100-772: Aspen Grove Cemetery is a cemetery in Burlington, Iowa . In 2022, it was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places . Aspen Grove Cemetery was established in 1843. The Aspen Grove Cemetery Association was approved by the Legislature of the Iowa Territory in December 1843 and they first met on January 3, 1844. Charles Starker, the first president of the Cemetery Association, designed and laid out
200-529: A citizen's dividend paid for by a land value tax in an April 1885 speech at a Knights of Labor local in Burlington, Iowa titled "The Crime of Poverty", and later in an interview with former U.S. House Representative David Dudley Field II from New York's 7th congressional district published in the July 1885 edition of the North American Review : As an English friend of mine puts it: No taxes and
300-626: A land value tax . Iowa's nickname, " The Hawkeye State ," has its roots in Burlington. At Judge David Rorer's suggestion, publisher James G. Edwards changed The Iowa Patriot newspaper's name to The Hawk-Eye and Iowa Patriot in tribute to his friend, Chief Black Hawk . Rorer is said to have found the name in James Fenimore Cooper 's The Last of the Mohicans , but Edwards proposed the nickname to "...rescue from oblivion [ sic ]
400-454: A single tax on land values would create a more productive and just society. His most famous work, Progress and Poverty (1879), sold millions of copies worldwide. The treatise investigates the paradox of increasing inequality and poverty amid economic and technological progress, the business cycle with its cyclic nature of industrialized economies, and the use of rent capture such as land value taxation and other anti-monopoly reforms as
500-513: A brief description in his journal: This town [was] originally called Flint Hill- the Indian name was Shoquokon, Flint or Rock Hill. [It is] beautifully elevated, situated on the west side of the Mississippi River, a place of very considerable business. The town is very well built. Houses are good, generally taste[ful], brick dwellings. A great many handsome residences on the more elevated parts of
600-470: A building near the Burlington high school. Great River Christian Schools occupies the old Prospect Hill Elementary School building, 426 Harrison St. A third middle school building once existed on the edge of Perkins Park, named Horace Mann, that building was gutted by fire in 2005, and later razed. The school district offices are located near the corner of West Avenue, and White Street, in a large mansion once owned by Railroad tycoon Charles Elliott Perkins , and
700-404: A family was $ 40,912. Males had a median income of $ 33,238 versus $ 23,003 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,450. About 10.0% of families and 12.6% of the population was below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over. Burlington's roots are in transportation and manufacturing. Manufacturing plants are among the largest employers in
800-531: A female householder with no spouse or partner present and 21.3% had a male householder with no spouse or partner present. 42.2% of all households were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years old or older. The median age in the city was 41.6 years. 24.2% of the residents were under the age of 20; 5.5% were between the ages of 20 and 24; 24.0% were from 25 and 44; 25.4% were from 45 and 64; and 20.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
900-404: A financial dispute with U.S. Senator John P. Jones . Unable to find work or provide for his family, George wrote to Governor Irwin, who rewarded him with the office of State Inspector of Gas Meters. George held that office from 1876 to 1880, during which he was able to write Progress and Poverty . Around the same time, the anti-Chinese Workingmen's Party led by Denis Kearney was seeing
1000-420: A flash it came over me that there was the reason of advancing poverty with advancing wealth. With the growth of population, land grows in value, and the men who work it must pay more for the privilege. Furthermore, on a visit to New York City, he was struck by the apparent paradox that the poor in that long-established city were much worse off than the poor in less developed California. These observations supplied
1100-511: A general store. In November and December, he surveyed the settlement for White and Doolittle. In the spring of 1834 they allowed John Gray, who purchased the first lot with his wife Eliza Jane, to rename the town for $ 50. Gray chose to name it Burlington in honor of his hometown in Vermont . The Grays' daughter Abigail was born in Burlington that same year, the first European-descended American settler child born on Iowa soil. In 1837, Burlington
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#17328516532261200-405: A global speaking tour concerning land rights and the relationship between rent and poverty. This stroke greatly weakened him, and he never truly recovered. Despite this, George tried to remain active in politics. Against the advice of his doctors, George campaigned for New York City mayor again in 1897, this time as an Independent Democrat, saying, "I will make the race if I die for it." The strain of
1300-447: A great injustice that private profit was being earned from restricting access to natural resources while productive activity was burdened with heavy income taxes, and he indicated that such a system was equivalent to slavery . This is also the work in which he made the case for a land value tax in which governments would tax the value of the land itself, thus preventing private interests from profiting upon its mere possession but allowing
1400-411: A horseback ride and stopped to rest while overlooking San Francisco Bay . He later wrote of the revelation that he had: I asked a passing teamster, for want of something better to say, what land was worth there. He pointed to some cows grazing so far off that they looked like mice, and said, "I don't know exactly, but there is a man over there who will sell some land for a thousand dollars an acre." Like
1500-428: A large portion of the cemetery. Initially, ten acres were purchased in 1844 and an additional eight acres were purchased shortly after. In 1866, 32 more acres were purchased for the cemetery. Between 1867 and 1875, the cemetery had 2,173 interments. By 1887, the cemetery had near 9,000 interments. By 1935, the cemetery had 32,000 interments and had expanded to around 100 acres. By 1930, the cemetery started expanding to
1600-425: A less significant form of monopoly than the owners of land title deeds, partly because he viewed the owners of locations as "the robber that takes all that is left." People could choose not to buy a specific new product, but they cannot choose to lack a place upon which to stand, so benefits gained for labor through lesser reforms would tend to eventually be captured by owners and financers of location monopoly. George
1700-491: A major issue in federal politics and his book Protection or Free Trade was the first book to be read entirely into the Congressional Record . It was read by five Democratic congressmen. In 1997, Spencer MacCallum wrote that Henry George was "undeniably the greatest writer and orator on free trade who ever lived." In 2009, Tyler Cowen wrote that George's 1886 book Protection or Free Trade "remains perhaps
1800-549: A meeting, calling George a martyr. The New York Times reported that later in the evening, an organized funeral procession of about 2,000 people left from the Grand Central Palace and made its way through Manhattan to the Brooklyn Bridge . This procession was "all the way ... thronged on either side by crowds of silent watchers." The procession then went on to Brooklyn , where the crowd at Brooklyn City Hall "was
1900-501: A meteoric rise in popularity. George supported the party and endorsed their platform, but took issue with Kearney himself. When California's Second Constitutional Convention was called in 1878, George was nominated as a delegate on both the Democratic and Workingmen's tickets, but lost the latter's nomination after he refused to recognize Kearney as leader of the party. While an anti-Kearney faction still nominated him, his refusal to toe
2000-581: A momento [ sic ], at least of the name of the old chief." Burlington was a bustling river port in the steamboat era and a central city to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad . The "Burlington Route" (1848–1970) merged into the Burlington Northern Railroad (1970–1996), which in turn merged into the BNSF Railway (1997–present). The "Burlington" name has been given to one of
2100-459: A monopoly over specific arrangements and interactions of materials, governed by the forces of nature, allowed title-holders to extract royalty-rents from producers, in a way similar to owners of ordinary land titles. George later supported limited copyright, on the ground that temporary property over a unique arrangement of words or colors did not in any way prevent others from laboring to make other works of art. George apparently ranked patent rents as
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#17328516532262200-793: A number of buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places , among them the Burlington Apartments (listed as the Hotel Burlington), the Burlington Railroad Depot, the Des Moines County Courthouse, the Burlington Fire Department central station, the Port of Burlington building, Memorial Auditorium, River Park Place (as Burlington Mercy Hospital), the former Burlington Police Department building. It
2300-545: A pension and disability system, and an unconditional basic income from surplus land rents. It would be distributed to residents "as a right" instead of as charity. Georgists often refer to this policy as a citizen's dividend in reference to a similar proposal by Thomas Paine . George noted that most debt, though bearing the appearance of genuine capital interest, was not issued for the purpose of creating true capital, but instead as an obligation against rental flows from existing economic privilege. George therefore reasoned that
2400-490: A pension for everybody; and why should it not be? To take land values for public purposes is not really to impose a tax, but to take for public purposes a value created by the community. And out of the fund which would thus accrue from the common property, we might, without degradation to anybody, provide enough to actually secure from want all who were deprived of their natural protectors or met with accident, or any man who should grow so old that he could not work. All prating that
2500-518: A place of considerable trade. The city is well built [in the] modern style, a very intelligent population... The river here is over 3/4 of mile wide and steam ferry boats constantly plying between this and the Illinois shore. In April 1885, economist Henry George gave a speech titled "The Crime of Poverty" at the Burlington Knights of Labor local advocating for a citizen's dividend paid for by
2600-466: A remedy for these and other social problems. Other works by George defended free trade , the secret ballot , free (at marginal cost) public utilities/transportation provided by the capture of their resulting land rent uplift, Pigouvian taxation , and public ownership of other natural monopolies. George was a journalist for many years, and the popularity of his writing and speeches brought him to run for election as Mayor of New York City in 1886 . As
2700-541: A very interesting thing that in times of war, we blockade our enemies in order to prevent them from getting goods from us. In time of peace we do to ourselves by tariffs what we do to our enemy in time of war." George was one of the earliest and most prominent advocates of the secret ballot in the United States. Harvard historian Jill Lepore asserts that Henry George's advocacy is the reason Americans vote with secret ballots today. George's first article in support of
2800-544: Is a transportation system owned and operated by the City of Burlington. Routes service nearly all areas of Burlington, and nearly 90% of all residents live within three city blocks of a bus route. Burlington Trailways provides daily intercity bus service from its West Burlington hub. Amtrak , the national passenger rail system, provides service to Burlington , operating its California Zephyr daily in both directions between Chicago , Illinois, and Emeryville , California, across
2900-590: Is found in Progress and Poverty : "We must make land common property." By taxing land values , society could recapture the value of its common inheritance, raise wages, improve land use, and eliminate the need for taxes on productive activity. George believed it would remove existing incentives toward land speculation and encourage development, as landlords would not suffer tax penalties for any industry or edifice constructed on their land and could not profit by holding valuable sites vacant. Broadly applying this principle
3000-408: Is heard from some quarters about its hurting the common people to give them what they do not work for is humbug. The truth is, that anything that injures self-respect, degrades, does harm; but if you give it as a right, as something to which every citizen is entitled to, it does not degrade. Charity schools do degrade children that are sent to them, but public schools do not. George proposed to create
3100-796: Is nicknamed " The White House ," due to the whitewashed facade. The original High School building (which now serves as the School District Maintenance shops) is noted as being the first high school built west of the Mississippi River. Burlington is also served by Southeastern Community College . The Burlington Public Library serves the community. Burlington, Iowa is served by the following local media outlets: Burlington's radio stations include WQKQ 92.1 FM, KAYP 89.9 FM, KKMI 93.5 FM, KCDM 98.3 FM, KDMG 103.1 FM, KBKB 101.7 FM, KHDK 97.3 FM, KGRS 107.3 FM, KCPS 1150 AM, KBKB 1360 AM, and KBUR 1490 AM. Burlington residents also listen to stations in nearby communities, most notably,
Aspen Grove Cemetery (Burlington, Iowa) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3200-510: Is now commonly known as " Georgism ." In George's time, it was known as the "single-tax" movement and sometimes associated with movements for land nationalization, especially in Ireland. However, in Progress and Poverty , George did not favor the idea of nationalization. I do not propose either to purchase or to confiscate private property in land. The first would be unjust; the second, needless. Let
3300-514: Is on the historic brick street named Snake Alley. The 276-foot-long Snake Alley has five switchbacks in a 60-foot climb. The average grade is 12.5 percent in that one block. Burlington has been the finishing point for RAGBRAI twice. the annual bicycle ride that starts at the Missouri River in western Iowa and ends in eastern Iowa at the Mississippi River . Burlington is also the home of
3400-704: Is perhaps best known for Snake Alley, the most crooked street in the US. (as Burlington Paper Company), The Capitol Theater , First Congregational Church , St. Paul's Catholic Church and several others. The downtown skyline is noted for its several church spires. Burlington is the home of the Burlington Bees baseball team, a member of the Prospect League , a collegiate summer baseball league. They were previously members of Minor League Baseball 's Class A Midwest League until Major League Baseball 's reorganization of
3500-512: Is served by the Burlington Community School District , which has five elementary schools, one intermediate school, one middle school, one high school and one alternative high school . Private education is also available for kindergarten through 12th grade at Notre Dame Catholic School and Great River Christian School (GRCS). In 1833 the first school facility for Burlington opened in a log cabin. School District No. 2 of
3600-551: Is the home of Snake Alley , the crookedest street in the world. Prior to European settlement, the area was neutral territory for the Sac and Fox Native American tribes, who called it Shoquoquon ( Shok-ko-kon ), meaning Flint Hills. In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson organized two parties of explorers to map the Louisiana Purchase . The Lewis and Clark Expedition followed the Missouri River , while Lt. Zebulon Pike followed
3700-707: The Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia. George chafed at his religious upbringing and left the academy without graduating. Instead he convinced his father to hire a tutor and supplemented this with avid reading and attending lectures at the Franklin Institute . His formal education ended at age 14, and he went to sea as a foremast boy at age 15 in April 1855 on the Hindoo , bound for Melbourne and Calcutta . He ended up in
3800-489: The Mississippi River from Big Island and staked claims there. According to an account A.T. Andreas wrote in 1875, White erected a cabin in the area, later platted to be Front Street between Court and High streets. Andreas called White and Doolittle the Romulus and Remus of their settlement, referring to the mythic heroes who founded Rome, a city surrounded by hills. A few weeks later, William R. Ross joined them and established
3900-596: The Mississippi River . In 1805, Pike landed at the bluffs below Burlington and raised the United States Flag for the first time on what would become Iowa soil and recommended construction of a fort. The recommendation went unheeded. The American Fur Company of John Jacob Astor established a post in the area in 1829. Settlement began in 1833, shortly after the Black Hawk Purchase , when Samuel (aka Simpson) White, Amzi Doolitle, and Morton M. McCarver crossed
4000-542: The Quad Cities . Burlington previously had a local TV station, KJMH. It signed on August 2, 1984, from a tower on Winegard Drive. It also had studios in Burlington. Initially an independent station, it became a charter FOX affiliate in 1986, but suffered from duplication from KLJB in the Quad Cities. In 1996, the station became a full-time satellite of KLJB, marking the end of local broadcast TV in Burlington. Today, those in
4100-654: The United Labor Party nominee in 1886 and in 1897 as the Jefferson Democracy Party nominee, he received 31 percent and 4 percent of the vote respectively and finished ahead of former New York State Assembly minority leader Theodore Roosevelt in the first race. After his death during the second campaign, his ideas were carried forward by organizations and political leaders through the United States and other Anglophone countries. The mid-20th century labor economist and journalist George Soule wrote that George
Aspen Grove Cemetery (Burlington, Iowa) - Misplaced Pages Continue
4200-581: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 15.24 square miles (39.47 km ), of which 14.48 square miles (37.50 km ) is land and 0.76 square miles (1.97 km ) is water. As of the census of 2020, there were 23,982 people, 10,629 households, and 6,145 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,663.8 inhabitants per square mile (642.4/km ). There were 12,016 housing units at an average density of 833.7 per square mile (321.9/km ). The racial makeup of
4300-424: The 2010–11 school year, students who had attended Oak Street Middle School (an aging building that was completed around 1907) began attending Aldo Leopold (named in honor of ecologist, and environmentalist, Aldo Leopold , a former resident of Burlington, and author of " A Sand County Almanac "), the new school building is located near the corner of Sunnyside Avenue, and Roosevelt Avenue. Edward Stone, which opened at
4400-549: The American West in 1858 and briefly considered prospecting for gold but instead started work the same year in San Francisco as a type setter . In California, George fell in love with Annie Corsina Fox from Sydney, Australia. They met on her seventeenth birthday on October 12, 1860. She had been orphaned and was living with an uncle. The uncle, a prosperous, strong-minded man, was opposed to his niece's impoverished suitor. But
4500-480: The Burlington High School and Notre Dame High School sports teams. Also in the Burlington area are the sports teams of Southeastern Community College, which have had a successful history, including three men's basketball national championships. Many people living in the area support athletic teams from Saint Louis, Missouri , differing from other parts of Iowa, which support other sports teams. Burlington
4600-522: The Burlington-Oquawka area receive local over-the-air programming from stations in the Quad Cities (the city's main television market), Quincy , and Ottumwa , including the stations listed below. The town is served by U.S. Route 34 , which is the freeway that bisects the city, and U.S. Route 61 . Iowa Highways 99 and 406 served the town before they were decommissioned in 2003. The two still exist as county roads. Burlington Urban Service (B.U.S.)
4700-522: The Democratic nomination for State Assembly . However, he refused to pay the party’s assessment fee, and was therefore ineligible for consideration. Despite this setback, he remained active in the California Democratic Party . Governor Henry Huntly Haight , impressed by the young journalist, recruited George to manage the party’s newspaper in Sacramento , and in 1871 he served as secretary of
4800-477: The Democratic state convention as it renominated Haight. Later that year, he finally received the party’s nomination for State Assembly, but was defeated alongside the rest of the ticket in a Republican landslide . In the 1875 election , George campaigned for Democrat William Irwin , who handily won thanks to Republican vote splitting. A few months later, George was forced to give up the Evening Post due to
4900-650: The Railroad Will Bring Us." George argued that the boom in railroad construction would benefit only the lucky few who owned interests in the railroads and other related enterprises, while throwing the greater part of the population into abject poverty. This had led to him earning the enmity of the Central Pacific Railroad 's executives, who helped defeat his bid for election to the California State Assembly . One day in 1871 George went for
5000-542: The State and nation and to the United States Senate, and an honor to himself; a man whose heart beats in sympathy with the great body of the people; a man who is eminently like unto that greatest of modern men—Abraham Lincoln; a man who, if the people were to select, would be selected as the champion of their rights; a man—a man who has already gained a national reputation as the ablest political economist of America, standing
5100-550: The Township of Burlington was established on March 29, 1849. The Burlington School District has five elementary schools: North Hill, Sunnyside, Grimes, Corse and Black Hawk. All are new buildings or have been recently completely rehabilitated, the newest, North Hill Elementary, received its first students in 2009, there are no elementary school buildings within the school district that are over 40 years old. The district has two middle schools: Edward Stone and Aldo Leopold. Beginning with
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#17328516532265200-628: The United States that produces the Case Loader/Backhoe , giving Burlington the nickname " Backhoe Capital of the World ." Case is now a division of the Italian holding group CNH Industrial . Employment at Case peaked in the 1980s, according to the Des Moines Register , then declined after "Case initiated a wave of buyouts and early retirements in the 1990s and early 2000s, and ended the contract with
5300-575: The United States' largest railroads. One of BNSF's main east-west lines, the Ottumwa subdivision, still crosses the Mississippi at Burlington. In 1970, the community had its highest ever population. In the late twentieth century, retail expanded with suburbanization of the population. After purchasing Benner Tea, Aldi opened its first store in the United States at Burlington in 1976. Westland Mall opened in nearby West Burlington in 1977. According to
5400-546: The area, including companies such as American Ordnance LLC , Case Corporation , ABB (formerly General Electric ), Champion Spark Plugs , Shearer's Foods and Winegard Company. The largest employer in the area is the Great River Medical Center. Among the oldest businesses in Burlington, the Murray factory (now Murray Turbomachinery and owned by Dresser-Rand ) which has been in operation in Burlington since before 1900,
5500-405: The average family size was 4.94. Age spread: 24.5% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 33,770, and the median income for
5600-419: The banking system but believed that would actually be an economic boon, since the financial sector, in its existing form, was mostly augmenting rent extraction, as opposed to productive investment. "The curse of credit," George wrote, was "... that it expands when there is a tendency to speculation, and sharply contracts just when most needed to assure confidence and prevent industrial waste." George even said that
5700-650: The bay from San Francisco. The older Burlington and Missouri River Railroad Passenger Station exists nearby and is also listed on the NRHP. The Southeast Iowa Regional Airport ( IATA code BRL ), is located about five miles south of downtown. Quad City International Airport , the area's large international airport, is approximately 70 miles north of the city, in Moline, Illinois . Burlington has one sister city , as designated by Sister Cities International : Henry George Henry George (September 2, 1839 – October 29, 1897)
5800-451: The best-argued tract on free trade to this day." Jim Powell said that Protection or Free Trade was probably the best book on trade written by anyone in the Americas, comparing it to Adam Smith 's Wealth of Nations . Milton Friedman said it was the most rhetorically brilliant work ever written on trade. Friedman also paraphrased one of George's arguments in favor of free trade: "It's
5900-468: The bluff. The number of inhabitants between 3,000 and 3,500. ... Was the first seat of government after the formation of the Territory of Iowa. The view of the city is extremely picturesque from the river. The main part of the city is situated like an amphitheater formed by the surrounding hills, beautiful buildings and private residences on the eminences around. From the location of Burlington it must always be
6000-887: The campaign precipitated a second stroke, leading to his death four days before the election. An estimated 100,000 people visited Grand Central Palace during the day to see Henry George's face, with an estimated equal number crowding outside, unable to enter, and held back by police. After the Palace doors closed, the Reverend Lyman Abbott , Father Edward McGlynn , Rabbi Gustav Gottheil , R. Heber Newton (Episcopalian), and John Sherwin Crosby delivered addresses. Separate memorial services were held elsewhere. In Chicago, five thousand people lined up to hear memorial addresses by former Illinois governor John Peter Altgeld and John Lancaster Spalding . Mayor Strong broke down and cried at
6100-528: The city empty, but other businesses have moved into them; PPG , maker of auto safety glass has moved into the former CAT plant, and a warehouse has moved into the former Leopold building. In March 2012, the Des Moines Register reported that "Unemployment here is 7.6 percent, compared with the 5.4 percent state average". In 2022 Ben Jacobs of The New Republic wrote that the area's economy had more problems related to late 20th century globalization compared to that of Dubuque, Iowa . The downtown area holds
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#17328516532266200-567: The city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. As of the 2010 census , there were 25,663 people, 10,938 households, and 6,693 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,772.3 inhabitants per square mile (684.3/km ). There were 11,899 housing units at an average density of 821.8 per square mile (317.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 81.2% White , 14.2% African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.8% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.7% from other races , and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of
6300-436: The city was 81.1% White , 9.5% Black or African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.9% Asian , 0.0% Pacific Islander , 1.4% from other races and 6.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino persons of any race comprised 3.8% of the population. Of the 10,629 households, 25.6% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 8.7% were cohabitating couples, 32.6% had
6400-427: The city. The population density was 1,910.1 inhabitants per square mile (737.5/km ). There were 11,985 housing units at an average density of 853.0 per square mile (329.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 86.6% White , 10.0% African American , 0.33% Native American , 0.66% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.90% from other races , and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.06% of
6500-423: The couple, defying him, eloped and married on December 3, 1861, with Henry dressed in a borrowed suit and Annie bringing only a packet of books. The marriage was a happy one, and four children were born to them. On November 3, 1862, Annie gave birth to Henry George Jr. (1862–1916), a future United States Representative from New York. Early on, even with the birth of future sculptor Richard F. George (1865–1912),
6600-508: The densest ever seen there." There were "thousands on thousands" at City Hall who were so far back that they could not see the funeral procession pass. It was impossible to move on any of the nearby streets. The Times wrote, "Rarely has such an enormous crowd turned out in Brooklyn on any occasion," but that nonetheless, "[t]he slow tolling of the City Hall bell and the regular beating of drums were
6700-561: The excommunication of Father Edward McGlynn , and many who disagreed with George's free trade policy. George had particular trouble with Terrence V. Powderly , president of the Knights of Labor , a key member of the United Labor coalition. While initially friendly with Powderly, George vigorously opposed the tariff policies which Powderly and many other labor leaders thought vital to the protection of American workers. George's strident criticism of
6800-501: The family was near starvation. George's other two children were both daughters. The first was Jennie George, (c. 1867–1897), later to become Jennie George Atkinson. George's other daughter was Anna Angela George (1878-1947), who would become mother of both future dancer and choreographer Agnes de Mille and future actress Peggy George , who was born Margaret George de Mille. Following the birth of his second child, George had no work and no money and had to beg for food. As he approached
6900-562: The first well-dressed stranger he saw in the street, George, normally a lawful man, decided to rob him if he was unwilling to help. Fortunately, the man took pity on him and gave him five dollars. George was raised as an Episcopalian, but he believed in "deistic humanitarianism". His wife Annie was Irish Catholic , but Henry George Jr. wrote that the children were mainly influenced by Henry George's deism and humanism . After deciding against gold mining in British Columbia, George
7000-498: The individuals who now hold it still retain, if they want to, possession of what they are pleased to call their land. Let them continue to call it their land. Let them buy and sell, and bequeath and devise it. We may safely leave them the shell, if we take the kernel. It is not necessary to confiscate land; it is only necessary to confiscate rent. George considered businesses relying on exclusive right-of-way land privilege to be "natural" monopolies . Examples of these services included
7100-554: The minor leagues after the 2020 season. The Bees play at Community Field , which underwent extensive renovation in 2005. Burlington hosts the Snake Alley Criterium , one of the most physically challenging races in the Midwest. The annual event is held on a 15-block course, with differences in elevation from 555 feet to 678 feet. The course is entirely on city streets, mostly in the downtown commercial area. A one-block-long climb
7200-466: The more conservative New York Sun wrote that, "Since the Civil War, few announcements have been more startling than that of the sudden death of Henry George." Flags were placed at half-staff, even at Tammany Hall, which cancelled its rally for the day. Henry George is best known for his argument that the economic rent of land (location) should be shared by society. The clearest statement of this view
7300-422: The north, laying out roads closer to Sunnyside Avenue. Burlington, Iowa Burlington is a city in, and the county seat of, Des Moines County, Iowa , United States. The population was 23,982 in the 2020 census , a decline from the 26,839 population in 2000 . Burlington is the center of a micropolitan area , which includes West Burlington and Middletown, Iowa , and Gulfport, Illinois . Burlington
7400-476: The only sounds that broke the stillness. ... Anything more impressive ... could not be imagined." At Court Street, the casket was transferred to a hearse and taken to a private funeral at Fort Hamilton . Commentators disagreed on whether it was the largest funeral in New York history or the largest since the death of Abraham Lincoln . The New York Times reported, "Not even Lincoln had a more glorious death." Even
7500-413: The original building on Central St. and Washington St. which was divided by the local train tracks, was recently razed. Another long-lived business is Case Corporation , which has been at its current location on Des Moines Avenue, approximately a quarter-mile from the Mississippi River, since 1937. The first backhoes rolled off the assembly line at the Burlington plant in 1957, which is now the only plant in
7600-491: The party line cost him the election, though he still polled the highest of any Democrat in the district. When the California State Legislature convened in 1881 to elect a U.S. Senator , State Senator Warren Chase nominated George. In his nomination speech, Chase eulogized George as follows: He has in knowledge of American and European history no superior in this State. He is a man who can be an honor to
7700-653: The peer of John Stuart Mill, Ricardo and Adam Smith, and all the writers of history on political economy. George only received two votes out of 40 cast in the State Senate ; one from Chase, and the other from fellow Workingmen's Senator Joseph C. Gorman . In 1880, now a popular writer and speaker, George moved to New York City, becoming closely allied with the Irish nationalist community despite being of English ancestry. From there he made several speaking journeys abroad to places such as Ireland and Scotland where access to land
7800-441: The population. There were 10,938 households, of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.8% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
7900-408: The population. There were 11,102 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and
8000-603: The secret ballot was entitled "Bribery in Elections" and was published in the Overland Review of December 1871. His second article was "Money in Elections," published in the North American Review of March 1883. The first secret ballot reform approved by a state legislature was brought about by reformers who said they were influenced by George. The first state to adopt the secret ballot, also called The Australian Ballot,
8100-495: The start of the 2012–13 school year, is located near the corner of Lawrence Drive and Mason Road. The middle school was named in honor of former JPL head, and Burlington educated Dr. Edward Stone . This building replaced the James Madison Middle School building, which has only been in the system since the mid-1960s. These two new middle schools were built to accommodate more students after a third building, Horace Mann,
8200-558: The state should not provide aid to creditors in the form of sheriffs, constables, courts, and prisons to enforce collection on these illegitimate obligations. George did not provide any data to support this view, but in today's developed economies, much of the supply of credit is created to purchase claims on future land rents, rather than to finance the creation of true capital. Michael Hudson and Adair Turner estimate that about 80 percent of credit finances real estate purchases, mostly land. George acknowledged that this policy would limit
8300-522: The tariff set him against Powderly and others in the labor movement. In 1897 , George again ran for mayor of New York City. However, he had his fatal stroke during the campaign. During George's life, communities in Delaware and Alabama were developed based on his single tax on land and this legacy continued through applications in a number of areas around the world, including Australia, New Zealand and Taiwan . George's first stroke occurred in 1890, after
8400-435: The theme and title for his 1879 book Progress and Poverty , which was a great success, selling over three million copies. In it George made the argument that a sizeable portion of the wealth created by social and technological advances in a free market economy is possessed by land owners and monopolists via economic rents , and that this concentration of unearned wealth is the main cause of poverty. George considered it
8500-497: The total cost of those investments . George used the example of urban buildings that provide free vertical transit, paid out of some of the increased value that residents derive from the addition of elevators. George was opposed to or suspicious of all intellectual property privilege, because his classical definition of "land" included "all natural forces and opportunities." Therefore, George proposed to abolish or greatly limit intellectual property privilege. In George's view, owning
8600-714: The transportation of utilities (water, electricity, sewage), information (telecommunications), goods, and travelers. George advocated that these systems of transport along "public ways" should usually be managed as public utilities and provided for free or at marginal cost . In some cases, it might be possible to allow competition between private service providers along public "rights of way," such as parcel shipping companies that operate on public roads, but wherever competition would be impossible, George supported complete municipalization . George said that these services would be provided for free because investments in beneficial public goods always tend to increase land values by more than
8700-734: The union in 2004"; but in May 2010, the Register reports, Case announced that "it will open a new line that builds corn-picker heads for combines, as early as [Spring, 2012]" and that by mid-2013 it will add more than 200 positions. Over the last several years, several businesses have either left the area or relocated elsewhere. These businesses include Exide , makers of vehicle batteries, CAT , Case Corporation's closest competitor in American made construction equipment, and Lehigh-Leopold, makers of office furniture. This has left some former manufacturing plants around
8800-543: The value of all improvements made to that land to remain with investors. George was in a position to discover this pattern, having experienced poverty himself, knowing many different societies from his travels, and living in California at a time of rapid growth. In particular he had noticed that the construction of railroads in California was increasing land values and rents as fast as or faster than wages were rising. George first ran for public office in 1869, when he sought
8900-517: Was (and still is) a major political issue. In 1886 , George campaigned for mayor of New York City as the candidate of the United Labor Party, the short-lived political society of the United Labor Party . He polled second, more than the Republican candidate Theodore Roosevelt . The election was won by Tammany Hall candidate Abram Stevens Hewitt by what many of George's supporters believed
9000-437: Was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.89. The median age in the city was 39.7 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 26.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 26,839 people, 11,102 households, and 7,105 families residing in
9100-484: Was Massachusetts in 1888 under the leadership of Richard Henry Dana III. By 1891, more than half the states had adopted it too. George supported the use of "debt free" (sovereign money) currency, such as the greenback , which governments would spend into circulation to help finance public spending through the capture of seigniorage rents. He opposed the use of metallic currency, such as gold or silver, and fiat money created by private commercial banks. George advocated
9200-504: Was an American political economist and journalist. His writing was immensely popular in 19th-century America and sparked several reform movements of the Progressive Era . He inspired the economic philosophy known as Georgism , the belief that people should own the value they produce themselves, but that the economic value of land (including natural resources ) should belong equally to all members of society. George famously argued that
9300-488: Was by far "the most famous American economic writer" and "author of a book which probably had a larger world-wide circulation than any other work on economics ever written." George was born in Philadelphia to a lower-middle-class family, the second of ten children of Richard S. H. George and Catharine Pratt George (née Vallance). His father was a publisher of religious texts and a devout Episcopalian , and he sent George to
9400-612: Was designated the second territorial capital of the Wisconsin Territory . The Iowa Territory was organized in the following year, and Burlington was named as its first territorial capital. The government used "Old Zion," the first Methodist Church in Iowa (located near what is now Third and Washington streets), to conduct its business. A historical marker commemorates the site of the church and early territorial government. On May 22, 1849, Maj. William Williams visited Burlington, writing
9500-446: Was eventually forced to go to the streets to beg. The George family struggled, but George's improving reputation and involvement in the newspaper industry lifted them from poverty. George began as a Lincoln Republican , then eventually became a Democrat . He was a strong critic of railroad and mining interests, corrupt politicians, land speculators, and labor contractors. He first articulated his views in an 1868 article entitled "What
9600-426: Was fraud. In the 1887 New York state elections , George came in a distant third in the election for Secretary of State of New York . The United Labor Party was soon weakened by internal divisions: the management was essentially Georgist, but as a party of organized labor it also included some Marxist members who did not want to distinguish between land and capital , many Catholic members who were discouraged by
9700-537: Was gutted by fire in 2005. Burlington Community High School was constructed in 1968, and occupied the following year, with the first graduating class in June 1970. Prior to that, the high school students were educated at the former Apollo High School building located near the downtown business district; the building is still standing and for a time served as Burlington Alternative High School, but has been unoccupied since 1996. Notre Dame High School and Elementary schools occupy
9800-525: Was hired as a printer for the newly created San Francisco Times . He was able to immediately submit editorials for publication, including the popular What the Railroads Will Bring Us (1868), which remained required reading in California schools for decades. George climbed the ranks of the Times , eventually becoming managing editor in the summer of 1867. George's first nationally prominent writing
9900-595: Was his 1869 essay The Chinese in California , in which he wrote that Chinese immigration should be ended before Chinese immigrants overrun the western United States. George worked for several papers, including four years (1871–1875) as editor of his own newspaper, the San Francisco Daily Evening Post , and for a time running the Reporter , a Democratic anti-monopoly publication. George experienced four tough years of trying to keep his newspaper afloat and
10000-442: Was opposed to tariffs , which were at the time both the major method of protectionist trade policy and an important source of federal revenue, the federal income tax having not yet been introduced. He argued that tariffs kept prices high for consumers, while failing to produce any increase in overall wages. He also believed that tariffs protected monopolistic companies from competition, thus augmenting their power. Free trade became
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