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18-638: The city of Yingchang was built by the Khongirad Mongols in 1271, the same year that Kublai (Emperor Shizu) established the Yuan dynasty. The city was the administrative seat of the Prince of Lu (魯王). This square-walled city incorporated symmetrical elements, wide axial streets from the gates led to an administrative compound in the center north area, emulating the Tang style. Shortly after Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong),

36-864: The Chu River where it disappears in the steppe. The Qongyrat tribe of Kazakhs are notable for the extremely high frequency among them (64/95 = 67.37% ) of Y-DNA that belongs to haplogroup C-M407 , a clade that otherwise has been observed with greatest frequency among Buryats (117/217 = 53.9%, 40/80 = 50.0%, 86/298 = 28.9% (mostly northern and western) ) and other indigenous peoples of Buryatia (15/28 = 53.6% Sojots , 27/51 = 52.9% Hamnigans ). Members of C-M407 also have been found with lower frequency among Mongols in Mongolia, Kalmyks (especially Dörwöds ), Manchus in China, and Yakuts in Sakha Republic . They ruled

54-556: The Khiva khanate from 1763 to 1920. Ubasi Khong Tayiji Ubasi Khong Tayiji ( Mongolian : Убаши хунтайж ) was a 17th-century Mongol prince. He was the first Altan Khan of the Khalkha who ruled Khotgoids in northwestern Khalkha. He was defeated by the Oirats in 1623. This Mongolian biographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This biography of

72-863: The Manghud in Bukhara (1753–1920), and the Mings in Kokand (Qǔqon; c. 1710–1876). The Sufi Dynasty (1359–1388) which was founded by the Qongirat elites in Khwārezm ruled their own state under the Jochids and Timur . The Qongirat Inaks became de facto rulers of the Khanate of Khiva in 18th century and their descendants assumed the title of khan themselves in 1804. On 2 February 1920, Khiva 's last khan, Sayid Abdullah , abdicated before its territory

90-598: The Sufi dynasty . After a brief period as independent rulers, they were subjected by Timur . The Khongirads are often identified as the descendants of the ancient Wuku/Wugu tribe in Tang Dynasty records. The tribe's own origin myth claims that they were descended from three brothers born of a golden vessel—Jurluq Mergen, Quba Shira, and Tusbu Da'u. The descendants of these brothers formed the Hongirad tribe, but feuds quickly splintered

108-672: The Yuan Dynasty and Golden Horde were also from the Hongirad. That is why they held enormous powers behind the courts in both states. They forced the rulers of the Golden Horde to make peace with Kublai in 1280s and convinced Tokhta Khan to accept supremacy of the Great Khan in 1304. The Hongirad under queen Dagi and Temüder, the Minister of the Secretariat, reached their political peak in

126-570: The Kazakh Qongyrats lived mainly in what is now Turkistan Region (formerly South Kazakhstan Region), especially in the vicinity of the city of Turkistan . This region borders Uzbekistan, and a majority of the local population has at times been recorded as Uzbek ; the part of the region in which the Kazakh Qongırats were concentrated was located between the Sır River and the lower reaches of

144-606: The Khongirad, belonged to the southern Khalkha tumen in modern Inner Mongolia and Olkhunuts lived in modern Khovd Province . During the 18th century, the basins of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya passed under the control of three Uzbek khanates claiming legitimacy in their descent from Genghis Khan. These were, from west to east, the Khongirads based on Khiva in Khwārezm (1717–1920),

162-577: The Mongol royal line, whose originator, Alan Qo'a, was a woman of the Kharlas clan, an offshoot of the Khongirads founded by the legendary Miser Ulug. Down to the 12th century, Mongol rulers such as Khabul Khan and his great-grandson Genghis Khan were still taking Khongirad wives. Yesugei Ba'atur, the father of Genghis Khan, was not a high ranking Mongol leader, but even he secured himself an Onggirat wife by stealing one from another man. The wives of most rulers of

180-618: The Yuan Dynasty, the principal state of 4 khanates, during the reign of Gegeen Khan Shidebala (r.1321-1323). They built Yingchang city in modern Inner Mongolia in 1271. After the death of the last Yuan emperor, Toghan Temur , who lost his imperial status in China and other Mongol khanates, a body of the Khongirat and Olkhunut (Borte's clan) surrendered to the Ming Dynasty in 1371. Meanwhile,

198-401: The descendants of these heroes became too numerous for the valley to support, but no one remembered the way out. A blacksmith came up with a solution—they would create their own way out by melting an exposed iron vein that existed in one of the encircling mountains. Building a massive fire and stoking it with 70 large bellows, the trapped clan did just that and succeeded in creating a passage to

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216-660: The last Yuan emperor, lost Dadu and Shangdu to the Ming dynasty in 1368 and 1369 respectively, the Yuan remnants (referred to as the Northern Yuan in historiography) established their capital at Yingchang. After the death of Toghon Temür in this city in 1370, the Ming armies under Li Wenzhong managed to capture the Yingchang, one of the major cities still in the hands of the Northern Yuan, in

234-507: The outside world. Once free, the people of Kiyan and Negus went on to create several tribes, including the Mongols and the Hongirads (whose susceptibility to gout was explained by the "fact" that their ancestors were the first to flee Ergene Qun, so they burned their feet on the hot iron). In addition to having a shared ancestry with the Mongols in general, the Hongirads also shared ancestors with

252-505: The ruling house of Genghis Khan 's Mongol empire . Genghis Khan's mother ( Hoelun ), great grandmother, and first wife were all Khongirads, as were many subsequent Mongol Empress and princesses. During the Yuan dynasty they were given the title Lu Wang ("Prince of Lu"; Chinese : 鲁王 ), and a few Khongirads migrated west into the territory of modern Uzbekistan and Turkistan Region where they became governors of Khwarazm and were known as

270-2564: The same year. Ayushiridara (Emperor Zhaozong) fled north soon afterwards and later made Karakorum the capital city. The Northern Yuan once took back Yingchang in 1374, but the Ming recaptured the city in 1380. Three Eastern Tumens Khalkha Chahar Uriankhai Three Western Tumens Ordos Tumed Yunshebu Tümen Choros Torghut Khoid Dörbet Oirat Yingchang Karakorum Hohhot Khagan Khan Khatun Taishi Jinong Khong Tayiji Noyan Tarkhan Councellor Wang Ukhaantu Khan Toghun-Temur (1368–1370) Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara (1370–1378) Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür (1378–1388) Jorightu Khan Yesüder (1388–1391) Engke Khan (1391–1394) Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1394–1399) Gün Temür Khan (1399–1402) Örüg Temür Khan Gulichi (1402–1408) Öljei Temür Khan Bunyashiri (1403–1412) Delbeg Khan (1411–1415) Oyiradai Khan (1415–1425) Adai Khan (1425–1438) Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha (1433–1452) Agbarjin (1453) Esen Taishi (1453–1454) Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465) Molon Khan (1465–1466) Manduul Khan (1475–1479) Dayan Khan (1480–1516) Bars Bolud Jinong (deputy) Bodi Alagh Khan (1516–1547) Darayisung Gödeng Khan (1547–1557) Tümen Jasaghtu Khan (1557–1592) Buyan Sechen Khan (1592–1604) Ligdan Khan (1604–1634) Ejei Khan (1634–1635) Altan Khan (1521–1582) Sengge Düüreng Khan (1583–1585) Namudai Sechen Khan (1586–1607) Boshugtu Khung Taiji (1608–1636) Barsu-Bolod (d. 1521) Mergen Jinong (d. 1542) Noyandara Jinong (1543–1572) Buyan Baatur Taiji (1573–1576) Boshugtu Jinong (1577–1624) Erinchen Jinong (1624–1636) Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588) Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?) Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655) Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698) Laikhur Khan Subandai Khan Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661) Chambun Khan (1670?–) Zenggün Shara (d. 1687) Soloi Maqasamadi Sechen Khan (1577–1652) Baba Sechen Khan (1653–?) Sechen Khan (d. 1686) Ubasi Khong Tayiji (c.1609–1623) Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji (1623–1652) Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji (1652–1667) Khongirad The Khongirad ( / ˈ k ɒ ŋ ɡ ɪ r æ d / ; Mongolian : ᠬᠣᠩᠭᠢᠷᠠᠳ Хонгирад ; Kazakh : Қоңырат , romanized :  Qoñyrat ; Chinese : 弘吉剌 ; pinyin : Hóngjílá )

288-776: The tribe and gave rise to the offshoot tribes of the Ikires, Olkhonud , Karanut, Gorlos , and Qongliyuts. Only the descendants of Jurluq Mergen retained the tribal name of Hongirad. One of the most famous Hongirad ancestors was Miser Ulug, an Onggirat Hercules who was super-humanly strong and often slept for days at a time. Many names of the 12th century's Hongirads and their subtribes have Mongol origin: Shamanic practices continue in present-day Mongol culture. According to Mongol legend, two warriors named Kiyan ( Khiyad ) and Negus (Mongolian: Nokhos, dog or wolf) were defeated in battle and forced to seek shelter in an enclosed valley called Ergune khun ("steep cliffs"). After several generations

306-771: Was finally incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1924. Descendants are found among the people in Mongolia and the Yugurs in Gansu , China , and little bit in the Karakalpaks and the Uzbegs . Currently a Kazakh tribe of the Middle Juz named Qoñyrat (or less commonly Qoñğyrat) are considered descendants of Khongirads (Ongrat, Kungrat in (Gumilev, n.d). Around the beginning of the 20th century CE,

324-482: Was one of the major divisions of the Mongol tribes. Their homeland was located in the vicinity of Lake Hulun in Inner Mongolia and Khalkha River in Mongolia, where they maintained close ties with the ruling dynasties of northern China. Because the various Hongirad clans never united under a single leader, the tribe never rose to great military glory. Their greatest fame comes from being the primary consort clan of

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