The Neo-Aramaic or Modern Aramaic languages are varieties of Aramaic that evolved during the late medieval and early modern periods, and continue to the present day as vernacular (spoken) languages of modern Aramaic-speaking communities. Within the field of Aramaic studies , classification of Neo-Aramaic languages has been a subject of particular interest among scholars, who proposed several divisions, into two (western and eastern), three (western, central and eastern) or four (western, central, northeastern and southeastern) primary groups.
18-572: [REDACTED] Look up Syriac in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Syriac may refer to: Syriac language , an ancient dialect of Eastern Middle Aramaic Sureth/Suret , a Neo-Aramaic language spoken in the Nineveh Plains region Syriac alphabet Syriac (Unicode block) Syriac Supplement Neo-Aramaic languages also known as Syriac in most native vernaculars Syriac Christianity ,
36-483: A Semitic-speaking people Arameans (Syriacs), an ancient Semitic-speaking people Suriyani Malayalam , dialect of Malayalam influenced by Classical Syriac See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Syriac Syriac Rite (disambiguation) Syrian (disambiguation) Syria (disambiguation) Suriyani (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
54-483: A Semitic-speaking people Arameans (Syriacs), an ancient Semitic-speaking people Suriyani Malayalam , dialect of Malayalam influenced by Classical Syriac See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Syriac Syriac Rite (disambiguation) Syrian (disambiguation) Syria (disambiguation) Suriyani (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
72-587: A literary and liturgical language of Syriac Christianity . Since Classical Syriac and similar archaic forms, like Targumic Aramaic (old Judeo-Aramaic variety) and Classical Mandaic , are no longer vernacular, they are not classified as Neo-Aramaic languages. However, the classical languages continue to have influence over the colloquial Neo-Aramaic languages. The most prominent Neo-Aramaic varieties belong to Central Neo-Aramaic and Northeastern Neo-Aramaic groups. They are spoken primarily (though not wholly exclusively) by ethnic Assyrians , who are adherents of
90-507: Is Modern Mandaic , which has low intelligibility with other varieties. It is the direct descendant of Classical Mandaic , which traces its roots back to the Persian -influenced Aramaic of the Arsacid Empire . Modern Mandaic is spoken fluently by no more than about a few hundred people. The number of modern speakers of Neo-Aramaic languages is estimated from approximately 575,000 to 1,000,000,
108-588: The Assyrian Church of the East , Ancient Church of the East , Syriac Orthodox Church , Chaldean Catholic Church , and some other denominations. Other speakers include Muslim and Christian Arameans (Syriacs) from Maaloula and Jubb'adin , who speak the endangered Western Neo-Aramaic language, Mandaeans , and some Mizrahi Jews . Today, the number of fluent Neo-Aramaic speakers is significantly smaller, and newer generations of Assyrians generally are not acquiring
126-786: The Syrian Desert from southeast to northwest. Only Western Neo-Aramaic , spoken in Maaloula and Jubb'adin in the Anti-Lebanon mountains by Christian and Muslim Aramean (Syriac) communities, remains as a witness to the western varieties, which used to be much more widespread in Palestine (as evidenced in varieties from the first millennium CE such as Samaritan Aramaic , Jewish Palestinian Aramaic and Christian Palestinian Aramaic ). The other Neo-Aramaic languages are all eastern varieties, but with little homogeneity. Most distinct in this group
144-735: The churches using Syriac as their liturgical language West Syriac Rite , liturgical rite of the Maronite Syriac Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, and the Syriac Catholic Church East Syriac Rite , liturgical rite of the Syro Malabar Church, Chaldean Catholic Church, Assyrian Church of the East, and the Ancient Church of the East Syriacs , a term for Syriac Christians Assyrian people (Syriacs),
162-414: The churches using Syriac as their liturgical language West Syriac Rite , liturgical rite of the Maronite Syriac Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, and the Syriac Catholic Church East Syriac Rite , liturgical rite of the Syro Malabar Church, Chaldean Catholic Church, Assyrian Church of the East, and the Ancient Church of the East Syriacs , a term for Syriac Christians Assyrian people (Syriacs),
180-446: The 💕 [REDACTED] Look up Syriac in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Syriac may refer to: Syriac language , an ancient dialect of Eastern Middle Aramaic Sureth/Suret , a Neo-Aramaic language spoken in the Nineveh Plains region Syriac alphabet Syriac (Unicode block) Syriac Supplement Neo-Aramaic languages also known as Syriac in most native vernaculars Syriac Christianity ,
198-589: The full language, especially as many have emigrated and acculturated into their new resident countries, and other minority Aramaic languages are being surpassed by local majority languages. During the Late Antiquity , and throughout the Middle Ages , the linguistic development of the Aramaic language was marked by the coexistence of literary and vernacular forms. A dominant literary form among Aramaic-speaking Christians
SECTION 10
#1732837595509216-432: The linguistic continuum, and also created new groups of Neo-Aramaic speakers throughout the diaspora . Those events had a profound impact on further development of Neo-Aramaic communities, affecting all spheres of life, including various cultural issues related to their language. Throughout the history of Aramaic language , a dialectal boundary dividing western and eastern varieties has existed, running transversely across
234-554: The modern phase of their linguistic development, marked by the appearance of various Neo-Aramaic publications, and also by the establishment of modern schools and other institutions. That development was severely interrupted by the breakout of the First World War (1914–1918) and the atrocities committed against Aramaic-speaking communities during the Seyfo (genocide). The displacement of many communities from their native regions disrupted
252-420: The religious sphere of life (liturgical use), while vernacular forms continued to develop into the early modern period. Gradually, some of those Neo-Aramaic vernacular forms also started to be used for literary purposes. During the 19th century, systematic studies of Neo-Aramaic languages were initiated for the first time, and by the beginning of the 20th century some Neo-Aramaic varieties already entered into
270-503: The title Syriac . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syriac&oldid=1255625700 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Syriac From Misplaced Pages,
288-854: The title Syriac . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syriac&oldid=1255625700 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Neo-Aramaic languages In terms of sociolinguistics , Neo-Aramaic languages are also classified by various ethnolinguistic and religiolinguistic criteria, spanning across ethnic and religious lines, and encompassing groups that adhere to Christianity , Judaism , Mandaeism and Islam . Christian Neo-Aramaic languages have long co-existed with Classical Syriac as
306-413: The vast majority of whom are Assyrian people . The largest of subgroups of speakers are Assyrian Neo-Aramaic with approximately 500,000 speakers, Chaldean Neo-Aramaic with approximately 240,000 speakers, Turoyo (Surayt) with approximately 100,000 speakers and a few thousand speakers of other Neo-Aramaic languages (i.e. Modern Judeo-Aramaic varieties and Bohtan Neo-Aramaic , among others), which give
324-441: Was Edessan Aramaic (Urhaya), that came to be known as Classical Syriac (a term coined by western scholars). At the same time, Aramaic-speaking Jews had their own literary languages ( Judeo-Aramaic languages ). Along with dominant literary forms, various vernacular forms were also spoken, with distinctive regional variations. By the late medieval period, literary forms used by Aramaic-speaking Christians were confided mainly to
#508491