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61-541: Yash Raj Films ( YRF ) is an Indian film production and distribution company founded by filmmaker Yash Chopra in 1970. Since 2012, it has been led by his son Aditya Chopra . The company mainly produces and distributes Hindi films . In 1970, YRF was founded by Yash Raj Chopra , a veteran director and producer in the Indian film industry . In 2005, Chopra built YRF Studios in Mumbai . In 2006, The first film shot at YRF Studios

122-420: A cast and crew of hundreds, while a low-budget, independent film may be made by a "skeleton crew" of eight or nine (or fewer). These are typical crew positions: In production, the film is created and shot. In this phase, it is key to keep planning ahead of the daily shoot. The primary aim is to stick to the budget and schedule, which requires constant vigilance. More crew will be recruited at this stage, such as

183-464: A certain appeal of the film to a possible audience. Not all films make a profit from the theatrical release alone, however, the studio mainly targets the opening weekend and the second weekend to make most domestic profits. Occasionally, a film called a "word of mouth film" does not market strongly but its success spreads by word of mouth. It slowly gains its audience. These are special circumstances and these films may remain in theaters for 5 months while

244-476: A film score composer with Let's Talk (2002) directed by Ram Madhvani . Thereafter, he composed for several films like Khakee (2004) and Family (2006) by Rajkumar Santoshi , besides Jumbo (2008), Aagey Se Right (2009) and Luv Ka The End (2011). However, he first received popular acclaim with Delhi Belly (2011) produced by Aamir Khan . Most notably hit track "Bhaag DK Bose Aandhi Aayi" with -rock beat, became an internet sensation ahead of

305-538: A film, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, traditional distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. In the past, most independent filmmakers have relied on film festivals (such as Sundance Film Festival , Venice Film Festival , Cannes Film Festival , and Toronto International Film Festivals ) to get their films noticed and sold for distribution and production. However,

366-441: A freelance job held by recent university graduates, does not feed scripts into the system that are ready for production nor already produced. "Coverage" is a way for young screenwriters to be read and their ideas might make their way up to an executive or famous producer and result in "meet and greets" where relations with up-and-comers can be formed. But it has not historically yielded ideas studios pursue into production. The studio

427-430: A green light may have protracted difficulties in making the transition to pre-production and enter a phase referred to as developmental hell for extended period of time or until developmental turnaround . Analogous to almost any business venture, financing of a film project deals with the study of filmmaking as the management and procurement of investments . It includes the dynamics of assets that are required to fund

488-527: A masterpiece here." Thereafter, Akhtar signed him again for his next production, Fukrey , directed by Mrigdeep Singh Lamba. Fukrey was a sleeper hit and opened to good music reviews, especially for the song "Ambarsariya", an adaptation of a traditional Punjabi folk song, performed by Sona Mohapatra , his wife and regular collaborator. In 2009, he appeared as a judge of singing reality series, MTV Rock On (Season 1) on MTV India , along with singer Kailash Kher and MTV VJ Nikhil Chinapa . Ram Sampath

549-415: A pairing of producers with writers , where they develop a "take", a basic story idea that utilizes the concept given by studio executives. Often it is a competition with several pairings meeting with studio executives and "pitching" their "take". Very few writing jobs are from original ideas brought to studios by producers or writers. Perhaps one movie a year will be a "spec" script that was purchased. Once

610-606: A rock band. Over the years, he has composed advertising jingles for brands like Airtel, Docomo, Thums Up, Pepsi and the Times of India, for which he composed the theme song for the "I Lead India" campaign in 2013. In 2008, he collaborated with the Australian rock band INXS to record Indian version of their songs, God's Top Ten , Devil's Party , and Afterglow . Also in 2008, the Bombay High Court ruled that two songs from

671-601: A sequel. They will additionally acquire a completed and independently financed and produced film. Such notable examples are Little Miss Sunshine , The English Patient , and Roma . Studios hold general meetings with producers and screenwriters about original story ideas. "In my decade working as a writer, I knew of only a few that were sold and fewer that made it to the screen," relays writer Wayne Powers. Alan Watt, writer-director and Founder of The LA Writer's Lab confirmed that completed original screenplays, referred to as "specs", make big news when they sell, but these make up

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732-553: A strategic move by the company to infuse newer jobs into Indian Cinema in the form of actors, screenwriters, directors and technicians. In a bid to break away from the traditional star system of Indian cinema, the company ventured into producing low-budgeted independent films with new creatives (actors, creatives and technicians) from 2008. Apart from working with upcoming actors, the company independently launched several new faces as leading actors in several of their big-budgeted films through their home banner and through Y-Films . YRF

793-399: A three-film co-production agreement with YRF, Ta Ra Rum Pum , Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic and Roadside Romeo . Disney's move was seen as a bid to increase its global recognition and finally enter the increasingly lucrative Indian Cinema arena. In 2009, Disney offered a 49% acquisition of YRF for ₹ 2,500 crore (US$ 300 million) (unadjusted for inflation), which took the valuation of

854-418: A typical film run is closer to 5 weekends. Further earnings result from pay television purchases, foreign market purchases and DVD sales to establish worldwide distribution gross of a film. Once a screenplay is "green-lit", directors and actors are attached and the film proceeds into the pre-production stage, although sometimes development and pre-production stages will overlap. Projects which fail to obtain

915-691: A variety of independent films and Parallel Cinema productions within India, such as Godmother (1999), Zubeidaa (2001), Maqbool (2004), Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities (2004), My Brother Nikhil (2005), Mangal Pandey: The Rising (2005) and Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara (2005). YRF Distributors released several films such as Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai (2000), Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (2001), Koi... Mil Gaya (2003), Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003), Black (2005), Krrish (2006) and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006). In 2013,

976-445: A very small portion of movies that are ultimately given the green light to be produced by the president of a studio. The executives return from the retreat with fairly well-established instructions. They spread these concepts through the industry community, especially to producers they have deals with (traditional studios will have those producers in offices on their lots). Also, agents for screenwriters are made aware. This results in

1037-399: A yearly retreat where their top creative executives meet and interact on a variety of areas and topics they wish to explore through collaborations with producers and screenwriters, and then ultimately, directors , actors, and actresses. They choose trending topics from the media and real life, as well as many other sources, to determine their yearly agenda. For example, in a year when action

1098-479: Is customary for the production office to arrange a wrap party , to thank all the cast and crew for their efforts. For the production phase on live-action films , synchronizing work schedules of key cast and crew members is very important. For many scenes, several cast members and many crew members must be physically present at the same place at the same time (and bankable stars may need to rush from one project to another). Animated films have different workflow at

1159-454: Is drawn up to plan expenditures for the film. For major productions, insurance is procured to protect against accidents. Pre-production also includes working out the shoot location and casting process. The Producer hires a Line Manager or a Production Manager to create the schedule and budget for the film. The nature of the film, and the budget, determine the size and type of crew used during filmmaking. Many Hollywood blockbusters employ

1220-636: Is headquartered in Mumbai . In India, YRF has a network of distribution offices in Mumbai , Delhi , Jalandhar , Jaipur , Amravati , Indore , Bengaluru , Hyderabad , Kolkata , Chennai and Kochi . Internationally, there are offices in the United Kingdom , the United States of America , and the United Arab Emirates . Throughout the years of its existence, YRF inked various business agreements with independent film and media entities present in

1281-445: Is popular, they may wish to explore that topic in one or more movies. Sometimes, they purchase the rights to articles, bestselling novels, plays , the remaking of older films , stories with some basis in real life through a person or event, a video game , fairy tale , comic book , graphic novel . Likewise, research through surveys may inform their decisions. They may have had blockbusters from their previous year and wish to explore

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1342-404: Is the film distributor who at an early stage attempts to choose a slate of concepts that are likely to have market appeal and find potential financial success. Hollywood distributors consider factors such as the film genre , the target audience and assumed audience, the historical success of similar films, the actors who might appear in the film, and potential directors. All these factors imply

1403-460: Is up!" to inform everyone that a take is about to be recorded, and then "quiet, everyone!" Once everyone is ready to shoot, the AD calls "roll sound" (if the take involves sound), and the production sound mixer will start their equipment, record a verbal slate of the take's information, and announce "sound speed", or just "speed", when they are ready. The AD follows with "roll camera", answered by "speed!" by

1464-739: The Times of India . Born to a Tamilian father and Kannadiga mother, Sampath grew up in Chembur , Mumbai where he did his schooling from OLPS High School . Both his parents were musically inclined, while his grandfather TV Ramanujam, was one of the founders of Shanmukhananda Hall, a cultural centre in Sion, Mumbai , established in 1952. Thus his ancestral house, was frequented by leading musicians and singers of Carnatic music . Later on, he too learnt Carnatic music for eight years. After his schooling he studied commerce at Podar College , Mumbai, where he played keyboard in

1525-438: The film editor reviewing the footage with the director and assembling the film out of selected takes. The production sound (dialogue) is also edited; music tracks and songs are composed and recorded if a film is intended to have a score; sound effects are designed and recorded. Any computer-generated visual effects are digitally added by an artist . Finally, all sound elements are mixed down into "stems", which are synchronized to

1586-432: The internet has allowed for the relatively inexpensive distribution of independent films on websites such as YouTube . As a result, several companies have emerged to assist filmmakers in getting independent movies seen and sold via mainstream internet marketplaces, often adjacent to popular Hollywood titles. With internet movie distribution, independent filmmakers who choose to forego a traditional distribution deal now have

1647-481: The property master , script supervisor , assistant directors, stills photographer , picture editor , and sound editors . These are the most common roles in filmmaking; the production office will be free to create any unique blend of roles to suit the various responsibilities needed during the production of a film. Communication is key between the location, set, office, production company, distributors and all other parties involved. A typical day shooting begins with

1708-514: The Diwali day of 2012 and went on to earn ₹ 241 crore (US$ 29 million) and became the fifteenth highest-grossing film in India. Dhoom 3 released in (Hindi, Tamil, Telugu and Arabic) on the Christmas week of 2013 and grossed approximately ₹ 542 crore (US$ 65 million), in the worldwide market and went on to become the twelfth highest-grossing film of Indian cinema, as of January 2022. After

1769-567: The First Draft. Preliminary discussions are minimal with studio executives but might be quite detailed with the producer. Next, a screenwriter writes a screenplay over a period of several months, or however long it takes. Deadlines are in their contracts but there is no pressure to adhere to them. Again, every writer's process and speed vary. The screenwriter may rewrite the script several times to improve dramatization, clarity, structure, characters, dialogue, and overall style. Script Coverage,

1830-533: The Indian entertainment company to ₹ 5,000 crore (equivalent to ₹ 130 billion or US$ 1.5 billion in 2023), In 2011, a 99% share acquisition offer by Disney was accepted by UTV for ₹ 2,000 crore (US$ 240 million) (unadjusted for inflation). The two companies together established Disney UTV , which functioned as the Indian subsidiary of the American company. In December 2016, Disney announced that it

1891-540: The ability to reach global audiences. Ram Sampath Ram Sampath (born 25 July 1977) is an Indian composer, music producer and musician, who started his career composing advertising jingles for Mumbai -based advertising industry, subsequently he started composing for pop albums like Tanha Dil (2000) by Shaan , before composing for films like Khakee , Delhi Belly (2011), Talaash (2012), Raees etc. He has composed music for advertising jingles for brands like Airtel , Docomo , Thums Up , Pepsi and

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1952-548: The advent of home video in the late 1970s, most major films have followed a pattern of having several distinct release windows. A film may first be released to a few select cinemas , or if it tests well enough , may go directly into wide release . Next, it is released, normally at different times several weeks (or months) apart, into different market segments like rental , retail , pay-per-view , in-flight entertainment , cable television , satellite television , or free-to-air broadcast television. The distribution rights for

2013-409: The camera and sound stop recording. The script supervisor will note any continuity issues, and the sound and camera teams log technical notes for the take on their respective report sheets. If the director decides additional takes are required, the whole process repeats. Once satisfied, the crew moves on to the next camera angle or "setup", until the whole scene is "covered." When shooting is finished for

2074-419: The camera operator once the camera is recording. The clapper loader , who is already in front of the camera with the clapperboard , calls "marker!" and slaps it shut. If the take involves extras or background action, the AD will cue them ("action background!"), and last is the director, telling the actors "action!". The AD may echo "action" louder on large sets. A take is over when the director calls "Cut!" and

2135-446: The company's distribution team sold the satellite rights of its venture Dhoom 3 for ₹ 75 crore (US$ 9.0 million) to Sony Entertainment Television. The company impacted the music industry through Darr (1993), Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995) and Dil To Pagal Hai (1997). In 2004, YRF established its independent feature music distribution company named YRF Music. The first soundtrack to be distributed under YRF Music

2196-403: The country. Film production Although filmmaking originally involved the use of film , most film productions are now digital . Today, filmmaking refers to the process of crafting an audio-visual story commercially for distribution or broadcast. Film production consists of five major stages: The development stage contains both general and specific components. Each film studio has

2257-424: The crew arriving on the set/location by their call time. Actors usually have their own separate call times. Since set construction, dressing and lighting can take many hours or even days, they are often set up in advance. The grip , electric and production design crews are typically a step ahead of the camera and sound departments: for efficiency's sake, while a scene is being filmed, they are already preparing

2318-547: The death of Yash Chopra in October 2012, Aditya Chopra was elevated to the position of chairman and Chief Executive of the company's studio wing. Facing overwhelming pressure by the Indian bourses to be publicly listed around the same period, the company went for a soft-launch on 3 January 2013. The company received angel investment by institutional fund-raisers such as LIC of India , RNT Associates , PremjiInvest , Catamaran Ventures , Maruti Udyog and Unilazer Ventures . YRF

2379-615: The development process proceeds from there and how much detail a writer returns to the studio to divulge before beginning writing can vary greatly. Screenwriters are often protected by the union, the Writers Guild of America , or WGA. The WGA allows a screenwriter to contract for One Draft, One Revision, and One Polish. Bob Eisle, Writer and Member of the Guild Board, states, "Additional writing requires an extension of contracts and payment for additional work". They are paid 80% of their fee after

2440-403: The film are also usually sold for worldwide distribution. The distributor and the production company share profits and manage losses. Filmmaking also takes place outside of the mainstream and is commonly called independent filmmaking . Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized and economically viable. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit

2501-622: The film is advertised and promoted . A B-roll clip may be released to the press based on raw footage shot for a "making of" documentary, which may include making-of clips as well as on-set interviews separate from those of the production company or distributor. For major films, key personnel are often contractually required to participate in promotional tours in which they appear at premieres and festivals and sit for interviews with many TV, print, and online journalists. The largest productions may require more than one promotional tour, in order to rejuvenate audience demand at each release window. Since

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2562-455: The film is carefully designed and planned. This is the phase where one would narrow down all the options of the production. It is where all the planning takes place before the camera rolls and sets the overall vision of the project. The production company is created and a production office established. The film is pre-visualized by the director and may be storyboarded with the help of illustrators and concept artists . A production budget

2623-405: The film, Krazzy 4 , including the title track "Krazzy4" and "Break-free" plagiarised the " hook -phrase" from an advertisement previously composed by Sampath for Sony Ericsson . The court ordered a stay on film's release with the two songs. Subsequently, the case was settled out-of-court after producers paid Sampath ₹ 20 million (US$ 240,000), and film was released along with the songs. However

2684-586: The filmmaking and liabilities incurred during the filmmaking over the time period from early development through the management of profits and losses after distribution under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk. The practical aspects of filmmaking finance can also be defined as the science of the money management of all phases involved in filmmaking. Film finance aims to price assets based on their risk level and their expected rate of return based upon anticipated profits and protection against losses. In pre-production, every step of actually creating

2745-486: The images on the screen, and the film is fully completed ("locked"). Distribution is the last stage, where the film is released in movie theaters or, occasionally, directly to consumer media ( VHS , VCD , DVD , Blu-ray ) or direct download from a digital media provider. The film is duplicated as required (either onto film or hard disk drives ) and distributed in cinemas for exhibition (screening). Press kits, posters, and other advertising materials are published, and

2806-453: The judgment was seen by "landmark decision" by legal commentators, as it set a new precedent in the Indian film industry, often plagued with plagiarism. In 2012, he composed the highly popular title track "Tera Rang Aisa" of the debut talkshow Satyamev Jayate hosted by Aamir Khan , it had lyrics by Prasoon Joshi . He was also part of the 2013 season of the popular television music series Coke Studio . Sampath got his first break as

2867-511: The most unsuccessful films produced under the banner were Jhoom Barabar Jhoom , Laaga Chunari Mein Daag , Aaja Nachle , Tashan , Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic , Roadside Romeo , Dil Bole Hadippa! , Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year and Pyaar Impossible . Aditya Chopra then took over as the vice-chairman of Yash Raj Films in 2010, soon after the release of the film Badmaash Company under

2928-441: The next one. While the crew prepares their equipment, the actors do their costumes and attend the hair and make-up departments. The actors rehearse the script and blocking with the director, and the camera and sound crews rehearse with them and make final tweaks. Finally, the action is shot in as many takes as the director wishes. Most American productions follow a specific procedure: The assistant director (AD) calls "picture

2989-416: The next shooting day. Later on, the director, producer, other department heads, and, sometimes, the cast, may gather to watch that day or yesterday's footage, called dailies , and review their work. With workdays often lasting fourteen or eighteen hours in remote locations, film production tends to create a team spirit . When the entire film is "in the can", or in the completion of the production phase, it

3050-784: The producer and writer have sold their approach to the desired subject matter, they begin to work. However, many writers and producers usually pass before a particular concept is realized in a way that is awarded a green light to production. Production of Unforgiven , which earned Oscars for its Director/Star Clint Eastwood , as well as its screenwriter, David Webb Peoples, required fifteen years. Powers related that The Italian Job took approximately eight years from concept to screen, which, as Powers added, "is average." And most concepts turned into paid screenplays wind up gathering dust on some executive's shelf, never to see production. Writers have different styles and creative processes; some have stronger track records than others. Because of this, how

3111-461: The production phase, in that voice actors can record their takes in the recording studio at different times and may not see one another until the film's premiere. Animated films also have different crew, since most physical live-action tasks are either unnecessary or are simulated by various types of animators . This stage is usually thought of as starting when principal photography ends, but they may overlap. The bulk of post-production consists of

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3172-518: The release of the film. Later he received a Filmfare Award nomination for the film. His next film, Talaash (2012) was a joint production between Farhan Akhtar 's Excel Entertainment and Aamir Khan Productions also starring Aamir Khan as the lead. The music received positive reviews, including Indiaglitz , which noted, "Once again Ram Sampath has an unmatched compilation of tracks here. Along with Javed Akhtar 's fantastic lyrics they have created

3233-480: The same banner. In 2011, the company went into production of three individual films with Aamir Khan for Dhoom 3 , Shah Rukh Khan for Jab Tak Hai Jaan and with Salman Khan for Ek Tha Tiger , the first installment in the YRF Spy Universe . The three films would become the most expensive productions ever undertaken by YRF; Ek Tha Tiger was produced at ₹ 75 crore (US$ 9.0 million), Jab Tak Hai Jaan

3294-439: The scene, the assistant director declares a "wrap" or "moving on", and the crew will "strike", or dismantle, the set for that scene. At the end of the day, the director approves the next day's shooting schedule and a daily progress report is sent to the production office. This includes the report sheets from continuity, sound, and camera teams. Call sheets are distributed to the cast and crew to tell them when and where to turn up

3355-872: Was announced as a subsidiary of Yash Raj Films, in Beverly Hills, California , USA, with Uday Chopra serving as the CEO. By 2023, YRF Entertainment was transformed into the streaming division of Yash Raj Films. YRF launched a number of budding screenwriters and directors under their banner throughout these years. Directors and screenwriters such as Kunal Kohli , Kabir Khan , Sanjay Gadhvi , Ali Abbas Zafar , Jaideep Sahni , Siddharth Anand , Shimit Amin , Habib Faisal , Shaad Ali , Maneesh Sharma and Vijay Krishna Acharya debuted under YRF and have gone on to become independent entities in films. The company also produced films for filmmakers such as Anil Mehta , Chandraprakash Dwivedi and Pradeep Sarkar under their banner. The company

3416-419: Was made open to Indian enterprises only and no FDI was accepted. Venture capitalists also showed interest with Adi Godrej , Y. C. Deveshwar , Kumar Birla , Arundhati Bhattacharya , Anand Mahindra , Chanda Kochhar , Sunil Mittal , Shikha Sharma and Uday Kotak investing undisclosed sums. YRF produced more films under the chairmanship of Chopra and the new management. In November 2011, YRF Entertainment

3477-480: Was produced at ₹ 60 crore (US$ 7.2 million) and Dhoom 3 was produced at ₹ 150 crore (US$ 18 million). All three of these films broke box office records in India and went on to become some of the highest-grossing films of their time. Ek Tha Tiger , which released on the 66th Independence Day of India, earned approximately ₹ 320 crore (US$ 38 million) and became the eleventh highest-grossing film of Indian cinema. Jab Tak Hai Jaan opened worldwide on

3538-816: Was ranked #1 (among the most successful film production companies in India) in a survey conducted by Filmfare and Number 27 (among the most successful film production companies in the world) in a survey by The Hollywood Reporter . Apart from producing big-budgeted films with established actors, YRF also announced several films featuring relative newcomers in the fourth quarter of 2012; Aurangzeb starring Prithviraj Sukumaran , Sashaa Agha and Arjun Kapoor , Gunday starring Ranveer Singh , Bewakoofiyaan starring Ayushmann Khurrana and Sonam Kapoor , Daawat-e-Ishq with Aditya Roy Kapur , Mardaani with Rani Mukerji , and Kill Dil starring Ali Zafar and Govinda . The films released all through 2013 and 2014 were seen as

3599-410: Was restructuring its Indian operations and UTV will no longer produce movies and will focus only on the distribution of its Hollywood films. From 2007 to 2010 the company saw an all-time low, with several of their high-budgeted films failing at the box office, and thereby suffering losses amounting to millions. The films broke YRF's perfect success ratio and were oddly released one after another. Some of

3660-747: Was the company's critical and commercial blockbuster epic love saga Veer-Zaara . It supported the careers of upcoming composers such as Jatin–Lalit ( Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge ), Anu Malik ( Dum Laga Ke Haisha ), Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy ( Bunty Aur Babli ), Pritam ( Dhoom ), Vishal–Shekhar ( Salaam Namaste ), Salim–Sulaiman ( Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ), Amit Trivedi ( Ishaqzaade ), Ram Sampath ( Luv Ka The End ), Sajid–Wajid ( Daawat-e-Ishq ), Sohail Sen ( Mere Brother Ki Dulhan ), Raghu Dixit ( Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge ), Sachin–Jigar ( Shuddh Desi Romance ), Mithoon ( Shamshera ), Jasleen Royal ( Hichki ), and Amartya Rahut ( Aurangzeb ). In 2007, The Walt Disney Company entered Indian Entertainment through

3721-772: Was the romantic thriller Fanaa in 2006. Since then, several notable films have been shot at YRF Studios, including Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), Partner (2007), Taare Zameen Par (2007), Dostana (2008), Wanted (2009), 3 Idiots (2009), Dabangg (2010), Bodyguard (2011), Ra.One (2011), Agneepath (2012), Chennai Express (2013), Jai Ho (2014), and PK (2014). The studio consists of six floors and spans 20 acres. YRF Studios has also been rented out for other film and television productions, including 10 Ka Dum , and Kaun Banega Crorepati for Sony Entertainment , as well as Kya Aap Paanchvi Pass Se Tez Hain? , Koffee With Karan , and Satyamev Jayate for STAR India . The YRF has distributed

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