Model humanity:
41-410: Main philosophical traditions: Ritual traditions: Devotional traditions: Salvation churches and sects : Confucian churches and sects: Zhuanxu ( Chinese : trad. 顓頊 , simp. 颛顼 , pinyin Zhuānxū ), also known as Gaoyang ( t 高陽 , s 高阳 , p Gāoyáng ), was a mythological emperor of ancient China . In
82-544: A Chinese religious tradition characterised by a concern for salvation (moral fulfillment) of the person and the society. They are distinguished by egalitarianism , a founding charismatic person often informed by a divine revelation , a specific theology written in holy texts , a millenarian eschatology and a voluntary path of salvation, an embodied experience of the numinous through healing and self-cultivation, and an expansive orientation through evangelism and philanthropy . Some scholars consider these religions
123-549: A Confucian identity, with the foundation of the Holy Confucian Church of China which aims to unite in a single body all Confucian religious groups. Many of the movements of salvation of the 20th and 21st century aspire to become the repository of the entirety of the Chinese tradition in the face of Western modernism and materialism, advocating an "Eastern solution to the problems of the modern world", or even interacting with
164-477: A nerve, often for the purpose of pain relief Third-degree atrioventricular block (AV block), a medical condition Mathematics [ edit ] Block (permutation group theory) Block, in modular representation theory Block, in graph theory, is a biconnected component , a maximal biconnected subgraph of a graph Aschbacher block of a finite group Block design , a kind of set system in combinatorial mathematics Block matrix Block of
205-450: A puzzle game for the iPhone and iPod Touch Building and construction [ edit ] Concrete block , cinder block or cement block, a concrete masonry unit for building Compressed earth block , a building block or unit for construction Tower block , a high-rise building Land subdivisions [ edit ] Block (district subdivision) , administrative region in some South Asian countries Block (rural Australia) ,
246-431: A record label Woodblock (instrument) , a small piece of slit drum made from one piece of wood and used as a percussion instrument "Blocks", by C418 from Minecraft – Volume Beta , 2013 Toys [ edit ] Toy block , one of a set of wooden or plastic pieces, of various shapes Unit block , a type of standardized wooden toy block for children Video game [ edit ] Blocked (video game) ,
287-469: A ring , a centrally primitive idempotent or the ideal it generates Sports [ edit ] Block, a defensive shot in pickleball Block (basketball) , when a defensive player legally deflects a shot Block (cricket) , when a batsman deflects the ball to avoid getting out Blocking (American football) Blocking (martial arts) Starting blocks , devices used by sprinters to assist in preventing their feet from slipping as they break into
328-638: A run The Block (basketball) , a defensive play in game 7 of the 2016 NBA Finals Transportation [ edit ] Block number , a system to differentiate between groups of aircraft of the same type with minor variants Signalling block system , a way of controlling train movement People [ edit ] Main article: Block (surname) Block (musician) (Jamie Block), an anti-folk musician based in New York, US Other uses [ edit ] Block letters (also known as printscript, manuscript, print writing, or ball and stick in academics),
369-852: A sans-serif (or "Gothic") style of writing Block party (also known as street party), a community social event Block scheduling , a type of academic scheduling Hat block , or block shaper, a wooden block carved into the shape of a hat by a craftsman Postage stamp block , an attached group of postage stamps See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Block All pages with titles containing Block All pages with titles beginning with Blocked Block House (disambiguation) Block Party (disambiguation) The Block (disambiguation) Blockbuster (disambiguation) Blockhead (disambiguation) Bloc (disambiguation) Blockade (disambiguation) Blockbuster (disambiguation) Blocker (disambiguation) Blocking (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
410-577: A set of adjacent groups in the periodic table Block (meteorology) , large-scale patterns in the atmospheric pressure field Fault block , a geologic zone or geologic province Block, Inc. , an American technology company formerly known as Square Computing [ edit ] Blockchain , a segment of an open list of data records Block (data storage) , the practice of storing electronic data in equally sized units Block (Internet) , technical measures to restrict users' access to certain internet resources Blocking access to certain websites
451-498: A single group they are said to have the same number of followers of the five state-sanctioned religions of China taken together. Scholars and government officials have been discussing to systematise and unify this large base of religious organisations; in 2004 the State Administration of Religious Affairs created a department for the management of folk religions. In the late 2015 a step was made at least for those of them with
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#1732845217502492-416: A single phenomenon, and others consider them the fourth great Chinese religious category alongside the well-established Confucianism , Buddhism and Taoism . Generally these religions focus on the worship of the universal God ( Shangdi ), represented as either male, female, or genderless, and regard their holy patriarchs as embodiments of God. "Chinese salvationist religions" ( 救度宗教 jiùdù zōngjiào )
533-446: A small agricultural landholding City block , the smallest area that is surrounded by streets Places [ edit ] United States [ edit ] Block, Illinois , an unincorporated community Block, Kansas , an unincorporated community Block, Tennessee , an unincorporated community Block Island , an island in the state of Rhode Island Science and technology [ edit ] Block (periodic table) ,
574-507: Is a contemporary neologism coined as a sociological category and gives prominence to folk religious sects' central pursuit that is the salvation of the individual and the society, in other words the moral fulfillment of individuals in reconstructed communities of sense. Chinese scholars traditionally describe them as "folk religious sects" ( 民间宗教 mínjiān zōngjiào , 民间教门 mínjiān jiàomén or 民间教派 mínjiān jiàopài ) or "folk beliefs" ( 民间信仰 mínjiān xìnyǎng ). They are distinct from
615-549: Is one form of internet censorship Block or subnet of the Internet, a subset of the internet in a set of contiguous IP addresses Block (programming) , a group of declarations and statements treated as a unit Block (telecommunications) , a unit of data transmission Block artifact , a type of distortion in a compressed image Block-level element , in the HTML markup language Blocks (C language extension) , an extension to
656-579: The Book of Rites . Some scholars even find influences from Manichaeism , Mohism and shamanic traditions . In the Ming and Qing dynasties many folk religious movements were outlawed by the imperial authorities as "evil religions" ( 邪教 xiéjiào ). With the collapse of the Qing state in 1911 the sects enjoyed an unprecedented period of freedom and thrived, and many of them were officially recognised as religious groups by
697-501: The Chinese folk religion consisting in the worship of gods and ancestors, although in English language there is a terminological confusion between the two. The 20th-century expression for these salvationist religious movements has been "redemptive societies" ( 救世团体 jiùshì tuántǐ ), coined by scholar Prasenjit Duara . A collective name that has been in use possibly since the latter part of
738-480: The early republican government . The founding of the People's Republic in 1949 saw them suppressed once again, although since the 1990s and 2000s the climate was relaxed and some of them have received some form of official recognition. In Taiwan all the still existing restrictions were rescinded in the 1980s. Folk religious movements began to rapidly revive in mainland China in the 1980s, and now if conceptualised as
779-1181: The kings of Goguryeo regarded themselves as a descendant of Chinese heroes because he gave as his surname "Go" ( Hanja : 高) as they were the descendant of Gaoyang ( Hanja : 高陽) who was a grandchild of the Yellow Emperor and Gaoxin ( Hanja : 高辛) who was a great-grandchild of the Yellow Emperor . Samguk Sagi volume 28 Classical Chinese — 三國史記 卷二十八 百濟本紀 第六 [REDACTED] Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 三國史記/卷28 Three Exalted Ones: Suiren · Fuxi · Taihao · Nüwa · Zhurong · Shennong · Yandi · Gonggong · Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) Four Perils: Gonggong · Huandou · Gun · Sanmiao · Hundun · Qiongqi · Taowu · Taotie Five Primal Emperors: Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) · Shaohao · Zhuanxu · Ku · Zhi · Yao · Shun Chinese salvationist religions Model humanity: Main philosophical traditions: Ritual traditions: Devotional traditions: Salvation churches and sects : Confucian churches and sects: Chinese salvationist religions or Chinese folk religious sects are
820-450: The "separation of Earth and Heaven", in Yangshao culture , every household could have or hire a shaman . However, during Longshan culture , shamans could only be hired by a few people, suggesting a monopoly of the ability to ascend to and descend from Heaven. In this sense, this myth may indicate the start of social stratification in ancient Chinese culture . According to Samguk Sagi ,
861-509: The August Lord (皇帝)… had the Miao exterminated. "Then he charged Chong (重) and Li (黎) to cut the communication between Heaven and Earth so that there would be no descending and ascending." After this had been done, order was restored and the people returned to virtue. Several Chinese mythologists interpreted this myth as a representation or symbolisation of increasing social stratification . Before
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#1732845217502902-581: The C programming language designed to support parallel programming Unicode block , a named range of codepoints in Unicode Block Elements , a Unicode block of block-shaped characters Engineering [ edit ] Engine block and cylinder block, the main part of an internal combustion engine Block (sailing) , a single or multiple pulley used on sailboats Medicine [ edit ] Nerve block , or regional nerve blockade, any deliberate interruption of signals traveling along
943-654: The Grand Historian ( Shiji ), upon the death of the Yellow Emperor , Zhuanxu's uncle Shaohao never reigned as king, as he was purported to do in other documents. Rather, Gaoyang was chosen as the tribe's new leader, with the regnal name Zhuanxu, in preference to his father and all his uncles. Zhuanxu defeated Gonggong , a descendant of the Emperor Yan . However, the account in the Bamboo Annals states that Zhuanxu became an assistant to his uncle, Emperor Shaohao, at
984-686: The Polaris when their role in the land of the humans was done. Zhuanxu is commonly associated with the mythical "separation of the Heaven from Earth (絶地天通)". According to the Lu Xing (呂刑) chapter of Shang Shu : We are told that the Miao (苗)… created oppressive punishments which pushed the people into disorder. Shang Di , the Lord on High… surveyed the people and found them lacking in virtue. Out of pity for those who were innocent,
1025-533: The Qing dynasty is huìdàomén ( 会道门 "churches, ways and gates"), as their names interchangeably use the terms huì ( 会 "church, society, association, congregation"; when referring to their corporate form), dào ( 道 "way") or mén ( 门 "gate[way], door"). Their congregations and points of worship are usually called táng ( 堂 "church, hall") or tán ( 坛 "altar"). Western scholars often mistakenly identify them as " Protestant " churches. The Vietnamese religions of Minh Đạo and Caodaism emerged from
1066-554: The age of ten, and became king in his own right at the age of 20. Zhuanxu was credited with introducing the practice of sacrifice to soil and grain , which was essential to Chinese government until the fall of the Qing . He made contributions to a unified calendar , astrology , religion reforms to oppose shamanism , upheld the patriarchal (as opposed to the previous matriarchal ) system, and forbade marriages between close kin. The Bamboo Annals also credit him with composing one of
1107-453: The earliest pieces of music, known as "The Answer to the Clouds (承雲)". Zhuanxu was succeeded by his cousin, Shaohao's grandson, Ku . According to Shiji , Zhuanxu or Zhuanxu's lineage, had an incompetent son (不才子) derided as Taowu (梼杌; literally: " block - stump ; blockhead"). Two other descendants of Zhuanxu were also named: one is Zhuanxu's son Qiongchan (窮蟬), from whom descended Emperor Shun ;
1148-528: The 💕 For the blocking policy on Misplaced Pages, see Misplaced Pages:Blocking policy . For help with being blocked, see Help:I have been blocked and Misplaced Pages:Appealing a block [REDACTED] Look up Block , Blocks , block , blocked , or blocks in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Block or blocked may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media [ edit ] Broadcasting [ edit ] Block programming ,
1189-608: The heavenly bodies (歷象)". Since Zhuanxu was claimed as a founder of the Qin dynasty , the new calendar system "zhuanxuli"( 顓頊曆 ) was named after Zhuanxu by Shi Huangdi . Zhuanxu is also mentioned as a god of the Polaris along with god Taiyi (太一), the original god of the Polaris. Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors were said to be sent by the Taiyi from the east to the land of the humans, and thus considered to return to their original roles as gods of
1230-589: The label "secret sects" ( 秘密教门 mìmì jiàomén ) to distinguish the peasant "secret societies" with a positive dimension of the Yuan, Ming and Qing periods, from the negatively viewed "secret societies" of the early republic that became instruments of anti-revolutionary forces (the Guomindang or Japan ). Many of these religions are traced to the White Lotus tradition ("Chinese Maternism", as mentioned by Philip Clart ) that
1271-497: The modern discourse of an Asian -centered universal civilisation. The Chinese folk religious movements of salvation are mostly concentrated in northern and northeastern China, although with a significant influence reaching the Yangtze River Delta since the 16th century. The northern provinces have been a fertile ground for the movements of salvation for a number of reasons: firstly, popular religious movements were active in
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1312-466: The other is Gun , father of Yu the Great . Emperor Yao had also criticised Gun for being incompetent and ruinous. Qiongchan was a commoner, though there is no account of his fall from grace. Eight of Zhuanxu's other descendants, unnamed yet of good repute, later worked for Shun. The Bamboo Annals record that in the thirteenth year of his reign, Zhuanxu "invented calendric calculations and delineations of
1353-528: The people. Zhuanxu was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and his wife Leizu by way of his father Changyi (昌意). His mother was named Changpu (昌僕) from the Shushan clan (蜀山氏), according to Sima Qian , and Niuqu (女樞) according to the Bamboo Annals . Zhuanxu is also alternatively said to be the son of Hanliu (韓流) in the Classic of Mountains and Seas . However, it is recorded in suspicious part Haineijing (海內經) that
1394-428: The population of China, which is around 30 million people, claim to be members of folk religious sects. The actual number of followers may be higher, about the same as the number of members of the five state-sanctioned religions of China if counted together. In Taiwan, recognised folk religious movements of salvation gather approximately 10% of the population as of the mid-2000s. block#Noun From Misplaced Pages,
1435-537: The region already in the Han dynasty , and they deeply penetrated local society; secondly, northern provinces are characterised by social mobility around the capital and weak traditional social structure, thus folk religious movements of salvation fulfill the demand of individual searching for new forms of community and social network. According to the Chinese General Social Survey of 2012, approximately 2.2% of
1476-494: The result of a programming strategy in broadcasting W242BX , a radio station licensed to Greenville, South Carolina, United States known as 96.3 the Block WFNZ-FM , a radio station licensed to Harrisburg, North Carolina, United States, branded as 92.7 The Block "Blocked", an episode of the television series The Flash Music [ edit ] Block Entertainment , a record label Blocks Recording Club ,
1517-461: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Block . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Block&oldid=1239380065 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
1558-494: The same tradition of Chinese folk religious movements. A category overlapping with that of the salvationist movements is that of the "secret societies" ( 秘密社会 mìmì shèhuì , or 秘密结社 mìmì jiéshè ), religious communities of initiatory and secretive character, including rural militias and fraternal organisations which became very popular in the early republican period, and often labeled as " heretical doctrines" ( 宗教异端 zōngjiào yìduān ). Recent scholarship has begun to use
1599-564: The traditional account recorded by Sima Qian , Zhuanxu was a grandson of the Yellow Emperor . At the age of ten with Shaohao , he was said to have led the Shi clan in an eastward migration to present-day Shandong , where intermarriages with the Dongyi clan enlarged and augmented their tribal influences. He also was associated with a religious reform of the Jiuli(九黎) people, banishing witchcraft practised by
1640-455: Was already active in the Song dynasty ; others claim a Taoist legacy and are based on the recovery of ancient scriptures attributed to important immortals such as Lü Dongbin and Zhang Sanfeng , and have contributed to the popularisation of neidan ; other ones are distinctively Confucian and advocate the realisation of a "great commonwealth" ( datong 大同 ) on a world scale, as dreamt of in
1681-607: Was written last. Zhuanxu was claimed as an ancestor by many of the dynasties of Chinese history, including the Mi of Chu and Yue , the Yíng of Qin , and the Cao of Wei . Zhuanxu is held by many sources to be one of the Five Emperors . Some sources say that at age twenty, he became their sovereign, going on to rule for seventy-eight years until his death. According to Sima Qian 's Records of