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31-447: Zabul borders Oruzgan in the north, Kandahar in the west and in the south, Ghazni and Paktika in the east. It borders Pakistan in the east. The province covers an area of 17293 km2. Two-fifths of the province is mountainous or semi mountainous terrain (41%) while more than one quarter of the area is made up of flat land (28%). The primary ecoregion of the province is the central Afghan mountains xeric woodlands. Common vegetation

62-592: A warlord . He seized control of the Sistan region and began conquering most of Iran and Afghanistan, as well as parts of Pakistan , Tajikistan and Uzbekistan . The Saffarids used their capital Zaranj as a base for an aggressive expansion eastward and westward. They first invaded the areas south of the Hindu Kush , and then overthrew the Tahirid dynasty , annexing Khorasan in 873. By the time of Ya'qub's death, he had conquered

93-702: A civil war erupted between Tahir and the pretender al-Laith b. 'Ali in Sistan. In the next years, the governor of Fars, Sebük-eri defected to the Abbasids. In 912, the Samanids finally expelled the Saffarids from Sistan. Sistan passed briefly to Abbasid control, but became independent again under the Saffarid Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad ; but now the dynasty was a minor power isolated in Sistan. In 1002, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Sistan, dethroned Khalaf I and finally ended

124-601: A large number of Taliban. In September 2008, Rozi Khan , the leader of Uruzgan's Pashtun Barakzai tribe, and a longtime rival of Popalzai leader Jan Mohammed Khan, was killed in a firefight in Chora District . Gizab District was temporarily cleared of the Taliban by ISAF forces in late April 2010 and this was attributed to the uprising of the townspeople who helped the ISAF forces. In February 2010, near Khod, over ten civilians in

155-468: A skilled birth attendant increased from 1% in 2005 to 5% in 2011. The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 1% in 2005 to 19% in 2011. The overall net enrollment rate (6–13 years of age) fell from 31.3% in 2005 to 5% in 2011. As of 2021, the total population of the province is about 391,150, which is mostly a rural tribal society. According to the Naval Postgraduate School ,

186-509: A skilled birth attendant increased from 6% in 2005 to 14% in 2011. The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 5% in 2005 to 17% in 2011. The overall net enrollment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 1% in 2005 to 49% in 2011. As of 2020, the total population of the province is about 436,079. The province has an estimated 45,000 households, each with about six members on average. A large portion of Uruzgan's population belongs to ethnic Pashtuns and ethnic Hazaras . There

217-543: A three-vehicle convoy were killed by a combined force of a Lockheed AC-130 , Bell OH-58 Kiowa helicopters and General Atomics MQ-1 Predator drones, who misidentified them as Taliban. The air forces were attempting to protect ground troops fighting several km away. As of May 2014, the province was served by Tarinkot Airport which had regularly scheduled direct passenger service to Kabul . The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 8% in 2005 to 27% in 2011. The percentage of births attended to by

248-696: Is also a small population of Kochis , whose numbers vary with the seasons. Population figures are from the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development , the Central Statistics Office Afghanistan, and the Liaison Office study 2009. Saffarid dynasty The Saffarid dynasty ( Persian : صفاریان , romanized :  safāryān ) was a Persianate dynasty of eastern Iranian origin that ruled over parts of Persia , Greater Khorasan , and eastern Makran from 861 to 1002. One of

279-572: Is listed as dry shrub-land and pistachio . The high mountains of the northern portion of the province are in the Ghor - Hazarajat alpine meadow ecoregion, which is characterized by meadows, willows, and sea buckthorn . In 2006, the province's first airstrip was opened near Qalat , to be operated by the Afghan National Army , but also for use by commercial aviation. Twice weekly service was scheduled by PRT Air between Qalat and Kabul . The airstrip

310-425: Is located in the center of the country. The population is 436,079, and the province is mostly a tribal society. Tarinkot serves as the capital of the province. Uruzgan borders the provinces of Kandahar , Daykundi , Ghazni , Zabul , and Helmand . Uruzgan province is located in southern Afghanistan, bordering Zabul and Kandahar to the south, Helmand to the southwest, Daykundi to the north, and Ghazni to

341-638: Is not paved. The ANA Chief in Zabul is Major General Jamaluddin Sayed Zabul Province is bisected by Highway 1 and travelers going between Kandahar and Kabul via road typically pass through the province. On 4 September 2016, at least 38 people were killed and 28 were injured during the September 2016 Afghanistan road crash . The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 0% in 2005 to 32% in 2011. The percentage of births attended to by

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372-867: The Ghaznavids followed by the Ghurids before the Mongol invasion in the 13th century. The area was ruled by Arghun Khan of Ilkhanate , later by the Timurids , Mughals and Safavids . In 1709, the Hotak dynasty rose to power in Kandahar and defeated the Safavids. Then, he took control of the entire southern Afghanistan while most of the Durrani Pashtuns were settled in the Herat area at

403-615: The Kabul Valley , Sindh , Tocharistan , Makran ( Balochistan ), Kerman , Fars , Khorasan, and nearly reached Baghdad but then suffered a defeat by the Abbasids . The Saffarid dynasty did not last long after Ya'qub's death. His brother and successor, Amr bin Laith , was defeated at the Battle of Balkh against Ismail Samani in 900. Amr bin Laith was forced to surrender most of his territories to

434-625: The Taliban insurgency , only one international aid agency ( GIZ ) has a permanent presence in Uruzgan. NATO's ISAF operates a PRT in Tarinkot. The 1,400 Dutch and 1,090 Australian troops in the area secured only the largest population centers in Uruzgan (Deh Rawood, Chora, and Tarinkot towns) under the Dutch " inkspot policy ". However, the force's area of responsibility included the entire province. Gizab district, which

465-559: The Abbasids, whose army was able to turn them back only within a few days' march from Baghdad. From silver mines in the Panjshir Valley , the Saffarids were able to mint silver coins. These incursions, however, forced the Abbasid caliphate to recognize Ya'qub as governor of Sistan, Fars and Kerman , and Saffarids were even offered key posts in Baghdad. Despite Ya'qub's military successes, he

496-526: The Afghan administration or Dutch forces. Between 15 and 19 June 2007, Dutch, American, Australian and Afghan soldiers defended the town of Chora against an assault by Taliban combatants. Reports in the Dutch, Australian and US press indicated that the battle was one of the largest Taliban offensives of the year. The fighting resulted in the deaths of a Dutch soldier, 1 Australian soldier, 1 American soldier, 16 Afghan policemen, an unknown number of civilians and

527-855: The Saffarid dynasty. The Saffarids patronized the Persian language in the form of court poetry and established Persianate culture. Under their rule, the eastern Islamic world witnessed the emergence of prominent Persian poets such as Fayrouz Mashriqi, Abu Salik al-Jirjani, and Muhammad ibn Wasif , who was a court poet. In the later 9th century, the Saffarids gave impetus to a renaissance of New Persian literature and culture. Following Ya'qub's conquest of Herat, some poets chose to celebrate his victory in Arabic, whereupon Ya'qub requested his secretary, Muhammad bin Wasif al-Sistani, to compose those verses in Persian. The religion of

558-729: The Saffarid's founder, Ya'qub, has been a topic of debate. Most of the primary sources were written during or after the fall of the Samanid dynasty and view the Saffarids through Samanid eyes. These primary sources depict Ya'qub either as a religious rascal or a volunteer Sunni warrior - a mutatawwi . The Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk , obsessed with the integrity of the Seljuk Empire, depicts Ya'qub as an Ismaili convert. According to C.E. Bosworth , early Saffarid emirs did not appear to have significant religious beliefs. Since Kharijism prospered in Sistan longer than anywhere else in eastern Iran, it

589-475: The east. Uruzgan covers an area of 12,640 square kilometres (1,264,000 ha). Much of the province is mountainous or semi-mountainous terrain, while the rest of the area is made up of flat land. The Arabs were first to arrive in Uruzgan in the 7th century when they brought Islam to the region followed by the Saffarids who conquered the place in the 9th century. The region was part of ancient Arachosia , and

620-545: The first indigenous Persian dynasties to emerge after the Islamic conquest , the Saffarid dynasty was part of the Iranian Intermezzo . The dynasty's founder was Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar , who was born in 840 in a small town called Karnin (Qarnin), which was located east of Zaranj and west of Bost, in what is now Afghanistan . A native of Sistan and a local ayyār , Ya'qub worked as a coppersmith ( ṣaffār ) before becoming

651-552: The national poverty line , one of the highest figures of all of Afghanistan's provinces. Zabul is by many indications one of Afghanistan's most conservative provinces. The province is represented in Afghan domestic cricket by the Zabul Province cricket team. Oruzgan Province Uruzgan ( Pashto : ارزګان ; Dari : ارزگان ), also spelled as Urozgan or Oruzgan , is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan . Uruzgan

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682-505: The new rulers. The Saffarids were confined to their heartland of Sistan, and with time, their role was reduced to that of vassals of the Samanids and their successors. The dynasty began with Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar (Ya'qub, son of Layth, the Coppersmith), a coppersmith of eastern Iranian origins, who moved to the city of Zaranj. He left work to become an Ayyar and eventually got

713-518: The population is primarily Pashtun , sprinkled throughout around 2,500 remote villages. Major tribal groups include the Tokhi, Hotak, Nasar, Kharoti, Taraki, Ghilji and the Noorzai and Panjpai Durrani . Pashto is the dominant language in the area. The people of Zabul are overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim . Primary occupations within Zabul are agriculture and animal husbandry. 60.8% of the population lived below

744-578: The power to act as an independent ruler. From his capital Zaranj he moved east into al-Rukhkhadj ( Arachosia ), Zamindawar and ultimately Kabul , vanquishing the Zunbils and the Hindu Shahis by 865. He then invaded Bamyan , Balkh , Badghis , and Ghor . In the name of Islam , he conquered these territories which were predominantly ruled by Buddhist tribal chiefs . He took vast amounts of plunder and slaves from this campaign. The Tahirid city of Herat

775-587: The time. In 1747, one of Nader Shah 's commanders, Ahmad Shah Durrani , became leader of the Afghans and the region of Uruzgan was one of the first to become part of his new Durrani Empire , which became what is now the modern state of Afghanistan. During the 1980's Soviet war in Afghanistan , Uruzgan witnessed fighting between pro-Soviet forces and the Mujahideen . One of the most prominent local Mujahideen leaders

806-413: Was Jan Mohammad Khan . In late 1994, Uruzgan was captured by the Taliban . They were toppled by US-led forces in late 2001. Hamid Karzai and his followers arrived in Uruzgan between October and November 2001 to take over control of the area. In June 2002, a wedding party in Uruzgan was bombed by the U.S. Air Force , which resulted in the death of 30 civilians. In 2004, the new Daykundi Province

837-533: Was captured in 870, and Ya'qub's campaign in the Badghis region led to the capture of Kharidjites which later formed the Djash al-Shurat contingent in his army. Ya'qub then turned his focus to the west and began attacks on Khorasan, Khuzestan , Kerman (Southeastern Iran) and Fars (southwestern Iran). The Saffarids then seized Khuzestan (southwestern Iran) and parts of southern Iraq, and in 876 came close to overthrowing

868-757: Was carved out of an area of northern Uruzgan. In August 2006, the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) assumed authority for Uruzgan from the US-led coalition, as the Netherlands took command of the Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) from the US as Task Force Uruzgan . There is also an Australian element under the Dutch command. Because of security concerns and

899-429: Was not an empire builder since he had no concept of a centralized government. In 901, Amr Saffari was defeated at the battle of Balkh by the Samanids , and they lost Khorasan to them. The Saffarids were reduced to the provinces of Fars, Kerman and Sistan. Under Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr (901–908), the dynasty fought the Abbasids for the possession of Fars to maintain its control over the province. However, in 908,

930-703: Was ruled by the Medes before it fell to the Achaemenids . In 330 BC, Alexander the Great occupied the area but left it to the Seleucids to rule. It was later attained and ruled by the Mauryas under Ashoka . By the 7th century, when the Arabs first arrived, it was under the control of the Zunbils before being conquered in the name of Islam by the Saffarids in the 9th century. It fell to

961-589: Was then the most dangerous of Uruzgan's district, had no ISAF presence before. In August 2010, the 1,950 Dutch forces withdrew their forces from Uruzgan province, after a political disagreement in the Dutch parliament, leaving the PRT to the US and Australia to continue the mission. Uruzgan's opium poppy crop reached record levels in 2006 and 2007, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), as no significant eradication efforts were carried out by

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