The Fly River is the third longest river on the island of New Guinea , after the Sepik and Mamberamo , with a total length of 1,060 km (660 mi). It is the largest by volume of discharge in Oceania , the largest in the world without a single dam in its catchment, and overall the 20th-largest primary river in the world by discharge volume. It is located in the southwest of Papua New Guinea and in the South Papua province of Indonesia . It rises in the Victor Emanuel Range arm of the Star Mountains , and crosses the south-western lowlands before flowing into the Gulf of Papua in a large delta . The Fly–Strickland River system has a total length of 1,220 km (760 mi), making it the longest river system of an island in the world. The 824 km (512 mi) Strickland is the longest and largest tributary of Fly River, making it the farthest distance source of the Fly River.
23-587: 54°12′00″N 2°50′28″W / 54.200°N 2.841°W / 54.200; -2.841 The Arnside Bore is a tidal bore on the estuary of the River Kent in England , United Kingdom . The bore occurs at high tides, especially spring tides , where the incoming tide of Morecambe Bay narrows into the river estuary, opposite the village of Arnside . [REDACTED] Media related to Arnside Bore at Wikimedia Commons This Cumbria location article
46-399: A common point (the “apex”). The distributary channels are 5 to 15 m in depth, separated by elongate, sand-mud islands that are stabilized by lush mangrove vegetation. The islands are eroded and rebuilt rapidly in the apex area, where they have lateral migration rates of up to 150 m/a, with slower rates for the more seaward islands. Upstream from the apex the river gradually narrows to
69-415: A large tidal range (typically more than 6 meters (20 ft) between high and low tide) and where incoming tides are funneled into a shallow, narrowing river or lake via a broad bay. The funnel-like shape not only increases the tidal range, but it can also decrease the duration of the flood tide , down to a point where the flood appears as a sudden increase in the water level. A tidal bore takes place during
92-414: A tidal bore are the intense turbulence and turbulent mixing generated during the bore propagation, as well as its rumbling noise. The visual observations of tidal bores highlight the turbulent nature of the surging waters. The tidal bore induces a strong turbulent mixing in the estuarine zone, and the effects may be felt along considerable distances. The velocity observations indicate a rapid deceleration of
115-495: A width of 1.6 km or less. The Fly Delta exhibits a distinctive funnel shape in plan view, attesting to the fundamental role of tidal currents in shaping the Delta's geomorphology. Mean spring tidal ranges are amplified within the delta, from around 3.5 m at the seaward entrance of the distributary channels, reaching a peak of about 5 m at the delta apex. Seismic profiles and radiometrically dated core samples indicate that
138-474: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tidal bore A tidal bore , often simply given as bore in context, is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travels up a river or narrow bay, reversing the direction of the river or bay's current. It is a strong tide that pushes up the river, against the current. Bores occur in relatively few locations worldwide, usually in areas with
161-679: Is a characteristic feature of the advancing roller in which the air bubbles entrapped in the large-scale eddies are acoustically active and play the dominant role in the rumble-sound generation. The word bore derives through Old English from the Old Norse word bára , meaning "wave" or "swell." Tidal bores can be dangerous. Certain rivers such as the Seine in France , the Petitcodiac River in Canada , and
184-1028: Is still undocumented. 8°33′57.1428″S 143°38′26.6892″E / 8.565873000°S 143.640747000°E / -8.565873000; 143.640747000 7°38′47.5008″S 141°21′8.5104″E / 7.646528000°S 141.352364000°E / -7.646528000; 141.352364000 7°35′4.3188″S 141°23′12.7536″E / 7.584533000°S 141.386876000°E / -7.584533000; 141.386876000 7°35′14.5212″S 141°19′25.2228″E / 7.587367000°S 141.323673000°E / -7.587367000; 141.323673000 6°10′5.0088″S 141°6′56.034″E / 6.168058000°S 141.11556500°E / -6.168058000; 141.11556500 6°7′35.3316″S 141°17′48.732″E / 6.126481000°S 141.29687000°E / -6.126481000; 141.29687000 Minimum 300 m /s, maximum 3,500 m /s; Minimum 120 m /s, maximum 3,340 m /s; Minimum 57 m /s, maximum 1,950 m /s; Average, minimum, and maximum discharge of
207-524: The Batang Lupar ), and India (the Hooghly River bore). On the other hand, tidal bore-affected estuaries are rich feeding zones and breeding grounds of several forms of wildlife. The estuarine zones are the spawning and breeding grounds of several native fish species, while the aeration induced by the tidal bore contributes to the abundant growth of many species of fish and shrimp (for example in
230-759: The Colorado River in Mexico to name a few, have had a sinister reputation in association with tidal bores. In China, despite warning signs erected along the banks of the Qiantang River , a number of fatalities occur each year by people who take too much risk with the bore. The tidal bores affect the shipping and navigation in the estuarine zone, for example, in Papua New Guinea (in the Fly and Bamu Rivers ), Malaysia (the Benak in
253-970: The Rokan River , Indonesia ). The tidal bores also provide opportunity for recreational inland surfing , such as the Seven Ghosts bore on the Kampar River , Indonesia . Scientific studies have been carried out at the River Dee in Wales in the United Kingdom, the Garonne and Sélune in France, the Daly River in Australia, and the Qiantang River estuary in China. The force of
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#1732852666912276-536: The Fly River at Ogwa : Source: The Flood Observatory Average discharge (m /s): Sediment load: (10 t/year) The main tributaries from the mouth: The delta of the Fly River is over 100 km wide at its entrance, but only 11 km wide at the apex upstream of Kiwai Island . The delta contains three main distributary channels (the Southern, Northern, and Far Northern Entrances) that branch from
299-464: The Pig-nosed turtle due to its odd nose, is notably different from other turtles due to its pig-like nose. The only freshwater turtle to have flippers, the turtle is known to rarely leave water, except in dire circumstances. They are also known to be omnivores who rarely consume meat. The Fly was first discovered by Europeans in 1845 when Francis Blackwood , commanding the corvette HMS Fly , surveyed
322-579: The border south of the Fly River is slightly east of the 141°E longitude line. As part of this deal, Indonesia has the right to use the Fly River to its mouth for navigation. The principal tributaries of the Fly are the Strickland and the Ok Tedi . Close to its mouth, the flow of the Fly River encounters a tidal bore , where an incoming high tide pushes water upstream until the tide changes. The range of this tidal bore
345-480: The delta is prograding seawards at an average rate of about 6 m/a The Fly Delta is considered a global "type case" of a tide-dominated delta and the patterns of sedimentation seen in the delta today have been studied by sedimentary geologists as a model for interpreting the ancient rock record. The river delta is studded with low and swampy islands covered with mangroves and nipa palm, with villages and cultivated areas on these islands. The land on both sides of
368-528: The estuary is of the same character. The islands in the estuary are flat and covered with thick, fertile alluvial soil. The largest islands are Kiwai Island , Purutu Island , Wabuda Island , Aibinio Island , Mibu Island , and Domori Island . Kiwai, Wabuda, and Domori are inhabited. A list of the river delta islands is: The inhabitants of the Fly River delta engage in agriculture and hunting. Coconut palm , breadfruit , plantain , sago palm , and sugar cane are grown. The Fly River turtle , also known as
391-445: The flood tide and never during the ebb tide . A tidal bore may take on various forms, ranging from a single breaking wavefront with a roller — somewhat like a hydraulic jump — to undular bores , comprising a smooth wavefront followed by a train of secondary waves known as whelps . Large bores can be particularly unsafe for shipping but also present opportunities for river surfing . Two key features of
414-480: The flow associated with the passage of the bore as well as large velocity fluctuations. A tidal bore creates a powerful roar that combines the sounds caused by the turbulence in the bore front and whelps, entrained air bubbles in the bore roller, sediment erosion beneath the bore front and of the banks, scouring of shoals and bars, and impacts on obstacles. The bore rumble is heard far away because its low frequencies can travel over long distances. The low-frequency sound
437-540: The flow of the river to the point the tidal bore has nearly disappeared. Lakes with an ocean inlet can also exhibit tidal bores. Fly River The Fly flows mostly through the Western Province of Papua New Guinea and for a small stretch, it forms the international boundary with Indonesia's western New Guinea . This section protrudes slightly to the west of the 141°E longitude line . To compensate for this slight gain in territory for Papua New Guinea,
460-531: The highest tidal range in the world, most rivers draining into the upper bay between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have significant tidal bores. They include: Historically, there was a tidal bore on the Gulf of California in Mexico at the mouth of the Colorado River . It formed in the estuary about Montague Island and propagated upstream. It was once very strong, but diversions of the river for irrigation have weakened
483-702: The island. Both the Strickland and the Ok Tedi Rivers have been the source of environmental controversy due to tailings waste from the Porgera Mine and the Ok Tedi Mine , respectively. Sediment sampling and coring in the distributary channels of the Fly Delta had not detected copper concentrations significantly higher than background as of 1994. In 2008, Ian Campbell, a former advisor to Ok Tedi Mining Limited , claimed that company data suggest significant portions of
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#1732852666912506-553: The tidal bore flow often poses a challenge to scientific measurements, as evidenced by a number of field work incidents in the River Dee, Rio Mearim, Daly River, and Sélune River. Rivers and bays that have been known to exhibit bores include those listed below. The phenomenon is generally named un mascaret in French. but some other local names are preferred. With the Bay of Fundy having
529-477: The western coast of the Gulf of Papua. The river was named after his ship and he proclaimed that it would be possible for a small steam-powered boat to travel up the mighty river. In 1876, Italian explorer, Luigi D'Albertis , was the first person to successfully attempt this when he travelled 900 km into the interior of New Guinea, in his steamer, Neva . It was the furthest any European explorer had ever been into
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