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58-863: Until its closure in 1984 (40 years ago)  ( 1984 ) , the Academy had attracted over 7,000 students from the United States and abroad. Today it is owned and operated as a campground for the Virginia District of the United Pentecostal Church International . It is located on U.S. Route 11 , also known as the Lee Highway . Charles Summerville Roller was born in Mt. Sidney , Virginia on May 8, 1839. He secured his early education at Parkins Classical School and Mossy Creek Academy before entering

116-649: A 1912 decision by the Judge Advocate General of the Army that used a constitutional argument to restrict the overseas use of the National Guard), and could be called up for an unlimited duration. In addition, the Army was prevented from recruiting volunteer units to expand the organization in time of war until after the National Guard had been called up. The provisions for National Guard activation were used during

174-751: A Oneness Pentecostal organization called the General Assembly of the Apostolic Assemblies. The General Assembly of the Apostolic Assemblies merged with another church, the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World (PAW), and accepted the leadership of G. T. Haywood , an African American. This group held the first meeting in Eureka Springs in 1918. This interracial organization adopted the PAW name and remained

232-519: A climate designed to undermine the sanctity of human life." It has also designated the third Sunday in January of each year as "Sanctity of Life Sunday." Scripture elegantly solves the proper management of media technology with a single verse: “I will set no wicked thing before mine eye…” United Pentecostal Church International, Media Technology The UPCI states in its Articles of Faith that it disapproves of members owning televisions. In 1998,

290-473: A graduate of Ohio State, testified before the committee as a professional engineer . Present to testify as an advocate of a Reserve Engineers Corps, he expanded his remarks to argue in favor of the "Ohio Plan". Mershon noted (in bold): Congress agreed, and the ROTC provision was included in the final version of the law. The 1916 Act also authorized the National Guard to use federal funds to pay for 48 days of drill

348-517: A hipped, slate shingle roof.  It is the only original structure remaining and was rebuilt/remodeled in 1999, today serving as the AMA Museum. The year 1946 saw the dedication of a new science hall as part of the Academic Hall. In 1959 a new Mess Hall kitchen was built. Expansions in 1961 resulted in the completion of new classrooms above' the swimming pool and in 1963 a new stairway was erected on

406-451: A limestone-faced first story in the tower. It features an off-center, four-story entrance tower.  Construction of the structure was completed in 1915. The Mess Hall/Library/Deanes Castle Dormitory (also known as The Roller House) was built in 1879 as the residence for founder Charles Summerville Roller. It is the two-story, double-pile, frame building sheathed in German siding and covered by

464-463: A modified presbyterian system: ministers meet in sectional, district, and general conferences to elect officers and to conduct the church's affairs. The annual General Conference is the highest authority in the UPCI, with the power to determine articles of faith , elect officers, and determine policy. A General Superintendent is elected to preside over the church as a whole. On October 1, 2009, David K. Bernard

522-550: A total constituency of over 5.8 million worldwide, making it the largest Oneness denomination. The international fellowship of United Pentecostals consists of national organizations that are united as the Global Council of the UPCI, which is chaired by the general superintendent of the UPCI, currently David K. Bernard . The United Pentecostal Church International emerged from the Pentecostal movement , which traces its origins to

580-605: A unity conference with representatives from four Oneness organizations met in Columbus, Ohio attempting to bring all Oneness Pentecostals together. The Pentecostal Ministerial Alliance voted to merge with the Apostolic Church of Jesus Christ, but the terms of the proposed merger were rejected by that body. Nevertheless, a union between the Apostolic Church of Jesus Christ and the PAW was consummated in November 1931. The new body retained

638-468: A year, as well as 15 days of annual training, an improvement over the previous authorization of five days of summer camp, with no federal funds for drills. The new law also made the Army's Division of Militia Affairs the expanded and reorganized Militia Bureau , which oversaw federal funding and other requirements for the National Guard in each state. The 1916 Act also authorized the President to mobilize

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696-488: Is a Oneness Pentecostal denomination headquartered in Weldon Spring, Missouri . The United Pentecostal Church International was formed in 1945 by a merger of the former Pentecostal Church, Inc. and the Pentecostal Assemblies of Jesus Christ . The United Pentecostal Church International began with 521 churches and has grown to more than 45,000 churches, including daughter works and preaching points, 45,000 ministers, and

754-638: Is a church gathering primarily for the youth of the UPCI, held biennially since 1979 in various locations around North America. NAYC is the largest event hosted by the United Pentecostal Church International and has been described as one of the largest, if not the largest, gathering of Christian youth in the US. The largest NAYC to date was in 2019, when NAYC was held at The Dome at America's Center in St. Louis, Missouri from July 31 to August 2. The event

812-399: Is at 5.87 million. The General Conference of the United Pentecostal Church International is an annual conference occurring yearly since 1945. It is the highest governing body of the UPCI. Attendees of the conference conduct business, receive training, network with colleagues, participate in worship sessions, and raise funds for various ministries. North American Youth Congress (NAYC)

870-696: Is consistent with that of other Oneness Pentecostals, rejecting the Trinity and instead believing that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are different manifestations of God, as opposed to separate persons. The UPCI believes that one must repent, be baptized "in the name of Jesus" (as opposed to "in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit"), and receive the Holy Ghost with the initial evidence of speaking in tongues to be saved, as outlined in Acts 2:38 . Ministers at all levels of

928-504: Is solely in accordance with "wholesome Christian principles." The UPCI lays out its position on other matters in its ministerial manual, including the following issues. The UPCI is opposed to gambling , defined as “to bet on an uncertain outcome, to stake something on a contingency, playing the game of chance for stakes.” This opposition is due to the fact that it considers gambling addictive , inconsistent with scriptural work ethic , ignoring stewardship , and involving monetary gain to

986-933: The National Defense Act of 1920 , amended the National Defense Act of 1916, including the creation of the United States Army Air Service and the Chemical and Finance branches. The 1920 act also included a provision that the Chief of the National Guard Bureau be a National Guard officer, and allowed for National Guard officers to serve on the Army General staff. The National Defense Act Amendments of 1933 , Pub. L.   73–64 , 48  Stat.   153 , enacted June 15, 1933 , provided that

1044-606: The Pancho Villa Expedition and World War I . When the National Guard was federalized for World War I, efforts to create volunteer units, which had been used from the Mexican–American War to the Spanish–American War as a way to bypass the issue of when the National Guard could be federalized, came to an end. The 1916 Act also allocated over $ 17 million for the Army to field 375 new airplanes, and created

1102-710: The University of Virginia in 1859. At the outbreak of the Civil War he left his undergraduate studies and joined the Confederate forces , serving for most of the duration of the war with Company E, 1st Virginia Regiment under the command of General J. E. B. Stuart 's cavalry . When the War was over, there was a need in the Fort Defiance community for the resumption of some form of schooling. Four years or more had passed since most of

1160-435: The Academy's early years all the instructors at Augusta were V.M.I. graduates, and for classes in military instruction the prescribed War Department manuals were used. By 1888 the name Augusta Classical and Military Academy was adopted and then again in 1890 the name was changed to the present Augusta Military Academy (AMA). At the start of the 20th Century, AMA continued to function as it had since its inception. However, upon

1218-657: The Air Division to administer the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps , which was based at Langley Field . The President also requested that the National Academy of Sciences establish the National Research Council to conduct research into the potential of mathematical, biological, and physical science applications for defense. As part of the debate over preparedness, Congress was concerned with ensuring

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1276-614: The Civil War, a military-type discipline for the classroom offered a means of control. The success enjoyed by this discipline early on, encouraged the founder to introduce a complete military system between 1880 and 1882. The only precedent for such a venture in Virginia was the operation of Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, which itself followed the system of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. In

1334-537: The Fort Defiance area came to a standstill and he returned to Augusta County with renewed determination to establish a proper school for boys". In 1878 Roller chose a site three hundred yards above the west side of the Valley Pike toll road adjoining the Old Stone Church (now U. S. Route 11) as the place upon which to build his residence and Academy which was completed in 1879 as the Academy's first building. Over

1392-812: The King James Version of the Bible as a "trusted and prominent translation of the Scriptures," and further recommended only translations (in English or other languages) that meet the following guidelines: The basic governmental structure of the UPCI is congregational at the local church level and presbyterian at higher organizational levels. Local churches are self-governing, electing their own pastors and other leaders, owning their own property, deciding their own budgets, establishing their membership, and conducting all necessary local business. The central organization embraces

1450-469: The National Guard in case of war or other national emergency, and for the duration of the event. The National Guard had previously been limited to service within each state, or federal activation within the United States for up to nine months. Under the 1916 Act, members of the National Guard could be discharged from the militia and drafted into the United States Army for overseas service (to comply with

1508-471: The National Guard is considered a component of the Army at all times. Beginning with this law, each National Guard member has two military statuses—a member of the National Guard of his or her state (Title 32 duties), or a member of the National Guard of the United States (Title 10 duties) when federalized. This enhanced the 1916 Act's mobilization provisions, making it possible to deploy National Guard units and individual members directly for overseas service in

1566-645: The Pentecostal Ministerial Alliance, and Emmanuel's Church in Jesus Christ. In 1927, steps were taken toward reunifying these organizations. Meeting in a joint convention in Guthrie, Oklahoma , Emmanuel's Church in Jesus Christ and the Apostolic Churches of Jesus Christ merged, taking the name the Apostolic Church of Jesus Christ. This merger united about 400 Oneness Pentecostal ministers. In 1931,

1624-608: The President shall declare to be noncombatant". A religious exemption had been under consideration since James Madison originally presented what was to become the Second Amendment . The provision to establish the Reserve Officer Training Corps was advocated by a delegation from Ohio including William Oxley Thompson , President of the Ohio State University . On February 7, 1916, Ralph D. Mershon ,

1682-404: The U.S. and Canada, the UPCI has 40,440 churches and preaching points, 33,862 ministers, and a constituency of 4,785,291 in 218 nations and 11 territories. The international fellowship consists of national organizations that are united as the Global Council of the UPCI, which is chaired by the general superintendent of the UPCI, David K. Bernard. Total worldwide membership, including North America,

1740-572: The UPCI are allowed to marry and have children. The UPCI considers any form of homosexuality , fornication , adultery , polygamy , bestiality , incest , and transgenderism to be contrary to biblical teaching and states that God's plan is "heterosexuality, with definite boundaries between sexes in both appearance and behavior." The UPCI has stated, however, that it does not preach condemnation, but rather reconciliation, and implores everyone to be reconciled to God. The UPCI opposes legalized abortion, as well as any legislation that would "bring about

1798-621: The UPCI is Christian Life College in Stockton, California , which has been accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) since 2019. Other unaccredited bible colleges endorsed by the UPCI are: Currently, there are only three accredited colleges and seminaries endorsed by the UPCI: The Global Association of Theological Studies (or GATS) is the higher education arm of UPCI Global Missions, overseeing

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1856-431: The UPCI published a position paper on computer and internet usage that suggested the following guidelines in the home: In a 2013 position paper, the UPCI further clarified its stance on all forms of media technology outside of television, including computers, tablets, smartphones, and gaming consoles. It stated that because "sinful media programming" is available through such mediums, the UPCI calls for responsible use that

1914-479: The United Pentecostal Church International. The merger of these two Oneness Pentecostal bodies brought together 521 churches. In the U.S. and Canada , the newly formed United Pentecostal Church International traditionally reflected the surrounding demographics, with the majority of its constituency being White and Anglo-American . In the last quarter of the twentieth century, however, the United Pentecostal Church International attempted to shift its doctrines toward

1972-531: The area's youth had received any education. Mr. Roller, aware of the situation, promptly went to work teaching boys, many of them veterans of the war, in a simple, red brick structure (now demolished) which formerly stood on the property of Augusta Old Stone Church , just north of the current AMA campus. Roller's services to the community did not go unrewarded; he was elected to serve in the Virginia Legislature from 1871 to 1873. In his absence, education in

2030-587: The author of Sounder , and the Louisiana educator C. E. Byrd . An episode of MTV 's Fear was shot at the Augusta Military Academy. It was featured on Season 1, Episode 4 and was renamed "Hopkins Military Academy." This was mainly to protect the academy from local teenagers, ghost hunters and urban explorers . United Pentecostal Church International Christianity • Protestantism The United Pentecostal Church International ( UPCI )

2088-554: The back of the Main Barracks. The neo-Gothic style Gymnasium/Academic Hall consists of three sections: the original gymnasium built in 1910 and the present Gymnasium built in 1929, connected by a swimming pool. Each year, the Augusta Military Academy Museum hosts an alumni gathering. Among its notable alumni are Pulitzer Prize winning Author N. Scott Momaday who wrote House Made of Dawn, William H. Armstrong ,

2146-538: The combined leadership of the Roller brothers, AMA's enrollment and standing as a prestigious college preparatory school grew. In 1916 with the passage of the “ National Defense Act of 1916 ” the Junior Reserve Officer Training Program ( JROTC ) was established and AMA became the first secondary school in the state of Virginia to officially include this program into its curriculum in 1921. This opened

2204-409: The death of its founder, C.S. Roller on August 26, 1907, control and operation of the school transferred to his 2 youngest sons, Thomas Roller and Charles Roller Jr. The Roller brothers were themselves graduates of AMA and had gone on to further their educations at UVA and VMI respectively. (NOTE: Charles Roller Jr’s friend and roommate at VMI was the distinguished George C. Marshall) When the U.S.A.

2262-432: The development and implementation of Oneness Pentecostal curriculum for its member schools. The GATS has 526 bible schools in 120 countries worldwide, representing about 11,000 students and 3,000 graduates annually. In 2019, its member schools graduated 3,375 students. National Defense Act of 1916 The National Defense Act of 1916 , Pub. L.   64–85 , 39  Stat.   166 , enacted June 3, 1916 ,

2320-539: The door to Federal logistical support for the military program but in reality, had little effect on the school's operating principles - military instilled discipline was still a pivotal principle of the school's academic and athletic programs. The early 20th century were years of expansion both in enrollment and physical presence and A.M.A. prospered becoming a school of international repute. When Thomas J. Roller died on March 10, 1946, his younger brother and co- principal Charles S. Roller, Jr., assumed all responsibilities for

2378-442: The hurt and suffering of the less fortunate. The UPCI recommends that members refrain from participating in organized sports ―excluding recreational activities within the local church―because it has an "attitude and appearance that opposes Pentecostal principles, teachings, and standards." The UPCI is strongly opposed to Transcendental Meditation and its "further funding, promotion, or teaching... in classrooms." In response to

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2436-530: The inclusion of every race and culture in North America . In 2008, the United Pentecostal Church International published a statement against racism, stating that it affirms the worth and dignity of every human being, regardless of race or ethnicity, and consequently opposes bigotry and hatred. Despite attempts to reconcile with minorities, several congregations have left the United Pentecostal Church International citing persistent racism. The UPCI's core theology

2494-488: The laws of each State shall think it proper" first presented by Alexander Hamilton , became section 2 of the May 8th Militia Acts of 1792 . "The principal changes made by the 1916 act were to omit the exemption in the 1903 act of "all persons who are exempted by the laws of the respective States and Territories". and to add in the 1916 act the clause, "but no person so exempted shall be exempt from militia service in any capacity that

2552-662: The name of the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World. In 1932, the Pentecostal Ministerial Alliance changed its name to the Pentecostal Church, Incorporated to reflect its organizational structure. In 1936, Pentecostal Church, Incorporated ministers voted to work toward an amalgamation with the Pentecostal Assemblies of Jesus Christ. Final union, however, proved elusive until September 25, 1945, when these two Oneness Pentecostal organizations voted in St. Louis, MO , to merge and form

2610-404: The next 18 years, Roller constructed additional units for the Academy's programs and by 1897, a group of frame buildings stood in a line parallel to the Valley Pike occupying the same space now filled by the brick collegiate structures which replaced them in the early 20th century. The original frame buildings were specifically designed for Academy use, and for their time, were quite satisfactory. On

2668-484: The only Oneness Pentecostal body until late 1924. Southern Jim Crow laws and racial hatred resulted in many white leaders withdrawing from the PAW rather than remaining under African American leadership. Many local congregations in the Southern U.S. , however, remained integrated while attempting to comply with local segregation laws. In 1925, three new Oneness churches were formed: the Apostolic Churches of Jesus Christ,

2726-575: The publication of the Revised Standard Version in 1952, the UPCI's General Conference adopted a statement in 1953 disapproving the use of the translation . Further, the statement provided the King James Version as "the most accurate translation of the Scriptures to be used in our churches and among our people." In 2022, the UPCI further clarified its stance on Bible translations with a position paper. The statement continued to recognize

2784-449: The right side of the Roller home was constructed a large wooden tower which served as an armory. A two- story wing was added to the left of the Roller home; the first floor of which was designed to serve as the Academy dining room. Although it has been enlarged and completely remodeled numerous times, the Roller home with its original Academy dining room is still in use today. Because many of Professor Roller's first students were veterans of

2842-451: The school As enrollment in the early 1900s grew, the need for more and improved buildings grew.  Old wooden structures were torn down, additional instructional facilities were built along with new dormitories during the early part of the 20th century. Most notable (and recognizable) for AMA is the "Main Barracks"; a three-story, rectangular structure constructed of rough stucco walls above

2900-681: The supply of nitrates (used to make munitions), so the 1916 Act authorized the construction of two nitrate-manufacturing plants, an industrial village , and a dam to provide them hydropower. President Wilson chose Muscle Shoals, Alabama as the site of the dam. Wilson Dam was later named for him, and the dam and nitrate plants built in Muscle Shoals were absorbed into the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1933. The National Defense Act Amendments of 1920 , Pub. L.   66–242 , 41  Stat.   759 , enacted June 4, 1920 , a.k.a.

2958-674: The teachings of Charles Parham in Topeka, Kansas , and the Azusa Street Revival led by William J. Seymour in 1906. The UPCI traces its organizational roots to 1916, when a large group of Pentecostal ministers within the Assemblies of God USA began to unite around the teaching of the oneness of God and water baptism in the name of Jesus Christ . Several Oneness ministers met in Eureka Springs, Arkansas , and on January 2, 1917, formed

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3016-599: Was a United States federal law that updated the Militia Act of 1903 , which related to the organization of the military, particularly the National Guard. The principal change of the act was to supersede provisions as to exemptions. The 1916 act included an expansion of the Army and the National Guard , the creation of an Officers' and an Enlisted Reserve Corps, and the creation of a Reserve Officers' Training Corps . The President

3074-399: Was also given expanded authority to federalize the National Guard , with changes to the duration and the circumstances under which he could call it up. The Army began the creation of an Aviation arm, and the federal government took steps to ensure the immediate availability of wartime weapons and equipment by contracting in advance for production of gunpowder and other material. The act

3132-454: Was announced as the current General Superintendent. The UPCI grew from 521 member churches in 1945 to 5,081 churches (including 489 daughter works and 333 preaching points), 12,018 ministers, and a total constituency of 1,091,000 in the United States and Canada in 2024. The UPCI has also experienced substantial growth over the last 10 years in the United States and Canada, adding 588 churches and 2,413 ministers between 2014 and 2024. Outside

3190-515: Was attended by over 36,000 youths. The UPCI owns and operates one accredited seminary , Urshan Graduate School of Theology in Wentzville, Missouri . It was accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in 2010, and also by the Higher Learning Commission on June 25, 2020. The UPCI also operates one Christian liberal arts college accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, Urshan University (formerly Urshan College and Gateway College of Evangelism) in Wentzville, Missouri. The college

3248-423: Was drawn into the Great War, the Roller brothers debated over which of them should serve the country and which should stay to run the school. In the end, Charles Roller Jr, went off to war and spent 1917-1918 serving as a Captain with the 89th Division in France. It is believed that he conceived the “Ad Astra per Aspera Society” on the long boat ride home and that it became a reality for the school in 1925. Under

3306-451: Was established in October 2011, when the UPCI General Board approved a plan for Urshan Graduate School of Theology to acquire Gateway College (a college formerly run by the UPCI's Missouri District) to establish Urshan University as a new Christian liberal arts college. The transition was completed on July 1, 2012. In addition, the UPCI endorses several other Christian and Bible colleges. The only endorsed accredited institution not owned by

3364-500: Was passed amidst the " preparedness controversy ", after Pancho Villa's cross-border raid on Columbus, New Mexico and prior to U.S. entry into World War I . Its chief proponent was James Hay of Virginia , the Chairman of the House Committee on Military Affairs . Sponsored by the committee's ranking member, Julius Kahn of California and drafted by Hay, the 1916 law authorized an expanded Army of 175,000, and an enlarged National Guard of 450,000. The origins exempting "such as

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