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50-468: It is home to the Swiss College of Agriculture (SHL). Zollikofen has an area of 5.39 km (2.08 sq mi). Of this area, 2.39 km (0.92 sq mi) or 44.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.68 km (0.26 sq mi) or 12.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.27 km (0.88 sq mi) or 42.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.07 km (17 acres) or 1.3%

100-445: A Fachhochschule ). Of the 1,508 who completed tertiary schooling, 67.6% were Swiss men, 23.8% were Swiss women, 5.3% were non-Swiss men and 3.3% were non-Swiss women. The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten , followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following

150-432: A blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms , flag or similar emblem , from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb to blazon means to create such a description. The visual depiction of a coat of arms or flag has traditionally had considerable latitude in design, but a verbal blazon specifies the essentially distinctive elements. A coat of arms or flag is therefore primarily defined not by

200-455: A Crown proper with bands Azure (for Fiume ); over all an escutcheon Barry of eight Gules and Argent impaling Gules on a Mount Vert a Crown Or issuant therefrom a double-Cross Argent (for Hungary ) . The field of a shield in heraldry can be divided into more than one tincture , as can the various heraldic charges . Many coats of arms consist simply of a division of the field into two contrasting tinctures. These are considered divisions of

250-458: A French or an anglicised form: for example, a cross pattée or a cross patty ; a cross fitchée or a cross fitchy . In modern English blazons, the anglicised form tends to be preferred. Where the French form is used, a problem may arise as to the appropriate adjectival ending, determined in normal French usage by gender and number. "To describe two hands as appaumées , because the word main

300-622: A Marten proper beneath a six-pointed star Or (for Slavonia ); IV. per Fess Azure and Or over all a Bar Gules in the Chief a demi-Eagle Sable displayed addextré of the Sun-in-splendour and senestré of a Crescent Argent in the Base seven Towers three and four Gules (for Transylvania ); enté en point Gules a double-headed Eagle proper on a Peninsula Vert holding a Vase pouring Water into the Sea Argent beneath

350-447: A complex coat of arms. Other armorial objects and devices – such as badges , banners , and seals – may also be described in blazon. The noun and verb blazon (referring to a verbal description) are not to be confused with the noun emblazonment , or the verb to emblazon , both of which relate to the graphic representation of a coat of arms or heraldic device. The word blazon is derived from French blason , ' shield ' . It

400-528: A different mother language than the classroom language. As of 2000, there were 166 students in Zollikofen who came from another municipality, while 312 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Zollikofen is home to the BFH Schweizerische Hochschule für Landwirtschaft SHL library. The library has (as of 2008) 8,058 books or other media, and loaned out 3,231 items in the same year. It

450-479: A different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 28 primary classes and 538 students. Of the primary students, 32.0% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 44.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 13 lower secondary classes with a total of 217 students. There were 30.9% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 36.4% have

500-453: A long distance and could be easily remembered. They therefore served the main purpose of heraldry: identification. As more complicated shields came into use, these bold shapes were set apart in a separate class as the "honorable ordinaries". They act as charges and are always written first in blazon. Unless otherwise specified they extend to the edges of the field. Though ordinaries are not easily defined, they are generally described as including

550-478: A pattern of vertical (palewise) stripes is called paly . A pattern of diagonal stripes may be called bendy or bendy sinister , depending on the direction of the stripes. Other variations include chevrony , gyronny and chequy . Wave shaped stripes are termed undy . For further variations, these are sometimes combined to produce patterns of barry-bendy , paly-bendy , lozengy and fusilly . Semés, or patterns of repeated charges, are also considered variations of

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600-497: A picture but rather by the wording of its blazon (though in modern usage flags are often additionally and more precisely defined using geometrical specifications). Blazon is also the specialized language in which a blazon is written, and, as a verb, the act of writing such a description. Blazonry is the art, craft or practice of creating a blazon. The language employed in blazonry has its own vocabulary , grammar and syntax , which becomes essential for comprehension when blazoning

650-459: A shield, so the rule of tincture can be ignored. For example, a shield divided azure and gules would be perfectly acceptable. A line of partition may be straight or it may be varied. The variations of partition lines can be wavy, indented, embattled, engrailed, nebuly , or made into myriad other forms; see Line (heraldry) . In the early days of heraldry, very simple bold rectilinear shapes were painted on shields. These could be easily recognized at

700-689: Is any object or figure placed on a heraldic shield or on any other object of an armorial composition. Any object found in nature or technology may appear as a heraldic charge in armory. Charges can be animals, objects, or geometric shapes. Apart from the ordinaries, the most frequent charges are the cross – with its hundreds of variations – and the lion and eagle . Other common animals are stags , wild boars , martlets , and fish . Dragons , bats , unicorns , griffins , and more exotic monsters appear as charges and as supporters . Animals are found in various stereotyped positions or attitudes . Quadrupeds can often be found rampant (standing on

750-419: Is either rivers or lakes. Of the developed area, industrial buildings made up 4.1% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 27.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 8.0%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.2%. Out of the forested land, 11.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 33.2%

800-655: Is feminine in French, savours somewhat of pedantry. A person may be a good armorist, and a tolerable French scholar, and still be uncertain whether an escallop-shell covered with bezants should be blazoned as bezanté or bezantée". The usual convention in English heraldry is to adhere to the feminine singular form, for example: a chief undée and a saltire undée , even though the French nouns chef and sautoir are in fact masculine. Efforts have been made to ignore grammatical correctness, for example by J. E. Cussans , who suggested that all French adjectives should be expressed in

850-538: Is found in English by the end of the 14th century. Formerly, heraldic authorities believed that the word was related to the German verb blasen ' to blow (a horn) ' . Present-day lexicographers reject this theory as conjectural and disproved. Blazon is generally designed to eliminate ambiguity of interpretation, to be as concise as possible, and to avoid repetition and extraneous punctuation. English antiquarian Charles Boutell stated in 1864: Heraldic language

900-401: Is four, but the principle has been extended to very large numbers of "quarters". The third common mode of marshalling is with an inescutcheon , a small shield placed in front of the main shield. The field of a shield, or less often a charge or crest, is sometimes made up of a pattern of colours, or variation . A pattern of horizontal (barwise) stripes, for example, is called barry , while

950-521: Is most concise, and it is always minutely exact, definite, and explicit; all unnecessary words are omitted, and all repetitions are carefully avoided; and, at the same time, every detail is specified with absolute precision. The nomenclature is equally significant, and its aim is to combine definitive exactness with a brevity that is indeed laconic . However, John Brooke-Little , Norroy and Ulster King of Arms , wrote in 1985: "Although there are certain conventions as to how arms shall be blazoned ... many of

1000-809: Is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . The Bern Switzerland Temple (formerly the Swiss Temple) a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (sometimes called the LDS Church). Though the building is located in Münchenbuchsee , its postal address is assigned to Zollikofen. It was the first LDS temple to be built in Europe and the first to be built outside of the United States and Canada . The temple

1050-415: Is used for growing crops and 10.4% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Bern, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess Argent two Lions rampant combatant the dexter Gules maned Or and

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1100-532: The BDP Party (15.3%) and the FDP (11.8%). In the federal election, a total of 3,809 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 55.9%. As of  2011, Zollikofen had an unemployment rate of 3.17%. As of 2008, there were a total of 4,776 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 145 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 16 businesses involved in this sector. 1,211 people were employed in

1150-637: The Conservative Democratic Party (BDP). In the 2011 election, the two neophyte parties BDP and Green Liberal Party (GLP) were successful, each receiving 5.4% of the popular vote. Both the GLP and the BDP have gained the required five seats to form their own parliamentary groups , suggesting a split of the centrist CVP/EVP/glp group . All other major parties lost votes, the Swiss People's Party (SVP) for

1200-680: The Federal Assembly were to be elected: all 200 seats in the National Council and all 46 seats in the Council of States . Voter turnout was 49.1%, compared to 48.9% in 2007. At the last election, in 2007 , the Swiss People's Party (SVP) won the highest share of the vote ever recorded for a single party in Switzerland, with 29% of the vote. Soon after, a moderate faction split from the SVP, forming

1250-473: The canton , the label , and flaunches . Ordinaries may appear in parallel series, in which case blazons in English give them different names such as pallets, bars, bendlets, and chevronels. French blazon makes no such distinction between these diminutives and the ordinaries when borne singly. Unless otherwise specified an ordinary is drawn with straight lines, but each may be indented, embattled, wavy, engrailed, or otherwise have their lines varied. A charge

1300-528: The coat of arms of Nunavut , for which a round shield is specified). The main conventions of blazon are as follows: Because heraldry developed at a time when English clerks wrote in Anglo-Norman French , many terms in English heraldry are of French origin. Some of the details of the syntax of blazon also follow French practice: thus, adjectives are normally placed after nouns rather than before. A number of heraldic adjectives may be given in either

1350-409: The cross , the fess , the pale , the bend , the chevron , the saltire , and the pall . There is a separate class of charges called sub-ordinaries which are of a geometrical shape subordinate to the ordinary. According to Friar, they are distinguished by their order in blazon. The sub-ordinaries include the inescutcheon , the orle , the tressure, the double tressure, the bordure , the chief ,

1400-466: The secondary sector and there were 75 businesses in this sector. 3,420 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 261 businesses in this sector. In 2008 there were a total of 4,019 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 116, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,137 of which 814 or (71.6%) were in manufacturing and 298 (26.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in

1450-737: The National Council, while the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland and Swiss Party of Labour lost their single seats. Other minor groups which gathered more than 0.1% of the popular vote are: the Swiss Pirate Party (0.48%), the Swiss Democrats (0.20%), parteifrei.ch (0.19%) and Tierpartei Schweiz (0.15%). The elections of the Council of States are done by a plurality voting system . 27 out of 46 seats were determined on

1500-557: The arms small and inconspicuous marks called brisures , similar to charges but smaller. They are placed on the fess-point , or in-chief in the case of the label. Brisures are generally exempt from the rule of tincture . One of the best examples of usage from the medieval period is shown on the seven Beauchamp cadets in the stained-glass windows of St Mary's Church , Warwick. 2011 Swiss federal election Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 23 October 2011. All of

1550-401: The construction rate of new housing units was 0.3 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2011, was 1.25%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The Archiv Schweizer Milchproduzenten , (Archive of Swiss Milk Production) and Reichenbach Castle are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance . The hamlet of Büelikofen / Graben

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1600-414: The field per pale and putting one whole coat in each half. Impalement replaced the earlier dimidiation  – combining the dexter half of one coat with the sinister half of another – because dimidiation can create ambiguity. A more versatile method is quartering , division of the field by both vertical and horizontal lines. As the name implies, the usual number of divisions

1650-405: The field. The Rule of tincture applies to all semés and variations of the field. Cadency is any systematic way to distinguish arms displayed by descendants of the holder of a coat of arms when those family members have not been granted arms in their own right. Cadency is necessary in heraldic systems in which a given design may be owned by only one person at any time, generally the head of

1700-588: The first time since the 1987 elections . With 26.6% of the popular vote, the SVP is still the strongest party by a comfortable margin, but the 2011 elections marked the end of its rapid growth during the period of 1995–2007. Of the small parties (below 5 seats), the Evangelical People's Party received 2.0% of the vote (+0.4%), retaining its two seats. The Ticino League received 0.8% of the vote (+0.2%) and gains one seat, now holding two. The Christian Social Party lost one seat, but gained another to remain in

1750-409: The left hind foot). Another frequent position is passant , or walking, like the lions of the coat of arms of England . Eagles are almost always shown with their wings spread, or displayed. A pair of wings conjoined is called a vol . In English heraldry the crescent , mullet , martlet , annulet , fleur-de-lis , and rose may be added to a shield to distinguish cadet branches of a family from

1800-406: The lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship . During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 1,081 students attending classes in Zollikofen. There were 9 kindergarten classes with a total of 186 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 33.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 41.9% have

1850-496: The masculine singular, without regard to the gender and number of the nouns they qualify, thus a chief undé and a saltire undé . Full descriptions of shields range in complexity, from a single word to a convoluted series describing compound shields: Quarterly I. Azure three Lions' Heads affronté Crowned Or (for Dalmatia ); II. chequy Argent and Gules (for Croatia ); III. Azure a River in Fess Gules bordered Argent thereon

1900-468: The municipality and 3,653 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 40.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 36.8% used a private car. From the 2000 census, 1,892 or 20.0% were Roman Catholic , while 5,395 or 57.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of

1950-423: The municipality. There were 4,558 married individuals, 561 widows or widowers and 534 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 1,501 households that consist of only one person and 162 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 4,066 apartments (93.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 194 apartments (4.4%) were seasonally occupied and 106 apartments (2.4%) were empty. As of 2010,

2000-453: The population (as of 2000) speaks German (8,173 or 86.6%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (266 or 2.8%) and French is the third (230 or 2.4%). There are 13 people who speak Romansh . As of 2008, the population was 48.6% male and 51.4% female. The population was made up of 3,820 Swiss men (38.9% of the population) and 956 (9.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 4,203 Swiss women (42.8%) and 852 (8.7%) non-Swiss women. Of

2050-534: The population in the municipality, 1,646 or about 17.4% were born in Zollikofen and lived there in 2000. There were 3,892 or 41.2% who were born in the same canton, while 1,909 or 20.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,567 or 16.6% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2010, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 19.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20.5%. As of 2000, there were 3,784 people who were single and never married in

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2100-542: The population) who were Islamic . There were 67 individuals who were Buddhist , 66 individuals who were Hindu and 3 individuals who belonged to another church. 826 (or about 8.75% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 321 individuals (or about 3.40% of the population) did not answer the question. In Zollikofen about 3,906 or (41.4%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 1,508 or (16.0%) have completed additional higher education (either university or

2150-500: The rest of the population, there were 154 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.63% of the population), there were 8 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 560 individuals (or about 5.93% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 6 individuals (or about 0.06% of the population) who were Jewish , and 414 (or about 4.39% of

2200-500: The senior line of a particular family. As an armiger 's arms may be used "by courtesy", either by children or spouses, while they are still living, some form of differencing may be required so as not to confuse them with the original undifferenced or "plain coat" arms. Historically, arms were only heritable by males and therefore cadency marks had no relevance to daughters; in the modern era, Canadian and Irish heraldry include daughters in cadency. These differences are formed by adding to

2250-417: The senior line. These cadency marks are usually shown smaller than normal charges, but it still does not follow that a shield containing such a charge belongs to a cadet branch. All of these charges occur frequently in basic undifferenced coats of arms. To marshal two or more coats of arms is to combine them in one shield. This can be done in a number of ways, of which the simplest is impalement : dividing

2300-459: The sinister Sable crowned and collared Or langued and viriled Gules each holding a Tanner Knife Azure handled Or and Gules on a Bend Argent nine Box Leaves Vert. Zollikofen has a population (as of December 2020) of 10,640. As of 2010, 18.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 6.1%. Migration accounted for 5.6%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.1%. Most of

2350-435: The supposedly hard and fast rules laid down in heraldic manuals [including those by heralds] are often ignored." A given coat of arms may be drawn in many different ways, all considered equivalent and faithful to the blazon, just as the letter "A" may be printed in many different fonts while still being the same letter. For example, the shape of the escutcheon is almost always immaterial, with very limited exceptions (e.g.,

2400-509: The tertiary sector was 2,766. In the tertiary sector; 601 or 21.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 148 or 5.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 85 or 3.1% were in a hotel or restaurant, 70 or 2.5% were in the information industry, 194 or 7.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 311 or 11.2% were technical professionals or scientists, 218 or 7.9% were in education and 615 or 22.2% were in health care. In 2000, there were 4,032 workers who commuted into

2450-494: Was dedicated on September 11, 1955, by President David O. McKay . In 1992 it was rededicated by President Gordon B. Hinckley . The temple grounds are open to visitors, but only members of the Church in good standing may enter the temple. In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 23.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (20.1%),

2500-561: Was open a total of 200 days with average of 42 hours per week during that year. The municipality has four railway stations: Zollikofen , Oberzollikofen , Unterzollikofen , and Steinibach . The latter two are located on the narrow-gauge Zollikofen–Bern line , which terminates in the centre of Zollikofen. Zollikofen and Oberzollikofen are located on the narrow-gauge Solothurn–Worblaufen line , and Zollikofen also has standard-gauge mainline connections to Biel/Bienne and Thun . Blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology ,

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