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39-595: (Redirected from Anti-Germans ) Anti-German may refer to: Anti-Germans (political current) , a branch of anti-nationalist ideology in Germany Anti-German sentiment , suspicion or hostility towards Germany or the German people Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Anti-German . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

78-612: A Constituent Assembly formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the liberation of Italy . Liberation Day is a national holiday in Italy that commemorates the victory of the Italian resistance movement against Nazi Germany and the Italian Social Republic , puppet state of the Nazis and rump state of

117-563: A new Fascism . During an internal debate, representatives of the majority tendency said that the minority current, due to its bleak analysis and unwavering pessimism, might as well just emigrate to the Bahamas. The minority tendency, in an ironic gesture, thus named their discussion organ Bahamas . In 2007 Haaretz described Bahamas as "the leading publication of the hardcore pro-Israel, anti-German communist movement." The phrase Nie wieder Deutschland ("Germany, Never Again"), which became

156-422: A central anti-German slogan, originated in demonstrations against reunification, the largest of which attracted a crowd of approximately 10,000 people. This early alliance dissipated shortly after the process of reunification was complete . The notion of a revival of German nationalism and racism as a result of the reunification seemed to confirm itself over the course of the 1990s, as shown by such events as

195-472: A corresponding growth of anti-fascist movements. In Germany Neo-Nazism was never eradicated, and former Nazis including Reinhard Gehlen and former chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger rose to positions of great power. The Freedom Party of Austria was founded by politicians including former Nazis in 1955. In France, where the far-right National Rally was founded in 1972. In post-WWII Great Britain, skinheads and football hooligans often promoted vehement racism;

234-513: A governing coalition. This circle adopted a position developed by the Kommunistischer Bund, a decidedly pessimistic analysis with regard to the potential for revolutionary change in Germany. Known as the "Fascisation" analysis, this theory held that due to the particularity of German history and development, the endemic crisis of capitalism would lead to a move towards the far right and to

273-465: A modern form of fascism that needed to be stringently opposed. In 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the bombing of Dresden , anti-Germans praised the bombing on the grounds that so many of the city's civilians had supported Nazism. Kyle James points to this as an example of a shift towards support for the United States that became more pronounced after 9/11. Similar demonstrations are annually held,

312-573: A stated goal of the victorious Allies, culminating in processes like the Nuremberg trials and de-Nazification . The onset however, of the Cold War saw the urgency attached to these goals diminish in the face of superpower competition, and anti-fascist activities becoming less prominent. The appearance of rightist political parties and their upsurge since the dissolution of the Soviet Union has stimulated

351-659: The Confessing Church , which had opposed the Nazi co-optation of the Lutheran Church during the 1930s and 1940s. Communists tended to make up at least half of the committees. In the western zones, these anti-fascist committees began to recede by the late summer of 1945, marginalized by Allied bans on political organization and by re-emerging divisions between Communists and others and the emerging state doctrine of anti-communism in what became West Germany . In East Germany ,

390-721: The Deutsch-Israelische Gesellschaft ) have produced many of the anti-antisemitism commissioners hired by German institutions after the 2015 European migrant crisis . Zionist leftists that are (often against their self-designation) linked to the Antideutsche movement in Germany and Austria have been accused of targeting left-wing German Jews and Austrian Jews. According to Haaretz writer Ofri Ilany, "Incensed Germans, some of them descendants of Nazis, don't hesitate to attack Jewish and Israeli left-wingers" and "besmirch Jews" and violate their freedom of expression "under

429-727: The English Defence League was founded in 2009. The Netherlands has seen the rise of a number of rightist parties, starting with the Centre Party , then the NVU , and then the PVV with Geert Wilders and the young Forum voor Democratie . The German right has grown rapidly since the Fall of the Berlin Wall , and the far-right party Alternative for Germany was founded in 2012, followed shortly thereafter by

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468-673: The Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and the Federal Agency for Civic Education , the contemporary Antifa or anti-fascist movement in Germany—the terms are often used interchangeably in German —is composed of multiple far-left , autonomous, militant groups and individuals who describe themselves as anti-fascist . According to the Federal Office for the Protection of

507-805: The German Democratic Republic and the looming reunification of Germany triggered a major crisis within the German Left. The Anti-German tendency first developed in a discussion group known as the Radical Left , which consisted of elements of the German Green Party , Trotskyists, members of the Communist League (Kommunistischer Bund) , the journal konkret , and members of Autonome , Libertarian and Anarchist groups, who rejected plans by other segments of Leftist political organisations to join

546-508: The Republic of Ireland to oppose far-right and alt-right groups such as the National Party , Irish Freedom Party , Identity Ireland and Pegida Ireland, which lack significant public or electoral support but stage occasional rallies and are active online. Anti-Fascist Action (AFA) Ireland is one group, while an alliance called Le Chéile (Irish: "together") was founded in 2020 to combat

585-565: The Rostock-Lichtenhagen riots and a murderous attack on a Turkish family in the West German town of Solingen . This wave of anti-immigrant violence led to tightening of Germany's hitherto liberal asylum laws . As a result of these conflicts, through the 1990s, small groups and circles associated with Anti-German ideas began to emerge throughout Germany, refining their ideological positions by dissenting from prevailing opinions within

624-554: The 1960s and early 1970s which opposed the alleged "fascism" of the West German government. The modern movement largely adopted the aesthetics of the Antifaschistische Aktion during the late Weimar Republic , including the abbreviated name Antifa and a version of its logo, while being ideologically somewhat dissimilar. The first Antifa groups in this tradition were founded by the Maoist Communist League in

663-462: The Anti-German movement as supporting Islamist groups such as Hamas , the Anti-German camp called for unconditional solidarity with Israel, explicitly Jews and other non-Arab groups native to the region against pan-Arabist ideology. This resulted in leading Anti-German publications including Konkret and Bahamas to draw links between the antisemitism of Islamist groups and the antisemitism of

702-526: The Antideutsch movement. According to Sappir, Jewish leftists and other pro-Palestinian voices are marginalized in part because "Antideutsch groups have managed to bully them into silence" and that Jewish leftists "felt very insulted by the idea of calling this struggle 'antisemitic'". Despite accusations of anti-Semitism, there is close collaboration and solidarity between those associated with Antideutsche movement and Zionist leftist Jewish organizations, as e.g.

741-594: The Antifa groups were absorbed into the new Stalinist state. The subsequent post-war history of the anti-fascist movement in Germany includes two distinct traditions, an East German tradition and a tradition that arose in West Germany during the 1970s, both drawing inspiration from the Antifa committees and from the earlier Antifaschistische Aktion of the Weimar Republic . According to German government institutions

780-1185: The Autonome Jüdische Gruppe Berlin or the Jüdische österreichische Hochschüler:innen  [ de ] (representing the Jewish students in Austria). Post-WWII anti-fascism Central Europe Germany Italy Spain ( Spanish Civil War ) Albania Austria Baltic states Belgium Bulgaria Burma Czechia Denmark France Germany Greece Italy Japan Jewish Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Slovakia Spain Soviet Union Yugoslavia Germany Italy Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States Post–World War II anti-fascism , including antifa groups ( / ˈ æ n t i f ɑː , æ n ˈ t iː f ə / ), anti-fascist movements and anti-fascist action networks , saw

819-634: The Communist movement was part of the official ideology and language of the Communist state, and the original Antifaschistische Aktion ("Anti-Fascist Action") of the Communist Party of Germany was considered an important part of the heritage of the governing Socialist Unity Party of Germany ; Eckhard Jesse , director of the Hannah Arendt Institute for the Research on Totalitarianism , notes that

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858-405: The Constitution, the use of the epithet fascist against opponents and the understanding of capitalism as a form of fascism are central to the movement. According to political scientist and Christian Democratic Union politician Tim Peters , the term anti-fascism is primarily used by the far left in contemporary Germany. In Communist East Germany , "anti-fascism" as interpreted within

897-439: The German Left. These positions became particularly prominent within "Anti-fascist" groups. The Gulf War in 1990 consolidated the Anti-German position around a new issue, specifically criticism of the broader Left's failure to side with Israel against rocket attacks launched into civilian areas by the regime of Saddam Hussein . Leading left-wing writers such as Eike Geisel and Wolfgang Pohrt  [ de ] criticised

936-560: The German peace movement for failing to appreciate the threat posed by Ba'athism to left-wing movements through the Middle East , in particular around the Iraqi regime's use of poison gas. The outbreak of the Second Intifada provided another focal point for the emerging Anti-German movement. While other left-wing analysis identified Israel as an aggressor to the point they were perceived by

975-577: The Nazis, as both groups upheld the extermination of the Jews as central to their politics. This break with other left-wing positions was further intensified by the September 11 attacks on America, with Anti-Germans strongly criticising other leftist positions that claimed that Al-Qaeda's assault on the United States was motivated by anti-imperialist or anti-capitalist resistance against American hegemony, instead claiming that Al-Qaeda and their attacks represented

1014-482: The analysis of the genesis of a new national self as the "Aufarbeitungsweltmeister" or "Weltmeister der Vergangenheitsbewältigung " (world champion in dealing with and mastering one's own past evil deeds). Later Anti-German focal points included the Stop The Bomb Coalition , active in both Germany and Austria, to maintain sanctions against Iranian attempts to obtain nuclear weapons. The Anti-Germans (and

1053-413: The anti-immigrant Pegida movement. After the defeat of Nazi Germany , groups called Antifaschistische Ausschüsse , Antifaschistische Kommittees or Antifaschistische Aktion , all typically abbreviated to Antifa, spontaneously re-emerged in Germany in 1944, mainly involving veterans of pre-war KPD , KPO and SPD politics as well as some members of other democratic political parties and

1092-488: The banner of the struggle against anti-Semitism." Left-wing Austrian-Jewish activist Isabel Frey said that "Jews are fetishized in this pseudo-tolerant way and assumed to have unified interests" by the political mainstream in Austria and Germany. According to Frey, "Jewish leftists are being accused of antisemitism by non-Jewish leftists. To me, these accusations are a way of denigrating our Jewish identities, of saying that we’re

1131-400: The contemporary Antifa movement as part of the extreme left and as partially violent , and Antifa groups are monitored by the federal office in the context of its legal mandate to combat extremism ; the federal office states that the underlying goal of the Antifa movement is "the struggle against the liberal democratic basic order " and capitalism. Anti-fascist groups have emerged in

1170-513: The development of political movements describing themselves as anti-fascist and in opposition to fascism . Those movements have been active in several countries in the aftermath of World War II during the second half of the 20th and early 21st century. The immediate aftermath of the Second World War saw Fascism and its ideological successors discredited as the ideologies of the defeated Axis powers , with eradication of Fascist ideologies

1209-591: The early 1970s. Antifa women, dissatisfied with observed sexism in the movement, created the feminist offshoot Fantifa in 1985. From the late 1980s, West Germany's squatter scene and left-wing autonomism movement were the main contributors to the new Antifa movement and in contrast to the earlier movement had a more anarcho-communist leaning. The modern movement has splintered into different groups and factions, including one anti-imperialist and anti-Zionist faction and one anti-German faction who strongly oppose each other. German government institutions describe

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1248-410: The far-right. PhD student Jonathan Arlow has written on the topic, saying "in the absence of effective extreme right forces, anti-fascism acts as a form of prophylactic action. In effect, the aim of this activism is to deny political space to extreme right micro groups before they become a popular force or a more serious political threat." Today's Italian constitution is the result from the work of

1287-687: The fascists, in the Italian Civil War , a civil war in Italy fought during World War II , which takes place on 25 April. The date was chosen by convention, as it was the day of the year 1945 when the National Liberation Committee of Upper Italy (CLNAI) officially proclaimed the insurgency in a radio announcement, propounding the seizure of power by the CLNAI and proclaiming the death sentence for all fascist leaders (including Benito Mussolini , who

1326-407: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-German&oldid=1139362772 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Anti-Germans (political current) The rapid collapse of

1365-619: The main fascist forces in the world by the East German Communist party. For example, from 1961 to 1989, the East German regime used the term "Anti-Fascist Protection Wall" ( German : Antifaschistischer Schutzwall ) as the official name for the Berlin Wall . The contemporary German Antifa movement ultimately has its origins in West Germany, in the student-based Außerparlamentarische Opposition (extra-parliamentary opposition) of

1404-418: The role of victim of German imperialism . Some anti-Germans thus issued a call for "unconditional" support for the regime of Slobodan Milošević . The reasons the German government gave to legitimize the war – from an anti-German perspective – marked a turning point in the discourse of governmental history-policy. The war was not justified "despite but because of Auschwitz". This judgment is often combined with

1443-460: The slogans " Bomber Harris , do it again!" and "Deutsche Täter sind keine Opfer!" ("German perpetrators are no victims!") have become common. The 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was also a focus of opposition for the anti-Germans, as for most of the radical left. Many anti-Germans condemned the war as a repetition of the political constellation of forces during the Second World War , with the Serbs in

1482-590: The term "anti-fascism" was ubiquitous in the language of the East German Communist party, and used to justify repression such as the crackdown on the East German uprising of 1953 . "Antifascism" in East Germany generally meant the struggle against the western world and NATO in general, and against the western-backed Federal Republic of Germany and its main ally the United States in particular, which were seen as

1521-464: The “wrong kind” of Jew. I keep asking myself, are these accusations themselves a kind of antisemitism?" Michael Sappir, an Israeli-born German-Jewish anti-Zionist activist affiliated with Jewish-Israeli descent in Leipzig, has said in +972 Magazine that the experience of being an anti-Zionist Jewish leftist in Germany can be disempowering and "very isolating" because the German left is often associated with

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