The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee , abbreviated as JAC , was an organization that was created in the Soviet Union during World War II to influence international public opinion and organize political and material support for the Soviet fight against Nazi Germany , particularly from the West . It was organized by the Jewish Bund leaders Henryk Erlich and Victor Alter , upon an initiative of Soviet authorities, in fall 1941; both were released from prison in connection with their participation. Following their re-arrest, in December 1941, the Committee was reformed on Joseph Stalin 's order in Kuibyshev in April 1942 with the official support of the Soviet authorities. In 1952, as part of the persecution of Jews in the last year part of Stalin's rule (for example, the " Doctors' plot "), most prominent members of the JAC were arrested on trumped-up spying charges, tortured, tried in secret proceedings, and executed in the basement of Lubyanka Prison . Stalin and elements of the Ministry of State Security were worried about their influence and connections with the West. They were officially rehabilitated in 1988.
40-510: Anti-Fascist Committee may refer to: Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee Finnish Anti-Fascist Committee Anti-Fascist Committee of Cham Immigrants Estonian Anti-Fascist Committee Anti-Fascist Committee of the Soviet Youth Anti-Fascist Committee of National Liberation for Northern Italy Anti-Racist/Anti-Fascist Co-ordinating Committee Topics referred to by
80-671: A tabloid format to the newspaper and distanced itself from the intra-party struggles inside the RSDLP. During those days, Pravda gained a large audience among Russian workers. By 1910, the Central Committee of the RSDLP suggested making Pravda its official organ. At the sixth conference of the RSDLP held in Prague in January 1912, the Menshevik faction was expelled from the party. The party under
120-491: A policy of peace, but a policy of slavery, which would be rejected with disgust by a free people. The offices of the newspaper were transferred to Moscow on 3 March 1918 when the Soviet capital was moved there. Pravda became an official publication, or "organ", of the ruling Soviet Communist Party . Pravda became the conduit for announcing official policy and policy changes and would remain so until 1991. Subscription to Pravda
160-526: A power base for Bukharin, which helped him reinforce his reputation as a Marxist theoretician. Bukharin would continue to serve as editor of Pravda until he and Mikhail Tomsky were removed from their responsibilities at Pravda in February 1929 as part of their downfall as a result of their dispute with Joseph Stalin . A number of places and things in the Soviet Union were named after Pravda . Among them
200-666: A response article in Pravda , referring to the newspaper owned by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. McCain, however, eventually published his op-ed in Pravda.ru . This caused protests from the editor of communist Pravda Boris Komotsky and a response from the editor of Pravda.ru Dmitry Sudakov: Komotsky claimed that "there is only one Pravda in Russia, it is the organ of the Communist Party, and we have heard nothing about
240-477: A unification conference with the internationalist wing of the Mensheviks. On 14 March, Kamenev wrote in his first editorial: What purpose would it serve to speed things up, when things were already taking place at such a rapid pace? On 15 March, he supported the war effort: When army faces army, it would be the most insane policy to suggest to one of those armies to lay down its arms and go home. This would not be
280-581: Is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, and was the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , when it was one of the most influential papers in the country with a circulation of 11 million. The newspaper began publication on 5 May 1912 in the Russian Empire but was already extant abroad in January 1911. It emerged as the leading government newspaper of
320-612: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee Solomon Mikhoels , the popular actor and director of the Moscow State Jewish Theatre , was appointed the JAC chairman. The JAC's newspaper in Yiddish was called Eynigkayt ( אייניקייט "Unity", Cyrillic : Эйникейт ). The JAC broadcast pro-Soviet propaganda to foreign audiences, assuring them of
360-508: Is still run by the CPRF, whereas the online Pravda.ru is privately owned and has international editions published in Russian, English, French, and Portuguese. After a legal dispute between the rival parties, the Russian court of arbitration stipulated that both entities would be allowed to continue using the Pravda name. Though Pravda officially began publication on 5 May 1912 (22 April 1912 OS ),
400-439: The Pravda name. The Pravda paper is today run by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, whereas the online Pravda.ru is privately owned and has international editions published in Russian, English , French and Portuguese . Pravda was a daily newspaper during the Soviet era but nowadays it is published three times a week, and its readership is largely online where it has a presence. Pravda still operates from
440-581: The Soviet Union after the October Revolution . The newspaper was an organ of the Central Committee of the CPSU between 1912 and 1991. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , Pravda was sold by the then Russian president Boris Yeltsin to a Greek business family in 1992, and the paper came under the control of their private company Pravda International. In 1996, there was an internal dispute between
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#1732852788824480-463: The Russian Federation acquired the Pravda paper, while some of the original Pravda journalists separated to form Russia's first online paper (and the first online English paper) Pravda.ru , which is not connected to the Communist Party, but is run by journalists associated with the defunct Soviet Pravda. After a legal dispute between the rival parties, the Russian court of arbitration stipulated that both entities would be allowed to continue using
520-702: The Soviet mass media launched a massive propaganda campaign against " rootless cosmopolitans ", unmistakably aimed at Jews. Markish observed at the time: "Hitler wanted to destroy us physically, Stalin wants to do it spiritually." On 12 August 1952, at least thirteen prominent Yiddish writers were executed in the event known as the " Night of the Murdered Poets " ("Ночь казненных поэтов"). The size of JAC fluctuated with time. According to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn ( 200 Years Together ), it grew to have about 70 members. Pravda Pravda (Russian: Правда , IPA: [ˈpravdə] , lit. 'Truth')
560-721: The US at the outset of the Cold War and this may have contributed to them later being accused of treason and espionage. The contacts with American Jewish organizations resulted in the plan to publish The Black Book of Soviet Jewry simultaneously in the US and the Soviet Union, documenting the Holocaust and participation of Jews in the resistance movement . The Black Book was indeed published in New York City in 1946, but no Russian edition appeared. The typeface galleys were broken up in 1948, when
600-675: The US, $ 15 million in England, $ 1 million in Mexico, $ 750,000 in Mandatory Palestine – other help was also contributed: machinery, medical equipment, medicine, ambulances, clothes. On July 16, 1943, Pravda reported: "Mikhoels and Feffer received a message from Chicago that a special conference of the Joint initiated a campaign to finance a thousand ambulances for the needs of the Red Army ." The visit drew
640-526: The United States was held on July 8 at the Polo Grounds , where 50,000 people listened to Mikhoels, Feffer, Fiorello H. La Guardia , Sholem Asch , and Chairman of World Jewish Congress Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise . Among others, they met Chaim Weizmann , Charlie Chaplin , Marc Chagall , Paul Robeson and Lion Feuchtwanger . In addition to the funds for the Soviet war effort – US$ 16 million raised in
680-760: The absence of antisemitism in the Soviet Union . In 1943, Mikhoels and Itzik Feffer , the first official representatives of the Soviet Jewry allowed to visit the West , embarked on a seven-month tour to the United States, Mexico, Canada and the United Kingdom to increase their support for the Lend-Lease . In the US, they were welcomed by a National Reception Committee chaired by Albert Einstein and by B.Z. Goldberg, Sholem Aleichem 's son-in-law, and American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee . The largest pro-Soviet rally ever in
720-903: The anniversary of Karl Marx 's birth, its origins trace back to 1903 when it was founded in Moscow by a wealthy railway engineer , V.A. Kozhevnikov. Pravda had started publishing in the light of the Russian Revolution of 1905 . At the time when the paper was founded, the name "Pravda" already had a clear historical connotation, since the law code of the Medieval Kievan Rus' was known as Russkaya Pravda ; in this context, "Pravda" meant "Justice" rather than "Truth", "Russkaya Pravda" being "Russian Justice". This early law code had been rediscovered and published by 18th-century Russian scholars, and, in 1903, educated Russians with some knowledge of their country's history could have been expected to know
760-561: The attention of the American public to the necessity of entering the European war. Towards the end and immediately after the war, the JAC became involved in documenting the Holocaust . This ran contrary to the official Soviet policy to present it as atrocities against all Soviet citizens, not acknowledging the specific genocide of the Jews. Committee members had international contacts especially in
800-577: The city of Moscow. Shortly after the October 1917 Revolution, Nikolai Bukharin became the editor of Pravda . Bukharin's apprenticeship for this position had occurred during the last months of his emigration/exile prior to his return to Russia in April 1917. These months from November 1916 until April 1917 were spent by Bukharin in New York City in the United States. In New York, Bukharin divided his time between
840-532: The editorial board of the journal, and, in the near future, also became the active members of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). Because of certain quarrels between Kozhevnikov and the editorial board, he had asked them to leave and the Menshevik faction of the RSDLP took over as the editorial board. But the relationship between them and Kozhevnikov
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#1732852788824880-583: The intentions of the Republican senator" and dismissed Pravda.ru as an "Oklahoma-City-Pravda", while Sudakov derided Komotsky, claiming that "the circulation of the Communist Party Pravda is like a factory newspaper of AvtoVAZ from the Soviet times". McCain later attempted to publish his op-ed in the Communist Pravda as well, but the paper refused to publish it "because it was not aligned to
920-424: The leadership of Vladimir Lenin decided to make Pravda its official party organ. The paper was shifted from Vienna to St. Petersburg and the first issue under Lenin's leadership was published on 5 May 1912 (22 April 1912 OS). It was the first time that Pravda was published as a legal political newspaper. The Central Committee of the RSDLP, workers and individuals such as Maxim Gorky provided financial help to
960-492: The liberal Russian Provisional Government . However, when Lev Kamenev , Joseph Stalin and former Duma deputy Matvei Muranov returned from Siberian exile on 12 March, they took over the editorial board – starting from 15 March. Under Kamenev's and Stalin's influence, Pravda took a conciliatory tone towards the Provisional Government – "insofar as it struggles against reaction or counter-revolution" – and called for
1000-408: The local libraries and his work for Novyj Mir (The New World) a Russian language newspaper serving the Russian speaking community of New York. Bukharin's involvement with Novyj Mir became deeper as time went by. Indeed, from January 1917 until April when he returned to Russia, Bukharin served as de facto editor of Novyj Mir . In the period after the death of Lenin in 1924, Pravda was to form
1040-600: The most minute details and nuances. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union Pravda was sold by Russian President Boris Yeltsin to a Greek business family – the Giannikoses – in 1992, and the paper came under the control of their private company Pravda International. In 1996, there was an internal dispute between the owners of Pravda International and some of the Pravda journalists which led to Pravda splitting into different entities. The Communist Party of
1080-787: The name Pravda were used both for a number of national newspapers ( Komsomolskaya Pravda was the organ of the Komsomol organization, and Pionerskaya Pravda was the organ of the Young Pioneers ), and for the regional Communist Party newspapers in many republics and provinces of the USSR, e.g. Kazakhstanskaya Pravda in Kazakhstan , Polyarnaya Pravda in Murmansk Oblast , Pravda Severa in Arkhangelsk Oblast , or Moskovskaya Pravda in
1120-412: The name. During its earliest days, Pravda had no political orientation. Kozhevnikov started it as a journal of arts, literature and social life. Kozhevnikov was soon able to form up a team of young writers including A.A. Bogdanov , N.A Rozhkov , M.N Pokrovsky , I.I Skvortsov-Stepanov , P.P Rumyantsev and M.G. Lunts, who were active contributors on 'social life' section of Pravda . Later, they became
1160-536: The newspaper, its readers and party members, representatives of other communist media organisations. Gennady Zyuganov made a speech, and congratulatory messages were received from Russian president Dmitry Medvedev and Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko . In 2013, after Russian President Vladimir Putin published an op-ed in The New York Times in support of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad , US senator John McCain announced that he would publish
1200-504: The newspaper. The first issue published on 5 May cost two kopecks and had four pages. It had articles on economic issues, workers movement, and strikes , and also had two proletarian poems. M.E. Egorov was the first editor of St. Petersburg Pravda and Member of State Duma of the Russian Empire Nikolay Poletaev [ ru ] served as its publisher. Egorov was not a real editor of Pravda but this position
1240-520: The outbreak of World War I , the paper was closed down by tsarist authorities in July 1914. Over the next three years, it changed its name eight times because of police harassment: The abdication of Emperor Nicholas II during the February Revolution of 1917 allowed Pravda to reopen. The original editors of the newly revived Pravda , Vyacheslav Molotov and Alexander Shlyapnikov , were opposed to
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1280-417: The owners of Pravda International and some of the Pravda journalists that led to Pravda splitting into different entities. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) acquired the Pravda paper, while some of the original Soviet Pravda journalists separated to form Russia's first online paper Pravda Online (now Pravda.ru ), which is not connected to the Communist Party. The Pravda paper
1320-591: The political situation of Soviet Jewry deteriorated. In January 1948, Mikhoels was killed in Minsk by Ministry of State Security agents who staged the murder as a car accident. The members of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee were arrested. They were charged with disloyalty, bourgeois nationalism , cosmopolitanism, and planning to establish Jewish autonomy in Crimea to serve US interests. In January 1949,
1360-595: The same headquarters at Pravda Street in Moscow from where journalists used to work on Pravda during the Soviet era. It operates under the leadership of journalist Boris Komotsky , who is also a member of the Russian State Duma . On 5 May 2012, Pravda marked its centenary, with a grand celebration at the Trade Unions house organised by the Communist Party. The gala was attended by the former and current employees of
1400-440: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Anti-Fascist Committee . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Committee&oldid=546131426 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1440-463: Was also a bitter one. The Ukrainian political party Spilka , which was also a splinter group of the RSDLP, took over the journal as its organ. Leon Trotsky was invited to edit the paper in 1908, and the paper was moved to Vienna in 1909. By then, the editorial board of Pravda consisted of hard-line Bolsheviks who sidelined the Spilka leadership soon after it shifted to Vienna. Trotsky had introduced
1480-493: Was mandatory for state run companies, the armed services and other organizations until 1989. Other newspapers existed as organs of other state bodies. For example, Izvestia , which covered foreign relations , was the organ of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union , Trud was the organ of the state-controlled trade union movement, Bednota was distributed to the Red Army and rural peasants. Various derivatives of
1520-428: Was pseudo in nature. As many as 42 editors had followed Egorov within a span of two years, till 1914. The main task of these editors was to go to jail whenever needed and to save the party from a huge fine. On the publishing side, the party had chosen only those individuals as publishers who were sitting members of Duma because they had parliamentary immunity. Initially, it had sold between 40,000 and 60,000 copies. With
1560-429: Was regarded – both by Soviet citizens and by the outside world – as a government mouthpiece and therefore a reliable reflection of the Soviet government's positions on various issues. The publication of an article in Pravda could be taken as indication of a change in Soviet policy or the result of a power struggle in the Soviet leadership, and Western Sovietologists were regularly reading Pravda and paying attention to
1600-653: Was the city of Pravdinsk in Gorky Oblast (the home of a paper mill producing much newsprint for Pravda and other national newspapers), and a number of streets and collective farms . As the names of the main communist newspaper and the main Soviet newspaper, Pravda and Izvestia , meant "the truth" and "the news" respectively, a popular saying was "there's no news in Pravda and no truth in Izvestia". Though not highly appreciated as an objective and unbiased news source, Pravda
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