In the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds , Red Star was eliminated (3–1 on aggregate) by the same Milan side which ultimately won that year's competition . Furthermore, the campaign in Group F of the 2007–08 UEFA Cup was a large disappointment, especially given that the first game against Bayern Munich

3120-548: The better team and Red Star was eliminated. Remarkably, when Barça's Diego Maradona scored his second goal in front of approximately 100,000 spectators at the Marakana , the Belgrade audience were so excited about the goal that even the loyal Belgrade fans applauded Maradona. Gojko Zec returned to the team in 1983, finding only one player from the champions generation he was coaching back in 1977 , Miloš Šestić . Zec similarly repeated

3200-460: The club also alternated between blue trunks, a long white V-neck on a red shirt, and a red shirt with thin white horizontal lines. Red Star have usually worn an all-white away kit, whilst also utilizing predominantly blue or red away or third kits, thereby incorporating the Serbian tricolour . The club crest is a red five-pointed star, white framed, on a red-white background. In addition, the whole crest

3280-425: The club and supporters. Subgroups of Delije exist outside of  Belgrade , along with cities across Serbia and all other ex-Yugoslav republics. Despite Red Star's broad fan base, Delije have developed an infamous reputation for hooliganism amongst some segments of its ultras, especially during Belgrade derbies . Due to historically warm Serbo-Hellenic relations, Red Star's Delije ultras have developed

Red Star Belgrade - Misplaced Pages Continue

3360-425: The club's triumph from his previous mandate by winning the championship immediately upon his arrival. Zec would later leave the club in a controversial Šajber 's case -style scandal which was the result of irregularities in the 1985–86 season . [REDACTED] After Zec left in 1986, there were great changes in the club. The management of the club, run by Dragan Džajić and Vladimir Cvetković , began to build

3440-536: The country up to the interwar period . Both alphabets were official in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and later in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Due to the shared cultural area, Gaj's Latin alphabet saw a gradual adoption in the Socialist Republic of Serbia since, and both scripts are used to write modern standard Serbian. In Serbia , Cyrillic is seen as being more traditional, and has

3520-593: The dialect of Eastern Herzegovina which he spoke. Karadžić was, together with Đuro Daničić , the main Serbian signatory to the Vienna Literary Agreement of 1850 which, encouraged by Austrian authorities, laid the foundation for Serbian, various forms of which are used by Serbs in Serbia , Montenegro , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia today. Karadžić also translated the New Testament into Serbian, which

3600-1272: The election for the European Footballer of the Year in 1968 , then Dragoslav Šekularac – a runner-up with Yugoslavia at 1960 European Nations' Cup , Vladimir Petrović – the fourth Star of Red Star , Vladimir Jugović – two times the European Cup winner (with Red Star and Juventus), as well as Dejan Stanković and Nemanja Vidić . Further notable home-grown players include Vladica Popović , Ratomir Dujković , Stanislav Karasi , Slobodan Janković , Ognjen Petrović , Vladislav Bogićević , Dušan Nikolić , Zoran Filipović , Dušan Savić , Milan Janković , Boško and Milko Gjurovski , Stevan Stojanović , Vladan Lukić , Zvonko Milojević , Zoran Jovičić , Ivan Adžić , Nebojša Krupniković , Goran Drulić , Nenad Lalatović , Marko Pantelić , Ognjen Koroman , Vladimir Dišljenković , Marko Perović , Dejan Milovanović , Dragan Mrđa , Boško Janković , Dušan Basta , Vujadin Savić , Slavoljub Srnić , Filip Stojković , Uroš Spajić , Srđan Mijailović , Marko Grujić , Luka Jović and Strahinja Eraković . Former Red Star and Real Madrid coaching legend Miljan Miljanić

3680-465: The first fifteen years of existence, Red Star won one Serbian championship, six Yugoslav championships , five Yugoslav Cups , one Danube Cup and reached the semi-finals of the 1956–57 European Cup . Some of the greatest players during this period were Kosta Tomašević , Branko Stanković , Rajko Mitić , Vladimir Beara , Bora Kostić , Vladica Popović , Vladimir Durković and Dragoslav Šekularac . As champions, Red Star were Yugoslavia's entrants into

3760-503: The former Yugoslavia. The stadium was opened in 1963, and in the course of time and due to the fact that stadium's former capacity was about 110,000, it got the unofficial moniker Marakana, after the large and famous Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, and Belgrade's sold-out Marakana garnered the reputation of being a very tough ground for visiting teams to play in. Some of the biggest football events have been held at this stadium, such as

3840-510: The last of those four years of heyday, the club won the 1991 European Cup Final , played in Bari , Italy. Red Star coach Ljupko Petrović brought the team to Italy a week before the final in order to peacefully prepare the players for a forthcoming encounter with Marseille . By that time, Red Star had 18 goals in 8 matches, whereas the French champions had 20. Therefore, the 100th European competing final

3920-512: The league, just as all the other clubs from Croatia , Macedonia and Slovenia did, and the championship in Yugoslavia that was cut in size was played on the edge of observance of regulations around the beginning of the Bosnian War . At the end of May, the United Nations had the country under sanctions and dislodged Yugoslav football from the international scene. The Breakup of Yugoslavia ,

4000-702: The most notable results are: Yugoslav First League top scorers First League of Serbia and Montenegro top scorers Serbian SuperLiga top scorers Dragan Džajić is Red Star's record appearance holder with 389 matches. The goalscoring record holder is Bora Kostić with 230 goals. Numerous Red Star players were in the Yugoslavia national team and Branko Stanković , Rajko Mitić , Vladimir Beara , Bora Kostić , Vladimir Durković , Dragoslav Šekularac , Miroslav Pavlović , Jovan Aćimović , Dragan Džajić , Vladimir Petrović , Dragan Stojković and Dejan Savićević are among them. Dragan Džajić played 85 matches for

4080-468: The most successful club from the Balkans and Southeast Europe , being the only club to have won both the European Cup and Intercontinental Cup , having done so in 1991, and only the second team from Eastern Europe to win the European Cup. With 35 national championships, 28 national cups, 2 national supercups, 2 national champions leagues and one league cup between Serbian and Yugoslav competitions, Red Star

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4160-418: The necessary Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play criteria and, as such, should not have been granted a UEFA license by the Serbian FA. Rivals Partizan took Red Star's place in the UEFA Champions League second qualifying round. After ten years of waiting, Red Star qualified for the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League group stage . Red Star progressed through four qualifying rounds and reached the knockout phase of

4240-542: The north terrace of the Rajko Mitić Stadium , colloquially known as " Marakana ". Their style of support is greatly influenced by Italian and English football culture of the 1980s. It includes the use of widespread choreography, flares, flags, banners, and boisterous cheering. The word Delije is displayed (in Cyrillic ) on the north terrace seats of Rajko Mitić Stadium as a sign of appreciation, and fidelity between

4320-505: The official status (designated in the constitution as the " official script ", compared to Latin's status of "script in official use" designated by a lower-level act, for national minorities). It is also an official script in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro , along with Gaj's Latin alphabet . Serbian Cyrillic is in official use in Serbia , Montenegro , and Bosnia and Herzegovina . Although Bosnia "officially accept[s] both alphabets",

4400-559: The ones who assigned it. Red Star was soon adopted as a symbol of Serbian nationalism within Yugoslavia and a sporting institution which remains the country's most popular to this day. On that day, Red Star played the first football match in the club's history against the First Battalion of the Second Brigade of KNOJ ( People's Defence Corps of Yugoslavia ) and won 3–0. Red Star's first successes involved small steps to recognition. In

4480-470: The people's club, whilst always attracting support from all social classes, their fan base is not associated with any specific social group. Red Star ultras Delije espouse patriotic , nationalist and right-wing sentiments. The organized supporters of Red Star are known as  Delije , roughly translated in English as the "Heroes", "Braves", "Hardman" or "Studs". The term derives from

4560-634: The pitch in 2013–14, the financial situation at the club has worsened, so much so that the club were banned from participating in the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League for which they qualified by winning the Serbian SuperLiga. The UEFA Club Financial Control Body found Red Star's debts to players, some of whom had not been paid for at least six months, staff and other clubs, totalled €1.86 million. The club board were also alleged to have hidden debts and falsified documents. This, on top of an earlier UEFA disciplinary measure in 2011, meant Red Star did not meet

4640-425: The plural of the singular form " Delija ", in Serbian . Delije support all branches of the  Red Star multi-sport society . They are one of the most famous supporter groups in the world, renowned for their passion and fanaticism. Hardcore supporters began to emerge during the 1980s, with official inauguration taking place in 1989. Previously, Red Star fans were scattered amongst several organized fan groups within

4720-408: The previous 18th century Slavonic-Serbian script, following the principle of "write as you speak and read as it is written", removing obsolete letters and letters representing iotated vowels , introducing ⟨J⟩ from the Latin alphabet instead, and adding several consonant letters for sounds specific to Serbian phonology . During the same period, linguists led by Ljudevit Gaj adapted

4800-652: The return flight to England the following day, the plane crashed in Munich , resulting in the deaths of 23 people, including eight Manchester United players. [REDACTED] During the Miljan Miljanić era, Red Star won four Yugoslav championships, three Yugoslav cups, two Yugoslav supercups, one Yugoslav league cup, one Mitropa Cup and reached the semi-finals of the 1970–71 European Cup . A new generation of players emerged under Miljanić's guidance, led by Dragan Džajić and Jovan Aćimović . Red Star eliminated Liverpool in

4880-651: The second round of the 1973–74 European Cup and Real Madrid in the quarter-finals of the 1974–75 European Cup Winners' Cup . Branko Stanković , whose reign as head coach was to last four years, brought Red Star three trophies and the first great European final. After eliminating teams like Arsenal , West Bromwich Albion and Hertha BSC , Red Star made for the first time the UEFA Cup final . There, Red Star met Borussia Mönchengladbach , who played five European finals from 1973 to 1980. The Germans fell behind one goal from Miloš Šestić , but Ivan Jurišić 's own goal gave Gladbach

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4960-768: The semi-vowels Й or Ў , nor the iotated letters Я (Russian/Bulgarian ya ), Є (Ukrainian ye ), Ї ( yi ), Ё (Russian yo ) or Ю ( yu ), which are instead written as two separate letters: Ја, Је, Ји, Јо, Ју . Ј can also be used as a semi-vowel, in place of й . The letter Щ is not used. When necessary, it is transliterated as either ШЧ , ШЋ or ШТ . Serbian italic and cursive forms of lowercase letters б , г , д , п , and т (Russian Cyrillic alphabet) differ from those used in other Cyrillic alphabets: б , г , д , п , and т (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet). The regular (upright) shapes are generally standardized among languages and there are no officially recognized variations. That presents

5040-407: The signature red and white vertical striped shirts, with alternating white or red shorts and socks in 1950. The red and white stripes have become indivisible to Red Star's image, conferring the popular nickname Crveno-beli , "the red and white's" in Serbian . The club continued to wear the initial pre-stripe kit throughout its existence, but has generally declined in usage. During the 1950s and 1960s,

5120-412: The stadium received also a new modern LED scoreboard . Today, the stadium has a central lodge, named 5 Zvezdinih Zvezda (English: 5 Stars of Red Star), which consist of five segments, each bears the name of one of Red Star's legendary players ( Mitić , Šekularac , Džajić , Petrović , Stojković ), two other VIP lounges and a special VIP gallery with over 450 seats. It has also a modern press box with

5200-604: The stadiums are known to bounce with the simultaneous jumping of the fans. The duel is regarded as one of the greatest football rivalries in the world and the matches between these rivals have been labeled as the Eternal derby . Given its widespread touch on the entirety of a major city, it is dubbed one of, along with the Old Firm , the Rome derby and the Istanbul derby , the most heated rivalries in European football. The biggest attendance for

5280-437: The top 50 football stadiums in Europe. In 2012, American Bleacher Report ranked the Red Star Stadium, especially if it is sold out, as among the most intimidating stadiums in the world. Some of the most notable home-grown players are Dragan Džajić , named the all-time Serbian best player (the choice of the Football Association of Serbia on the 50th anniversary of UEFA , known as the Golden Player ), who reached third place at

5360-487: The tournament, becoming the first team in competition's history to reach the knockout phase after starting their season in the first qualifying round. Although Red Star played in the group stage of the first edition in which groups format was introduced in the European Cup, 1991–92 European Cup , the designation "Champions League" was only adopted a season later in which Yugoslav clubs were already banned from participating in. Thus, when Red Star eliminated Red Bull Salzburg in

5440-427: The two official scripts used to write Serbo-Croatian in Yugoslavia since its establishment in 1918, the other being Gaj's Latin alphabet ( latinica ). Following the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, Serbian Cyrillic is no longer used in Croatia on national level, while in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro it remained an official script. Under the Constitution of Serbia of 2006, Cyrillic script

5520-464: The war in former Yugoslavia, thereby reducing their chances of defending their title. UEFA changed the format of the competition that year and the 1991–92 European Cup was the first to be played in a format with two groups each having four teams. Despite the disadvantage of playing its home games abroad, Red Star still did well and finished second in the group behind Sampdoria . In domestic competition, main rivals Hajduk Split and Dinamo Zagreb left

5600-424: The years, since the stadium's capacity was gradually decreased, followed different stadium modernisations. In 2008, the club reconstructed the stadium's pitch, under-soil grass heaters , improved drainage systems were installed and new modern turf replaced the old surface. The training pitch, located next to the stadium, was also renovated by laying down synthetic turf and installing new lighting equipment. In 2011,

5680-401: Was a sensational last-minute loss (by a score of 2–3 in Belgrade). In those years, Red Star's teams featured the likes of Nikola Žigić , Boško Janković , Milan Biševac , Dušan Basta , Dejan Milovanović , Segundo Castillo , Ibrahima Gueye , Nenad Milijaš and Ognjen Koroman . After a six-year drought, Red Star won their 26th league title in 2013–14 season . Despite Red Star's success on

5760-493: Was also a member of Red Star's youth school. Red Star is the most popular football club in Serbia . The club has fans and sympathisers throughout the whole country, but also throughout the regional and global Serbian diaspora , making the club a symbol of  Serbdom . Fan groups are widespread throughout Serbia and former Yugoslav republics , and the club has the highest social media following amongst former Yugoslav football teams. Traditionally, Red Star has been represented as

5840-456: Was an attempt to organize the league so all the clubs were labelled collaborators by Josip Broz Tito 's communist regime. The name Red Star was assigned after a long discussion. Other ideas shortlisted by the delegates included "People's Star", "Blue Star", " Proleter ", " Stalin ", " Lenin ", etc. The initial vice presidents of the Sport Society – Zoran Žujović and Slobodan Ćosić – were

5920-608: Was based on the Slavic dialect of Thessaloniki . Part of the Serbian literary heritage of the Middle Ages are works such as Miroslav Gospel , Vukan Gospels , St. Sava's Nomocanon , Dušan's Code , Munich Serbian Psalter , and others. The first printed book in Serbian was the Cetinje Octoechos (1494). It's notable extensive use of diacritical signs by the Resava dialect and use of

6000-402: Was developed by the club and Prof. Dr Veljko Aleksić with the only goal being to win the European Cup. All that was planned was finally achieved. On the club's birthday in 1987 , it started. Real Madrid were defeated at the Marakana. From that day through to March 1992, Red Star enjoyed the best period of success in its history. In these five seasons, Red Star won four National Championships; in

6080-436: Was expected to be a spectacle of offense. Nonetheless, both Petrović and Raymond Goethals opted for defence and the match settled down into a war of attrition. After a 120-minute match and only few chances on both sides, the match was decided following the penalty shootout. After several minutes of stressful penalties, one of Marseille's players, Manuel Amoros , missed a penalty, and Darko Pančev converted his penalty to bring

6160-611: Was gradually superseded in later centuries by the Cyrillic script, developed around by Cyril's disciples, perhaps at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th century. The earliest form of Cyrillic was the ustav , based on Greek uncial script, augmented by ligatures and letters from the Glagolitic alphabet for consonants not found in Greek. There was no distinction between capital and lowercase letters. The standard language

6240-576: Was published in 1868. He wrote several books; Mala prostonarodna slaveno-serbska pesnarica and Pismenica serbskoga jezika in 1814, and two more in 1815 and 1818, all with the alphabet still in progress. In his letters from 1815 to 1818 he used: Ю, Я, Ы and Ѳ. In his 1815 song book he dropped the Ѣ. The alphabet was officially adopted in 1868, four years after his death. From the Old Slavic script Vuk retained these 24 letters: He added one Latin letter: And 5 new ones: He removed: Orders issued on

6320-592: Was spotted while he was still very young and giants Red Star Belgrade brought him to their youth team where he will later play for more than a decade becoming team captain and also regular member of the Yugoslavia national team . He was part of the team that won the silver medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics . Popović began coaching football in Venezuela in the 1970s, leading Portuguesa FC , Caracas F.C. and Deportivo Italia . He also managed Colombian sides Atlético Nacional , Deportivo Cali , and Millonarios as well as

6400-560: Was the most successful club in Yugoslavia and finished first in the Yugoslav First League all-time table , and is the most successful club in Serbia. According to 2008 polls, Red Star Belgrade is the most popular football club in Serbia, with 48% of the population supporting them. They have many supporters in other former Yugoslav republics and among the Serbian diaspora . Their main rivals are fellow Belgrade side Partizan . The championship matches between these two clubs are known as

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