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59-590: Zhuozhou was the birthplace of Bai Guang in 1921. In 1928, the city was the site of a fierce battle between the forces of Fengtien clique warlord Chang Tso-lin and those of the Kuomintang 's National Revolutionary Army , with the city falling to the Fengtien after eighty-six days of heavy bombardment. In September 1937, General Count Hisaichi Terauchi , commander-in-chief of the North China Area Army , sent

118-523: A tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen Am ) with monthly mean temperatures between 20 and 29 °C (68 and 84 °F) and relative humidity ranging between 71 and 81%. Kaohsiung's warm climate is very much dictated by its low latitude and its exposure to warm sea temperatures year-round, with the Kuroshio Current passing by the coast of southern Taiwan, and the Central Mountain Range on

177-429: A Ta-kau Isle: It is unknown when the barbarians ( Taiwanese aborigines ) arose on this island in the ocean beyond Penghu , but they are present at Keeong Harbor (nowaday's Budai, Chiayi ), the bay of Galaw ( Anping, Tainan ), Laydwawan ( Tainan City ), Yaw Harbor ( Cheting, Kaohsiung ), Takau Isle (Kaohsiung City), Little Tamsui ( Donggang, Pingtung ), Siangkeykaw ( Puzi , Chiayi), Gali forest ( Jiali District , Tainan),

236-501: A column of mechanised infantry supported by cavalry to cut the Jinghan railway at Zhuozhou. The area was lightly defended by provincial troops without proper artillery or planes, as the Chinese strategy at the time rested on defending Paoting with better-equipped central government soldiers. Subdistricts: Towns: Townships: Zhuozhou is at a high risk of floods. It was heavily impacted by

295-485: A historical town built during the early 17th century, the Former British Consulate at Takao built during the late 19th century, and various sugar and crop factories built under Japanese rule . Kaohsiung city includes a wide range of different natural attractions due to its large size and geographical variation, as it is bordered by the Central Mountain Range in the northeast and the warm South China Sea to

354-616: A man 20 years her junior named Yan Lianglong ( 颜良龙 ; 顏良龍 ), who was also one of her fans. She performed to wide acclaim in 1979 in Kaohsiung , Taiwan. Her last public appearance was in 1995 on Hong Kong's TV top 10 Chinese singing awards. Bai Guang died from colon cancer on 27 August 1999, at the age of 78, in her house at Kuala Lumpur's Damansara Heights suburb. She was buried at the Nirvana Memorial Park , Semenyih. Kaohsiung Kaohsiung , officially Kaohsiung City ,

413-436: A name that would find its way onto European navigational charts well into the 18th century. Tankoia was located north of Ape's Hill and a few hours south from Tayouan (modern-day Anping, Tainan ) by sail. At the time, a wide shallow bay existed there, sufficient for small vessels. However, constant silting changed the coastline. During this time, Taiwan was divided into five administrative districts, with Takau belonging to

472-531: A part of Taiwan Prefecture . It was first opened as a port during the 1680s and subsequently prospered fairly for generations. In 1895, Taiwan was ceded to Japan as part of the Treaty of Shimonoseki . Administrative control of the city was moved from New Fongshan Castle to the Fongshan Sub-District of Tainan Chō ( 臺南廳 ) . In November 1901, twenty chō were established in total; Hōzan Chō ( 鳳山廳 )

531-696: A place in Ukyō Ward, Kyoto ) and administered the area under Takao Prefecture . While the new name had quite a different surface meaning, its pronunciation in Japanese sounded more or less the same as the old name spoken in Hokkien . After Taiwan was ceded to the Republic of China, the Chinese characters did not change, but adapted to Mandarin pronunciation, thus the official romanization became Kaohsiung ( pinyin : Gāoxióng ; Wade–Giles : Kao¹-hsiung² ), derived from

590-443: A population of 2,773,533 people, making it the third-largest city after New Taipei and Taichung , and a population density of 939.59 people per square kilometer. Within the city, Fongshan District is the most populated district with a population of 359,519 people, while Sinsing District is the most densely populated district with a population density of 25,820 people per square kilometer. As in most Taiwanese cities or counties,

649-443: A port city. Takao was then systematically modernized and connected to the end of North-South Railway . Forming a north–south regional economic corridor from Taipei to Kaohsiung in the 1930s, Japan's Southward Policy set Kaohsiung to become an industrial center. Kaohsiung Harbor was also developed starting from 1894. The city center was relocated several times during the period due to the government's development strategy. Development

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708-648: A slightly deep and hoarse voice, which helped her become a big star in Shanghai. People called her the "Queen of the Low Voice" ( 低音歌后 ). Bai's big screen career started in 1943. She was known for playing seductive roles due to her flirtatious image on screen and has also played villains at times. She lent a more dramatic tone or sexy attitude to her songs. Some of her hits were "Autumn Evening" ( 秋夜 ), "Without You" ( 如果沒有你 ), "The Pretender" ( 假正經 ), "Revisiting Old Dreams" ( 魂縈舊夢 ), and "Waiting For You" ( 等著你回來 ). After

767-465: A total of 11 districts. The additional district is Siaogang District , which was annexed from Siaogang Township of Kaohsiung County . The Kaohsiung Incident , where the government suppressed a commemoration of International Human Rights Day , occurred on 10 December 1979. Since then, Kaohsiung gradually grew into a political center of the Pan-Green population of Taiwan, in opposition to Taipei where

826-634: Is NT$ 24.15 billion. Main landmarks of Kaohsiung city include the 85 Sky Tower , the Ferris wheel of the Kaohsiung Dream Mall , the Kaohsiung Arena and Port of Kaohsiung . The newly developed city is also known for having a large number of shopping streets , organized night markets and newly developed leisure parks such as the Pier-2 Art Center , E-DA Theme Park , Metropolitan Park ,

885-437: Is a special municipality located in southern Taiwan . It ranges from the coastal urban center to the rural Yushan Range with an area of 2,952 km (1,140 sq mi). Kaohsiung City has a population of approximately 2.73 million people as of October 2023 and is Taiwan's third most populous city and largest city in southern Taiwan . Founded in the 17th century as a small trading village named Takau (or Takow ),

944-530: Is currently inaccessible by the public due to military occupation. A large number of historical sites and monuments were left in the city after the colonization of the Dutch in the 17th century, the Qing dynasty during the 18th and 19th century and the Japanese empire from the late 19th century to the mid 20th century. The city government has protected various sites and monuments from further damage and many have been opened to

1003-688: Is home to many night markets , such as Jin-Zuan Night Market , Liuhe Night Market , Ruifeng Night Market , Zhonghua Street Night Market , and the Kaisyuan Night Market . Other attractions include the Cijin Tianhou Temple , Dome of Light of Kaohsiung MRT's Formosa Boulevard Station , the Kaohsiung Mosque and the Tower of Light of Sanmin District . Traditional "wet" markets have long been

1062-783: The 2023 China floods , and more than a sixth of the city's 600,000 residents had to evacuate. Zhuozhou has been described by Hebei communist party secretary Ni Yuefeng as being able to "serve as a moat for the capital" using flood storage and detention areas in the aftermath of flooding in Beijing as a result of Typhoon Doksuri . This Baoding location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bai Guang Shi Yongfen ( Chinese : 史永芬 ; pinyin : Shǐ Yǒngfēn ; 27 June 1921 – 27 August 1999), known professionally as Bai Guang (Chinese: 白光 ; pinyin: Bái Guāng ; lit. 'White Light'; also credited as Pai Kwong , Bai Kwong and Bai Kwang ),

1121-845: The Austronesian language family, live mostly in the mountain indigenous district such as Taoyuan or Namasia . The main indigenous groups in the city include the Bunun , Rukai , Saaroa and the Kanakanavu . As of December 2010, Kaohsiung hosts around 21,000 foreign spouses. Around 12,353 are Mainland Chinese, 4,244 are Vietnamese, around 800 are Japanese and Indonesians, and around 4,000 are other Asians or foreigners from Europe or America. As of April 2013, Kaohsiung hosts 35,074 foreign workers who mainly work as factory workers or foreign maids (not including foreign specialists such as teachers and other professionals). About half of them are Indonesians , with

1180-529: The Dutch colonization of southern Taiwan, the area was known as Tancoia to Europeans for a period of about three decades. In 1662, the Dutch were expelled by the Kingdom of Tungning , founded by Ming loyalists of Koxinga . His son, Zheng Jing , renamed the village Banlian-chiu (Chinese: 萬年州 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bān-liân-chiu ; lit. 'ten-thousand-year state ( zhou )') in 1664. The name of "Takau"

1239-816: The Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts , the National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts , and Taroko Park . Natural attractions of the city include Shoushan (Monkey mountain), the Love River , Cijin Island , Sizihwan , the Dapingding Tropical Botanical Garden and Yushan National Park at the northeastern tip of the city. The city also features various historical attractions such as the Old City of Zuoying ,

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1298-494: The Republic of China Navy fleet headquarters and its naval academy . More recent public works such as Pier-2 Art Center , National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts and Kaohsiung Music Center have been aimed at growing the tourism and cultural industries of the city. Hoklo immigrants to the area during the 16th and 17th centuries called the region Takau (Chinese: 打狗 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Táⁿ-káu ). The surface meaning of

1357-469: The University of Tokyo 's music department until World War II in 1942. After drama school, she wanted to be a movie star. As she proclaimed, she wanted to be like the beams of light coming off the movie projectors onto the big screen; hence her stage name. Her mandopop songs were often used in many of her movies as soundtracks. In an age and culture where light, higher voices were usually favored, she had

1416-595: The Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 高雄 . The name Takau remains the official name of the city in Austronesian languages of Taiwan such as Rukai , although these are not widely spoken in the city. The name also remains popular locally in the naming of businesses, associations, and events. The written history of Kaohsiung can be traced back to the early 17th century, through archaeological studies have found signs of human activity in

1475-539: The Arts and Kaohsiung Music Center . The main agricultural crops in Kaohsiung are vegetables, fruits and rice with a total arable land of 473 km , which accounts to 16% of the total area of the municipality. Kaohsiung has the highest production of guava , jujube and lychee in Taiwan. The main livestock are chicken, dairy cattle , deer , duck, goose, pigs and sheep. The total annual agricultural income in Kaohsiung

1534-561: The Pacific. Extremely ambitious plans for the construction of a massive modern port were drawn up. Toward the end of the war, the Japanese promoted some industrial development at Kaohsiung, establishing an aluminum industry based on the abundant hydroelectric power produced by the Sun Moon Lake project in the mountains. The city was heavily bombed by Task Force 38 and FEAF during World War II between 1944 and 1945. After control of Taiwan

1593-450: The Port of Kaohsiung was completed, equivalent to 16 of Taipei's Daan Forest Parks . The Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau plans to buy 49 hectares of the reclaimed land to establish a solar energy industrial district that would be in the harbor's free trade zone. The gross domestic product (GDP) in nominal terms of Kaohsiung City is estimated to be around US$ 45 billion, and US$ 90 billion for

1652-524: The associated Chinese characters was "beat the dog". According to one theory, the name Takau originates from the aboriginal Siraya language and translates as "bamboo forest". According to another theory, the name evolved via metathesis from the name of the Makatao tribe, who inhabited the area at the time of European and Hoklo settlement. The Makatao is considered by some to be part of the Siraya tribe. During

1711-470: The city center. It was the largest gas explosion in Taiwan's modern history. The city sits on the southwestern coast of Taiwan facing the Taiwan Strait , bordering Tainan City to the northwest, Chiayi and Nantou County to the north, Taitung County to its east and Pingtung County to the south and southeast. The downtown areas are centered on Kaohsiung Harbor with Cijin Island on the other side of

1770-468: The city has since grown into the political and economic center of southern Taiwan , with key industries such as manufacturing, steel-making , oil refining , freight transport and shipbuilding . It is classified as a "Gamma −" level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , with some of the most prominent infrastructures in Taiwan. Kaohsiung is of strategic importance to

1829-470: The city is one of the sunniest areas in Taiwan. The sea temperature of Kaohsiung Harbor remains above 22 °C (72 °F) year-round, the second highest of Southern Taiwan after Liuqiu Island . According to recent records, the average temperature of the city has risen around 1 degree Celsius over the past three decades, from about 24.2 °C (75.6 °F) in 1983 to around 25.2 °C (77.4 °F) by 2012. As of December 2018, Kaohsiung city has

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1888-451: The cold front. Also, besides the high temperatures occurring during the usual summer months, daytime temperatures of inland districts of the city can often exceed 33 °C (91 °F) from mid-March to late April before the onset of the monsoon season , with clear skies and southwesterly airflows. Average annual rainfall is around 1,885 mm (74.2 in), focused primarily from June to August. At more than 2,210 hours of bright sunshine,

1947-411: The discovered remnants were located in the hills surrounding Kaohsiung Harbor . Artifacts were found at Shoushan , Longquan Temple, Taoziyuan, Zuoying , Houjing, Fudingjin and Fengbitou . The prehistoric Dapenkeng , Niuchouzi , Dahu , and Niaosong civilizations were known to inhabit the region. Studies of the prehistoric ruins at Longquan Temple have shown that that civilization occurred at roughly

2006-408: The equator such as Singapore or Manila . Daily maximum temperature typically exceeds 30 °C (86 °F) during the warmer season (April to November) and 25 °C (77 °F) during the cooler season (December to March), with the exception when cold fronts strike during the winter months, when the daily mean temperature of the city can drop between 10 and 12 °C depending on the strength of

2065-416: The general manager in Taiwan from 1993 to 1999, used this newfound understanding of Chinese culture and ways of doing business with Chinese customers to lead its China expansion starting in 1999. As of February 2020, Carrefour has opened 137 hypermarkets and supermarkets in Taiwan. Despite the fierce competition from "Westernized" supermarkets, Taiwan's traditional markets and mom-and-pop stores remain "one of

2124-507: The harbor acting as a natural breakwater . The Love River (Ai River) flows into the harbor through the Old City and downtown. Zuoying Military Harbor lies to the north of Kaohsiung Harbor and the city center. Kaohsiung's natural landmarks include Ape Hill and Mount Banping . Located about a degree south of the Tropic of Cancer , Kaohsiung has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen Aw ), near to

2183-660: The largest municipality in Taiwan, Kaohsiung has a number of newly built leisure areas and parks. Notable parks or pavilions in the city include the Central Park , Siaogangshan Skywalk Park , Fo Guang Shan Monastery , the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas , Spring and Autumn Pavilions , the Love Pier , Singuang Ferry Wharf and Kaohsiung Fisherman's Wharf . Notable zoo in the city includes the Kaohsiung City Shousan Zoo . Kaohsiung

2242-478: The majority of the population are Han Chinese . The Chinese are divided into 3 subgroups: Hoklo , Hakka , and Waishengren . The Hoklo and Waishengren mostly live in flatland townships and the city centre, while the majority of the Hakka population lives in the suburbs or rural townships of the northeastern hills. The indigenous peoples of Kaohsiung, who belong to various ethnic groups that speak languages belonging to

2301-578: The majority population is Kuomintang supporters. On 25 December 2010, Kaohsiung City merged with Kaohsiung County to form a larger special municipality with administrative centers in Lingya District and Fongshan District . On 31 July 2014, a series of gas explosions occurred in the Cianjhen and Lingya Districts of the city, killing 31 and injuring more than 300. Five roads were destroyed in an area of nearly 20 km (7.7 sq mi) near

2360-501: The metropolitan region. As of 2008 , the GDP per capita in nominal terms was approximately US$ 24,000. Despite early success and heavy governmental investment, the city suffers from the economic North–South divide in Taiwan , which continues to be the center of political debate. There has been public aims to shift the local economy towards tourism and cultural industries , with projects such as Pier-2 Art Center , National Kaohsiung Center for

2419-510: The nation as the city is the main port city of Taiwan; the Port of Kaohsiung is the largest and busiest harbor in Taiwan and more than 67% of the nation's exports and imports container throughput goes through Kaohsiung. Kaohsiung International Airport is the second busiest airport in number of passengers in Taiwan. The city is well-connected to other major cities by high speed and conventional rail, as well as several national freeways. It also hosts

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2478-504: The northeast blocking out the cool northeastern winds during the winter. The city, therefore, has a noticeably warmer climate than nearby cities located at similar latitudes such as Hong Kong , Guangzhou as well as various cities further south in northern Vietnam , such as Hanoi . Although the climate is classified as tropical, Kaohsiung has a defined cooler season unlike most other cities in Asia classified with this climate but located closer to

2537-572: The other half being workers from other Southeast Asian countries, mainly from Vietnam , the Philippines or Thailand . Kaohsiung is a major international port and industrial city in the southwest of Taiwan. As an exporting center, Kaohsiung serves the agricultural interior of southern Taiwan, as well as the mountains of the southeast. Major raw material exports include rice, sugar, bananas, pineapples , peanuts (groundnuts) and citrus fruits . The 2,200 ha (5,400-acre) Linhai Industrial Park , on

2596-1305: The public since the early 1980s. Notable historical sites include the Cemetery of Zhenghaijun , Fengshan Longshan Temple , Former British Consulate at Takao , Former Dinglinzihbian Police Station , Meinong Cultural and Creative Center , Former Sanhe Bank , and the Kaohsiung Lighthouse , one of the oldest lighthouses of the city. Kaohsiung is home to many museums, including the Chung Li-he Museum , Cijin Shell Museum , Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum , Jiasian Petrified Fossil Museum , Kaohsiung Astronomical Museum , Kaohsiung Hakka Cultural Museum , Kaohsiung Harbor Museum , Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts , Kaohsiung Museum of History , Kaohsiung Museum of Labor , Kaohsiung Vision Museum , Meinong Hakka Culture Museum , National Science and Technology Museum , Republic of China Air Force Museum , Soya-Mixed Meat Museum , Taiwan Pineapple Museum , Taiwan Sugar Museum , Takao Railway Museum , Xiaolin Pingpu Cultural Museum and YM Museum of Marine Exploration Kaohsiung . As

2655-409: The region from as long as 7,000 years ago. Prior to the 17th century, the region was inhabited by the Makatao people of the Siraya tribe, who settled on what they named Takau Isle (translated to 打狗嶼 by Ming Chinese explorers); "Takau" meaning "bamboo forest" in the aboriginal language. The earliest evidence of human activity in the Kaohsiung area dates back to roughly 4,700–5,200 years ago. Most of

2714-566: The same times as the beginnings of the aboriginal Makatao civilization, suggesting a possible origin for the latter. Unlike some other archaeological sites in the area, the Longquan Temple ruins are relatively well preserved. Prehistoric artifacts discovered have suggested that the ancient Kaohsiung Harbor was originally a lagoon, with early civilizations functioning primarily as Hunter-gatherer societies. Some agricultural tools have also been discovered, suggesting that some agricultural activity

2773-462: The source of meat, fish, and produce for many residents. With the arrival of Western-style supermarkets in the 1980s and 1990s, such markets have encountered fierce competition. In 1989, the global leader in hypermarkets, Carrefour , entered Asia, opening its first store in Kaohsiung. Due to the success of its Taiwan operation, the French retailer expanded throughout the country and Asia. Jean-Luc Chéreau,

2832-584: The southernmost district. In 1630, the first large scale immigration of Han Chinese to Taiwan began due to famine in Fujian , with merchants and traders from China seeking to purchase hunting licenses from the Dutch or hide out in aboriginal villages to escape authorities in China. In 1684, the Qing dynasty annexed Taiwan and renamed the town Fongshan County ( Chinese : 鳳山縣 ; pinyin : Fèngshān Xiàn ), considering it

2891-500: The village of Sabah ( Tamsui, Taipei ), and Dwabangkang ( Bali, New Taipei City ). Taiwan became a Dutch colony in 1624, after the Dutch East India Company was ejected from Penghu by Ming forces. At the time, Takau was already one of the most important fishing ports in southern Taiwan. The Dutch named the place Tankoya , and the harbor Tancoia . The Dutch missionary François Valentijn named Takau Mountain "Ape Berg",

2950-749: The war, Bai Guang moved to Hong Kong and joined Great Wall Pictures. In 1949, A Forgotten Woman ( 蕩婦心 ) was shown in Hong Kong. Even the governor , Alexander Grantham , went as a fan. By 1950, Bai, tired of the low-quality films, retired as an actress in China. After marrying an American GI in 1951, she moved to Japan and successfully opened a nightclub in Tokyo's Ginza district in 1953. The union did not last, and she returned to Hong Kong, recording some music through 1959 when she officially retired. In 1969, she resettled in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia, where she married

3009-542: The waterfront, was completed in the mid-1970s and includes a steel mill , shipyard , petrochemical complex, and other industries. The city has an oil refinery , aluminum and cement works, fertilizer factories, sugar refineries, brick and tile works, canning factories, salt-manufacturing factories, and papermaking plants. Designated an export-processing zone in the late 1970s, Kaohsiung also attracted foreign investment to process locally purchased raw materials for export. In 2020, Kaohsiung's land reclamation project in

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3068-498: The west and southwest. The year-round warm climate allows coral reefs to grow along the coasts around Kaohsiung Harbor , with Shoushan Mountain being a small mountain completely made up of coral reefs and calcium carbonate , while the mountainous districts in the northeast include Taiwan's highest mountain, Yushan . Other notable natural attractions include the Mount Banping , Lotus Pond , and Dongsha Atoll National Park , which

3127-783: Was handed over from Japan to the government of the Republic of China on 25 October 1945, Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung County were established as a provincial city and a county of Taiwan Province respectively on 25 December 1945. The official romanization of the name came to be "Kaohsiung", based on the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin reading of the kanji name. Kaohsiung City then consisted of 10 districts , which were Gushan , Lianya (renamed "Lingya" in 1952), Nanzih , Cianjin , Cianjhen , Cijin , Sanmin , Sinsing , Yancheng , and Zuoying . During this time, Kaohsiung developed rapidly. The port, badly damaged in World War II ,

3186-597: Was a Chinese actress and singer. By the 1940s, she became one of the Seven Great Singing Stars . Shi Yongfen was born in 1921 in Zhuozhou , Hebei . Her father was a quartermaster under general Shang Zhen . In her early years, she was a student of the Beiping Salon Theatrical Troupe ( 北平沙龍劇團 ; Běipíng Shālóng Jùtuán ), and once performed Cao Yu 's play Sunrise . In 1937, she studied at

3245-419: Was also present. The pronunciation of Kaohsiung (Takao) in Japanese is similar to Takau (Takau), so the local flavor of Takao was renamed Kaohsiung. The first Chinese records of the region were written in 1603 by Chen Di , a member of Ming admiral Shen You-rong's expedition to rid the waters around Taiwan and Penghu of pirates. In his report on the "Eastern Barbarian Lands" (Dong Fan Ji), Chen Di referred to

3304-412: Was established nearby. In 1909, Hōzan Chō was abolished, and Takow was merged into Tainan Chō. In 1920, during the tenure of 8th Governor-General Den Kenjirō , districts were abolished in favor of prefectures. Thus the city was administered as Takao City ( 高雄市 , Takao-shi ) under Takao Prefecture . The Japanese developed Takao, especially the harbor that became the foundation of Kaohsiung to be

3363-511: Was initially centered on Ki-au ( Chinese : 旗後 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Kî-āu ) region but the government began laying railways, upgrading the harbor, and passing new urban plans. New industries such as refinery, machinery, shipbuilding and cementing were also introduced. Before and during World War II it handled a growing share of Taiwan's agricultural exports to Japan, and was also a major base for Japan's campaigns in Southeast Asia and

3422-534: Was restored in the late 1670s, when the town expanded drastically with immigrants from mainland China and was kept through Taiwan's cession to the Japanese Empire in 1895. In his 1903 general history of Taiwan, US Consul to Formosa James W. Davidson relates that "Takow" was already a well-known name in English. In 1920, the name was changed to Takao ( Japanese : 高雄 , after Takao (Kyoto)  [ ja ] ,

3481-459: Was restored. It also became a fishing port for boats sailing to Filipino and Indonesian waters. Largely because of its climate, Kaohsiung overtook Keelung as Taiwan's major port. Kaohsiung also surpassed Tainan to become the second largest city of Taiwan in the late 1970s and Kaohsiung City was upgraded from a provincial city to special municipality on 1 July 1979, by the Executive Yuan with

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