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25-514: Aihui may refer to: Aihui District , in Heihe, Heilongjiang, China Aigun , or Aihui town, historic town of China in northern Manchuria, in Aihui District Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Aihui . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

50-1531: A 184.3 kilometres (114.5 mi) border with Russia , and faces the Russian city of Blagoveshchensk . Aihui is divided into 4 subdistricts , 3 towns , 5 townships , 3 ethnic townships , and 23 other township-level divisions . The district's four subdistricts are Huayuan Subdistrict  [ zh ] (花园街道), Xing'an Subdistrict  [ zh ] (兴安街道), Hailan Subdistrict  [ zh ] (海兰街道), and Xixing Subdistrict  [ zh ] (西兴街道). The district's three towns are Xigangzi  [ zh ] (西岗子镇), Aihui (瑷珲镇), and Handaqi  [ zh ] (罕达汽镇). The district's five townships are Xingfu Township  [ zh ] (幸福乡), Shangmachang Township  [ zh ] (上马厂乡), Zhangdiyingzi Township  [ zh ] (张地营子乡), Xifengshan Township  [ zh ] (西峰山乡), and Erzhan Township  [ zh ] (二站乡). The district's three ethnic townships are Sijiazi Manchu Ethnic Township  [ zh ] (四嘉子满族乡, Manchu : ᠰᡟ ᡥᡳᠶᠠ ᠰᡳ᠋ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡠᡴᠰᡠᡵᠠ ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ), Kunhe Daur and Manchu Ethnic Township  [ zh ] (坤河达斡尔族满族乡, Manchu : ᡴᡡᠨ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ ᡩᠠᡥᡡᡵ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡠᡴᠰᡠᡵᠠ ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ), and Xinsheng Oroqen Ethnic Township  [ zh ] (新生鄂伦春族乡). The district also has 23 other township-level divisions, which include mines, farms, forestry areas, and other similar operations which have township-level status. About 18,500 persons (9.4% of

75-571: A county-level unit), while the former Heihe Prefecture ( 黑河地区 ) became Heihe Prefecture-level City (which consists of Aihui District and a number of counties). This administrative division has been in effect ever since. The Fabiela River  [ zh ] and the Gongbiela River  [ zh ] both run through the district. Much of the district is forested, particularly in the west. The primary trees of Aihui District are larch , red pine , poplar , and birch . The district shares

100-569: A democratic South Africa on 27 April 1994, under a new constitution . The South African authorities established ten Bantustans in South West Africa (present-day Namibia ), then illegally occupied by South Africa, in the late 1960s and early 1970s in accordance with the Odendaal Commission . Three of them were granted self-rule. These Bantustans were replaced with separate ethnicity-based governments in 1980. The Republic of Kuwait

125-483: A foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate. Puppet states differ from allies , who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by

150-433: A foreign power. Puppet states are "endowed with the outward symbols of authority", such as a name, flag , anthem , constitution , law codes , motto , and government, but in reality are appendages of another state which creates, sponsors or otherwise controls the puppet government. International law does not recognise occupied puppet states as legitimate . Puppet states can cease to be puppets through: The term

175-522: A nation came into existence where sovereignty was connected more to the people who inhabited the land than to the nobility who owned the land. An earlier similar concept is suzerainty , the control of the external affairs of one state by another. The Batavian Republic was established in the Netherlands under French revolutionary protection. In Italy, the French First Republic encouraged

200-679: A proliferation of small republics in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, known as sister republics . In Eastern Europe, Napoleon 's First French Empire established the Polish client state of the Duchy of Warsaw . In 1896, Britain established a state in Zanzibar . During Japan's imperial period , and particularly during the Pacific War (parts of which are considered the Pacific theatre of World War II ),

225-557: Is a metaphor which compares a state or government to a puppet controlled by a puppeteer with strings. The first recorded use of the term "puppet government" was in 1884, in reference to the Khedivate of Egypt . In the Middle Ages , vassal states existed based on delegation of the rule of a country by a king to noble men of lower rank. Since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the concept of

250-633: The Indonesian National Revolution . Following the Belgian Congo 's independence as Congo-Leopoldville in 1960, Belgian interests supported the short-lived breakaway State of Katanga (1960–1963). Indonesia established a Provisional Government of East Timor following its invasion of East Timor in December 1975. During the 1970s and 1980s, four ethnic Bantustans - some of which were extremely fragmented - called "homelands" by

275-580: The People's Republics in Poland , Romania , Czechoslovakia , Bulgaria , Hungary , and Albania were dominated by the Soviet Union . While all of these People's Republics did not "officially" take power until after WWII ended, they all have roots in pro-communist wartime governments. Yugoslavia was a communist state closely linked to the Soviet Union, but Yugoslavia retained autonomy within its own borders. After

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300-499: The Tang dynasty . To fend off military Russian military forces invading the area, Qing dynasty forces were stationed in present-day Aihui in 1683. In 1685, the city of Aihui ( simplified Chinese : 瑷珲 ; traditional Chinese : 璦琿 ; pinyin : Àihuī ) was built on orders from the Yamen of Heilongjiang . In the subsequent two centuries since its founding, Aihui served as one of

325-533: The Tito–Stalin split in 1948, the relationship between the two countries deteriorated significantly. Yugoslavia was expelled from the international organisations of the Eastern Bloc . After Stalin's death and a period of de-Stalinization by Nikita Khrushchev , peace was restored, but the relationship between the two countries was never completely mended. Yugoslavia continued to pursue independent policies and became

350-501: The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, most of its former satellites moved towards democratisation. Only China, Cuba, Laos , and Vietnam remain one-party communist states. In 1992, all references to Marxism–Leninism in the constitution of North Korea were dropped by the Supreme People's Assembly and replaced with Juche . In 2009, the constitution was quietly amended to not only remove all Marxist–Leninist references from

375-512: The Imperial Japanese government established a number of dependent states. Several European governments under the domination of Germany and Italy during World War II have been described as "puppet régimes". The formal means of control in occupied Europe varied greatly. These states fall into several categories. The Axis demand for oil and the concern of the Allies that Germany would look to

400-425: The area's Chinese characters were changed from Aihui ( simplified Chinese : 瑷珲 ; traditional Chinese : 璦琿 ; pinyin : Àihuī ) to the present Aihui ( simplified Chinese : 爱辉 ; traditional Chinese : 愛輝 ; pinyin : Àihuī ), due to the uncommon nature of the former name's characters. The area of present-day Aihui has been occupied on-and-off by various Chinese dynasties dating back to

425-668: The district, as does the Bei'an-Heihe railway . Formally part of Oroqen Banner in Inner Mongolia but administered de facto by Daxing'anling Prefecture in Heilongjiang. Puppet state List of forms of government A puppet state , puppet régime , puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty , except that

450-806: The entire population) belong to ethnic minorities. Aihui is home to 26 different ethnic groups, including Han Chinese , Manchu , Hui , Daur , Oroqen , Korean , and Mongol populations. As of the 1990s, the village of Dawujia ( Chinese : 大五家子屯 ), located in the district, remained one of the few pockets where the Manchu language was commonly spoken. The district is home to proven reserves of 69 different types of minerals. Provel coal reserves total 1.1 billion tons, proven gold reserves are 80 tons, proven silicon reserves are 1 million tons, and proven limestone reserves total 12 million tons. There are also sizable reserves of marble , basalt , perlite , and quartz sand . National Highway 202 runs through

475-454: The first draft, but also drop all references to communism . In some cases, the process of decolonisation has been managed by the decolonising power to create a neo-colony , that is a nominally independent state whose economy and politics permits continued foreign domination. Neo-colonies are not normally considered puppet states. The Netherlands formed several puppet states in the former Dutch East Indies as part of its effort to quell

500-602: The founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement . The Soviet Union continued to exert some influence over the People's Republic of China before the Sino-Soviet split in 1961. Some other countries which once were Soviet puppet governments included Mongolia , North Korea , North Vietnam , the reunified Vietnam and Cuba , all of which had substantial dependence on the Soviet economy, military, science, and technology. After

525-662: The government of the time, were carved out of South Africa and given nominal sovereignty . Mostly Xhosa people resided in the Ciskei and Transkei , Tswana people in Bophuthatswana , and Venda people in the Venda . The principal purpose of these states was to remove South African citizenship from the Xhosa, Tswana, and Venda peoples, and so provide grounds for denying them their democratic rights. All four Bantustans were reincorporated into

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550-864: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aihui&oldid=932675991 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Aihui District Aihui has undergone a number of name changes throughout its history, including Aihui ( simplified Chinese : 瑷珲 ; traditional Chinese : 璦琿 ; pinyin : Àihuī ), Aihun ( simplified Chinese : 艾浑 ; traditional Chinese : 艾渾 ; pinyin : Àihún ), Aihu ( simplified Chinese : 艾浒 ; traditional Chinese : 艾滸 ; pinyin : Àihǔ ), and Aihu ( simplified Chinese : 爱呼 ; traditional Chinese : 愛呼 ; pinyin : Àihū ). Most recently, in 1956,

575-602: The most important towns of Northern Manchuria . Following the Boxer Rebellion the city was briefly occupied by Russia, until 1906, when it was returned to the Qing dynasty. In 1913, Aihui incorporated as Aihui County ( simplified Chinese : 瑷珲县 ; traditional Chinese : 璦琿縣 ; pinyin : Àihuī Xiàn ). From December 1934 to 1945, the city was ruled by the Japanese puppet-state of Manchukuo . On December 11, 1956,

600-663: The oil-rich Middle East for a solution, caused the invasion of Iraq by the United Kingdom and the invasion of Iran by the UK and the Soviet Union. Pro-Axis governments in both Iraq and Iran were removed and replaced with Allied-dominated governments. As Soviet forces prevailed over the German Army on the Eastern Front during World War II, the Soviet Union supported the creation of communist governments throughout Eastern Europe. Specifically,

625-454: Was renamed Aihui County ( simplified Chinese : 爱辉县 ; traditional Chinese : 愛輝縣 , pronunciation unchanged). On November 15, 1980, Heihe City was created, and on June 6, 1983, Aihui County was abolished, being merged into the Heihe City. To further complicate the situation, in 1993 the former Heihe City (a county-level administrative unit) was reorganized into Aihui District (also

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