Misplaced Pages

#832167

23-549: FJ emerged as a 1978 split of New Force , the main neofrancoist party in Spain at the time. The split with the mainstream far-right happened for similar reasons with the previous split of the National Youth Front (FNJ) in 1977. The split happened due to the stagnation of the main far-right political forces and the frustration of new members of the security section - the sections C and Z - of Fuerza Joven (youth-wing of FN). FJ

46-433: A continuation of Francoism in all its forms (whether taking cues from Falangism , Carlism , or Opus Dei Catholicism), and it rejected the constitutional monarchy of Juan Carlos I . FN's membership and supporter base was an amalgam of Catholic traditionalists , technocrats, Falangists, and Spanish nationalists. During the first years of the transition to democracy, FN's members were involved in supporting and perpetrating

69-426: A magazine of the same name  [ es ] ). From the beginning, their literature was aimed at an audience of nostalgic Falangists and Francoists. By 1976, Piñar reorganized FN as the only openly extreme right-wing party represented in the new Spanish democracy; its leadership consisted of Piñar and seven other Francoists, and was headed by General Álvaro de Lacalle Leloup , member of Opus Dei . FN sought for

92-493: A number of terrorist incidents and murders against striking workers, left-wing politicians, trade unionists, journalists, and student organizations. Examples include the murder of 21-year-old CNT member Jorge Caballero by ten members of Fuerza Joven (FN's youth organization), the Montejurra massacre , and several murders by the colluding Guerrilleros de Cristo Rey . One of the most significant terrorist incidents supported by FN

115-546: A political party, FN continued its activities as a publishing house after 1982, including continuing to publish its magazine of the same name. The magazine, under the editorship of Luis Fernandez Villamea , was published weekly (and then biweekly) until its 1466th issue in March 2017. National Front (Spain, 1986) The National Front ( Spanish : Frente Nacional ) was a far-right political party in Spain . The National Front

138-496: A publishing house, FN sought to preserve Francoism in Spain during the transition to democracy . After its dissolution as a political party in 1982, it continued to operate as a publishing house under the same name, and its political activities and stylings were succeeded by the National Front party. New Force was founded in 1966 as Fuerza Nueva Editorial SA , a publishing house of far-right and Francoist literature (by 1967 also

161-450: A section headed by Luis José Cillero . With Cillero, who many called the "young ancient", the loss of membership to Juntas Españolas slowed. In 1992, the European allies of Piñar, with Jean-Marie Le Pen at the lead, threatened to cut their support if he continued to fail. Piñar thought of passing his authority to his right-hand man, Miguel Bernard Remón , founder of Manos Limpias , but he

184-743: The 1982 general election , FN obtained only 0.52% of the vote (108,746 votes total), and Piñar lost his seat in Congress. Internal fights aggravated the crisis within the FN and sparked the appearance of a breakaway movement that culminated in the creation of the Hispanic Union (UH). A number of leaders of later nationalist parties passed through FN's youth organization, Fuerza Joven ("Young Force"), including José Luis Corral (leader of Movimiento Católico Español), Rafael López-Diéguez (general secretary of Spanish Alternative ), and Ricardo Sáenz de Ynestrillas Pérez (of

207-688: The Spanish Civil War , FN was represented by the National Alliance July 18 coalition, an organization that also included the re-founded Falange Española de las JONS and the Carlist Traditionalist Communion ; this coalition failed to achieve any seats, earning only 0.37% of the vote. In the 1979 elections , the coalition was renamed the National Union , and received 2.69% of the vote (378,964 votes). As this percentage

230-667: The 59,964 votes it obtained at the following elections. Many of the party members, moved by their contempt for the gerontocracy at the head of the party, joined with the Juntas Españolas , the Unión Patriótica , and the Círculo Español de Amigos de Europa ( CEDADE ), a neo-Nazi group. In order to slow the decline of its membership, the National Front created the "Youth of the National Front" ( Juventudes del Frente Nacional ),

253-587: The Alliance for National Unity coalition). Other significant figures who were previously members are José Maria del Nido, president of Sevilla FC from 2002 to 2013, and Javier Tebas , lawyer and president of the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional . As a political party, FN was succeeded by the National Front , founded under the same acronym and logo with the assistance of the French National Front (now

SECTION 10

#1732855833833

276-677: The El Parnasillo bombing trial. Newspaper El País found him in Brazil in 2016. New Force (Spain) Defunct New Force ( Spanish : Fuerza Nueva , FN ) was the name of a far-right political party in Spain founded by Blas Piñar , director of the Institute of Hispanic Culture and longtime procurador in the Cortes Españolas during the Francoist period . Originally operating as

299-651: The FNJ was based in Barcelona ). FJ supported violence as a destabilizing element of system, and as its main political strategy. One of the first actions of the group was taking part in the neofascist assault against the Law Faculty of the Complutense University of Madrid in 1979, along with members of Fuerza Joven and FE-JONS . There were at least 30 far-right militants involved in the assault, that resulted in 3 people from

322-402: The Law Faculty with gunshot wounds. On 29 April 1979, the group stabbed Andrés García, an 18 year old communist, at Goya Street. Andrés died due to the injuries. On 14 July, FJ placed a Goma-2 explosive at the bar "El Parnasillo" ( Malasaña ), for allegedly being a place were anarchists and drug addicts congregated. One person died and 9 were injured. In 1980, the group gained new members after

345-544: The National Rally) and the Italian Social Movement . It dissolved in 1993. As a publishing house, Fuerza Nueva Editorial published a number of nationalist, anti-Marxist , and even antisemitic books. Featured authors included Francoist Prime Minister Luis Carrero Blanco and Belgian politician and Nazi collaborator Léon Degrelle . Most frequently published were the works of Piñar himself, and of Horia Sima ,

368-580: The organization. Twenty-four members were arrested in the cities of Madrid and València on 26 January 1981, for various robberies carried out to fund the organization. Also in 1981, 16 members were arrested for various attacks in Valladolid , against the headquarters of the CNT , PSOE , Cervantes Cinema and the City Hall. FJ also killed Carlos Javier Idígoras Navarrete and Luis Arribas Santamaría (a beggar). Later, in

391-482: The ousted Romanian fascist leader, who lived in Spain until his death. Piñar's works focused on promoting Spanish nationalism and unity, whereas Sima's works (including What is Communism? , What is Nationalism? , The Christian Man and Political Action , and Strategies in the Struggle Against Communism ) were primarily anti-Marxist, anti-Masonic , and antisemitic in nature. Though ceasing to exist as

414-549: The same year, FJ also bombed the headquarters of the Communist Movement and various book shops. The group was finally dismantled by the Spanish police in 1982, after a demonstration commemorating the 23-F coup attempt. During the demonstration members of FJ threw molotov cocktails against the police. The historic leader of the group, José de las Heras Hurtado, was in search and seizure since 1984, after failing to appear in

437-401: The self-dissolution of the National Youth Front . The most prominent of the new members was Ernesto Milà . At the end of the same year, Juan Ignacio González, the "national secretary" of the organization, was murdered. The murder was never solved, although there is some speculation that it was caused due to an internal feud between rival factions of the organization. His death caused a crisis in

460-503: Was enough to earn one seat in the Congress of Deputies, Blas Piñar was elected as deputy of Madrid. The majority of parliamentary interventions by Piñar were centred on issues of post-transition Spain, denouncing topics such as separatism, abortion, and economic mismanagement. New Force disappeared officially as a party on 20 November 1982, after the breakup of the National Union coalition and further losses of support. Standing alone in

483-659: Was founded and directed by Blas Piñar as a successor to the Fuerza Nueva . It was created in 1986 with the economic support of other groups of the European far right such as the French Front National and the Italian Social Movement with the objective of increasing their sphere of influence in the European Parliament . In 1987 the National Front did not obtain the 70,000 votes (0.63%) required for representation. A drawn-out debacle ensued that intensified because of

SECTION 20

#1732855833833

506-458: Was founded by José de las Heras and Juan Ignacio González, and later joined by between 100 and 300 members during that year. FJ was opposed to the "parliamentary way" of Fuerza Nueva and FE-JONS , defending also the lack of utility of peaceful demonstrations, supporting the creation of paramilitary units to fight against " marxism ". The Youth Front was based mainly in Madrid and Valladolid (while

529-534: Was the 1977 Atocha massacre , in which members of FN and the Guerrilleros de Cristo Rey assassinated labour activists affiliated with the Communist Party of Spain ; the attack, which was intended to spur a right wing coup d'état in the country, instead led to the arrest and sentencing of five FN affiliates to a collective 464 years in prison. In the 1977 Spanish general election , the first free election since

#832167