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25-641: Zamoran , ( Balochi ) زامُران also spelled Zamuran , is a sub- tehsil of the Kech District of Balochistan Province in Pakistan and southeast of the Sistan and Baluchistan Province in Iran . It was named after a leafy tree, the zamor , found in the area. Another possible origin of the name is from a combination of the two words zaa meaning abuse and miran meaning shall be killed or sacrificed. The meaning taken from that

50-531: A professional setting and by educated folk. The following Latin-based alphabet was adopted by the International Workshop on "Balochi Roman Orthography" (University of Uppsala, Sweden, 28–30 May 2000). a á b c d ď e f g ĝ h i í j k l m n o p q r ř s š t ť u ú v w x y z ž ay aw (33 letters and 2 digraphs) In 1933, the Soviet Union adopted a Latin-based alphabet for Balochi as follows: The alphabet

75-539: A way was first used in Balochi by poet Husayn Anqa , and officially adopted into Balochi as a result of decisions made in a convention in Karachi , Pakistan on 22 July 1959, attended by prominent Balochi poets and literaturists. Below are the forms that stand-alone Hamza is used: Some dialects of Balochi very infrequently use the voiced retroflex flap , meaning ڑ . Due to its immense rarity in Balochi, most orthographies of

100-471: Is subject–object–verb . Like many other Indo-Iranian languages, Balochi also features split ergativity . The subject is marked as nominative except for the past tense constructions where the subject of a transitive verb is marked as oblique and the verb agrees with the object . Balochi, like many Western Iranian languages, has lost the Old Iranian gender distinctions. Much of the Balochi number system

125-655: Is 8.8 million. Of these, 6.28 million are in Pakistan. According to Brian Spooner , Literacy for most Baloch-speakers is not in Balochi, but in Urdu in Pakistan and Persian in Afghanistan and Iran. Even now very few Baloch read Balochi, in any of the countries, even though the alphabet in which it is printed is essentially identical to Persian and Urdu. Balochi belongs to the Western Iranian subgroup, and its original homeland

150-588: Is identical to Persian . According to Mansel Longworth Dames , Balochi writes the first twelve numbers as follows: Balochi was not a written language before the 19th century, and the Persian script was used to write Balochi wherever necessary. However, Balochi was still spoken at the Baloch courts. British colonial officers first wrote Balochi with the Latin script. Following the creation of Pakistan, Baloch scholars adopted

175-424: Is noted that the stop and glide consonants may also occur as aspirated allophones in word initial position as [pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ] and [wʱ] . Allophones of stops in postvocalic position include for voiceless stops, [f θ x] and for voiced stops [β ð ɣ] . /n l/ are also dentalized as [n̪ l̪] . Difference between a question and a statement is marked with the tone, when there is no question word. Rising tone marks

200-454: Is still used very frequently. آ، ا، ب، پ، ت، ٹ، ج، چ، د، ڈ، ر، ز، ژ، س، ش، ک، گ، ل، م، ن، و، ھ ہ، ء، ی ے The Balochi Standard Alphabet , standardized by Balochi Academy Sarbaz, consists of 29 letters. It is an extension of the Perso-Arabic script and borrows a few glyphs from Urdu . It is also sometimes referred to as Balo-Rabi or Balòrabi. Today, it is the preferred script to use in

225-498: Is still written in a modified Arabic script based on Persian . In 2002, a conference was held to help standardize the script that would be used for Balochi. The following alphabet was used by Syed Zahoor Shah Hashmi in his lexicon of Balochi Sayad Ganj ( سید گنج ) (lit. Sayad's Treasure ). Until the creation of the Balochi Standard Alphabet , it was by far the most widely used alphabet for writing Balochi, and

250-599: Is suggested to be around the central Caspian region. Balochi is an Indo-European language , spoken by the Baloch and belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of the family. As an Iranian language , it is classified in the Northwestern group . Glottolog classifies four different varieties, namely Koroshi , Southern Balochi and Western Balochi (grouped under a "Southern-Western Balochi" branch), and Eastern Balochi, all under

275-708: Is that grammatical terminations in the northern dialect are less distinct compared with those in the southern tribes. An isolated dialect is Koroshi , which is spoken in the Qashqai tribal confederation in the Fars province . Koroshi distinguishes itself in grammar and lexicon among Balochi varieties. The Balochi Academy Sarbaz has designed a standard alphabet for Balochi. The Balochi vowel system has at least eight vowels: five long and three short . These are /aː/ , /eː/ , /iː/ , /oː/ , /uː/ , /a/ , /i/ and /u/ . The short vowels have more centralized phonetic quality than

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300-450: Is that the people living in Zamoran would prefer to be killed rather than abused. The population and way of living is purely rural and tribal. People are ethnically Baloch and speak Balochi . It has beautiful small valleys and springs and high mountains. The means of transportation was mainly donkeys and camels but in these days there are roads and people travel by cars and motorcycles. In

325-553: Is used to denote nasalization of the preceding vowel . In addition, /f/ occurs in a few words in Southern Balochi. /x/ (voiceless velar fricative) in some loanwords in Southern Balochi corresponding to /χ/ (voiceless uvular fricative) in Western Balochi; and /ɣ/ (voiced velar fricative) in some loanwords in Southern Balochi corresponding to /ʁ/ (voiced uvular fricative) in Western Balochi. In Eastern Balochi, it

350-700: The Persian alphabet . The first collection of poetry in Balochi, Gulbang by Mir Gul Khan Nasir was published in 1951 and incorporated the Arabic Script . It was much later that Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashemi wrote a comprehensive guidance on the usage of Arabic script and standardized it as the Balochi Orthography in Pakistan and Iran. This earned him the title of the 'Father of Balochi'. His guidelines are widely used in Eastern and Western Balochistan. In Afghanistan, Balochi

375-649: The "Balochic" group. ISO 639-3 groups Southern, Eastern, and Western Baloch under the Balochi macrolanguage, keeping Koroshi separate. Balochi, somehow near similarity with the Parthian and on the other hand, it has near kinship to the Avestan . There are two main dialects: the dialect of the Mandwani (northern) tribes and the dialect of the Domki (southern) tribes. The dialectal differences are not very significant. One difference

400-539: The 19th century the rulers nawabs applied taxes on animals and trees in Makran's different areas including Buleda but when it came to the people of Zamuran, they rejected payment of taxes which was unlawful. In 1901, Mir Mohammad Omer was ruling the Makran. He decided to go to Zamuran and collect taxes with force but as he came to Zamuran, the people stood against him and after a fierce battle, he lost and ran away. The population of Zamoran Sub Tehsil, according to 2017 census

425-426: The aspects that distinguishes Balochi orthography from other orthographies derived from Perso-Arabic Script is the use of stand-alone Hamza ( ء ‎), which, depending on its function within a sentence, is always written with one of three vowel diacritics . Stand-alone Hamza without diacritic is also used similar to other Perso-Arabic Scripts , to indicated glottal stop at end of words The use of Hamza in such

450-416: The final form, ے is used, which is also based on ی and is called " Bari ye "; it is from Urdu . Sometimes there is خ , meaning /x/. in standard alphabets have 11 vowels, In standardized Balochi, letters from old Balochi have been removed and some new letters have been added, The added letters are: And also in standard Balochi, the letter ڑ is merged with the letter ڈ In the table below, you can see

475-413: The language leave out glyphs for the phoneme. When written however, it is usually represented with ر . This alphabet uses two completely separate and new glyphs to represent the long close front unrounded vowel (/iː/). For the initial and medial forms, ݔ is used. This glyph is based on the initial/medial form of the Perso-Arabic "Ye" : (یـ/ـیـ), the difference being the dot above it. Meanwhile, for

500-468: The long vowels. The variety spoken in Karachi also has nasalized vowels, most importantly /ẽː/ and /ãː/ . In addition to these eight vowels, Balochi has two vowel glides, that is /aw/ and /ay/. The following table shows consonants which are common to both Western (Northern) and Southern Balochi. The consonants /s/, /z/, /n/, /ɾ/ and /l/ are articulated as alveolar in Western Balochi. The plosives /t/ and /d/ are dental in both dialects. The symbol ń

525-458: The question and falling tone the statement. Statements and questions with a question word are characterized by falling intonation at the end of the sentence. Questions without a question word are characterized by rising intonation at the end of the sentence. Both coordinate and subordinate clauses that precede the final clause in the sentence have rising intonation. The final clause in the sentence has falling intonation. The normal word order

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550-536: The script fell out of use. Balochi Academy Sarbaz The Balochi alphabet, standardized by Balochi Academy Sarbaz, consists of 32 letters. The Romanized version is called Balòtin , and the Arabic version is called Balòrabi . Balochi also has 3 digraphs set by Balochi Academy Sarbaz in Standard Alphabets: Arabic diacritics are used in Balochi, as with other scripts derived from Arabic: One of

575-638: Was 43,200. Balochi language Balochi ( بلۏچی , romanized: Balòci ) is a Northwestern Iranian language , spoken primarily in the Balochistan region of Pakistan , Iran and Afghanistan . In addition, there are speakers in Oman , the Arab states of the Persian Gulf , Turkmenistan , East Africa and in diaspora communities in other parts of the world. The total number of speakers, according to Ethnologue ,

600-514: Was used for several texts, including children's books, newspapers, and ideological works. In 1938, however, the official use of Balochi was discontinued. In 1989, Mammad Sherdil, a teacher from the Turkmen SSR , approached Balochi language researcher Sergei Axenov with the idea of creating a Cyrillic -based alphabet for Balochi. Before this, the Cyrillic script was already used for writing Balochi and

625-399: Was used in several publications but the alphabet was not standardized. In 1990, the alphabet was finished. It included the following letters: The project was approved with some minor changes ( қ , ꝑ , and ы were removed due to the rarity of those sounds in Balochi, and о̄ was added). From 1992 to 1993, several primary school textbooks were printed in this script. In the early 2000s,

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