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15-920: The Akhalkalaki uezd was a county ( uezd ) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire , and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia , with its administrative centre in Akhalkalak (present-day Akhalkalaki ). The county bordered the Gori uezd to the north, the Borchaly uezd to the east, the Alexandropol uezd of the Erivan Governorate and the Kars and Ardahan okrugs of

30-586: A knyaz and, starting from the 17th century, by voyevodas . In 1708, an administrative reform was carried out by Peter the Great , dividing Russia into governorates . The subdivision into uyezds was abolished at that time but was reinstated in 1727, as a result of Catherine I 's administrative reform . By the USSR administrative reform of 1923–1929, most of the uezds were transformed into raions (districts). In UkSSR , uezds were reformed into forty okruhas which were

45-464: A modern equivalent of both volosts and uezds. Volosts were governed by volost administration ( волостное правление , volostnoye pravleniye ), which consisted of the electable chief of volost ( volostnoy starshina ), chiefs of villages (village starostas ) and other officials electable by the Volost Assembly (волостной сход, volostnoy skhod ). Volost Court was the court electable by

60-427: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Armenia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . 41°24′20″N 43°29′10″E  /  41.40556°N 43.48611°E  / 41.40556; 43.48611 Uezd Originally describing groups of several volosts , they formed around the most important cities. Uezds were ruled by the appointees ( namestniki ) of

75-852: The Kars Oblast to the south, and the Akhaltsikhe uezd to the west. The area of the county roughly corresponded to the contemporary Samtskhe–Javakheti region of Georgia . The territory of the Akhalkalaki uezd , then part of the Akhaltsikhe uezd , entered into the Kutais Governorate of the Russian Empire following the Russo-Turkish War of 1828 . By 1874, the Akhkalaki uezd was detached from

90-599: The uezd , of the initial 80,000 Armenians in 1918, 30,000 died whilst the surviving 40,000 still in the district were affected by famine and concubinage. Lord Curzon during the Paris Peace Conference discussions on the fate of the independent Transcaucasian republics assessed the ethnographic situation in the southwestern uezd s of the Tiflis Governorate: On the grounds of nationality, therefore, these districts ought to belong to Armenia, but they command

105-459: The 16th century it was a part of provincial districts that were called " uezd " in Muscovy and the later Russian Empire . Each uezd had several volosts that were subordinated to the uezd city. After the abolition of Russian serfdom in 1861, volost became a unit of peasant 's local self-rule . A number of mirs are united into a volost, which has an assembly consisting of elected delegates from

120-536: The Volost Assembly, which could handle smaller civil and criminal cases. It could sentence people to corporal punishment , fine or short-term incarceration . In modern Russia, Veps National Volost existed in the Republic of Karelia during 1996-2004. There were also volosts in Olonets Raion of Karelia during 1993-2004, e.g., Nurmolsky selsoviet Нурмольский сельсовет based on Nurmolitsy  [ ru ]

135-646: The heart of Georgia strategically, and on the whole it would seem equitable to assign them to Georgia, and give their Armenian inhabitants the option of emigration into the wide territories assigned to the Armenians towards the south-west. The subcounties ( uchastoks ) of the Akhalkalaki uezd in 1913 were as follows: According to the Russian Empire Census , the Akhalkalaki uezd had a population of 72,709 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 37,903 men and 34,806 women. The majority of

150-651: The hitherto larger Akhaltsikhe uezd , becoming a constituent county of the Tiflis Governorate. Following the Russian Revolution , the Akhalkalaki uezd was incorporated into the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia , however, it was strongly disputed by the Democratic Republic of Armenia which also claimed the county on the grounds of history and ethnography. As a result of the Ottoman occupation of

165-510: The lands of Ruthenia , volost was a name for the territory ruled by the knyaz , a principality; either as an absolute ruler or with varying degree of autonomy from the Velikiy Knyaz ( Grand Prince ). Starting from the end of the 14th century, volost was a unit of administrative division in Grand Duchy of Lithuania , Poland , Muscovy , lands of modern Latvia and Ukraine. Since about

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180-500: The mirs. These elect an elder ( starshina ) and, hitherto, a court of justice ( volostnoy sud ). The self-government of the mirs and volosts was, however, tempered by the authority of the police commissaries ( stanovoi ) and by the power of general oversight given to the nominated "district committees for the affairs of the peasants". Volosts were abolished by the Soviet administrative reform of 1923–1929. Raions may be roughly called

195-461: The population indicated Armenian to be their mother tongue, with significant Tatar, Georgian , and Russian speaking minorities. According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar , the Akhalkalaki uezd had a population of 107,173 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 56,140 men and 51,033 women, 106,307 of whom were the permanent population, and 866 were temporary residents: This Georgia location article

210-627: The primary-level of administrative division from 1925 to 1930. In the Baltic governorates the type of division was known as Kreis. The uezds of Bessarabia Governorate were called Ținut or Județ in Romanian , which would translate as "county". The Ukrainian word for uezd is povit ( Ukrainian : повіт , plural повіти , povity ). Volost Volost ( Belarusian : во́ласць , romanized :  volasts ; Russian : во́лость [ˈvoɫəsʲtʲ] ; Ukrainian : во́лость )

225-476: Was a traditional administrative subdivision in Kievan Rus' , the Grand Duchy of Moscow , and the Russian Empire . The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890–1907) states that the origins of the concept is unclear: whether it originally referred to an administrative subdivision or to a peasant obshchina , the term referring to a territory under a single rule. In earlier East Slavic history, in

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