The Zhongsha Islands is a Chinese term for a collection of two skerries , many entirely submerged banks, seamounts , and shoals in the South China Sea . There are no islands in the Macclesfield Bank , the main part of Zhongsha. The Scarborough Shoal , which consists of two skerries, is not contiguous with the Macclesfield Bank but Chinese sources treat them as one chain of geographical features. The whole of the region is claimed by both the PRC and the ROC, and various bits of the eastern parts are claimed by the Philippines. No country has constant control of the whole region, and there are disputes - for example, see the Scarborough Shoal standoff .
18-692: The PRC claims to administer the area as Zhongsha Daojiao Town(中沙岛礁镇) , a town under the Xisha District of the Sansha prefecture-level city in Hainan . It has one Village-level division , “Zhongsha Daojiao Residential Community”. However, the seat of this town and residential community is not within the Zhongsha Islets, but in Yongxing Town. Aquaculture research has been conducted on Walker Shoal (the shoal
36-461: A district of a city administers many communities or residential committees . Each of them has a residential committee to administer the dwellers of that neighborhood or community. Rural areas are organized into village committees or villager groups. A "village" in this case can either be a natural village, one that spontaneously and naturally exists, or a virtual village, which is a bureaucratic entity. Five cities formally on prefectural level have
54-595: A population over 50,000. In June 1955, the State Council issued the "Decision on the Establishment of Cities and Towns", which clarified the criteria for the establishment of towns. By the end of 1978, there were only 2,173 townships in the country. After the abolition of the people's commune system , the establishment of townships was given importance. On 29 November 1984, the State Council announced new standards for
72-1494: A similar to township unit, as in the case of the Jiaozishan Tourism Development Zone and Industrial Park of Kunming . Administrative divisions of China#Township level Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China 's large population and geographical area. The constitution of China provides for three levels of government. However in practice, there are five levels of local government;
90-413: A stereotype that corresponds to their inhabitants. The most recent administrative change have included the elevation of Hainan (1988) and Chongqing (1997) to provincial level status, and the creation of Hong Kong (1997) and Macau (1999) as Special administrative regions . Provincial level governments vary in details of organization: Prefectural level divisions or second-level divisions are
108-1742: Is known as manbu ansha in chinese). The Zhongsha Islets include: To the west, near the Paracel Islands : To the east, near Luzon : To the north: To the south, near the Spratly Islands : China Focus: South China islands see green transformation This Hainan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Townships of the People%27s Republic of China Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present Townships ( simplified Chinese : 乡 ; traditional Chinese : 鄉 ; pinyin : xiāng ), formally township-level divisions (Chinese: 乡级行政区 ; pinyin: Xiāng Jí Xíngzhèngqū ), are
126-518: Is no government on this level. As of 2017 , China administers 33 provincial-level regions, 334 prefecture-level divisions, 2,862 county-level divisions, 41,034 township-level administrations, and 704,382 basic-level autonomies. Each of the levels (except "special administrative regions") corresponds to a level in the Civil Service of the People's Republic of China . This table summarizes the divisions of
144-481: The United States , the power of the central government was (with the exception of the military) not exercised through a parallel set of institutions until the early 1990s. The actual practical power of the provinces has created what some economists call " federalism with Chinese characteristics ". Most of the provinces , with the exception of those in the northeast , have boundaries which were established long ago in
162-498: The Yuan , Ming , and Qing dynasties. Sometimes provincial borders form cultural or geographical boundaries. This was an attempt by the imperial government to discourage separatism and warlordism through a divide and rule policy. Nevertheless, provinces have come to serve an important cultural role in China. People tend to be identified in terms of their native provinces, and each province has
180-563: The PRC. Much like other levels of government in mainland China, the township's governance is divided between the Communist Party Township Secretary, and the " county magistrate " (Chinese: 乡长 ; pinyin: xiāngzhǎng ). The township party secretary, along with the township's party committee, determines policy. The magistrate is in charge of administering the daily affairs of government and executing policies as determined by
198-421: The People's Republic of China provides for three levels: the provincial, the county level, and the township level. However, in practice, there are four levels of government: the provincial, the prefectural level, the county level, and the township level. Rural villages and urban communities are sometimes considered as the fifth level, however they are defined by the constitution as “basic level autonomies” and there
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#1732844707737216-507: The area administered by the People's Republic of China as of June 2017 . The People's Republic of China (PRC) lays claims to 34 province-level divisions , including 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 special administrative regions and 1 claimed province. Provinces are theoretically subservient to the PRC central government, but in practice, provincial officials have large discretion with regard to economic policy. Unlike
234-474: The basic level (fourth-level administrative units) of political divisions in the People's Republic of China . They are similar to municipalities and communes in other countries and in turn may contain village committees and villages. In 1995 there were 29,648 townships and 17,570 towns (a total of 47,218 township-level divisions) in China which included the territories held by the Republic of China and claimed by
252-701: The establishment of townships. A similar to township unit in the system of administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China is a region with self-jurisdiction which functions at a PRC township-level administrative division. Divisions of this sort can include development zones, science and technology parks, university cities , companies , farms , fishing ground , ranches , orchards , national parks , etc., even prisons . The township-level administrative division (the lowest level division) includes townships, towns , subdistricts , ethnic townships , and sums . Some county-level administrative districts that govern towns and villages will also be defined as
270-409: The founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, there was a lack of uniform regulations for establishing towns, and there were too many towns formed. By the end of 1954, there were 5,400 towns throughout the country, including 920 with a population of less than 2,000, 2,302 with a population of 2,000-5,000, 1,373 with a population of 5,000-10,000, 784 with a population of 10,000-50,000, and 21 with
288-465: The party committee. A township official is the lowest-level ranked official in the civil service hierarchy; in practice, however, the township party secretary and magistrate can amass high levels of personal power. A township government is formally responsible for local economic development, planning, maintenance of local roads, family planning, sanitation & health, sports, and "other responsibilities as determined by higher level governments". After
306-577: The provincial (province, autonomous region, municipality, and special administrative region), prefecture, county, township, and village. Since the 17th century, provincial boundaries in China have remained largely static. Major changes since then have been the reorganisation of provinces in the northeast after the establishment of the People's Republic of China and the formation of autonomous regions , based on Soviet ethnic policies. The provinces serve an important cultural role in China, as people tend to identify with their native province. The Constitution of
324-872: The second level of the administrative structure. Most provinces are divided into only prefecture-level cities and contain no other second level administrative units. Of the 22 provinces and 5 autonomous regions, only 3 provinces ( Yunnan , Guizhou , Qinghai ) and 1 autonomous region ( Xinjiang ) have more than three second-level or prefectural-level divisions that are not prefecture-level cities. As of June 2020, there were 339 prefectural level divisions: As of August 18, 2015, there were 2,852 county-level divisions: The basic level autonomy serves as an organizational division (census, mail system) and does not have much importance in political representative power. Basic local divisions such as neighborhoods and communities are not informal, but have defined boundaries and elected heads (one per area): In urban areas, every subdistrict of
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