Misplaced Pages

#46953

49-655: Since its foundation, the Assyrian Democratic Party has been considered to be "overtly sectarian", regarding the Eastern Assyrians as the only "true" Assyrians while distrusting the Western Assyrians . Since the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War , the party has however gradually broadened its aims and become more inclusive. In 2014 it began to work closely with other Assyrian and Christian denominations in

98-565: A letter to a priest Thomas comparing the Syriac Liturgy with that of Egypt. This letter is an exceedingly valuable and really critical discussion of the rite. A number of later Syriac writers followed James of Edessa. On the whole this church produced the first scientific students of liturgy. Benjamin of Edessa (period unknown), Lazarus bar Sabhetha of Bagdad (ninth century), Moses bar Kephas of Mosul (d. 903), Dionysius bar Salibi of Amida (d. 1171) wrote valuable commentaries on this Rite. In

147-677: A meeting with Russian deputy foreign minister Mikhail Bogdanov in April 2017 that the party wants a new Syrian constitution that grants self-determination, more rights and recognition as native people to the Syrian Assyrians. The Assyrian Democratic Party also took part in the Northern Syria regional elections in December 2017 as part of the PYD-led "Democratic Nation List". Party official Wail Mîrza called

196-547: A shortened form of the same. This is the one commonly used today. Then: Brightman (pp. lviii–lix) mentions 64 liturgies as known, at least by name. Notes of this many of anaphoras will be found after each in Renaudot. In most cases all he can say is that he knows nothing of the real author; often the names affixed are otherwise unknown. Many anaphoras are obviously quite late, inflated with long prayers and rhetorical, expressions, many contain miaphysite ideas, some are insufficient at

245-666: Is "not logical to have 30 percent of the population [the Kurds] in this area rule over the other 70 percent [the Arabs and Assyrians]", and that "the Kurdish political groups must accept real power-sharing". In September 2014, the Assyrian Democratic Party put up a shelter in Qamishli for Yazidis who had fled the Sinjar massacre , and distributed food, clothing and medicine to them. The party also participated in

294-611: Is an Armenian version (shortened) of the Syriac St James. The liturgy is said in Syriac with (since the 15th century) many Arabic substitutions in the lessons and proanaphoral prayers. The lectionary and diaconicum have not been published and are poorly known. The vestments correspond almost exactly to those of the Byzantine Orthodox, except that the bishop wears a Latinized mitre. The calendar has few feasts. It follows in its main lines

343-565: Is obviously a local variant. Its scheme and most of its prayers correspond to those of the Greek St. James; but it has amplifications and omissions such as is found in all local forms of early rites. It seems too that the Syriac Church made some modifications after the schism. This is certainly the case at one point, that of the Trisagion . One Syriac writer is James of Edessa (d. 708), who wrote

392-537: Is said on the chief feasts. The lessons only are in Arabic. It was inevitable that the Syriac Liturgies, coming from miaphysite sources, should be examined at Rome before they are allowed to Syriac Catholics, but the revisers made very few changes. Out of the mass of anaphoras they chose those believed to be the oldest and purest, leaving out the long series of later ones that they regarded as unorthodox, or even invalid. In

441-706: Is the Tagrit tradition that was introduced into Kerala in the 18th and 19th centuries. Versions of the West Syriac Rite are currently used by multiple different ecclesiastical bodies: The oldest known form of the Antiochene Rite is in Greek which is apparently its original language. The many Greek terms that remain in the Syriac form suggest that this is derived from Greek. The version must have been made early, evidently before

490-585: Is the political wing of the Syrian Democratic Forces in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES). The SDC's stated mission is working towards the implementation of a "Pluralistic, democratic and decentralized system for all of Syria". The Syrian Democratic Council was established on 10 December 2015 in Al-Malikiyah . Prominent human rights activist Haytham Manna

539-852: The "Assyrian Forces" in the following December. West Syrian Rite The West Syriac Rite , also called the Syro-Antiochian Rite and the West Syrian Rite , is an Eastern Christian liturgical rite that employs the Divine Liturgy of Saint James in the West Syriac dialect. It is practised in the Maronite Church , the Syriac Orthodox Church , the Syriac Catholic Church and various Malankara Churches of India (see

SECTION 10

#1732852221047

588-505: The "General Authority of the Chaldean Syriac Assyrians", a committee whose stated aims also include ensuring social equality and more rights for all Christians of al-Hasakah Governorate. In 2017, the party declared that it wanted a new constitution for Syria that recognized all Assyrians as native people of Syria and granted them "cultural, administrative and other rights". The ADP also officially rejects partisanship and supports

637-582: The "federal model that was set up [in northern Syria] is satisfying as we feel sufficiently represented". The Assyrian Democratic Party was founded in 1978, when a splinter faction under Adam Homeh seceded from the Assyrian Democratic Organization (ADO). From its outset, the ADP understood itself as proponent of rights for the Eastern Assyrians as opposed to the Western Assyrians, who dominated

686-624: The AANES. In late September and early October 2016 a forum for the Syrian Democratic Council was held in the town of Rmelan , in the northeastern Hasakah Governorate . Those that attended the conference included a representative from Jableh , in the western Latakia Governorate . On 13 January 2017, a youth constituent assembly was established in Qamishli . On 25 February 2017, the Assyrian Democratic Party agreed to join

735-497: The ADO. Over time, a strong rivalry developed between the pro-opposition ADO and the ADP, which shifted increasingly closer to the Ba'athist government in the 1990s. As result, the Assyrian Democratic Party came to present itself as the pro-government alternative to the ADO, and when taking part in various Syrian parliamentary elections , supported Assyrian candidates that were not strongly opposed to

784-728: The Catholics — Diaconicum, officebook, and ritual — are edited at Rome, Beirut, and the Patriarchal press Sharfé; they are considerably the most accessible, the best-arranged books in which to study this rite. The Saint Thomas Christian community of India, who originally belonged to the Province of India of the Church of the East and they were following the East Syriac Rite till the sixteenth century, when

833-720: The Geneva talks, SDC member Bassam Ishak has stated: As for Iran, Russia, and the Syrian regime, they want the regime to regain control over the territories east of the Euphrates river, and therefore they reject the DAA project and do not want its participation. Ilham Ehmed , President of the SDC's Executive Council, has said: AANES seeks to provide a miniature model that present the whole of Syria...What has been achieved in northeastern Syria takes precedence over

882-627: The Khabur valley, saying that even though the FSA fighters did not harass the locals, their presence caused the area to become a target for government attacks. This in turn forced the Assyrians to flee their homes. The ADP also protested against the declaration of the autonomous region " Rojava " by the Kurdish-led administration in northern Syria around that time. Party president Ninos Isho stated in early 2014 that it

931-590: The SDC took place in al-Malikiyah and Riad Darar was elected as the co-president of the SDC, replacing Haytham Manna , alongside Îlham Ehmed , who was re-elected. On 28 May 2017, a female branch of the Syrian Democratic Assembly was established in Al-Shaddadah . Elections for the council were planned for early 2018, but never held. On 16 July 2018, the Third Conference of SDC was held under

980-488: The Syriac Church has added a very great number of alternative Anaphoras , many of which have not been published. These Anaphoras are ascribed to all manner of people; they were composed at very different periods. One explanation of their attribution to various saints is that they were originally used on their feasts. Eusèbe Renaudot translated and published 39 of these. After that, the Liturgy of St. James follows (in his work)

1029-403: The Syriac Liturgy (in its fundamental form) already contains all the changes brought to Antioch from Jerusalem . It is not the older pure Antiochene Rite, but the later Rite of Jerusalem-Antioch. The Liturgy of St. James , for example, prays first not for the Church of Antioch, but "for the holy Sion, the mother of all churches", that is, Jerusalem. (Brightman, pp. 89–90). The fact that both

SECTION 20

#1732852221047

1078-611: The Syriac and the Byzantine Orthodox Churches have the Jerusalem-Antiochene Liturgy is the chief proof that this had supplanted the older Antiochene use before the schism of the 5th century. The earliest extant Syriac documents come from about the end of the 5th century. They contain valuable information about local forms of the Rite of Antioch-Jerusalem. The Syriac Orthodox Church kept a version of this rite which

1127-682: The Syrian Democratic Council, and the YPG agreed to hand over security in the Assyrian towns along the Khabur River to the Khabur Guards and Nattoreh which joined the Syrian Democratic Forces . On 13 April, PYD forces officially handed over the Khabur valley's villages to the Khabour Guards and Nattoreh , though the YPG kept a military base near Tell Tamer . On the same day, the second conference of

1176-593: The West Syriac Rite (the Assemani, Renaudot, etc.) have been Catholic. Their knowledge and Western standards of scholarship in general are advantages from which the Syriac Catholics profit. Of the manifold Syriac Anaphoras, the Catholics use seven only — those of St James, St John, St Peter, St Chrysostom, St Xystus, St Matthew, and St Basil. That of St Xystus is attached to the Ordo communis in their official book; that of St John

1225-799: The West Syriac liturgical tradition was gradually introduced to them, and thus the descendants of the Puthenkoor , which includes the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, Malankara Marthoma Syrian Church, Syro-Malankara Catholic Church and Malabar Independent Church, currently employ the West Syriac Rite. Syrian Democratic Council Opposition (36) The Syrian Democratic Council ( Kurdish : Meclîsa Sûriya Demokratîk , MSD ; Arabic : مجلس سوريا الديمقراطية ; Classical Syriac : ܡܘܬܒܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ ܕܝܡܩܪܛܝܬܐ , romanized:  Mawtbo d'Suriya Demoqraṭoyto )

1274-721: The YPG, the Khabour Guards (a small Assyrian self-defense militia) broke their ties with the Syriac Union Party and aligned themselves with the ADP around mid-2015. In November 2015, the ADP issued a statement condemning purported human rights violations in Rojava by the governing Democratic Union Party (PYD). Despite this, the ADP joined the PYD-led Syrian Democratic Council one month later, with Wail Mîrza serving as

1323-460: The consecration so as to be invalid. Baumstark (Die Messe im Morgenland, 44–46) thinks the Anaphora of St Ignatius most important, as containing parts of the old pure Antiochene Rite. He considers that many attributions to later miaphysite authors may be correct, that the Liturgy of Ignatius of Antioch (Joseph Ibn Wahib; d. 1304) is the latest. Most of these anaphoras have now fallen into disuse. There

1372-606: The council. Mrs. Berivan Khaled (Khalid) and Abdul Hamid al-Mahbash were elected co-chairmen of Executive Body. Later, in the meeting held on 3 October 2018, the co-chairs of the nine Authorities of the Executive Council were elected. On October 21, the first meeting of the General Council was held, at which a legal committee of three people was created, whose tasks is to determine laws, concepts and proposals from committees, departments and offices, in addition to studying

1421-449: The dialect of Edessa. The proanaphoral part of this is the Ordo communis to which the other later Anaphoras are joined. This follows the Greek St. James with these differences: In this Syriac Liturgy many Greek forms remain, e.g. Stomen kalos, Kyrie eleison, Sophia, Proschomen . Renaudot gives also a second form of the Ordo communis (II, 12–28) with many variants. To the Ordo communis,

1470-548: The eighth and ninth centuries a controversy concerning the prayer at the Fraction produced much liturgical literature. The chronicle of a Syriac prelate, Patriarch Michael the Great , (d. 1199) discusses the question and supplies valuable contemporary documents. The oldest West Syriac liturgy extant is the one ascribed, as in its Greek form, to Saint James , "the brother of the Lord". It is in

1519-513: The election "historical", and further said that such elections are what Assyrians "are striving for all over Syria". The ADP took part in the Sochi peace talks of January 2018 . On 20 September 2018, the Assyrian Democratic Party announced the creation of a united military leadership for Nattoreh and the Khabour Guards, known as "General Command of the Assyrian Forces". The Khabour Guards already left

Assyrian Democratic Party - Misplaced Pages Continue

1568-419: The formation of the "General Authority of the Chaldean Syriac Assyrians" in the next month. This committee aimed at strengthening the cooperation of the different Christian churches, parties and organizations in al-Hasakah Governorate , and ensuring the rights of all Christians in the region. Among the participants was also the pro-Kurdish Syriac Union Party . After the assassination of one of its commanders by

1617-598: The headquarters of SDC in Ain Issa town, with the participation of Amina Omar, co-chair of SDC, the heads of the civil councils in North Syria and the dignitaries of the Arab tribes, to form an autonomous administration of north and east of Syria on the basis of the decision taken at the third conference of the SDC held on 16 July this year. During the meeting, the 70-member General Council for Autonomous Administration of North, East Syria

1666-731: The interventions of the Portuguese Padroado missionaries led to a schism among them. Following the schism in 1665, one of the two factions that emerged (the Puthenkoor ) made contact with the Syriac Orthodox Church through Archbishop Gregorios Abdal Jaleel . Links with the Syriac Orthodox Church were further strengthened in the course of time, as other Syriac Orthodox prelates continued to work among them and to replace their original liturgical rite. Maphrian Baselios Yaldo and Baselios Shakrallah were prominent among them. In this way

1715-411: The laws issued by the council. At the meeting it was decided to hold meetings of the Council twice a month. While the Syrian Democratic Council stressed their desire to participate in the Geneva and Astana talks, they were excluded from both due to Turkish veto. Effective 31 January 2018, the SDC is registered in the US as a "foreign political party" under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. On

1764-452: The older form of Antioch, observed also by the Church of the East , which is the basis of the Byzantine Calendar. Feasts are divided into three classes of dignity. Wednesday and Friday are fast-days. The Divine Office consists of Vespers, Compline, Nocturns, Lauds, Terce, Sext, and None, or rather of hours that correspond to these among Latins. Vespers always belongs to the following day. The great part of this consists of long poems composed for

1813-422: The party continues to advocate "the unity of Syria, as a country and people". On 13 April, PYD forces officially handed over the valley's villages to the Khabour Guards and Nattoreh, though the YPG kept a military base near Tell Tamer . The Assyrian Democratic Party said that this was a first step towards establishing Assyrian self-administration in the Khabur valley. Party President Ninos Isho also stated during

1862-427: The party's representative in the assembly. In January 2017, the Assyrian Democratic Party reached a deal with the PYD, according to which the Khabour Guards and Nattoreh would become the sole security force for the Assyrian villages in the Khabur valley. In return, the Khabour Guards and Nattoreh joined the Syrian Democratic Forces , while the ADP agreed to support the PYD's federalism project for Syria . Nevertheless,

1911-437: The peaceful implementation of democracy in Syria, and is social democratic according to Al-Araby Al-Jadeed . Nevertheless, the party has generally sided and cooperated with the Ba'athist government since the 1990s, and supported pro-government militias in the civil war. The ADP advocates the unity of Syria, though has begun to support plans for the country's federalization since 2017. By July 2018, an ADP member stated that

1960-436: The purpose, like the Byzantine odes. Baptism is performed by immersion; the priest confirms at once with chrism blessed by the patriarch. Communion is administered under both kinds; the sick are anointed with oil blessed by a priest — the ideal is to have seven priests to administer it. The orders are bishop, priest, deacon, subdeacon, lector, and singer. There are many chorepiscopi, not ordained bishop. It will be seen, then, that

2009-472: The relatively small Syriac Church has followed much the same line of development in its rites as its Byzantine neighbours. The Syriac Catholics, that is, those in communion with Rome, use the same rite as the Syriac Orthodox, but perhaps in a more organized manner. There is not much that can be called Romanizing in their books; but they have the advantage of well-arranged, well-edited, and well-printed books. The most prominent early modern and modern students of

Assyrian Democratic Party - Misplaced Pages Continue

2058-415: The rule of the al-Assad family . When the Syrian Civil War broke out in 2012, the ADP openly opposed the Syrian opposition , with some of its members even joining the government militias ( Popular Committees ) in Qamishli . The Assyrian Democratic Party also expressed support for the pro-government Sootoro . In late 2013, the ADP lamented that the Free Syrian Army had occupied the Assyrian villages in

2107-412: The schism occasioned by the Council of Chalcedon , before the influence of Constantinople had begun. No doubt as soon as Christian communities arose in the rural areas of Roman Syria , the prayers which in the cities (Antioch, Jerusalem, etc.) were said in Greek, were, as a matter of course, translated into the local vernacular for the people's use. Early sources, such as Peregrinatio Silviae describe

2156-411: The section on usage below). It is one of two main liturgical rites of Syriac Christianity , the other being the East Syriac Rite . It originated in the ancient Patriarchate of Antioch . It has more anaphoras than any other rite. Many new texts translated from Greek were accepted among the Syriac Orthodox of Antioch. Those associated with Tagrit Maphrianate did not accept them. In essence it

2205-411: The services at Jerusalem as being in Greek; but the lessons, first read in Greek, are then translated into Syriac. As long as all Western Syria was one communion, the country dioceses followed the rite of the patriarch at Antioch, only changing the language. Modifications adopted at Antioch in Greek were copied in Syriac by those who said their prayers in the national tongue. This point is important because

2254-421: The seven kept for Syriac Catholic use what alterations have been made are chiefly the omission of redundant prayers, and the simplication of confused parts in which the Diaconicum and the Euchologion had become mixed together. The only substantive change is the omission of the clause: "Who was crucified for us" in the Trisagion. There is no suspicion of modifying in the direction of the Roman Rite. The other books of

2303-430: The slogan "Towards a Political Solution and Building a Decentralized Democratic Syria" in Al-Tabqa city, where the delegates elected Amina Omar and re-elected Riad Darar as co-chairs of SDC. Amina Omar replaced Îlham Ehmed, who was elected co-president of the Executive Council of the AANES, On 6 September 2018, SDC held a meeting of local councils and autonomous administration departments in north and east Syria at

2352-442: Was elected co-chair at its founding. The Assembly that established the Syrian Democratic Council was made up of 13 members from specific ethnic, economic and political backgrounds. On 1 August 2016 the Syrian Democratic Council opened a public office in Hasakah . On 11 September 2016 the Syria's Tomorrow Movement signed a cooperation agreement with the Syrian Democratic Council and the associated de facto autonomous region of

2401-458: Was formed as follows: 49 members of the legislative councils in the areas of Autonomous Administration and civil councils, and 21 members of the technocrats agreed upon through the preparatory committee and discuss other departments. Mrs. Siham Qariou (Syriac) and Mr. Farid Atti (Kurd) were elected to the joint presidency of the General Council for the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, also were elected five members of General Office of

#46953