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66-545: Archeological artefacts dating back to the 22nd century BCE, which include knives , axes , adzes , sickles , pots , bowls, and various examples of clay and brick pottery, have been found within the county. The area of present-day Yanchuan County once belonged to the Beidi state of Zhai  [ zh ] . King Wen of Zhou attempted to attack the Zhai in the 17th year of Di Yi 's reign (circa 1084 BCE). A number of settlements from

132-481: A hunting knife , soldiers use the combat knife , scouts, campers, and hikers carry a pocketknife ; there are kitchen knives for preparing foods (the chef's knife , the paring knife, bread knife , cleaver ), table knife ( butter knives and steak knives ), weapons ( daggers or switchblades ), knives for throwing or juggling, and knives for religious ceremony or display (the kirpan ). A modern knife consists of: The blade edge can be plain or serrated , or

198-447: A tantō , a common Japanese knife. An athame , a ceremonial knife, is used in Wicca and derived forms of neopagan witchcraft. In Greece , a black-handled knife placed under the pillow is used to keep away nightmares. As early as 1646 reference is made to a superstition of laying a knife across another piece of cutlery being a sign of witchcraft . A common belief is that if a knife

264-451: A combination of both. Single-edged knives may have a reverse edge or false edge occupying a section of the spine. These edges are usually serrated and are used to further enhance function. The handle, used to grip and manipulate the blade safely, may include a tang , a portion of the blade that extends into the handle. Knives are made with partial tangs (extending part way into the handle, known as "stick tangs") or full tangs (extending

330-406: A cradle, to protect the baby; knives were included in some Anglo-Saxon burial rites, so the dead would not be defenseless in the next world. The knife plays an important role in some initiation rites, and many cultures perform rituals with a variety of knives, including the ceremonial sacrifices of animals. Samurai warriors, as part of bushido , could perform ritual suicide, or seppuku , with

396-674: A cutting edge or blade , usually attached to a handle or hilt . One of the earliest tools used by humanity, knives appeared at least 2.5 million years ago , as evidenced by the Oldowan tools. Originally made of wood, bone, and stone (such as flint and obsidian ), over the centuries, in step with improvements in both metallurgy and manufacturing, knife blades have been made from copper , bronze , iron , steel , ceramic , and titanium . Most modern knives have either fixed or folding blades; blade patterns and styles vary by maker and country of origin. Knives can serve various purposes. Hunters use

462-453: A layered structure, combining the attributes of both. For example, a harder, more brittle steel may be pressed between an outer layer of softer, tougher, stainless steel to reduce vulnerability to corrosion. In this case, however, the part most affected by corrosion, the edge, is still vulnerable. Damascus steel is a form of pattern welding with similarities to laminate construction. Layers of different steel types are welded together, but then

528-408: A local unsuccessful rebellion against the nascent dynasty. In March 1649, his forces occupied the center of Yanchuan County. Severe flooding destroyed much of Yanchuan's center in 1660, destroying the city's north gate and eastern wall. The county witnessed a solar eclipse on the morning of April 1, 1688. A locust plague destroyed much of the region's crops in 1691. An earthquake struck

594-557: A number of different materials, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Handles are produced in a wide variety of shapes and styles. Handles are often textured to enhance grip. More exotic materials usually only seen on art or ceremonial knives include: Stone, bone, mammoth tooth, mammoth ivory, oosik (walrus penis bone), walrus tusk, antler (often called stag in a knife context), sheep horn, buffalo horn, teeth, and mop (mother of pearl or "pearl"). Many materials have been employed in knife handles. Handles may be adapted to accommodate

660-668: A number of different zhou: Jizhou (Chinese: 基州 ) was formed from the southwest portion, Xihezhou (Chinese: 西和州 ) was formed from the southeast portion, and Nanpingzhou (Chinese: 南平州 ) was formed from the northeast portion. Xihezhou would administer three counties: a new iteration of Anmin County (same name as the previous one), Xiuwen County (Chinese: 修文县 ), and Sangyuan County (Chinese: 桑园县 ). Nanpingzhou would administer Yimen County ( simplified Chinese : 义门县 ; traditional Chinese : 義門縣 ) and Chengping County (Chinese: 城平县 ). However, just two years later, Nanpingzhou

726-427: A sharp edge for years with no maintenance at all, but are fragile and will break if dropped on a hard surface or twisted in use. They can only be sharpened on silicon carbide sandpaper and appropriate grinding wheels. Plastic blades are not sharp and are usually serrated to enable them to cut. They are often disposable. Steel blades are commonly shaped by forging or stock removal. Forged blades are made by heating

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792-445: A single piece of steel, then shaping the metal while hot using a hammer or press. Stock removal blades are shaped by grinding and removing metal. With both methods, after shaping, the steel must be heat treated . This involves heating the steel above its critical point, then quenching the blade to harden it. After hardening, the blade is tempered to remove stresses and make the blade tougher. Mass manufactured kitchen cutlery uses both

858-427: A small amount of carbon. It is not able to take quite as sharp an edge as carbon steel, but is highly resistant to corrosion. High carbon stainless steel is stainless steel with a higher amount of carbon, intended to incorporate the better attributes of carbon steel and stainless steel. High carbon stainless steel blades do not discolor or stain, and maintain a sharp edge. Laminated blades use multiple metals to create

924-596: A stud, hole, disk, or flipper located on the blade, all of which have the benefit of allowing the user to open the knife with one hand. The "wave" feature is another prominent design, which uses a part of the blade that protrudes outward to catch on one's pocket as it is drawn, thus opening the blade; this was patented by Ernest Emerson and is not only used on many of the Emerson knives, but also on knives produced by several other manufacturers, notably Spyderco and Cold Steel . Automatic or switchblade knives open using

990-412: A utility tool the knife can take many forms, including: The knife plays a significant role in some cultures through ritual and superstition , as the knife was an essential tool for survival since early man. Knife symbols can be found in various cultures to symbolize all stages of life; for example, a knife placed under the bed while giving birth is said to ease the pain, or, stuck into the headboard of

1056-472: A wavy, scalloped or saw-like blade. Serrated blades are more well suited for tasks that require aggressive 'sawing' motions, whereas plain edge blades are better suited for tasks that require push-through cuts (e.g., shaving, chopping, slicing). Many knives have holes in the blade for various uses. Holes are commonly drilled in blades to reduce friction while cutting, increase single-handed usability of pocket knives, and, for butchers' knives, allow hanging out of

1122-435: Is an OTF (out-the-front) switchblade, which only requires the push of a button or spring to cause the blade to slide out of the handle and lock into place. To retract the blade back into the handle, a release lever or button, usually the same control as to open, is pressed. A very common form of sliding knife is the sliding utility knife (commonly known as a stanley knife or boxcutter). The handles of knives can be made from

1188-595: Is given as a gift, the relationship of the giver and recipient will be severed. Something such as a small coin, dove or a valuable item is exchanged for the gift, rendering "payment." Some types of knives are restricted by law, and carrying of knives may be regulated, because they are often used in crime, although restrictions vary greatly by jurisdiction and type of knife. For example, some laws prohibit carrying knives in public while other laws prohibit possession of certain knives, such as switchblades . Western Wei Wei ( / w eɪ / ), known in historiography as

1254-460: Is transferred from the hook on the blade's tang to the hook on the rocker bar and thence to the small rocker pin. Excessive stress can shear one or both of these hooks rendering the knife effectively useless. Knife company Cold Steel uses a variant of the lock back called the Tri-Ad Lock which introduces a pin in front of the rocker bar to relieve stress on the rocker pin, has an elongated hole around

1320-412: Is used to mechanically strengthen the knife. Knife blades can be manufactured from a variety of materials, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Carbon steel , an alloy of iron and carbon , can be very sharp. It holds its edge well, and remains easy to sharpen, but is vulnerable to rust and stains. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium , possibly nickel , and molybdenum , with only

1386-514: The Republic of China's short-lived system of circuits . In 1128, Jin dynasty armies occupied Yanchuan County, although they left the existing administrative structure intact. In 1252, the town of Anding was split off of Yanchuan as its own county, which would later become Zichang. A plague of locusts destroyed the area's crops in May 1404. The county's food supply was again thrown into jeopardy in

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1452-717: The Tuoba clan of the Xianbei . After the Xianbei general Yuwen Tai killed the Northern Wei emperor Yuan Xiu, he installed Yuan Baoju as emperor of Western Wei while Yuwen Tai would remain as the virtual ruler. Although smaller than the Eastern Wei in territory and population, Western Wei was able to withstand the attacks from the eastern empire, most notably at the Battle of Shayuan in 537. Due to its better economical conditions, Western Wei

1518-623: The Western Wei ( Chinese : 西魏 ; pinyin : Xī Wèi ), was an imperial dynasty of China that followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei . One of the Northern dynasties during the era of the Northern and Southern dynasties , it ruled the western part of northern China from 535 to 557. As with the Northern Wei dynasty that preceded it, the ruling family of the Western Wei were members of

1584-408: The liner lock , an L-shaped split in the liner allows part of the liner to move sideways from its resting position against the handle to the centre of the knife where it rests against the flat end of the tang. To disengage, this leaf spring is pushed so it again rests flush against the handle allowing the knife to rotate. A frame lock is functionally identical but instead of using a thin liner inside

1650-557: The Guangming ( Chinese : 光明圣皇帝 ; pinyin : Guāngmíng Shèng Huángdì ), and started a local rebellion. Bai experienced moderate military success, and his supported also occupied nearby Chengping County in Suizhou in April 683 CE. Hongfeng County was renamed to Yanshui County (Chinese: 延水县 ) in 705 CE. During one span in 895 CE, the area experienced 60 days of consecutive rain. After

1716-791: The Jin split into the Han , the Zhao , and the Wei , with the Wei inheriting the area, and incorporating it as the Shang Commandery . Nearly a century later, in 328 BCE, the Qin state (not to be confused with the later Qin dynasty ), took the area from the Wei. During the Qin dynasty, the northwest portion of present-day Yanchuan County was administered as Yangzhou County (Chinese: 阳周县 ), whereas

1782-640: The Tang dynasty, the area belonged to the Later Tang , which employed the Zhangwu Army  [ zh ] to rule the area. Subsequently, the area was incorporated into the Northern Song . On May 14, 962 CE, a severe episode of frost killed the region's crops. In 976 CE, both Yanchuan County and Yanshui County were placed under the jurisdiction of Yan'an Fu again. A village known as Chengping (Chinese: 承平寨 )

1848-571: The Wen'an Commandery was located in present-day Wen'anyi . In 552, under Emperor Fei , former Linhe County was reorganized as Anmin County (Chinese: 安民县 ), under the jurisdiction of the Anning Commandery  [ zh ] . In 583 CE, the Sui dynasty abolished Wen'an Commandery, and replaced Wen'an County with Yanchuan County (same name as the present-day county), after Tuyanshui (Chinese: 吐延水 ),

1914-583: The area. In 120 BCE, Emperor Wu of Han ordered 700,000 disaster victims to move to northern lands, including the Shang Commandery. In 9 CE, under the shortly lived Xin dynasty , Emperor Wang Mang renamed Gaonu County to Pingli County (Chinese: 平利县 ), a change which was subsequently reverted when the Han dynasty reassumed control of the area. The Xiongnu invaded the area again in 140 CE, this time proving more successful, and established prolonged control of

1980-439: The area. Simultaneously, an outbreak of dysentery spread through the region, killing many. Heavy rains and hail during July 1869 killed many of the county's crops, and resulted in a partial failure of the county's autumn harvest. Around that time, an epidemic spread through the area, killing many. Over the next two years, a number of wolves killed and ate a number of people, and bandits proliferated. Severe famine struck

2046-525: The area. Around this time, Linhe County (Chinese: 临河县 ) was established in present-day Wangjiaqu Village (Chinese: 王家渠村 ) in Yanshuiguan. In 431 CE, Emperor Taiwu conquered the Great Xia, and incorporated it into the Xianbei state of the Northern Wei . The Northern Wei maintained control of the area for about a century, and even reorganized the area's administrative divisions in 513 CE, incorporating

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2112-567: The autumn of 1428, when a severe episode of frost destroyed the autumn harvest. In 1466, the county magistrate built two bridges outside the county center's southern gates: the Tongji Bridge (Chinese: 通济桥 ) and the Huimin Bridge (Chinese: 惠民桥 ). A severe drought struck the area from January to June 1521. Another severe drought struck the area in 1528, which was followed by intense floods and waterlogging . The following year,

2178-405: The blade is not released by means of a button or catch on the handle; rather, the blade itself is the actuator. Most assisted openers use flippers as their opening mechanism. Assisted opening knives can be as fast or faster than automatic knives to deploy. In the lock back , as in many folding knives, a stop pin acting on the top (or behind) the blade prevents it from rotating clockwise. A hook on

2244-520: The county magistrate built a grain warehouse to try to prevent famine . Around 1546 and 1547, the county magistrate built two forts to protect the area from invasion: one in Yongping, and the other in Wen'anyi. Two castles were also built in the county in 1551. A severe episode of hail struck the county on July 23, 1549. The hail damaged buildings in the county, and injured many farm animals and humans. A drought and subsequent famine afflicted in

2310-460: The county on April 6, 1695. On June 4, 1701, a large flood destroyed much of the county's main city, including the north gate. Another drought in the region took place in 1721, resulting in widespread famine and mass emigration from the area. The following year, voles ate and destroyed much of the region's crops, resulting in more famine and emigration. Drought once again struck the region in 1759, resulting in more famine. An academy

2376-406: The following year. At that point, Ming general Du Wenhuan  [ zh ] was sent to crush the rebellion. In June 1630, the government of Yan'an Fu sent military leaders Zhang Nian  [ zh ] and Dusi Aimu (Chinese: 都司艾穆 ) to put down the rebellion. However, the government response further plunged the area into instability. By the summer of 1630, a famine broke out in

2442-404: The forging and stock removal processes. Forging tends to be reserved for manufacturers' more expensive product lines, and can often be distinguished from stock removal product lines by the presence of an integral bolster, though integral bolsters can be crafted through either shaping method. Knives are sharpened in various ways. Flat ground blades have a profile that tapers from the thick spine to

2508-422: The former name of Qingjian River  [ zh ] . The county fell under the jurisdiction of the zhou of Yanzhou  [ zh ] , and the administrative center of the county is located in the same area as the contemporary urban core of Yanchuan County. Anmin County was replaced with Jiwan County ( simplified Chinese : 吉万县 ; traditional Chinese : 吉萬縣 ), which was abolished in 607 CE. Yanzhou

2574-467: The fossils and petroleum, which he documented in his book Dream Pool Essays . Yanzhou  [ zh ] , the zhou which had been governing the counties of the area, was abolished in 1089, and replaced with Yan'an Fu  [ zh ] under the new system of Fu . Yan'an Fu remained largely intact from 1089 up until 1913, when it was replaced with Yulin Circuit  [ zh ] as part of

2640-481: The full length of the handle, often visible on top and bottom). There is also the enterçado construction method present in antique knives from Brazil, such as the Sorocaban Knife , which consists in riveting a repurposed blade to the ricasso of a bladeless handle. The handle may include a bolster, a piece of heavy material (usually metal) situated at the front or rear of the handle. The bolster, as its name suggests,

2706-425: The handle material uses a thicker piece of metal as the handle and the same split in it allows a section of the frame to press against the tang. A sliding knife is a knife that can be opened by sliding the knife blade out the front of the handle. One method of opening is where the blade exits out the front of the handle point-first and then is locked into place (an example of this is the gravity knife ). Another form

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2772-465: The handle of the knife on both sides allowing the user to slide the bolt backward freeing the knife to close. The Axis Lock used by knife maker Benchmade is functionally identical to the bolt lock except that it uses a cylinder rather than a rectangle to trap the blade. The Arc Lock by knife maker SOG is similar to the Axis Lock except the cylinder follows a curved path rather than a straight path. In

2838-466: The late Shang dynasty era have been discovered in what is now the town of Yongping  [ zh ] . Other settlements from the slightly later Western Zhou era have been found in Wanjiahe Village (Chinese: 王家河村 ), Yanshuiguan  [ zh ] . In 635 BCE, Duke Wen of Jin , ruler of the state of Jin , seized the area of present-day Yanchuan County from the Zhai. In 403 BCE,

2904-468: The late 1090s. In 1075, Yanshui County was abolished and merged into Yanchuan County as a town. During this time, Yanchuan County included areas belonging to present-day Zichang and Zizhou County . Around 1078, a large portion of the Yellow River 's banks in Yanshuiguan collapsed, revealing large amounts of ancient plant fossils . Scientist Shen Kuo travelled to this site in 1080 and 1081 to examine

2970-492: The needs of people with disabilities. For example, knife handles may be made thicker or with more cushioning for people with arthritis in their hands. A non-slip handle accommodates people with palmar hyperhidrosis . As a weapon, the knife is universally adopted as an essential tool. It is the essential element of a knife fight . For example: A primary aspect of the knife as a tool includes dining, used either in food preparation or as cutlery . Examples of this include: As

3036-503: The region in 1572, resulting in incidents of cannibalism . Furthermore, a major earthquake shook the area in 1591, and another one occurred in 1621. From April to June 1628, severe drought afflicted the region, causing great economic harm and famine. That year, a peasant rebellion led by Hun Tianwang  [ zh ] and Wang Ziyong  [ zh ] broke out in the county. Hun and Wang conquered Yanchuan County, as well as Yanzhou, Qingjian County , and Mizhi County by

3102-421: The region in 1877, killing most of the local population, and leading to widespread cannibalism. Yi Academy (Chinese: 义学院 ) was established in Wen'anyi Village (Chinese: 文安驿村 ) in 1904. Throughout the summer and autumn of 1909, constant rain and hail leads to widespread flooding. Knife A knife ( pl. : knives ; from Old Norse knifr 'knife, dirk' ) is a tool or weapon with

3168-550: The region, and on December 22, 1630, Du Wenhuan led a massacre of 199 civilians in Yanchuan. The combined effects of the military conflict and famine resulted in Yanchuan's population declining by two-thirds. In November 1631, a 14-day long snowstorm hit Yanchuan County, killing a large number of farm animals and humans. By July 1632, Ming armies finally encircled Hun Tianwang's army in present-day Yanshuiguan. The resulting battle in Yanshuiguan killed approximately 620 soldiers. By

3234-734: The region. In 319 CE, Shi Le established the Later Zhao , and took control of the area. However, the Later Zhao's control proved to be short lived, and the Former Qin , led by Fu Hong , conquered the area in 350 CE. This too proved to be transitory, with Yao Chang of the Later Qin taking the area in 384 CE. In 407 CE, just 23 years later, Helian Bobo , the Xiongnu leader of the Great Xia , assumed control of

3300-428: The rocker pin to allow the mechanism to wear over time without losing strength and angles the hooks so that the faces no longer meet vertically. The bolt in the bolt lock is a rectangle of metal that is constrained to slide only back and forward. When the knife is open a spring biases the bolt to the forward position where it rests above the tang of the blade preventing the blade from closing. Small knobs extend through

3366-489: The sharp edge in a straight or convex line. Seen in cross section, the blade would form a long, thin triangle, or where the taper does not extend to the back of the blade, a long thin rectangle with one peaked side. Hollow ground blades have concave , beveled edges. The resulting blade has a thinner edge, so it may have better cutting ability for shallow cuts, but it is lighter and less durable than flat ground blades and will tend to bind in deep cuts. Serrated blade knives have

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3432-474: The southeast portion was administered as Gaonu County . In December 206 CE, Xiang Yu appointed Dong Yi to rule the area under a newly organized Zhai state  [ zh ] . However, it quickly fell under control of the Han dynasty , which resumed administering the area as Gaonu County in the Shang Commandery in August of the following year. In 158 BCE, an army of 30,000 Xiongnu warriors briefly invaded

3498-410: The stock is manipulated to create patterns in the steel. Titanium is a metal that has a better strength-to-weight ratio, is more wear resistant, and more flexible than steel. Although less hard and unable to take as sharp an edge, carbides in the titanium alloy allow them to be heat-treated to a sufficient hardness. Ceramic blades are hard, brittle, lightweight, and do not corrode: they may maintain

3564-473: The stored energy from a spring that is released when the user presses a button or lever or other actuator built into the handle of the knife. Automatic knives are severely restricted by law in the UK and most American states. Increasingly common are assisted opening knives which use springs to propel the blade once the user has moved it past a certain angle. These differ from automatic or switchblade knives in that

3630-565: The summer of 1633, Grand Coordinator Chen Qiyu  [ zh ] led Ming armies to crush the remaining rebels in Yongning, resulting in a battle which killed over 1,600 soldiers, and, upon victory, saw the capture of about 550 rebel soldiers. That same year, locust swarms afflicted the region. Another famine afflicted the region greatly in 1640. During the early days of the Qing dynasty , rebel leader Wang Yongqiang  [ zh ] led

3696-405: The tang of the blade engages with a hook on the rocker bar which prevents the blade from rotating counter-clockwise. The rocker bar is held in position by a torsion bar. To release the knife the rocker bar is pushed downwards as indicated and pivots around the rocker pin, lifting the hook and freeing the blade. When negative pressure (pushing down on the spine) is applied to the blade all the stress

3762-449: The user's hand, folding knives typically have a locking mechanism. Different locking mechanisms are favored by various individuals for reasons such as perceived strength (lock safety), legality, and ease of use. Popular locking mechanisms include: Another prominent feature of many folding knives is the opening mechanism. Traditional pocket knives and Swiss Army knives commonly employ the nail nick, while modern folding knives more often use

3828-495: The village of Guaimao (Chinese: 拐峁村 ). On August 4, 1811, the northwestern portion of the county suffered severe damage from a hail storm. Unusually cold weather afflicted the county in September 1836, leading to widespread frost and partial crop failures. Dungan rebels captured the county on September 15, 1867. The following day, Dungan rebels continued their advances to the north, while Nian rebels moved west into

3894-411: The way when not in use. A fixed blade knife, sometimes called a sheath knife , does not fold or slide, and is typically stronger due to the tang, the extension of the blade into the handle, and lack of moving parts. A folding knife connects the blade to the handle through a pivot , allowing the blade to fold into the handle. To prevent injury to the knife user through the blade accidentally closing on

3960-543: The western portion of present-day Yanchuan County as Guangwu County (Chinese: 广武县 ), and the eastern portion as Shuofang County (Chinese: 朔方县 ). Following the collapse of the Northern Wei, the Western Wei reorganized the area in 537 CE under the Wen'an Commandery  [ zh ] . The Wen'an Commandery administered three counties : Wen'an County (Chinese: 文安县 ), Yixiang County (Chinese: 义乡县 ), and Guang'an County (Chinese: 广安县 ). The administrative center of

4026-475: Was abolished and merged into Jizhou, which was renamed Beijizhou (Chinese: 北基州 ) in the subsequent year. Suizhou was established in the center of present-day Yanchuan County in 623 CE, but had its administrative center moved the following year. In 628 CE, Xihezhou was abolished, and both Xiuwen County and Sangyuan County were merged into Anmin County, which was renamed Anren County (Chinese: 安人县 ) and transferred to Beijizhou. The same year, Chengping County

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4092-585: Was also abolished in 607 CE, and was replaced with the Yan'an Commandery  [ zh ] . In 617 CE, Liang Shidu , the leader of a peasant rebellion which proclaimed themselves to be the state of Liang (Chinese: 梁国 ), took control of Yanchuan County, and briefly reorganized the county as Wenzhou (Chinese: 文州 ). In 619 CE, shortly after the establishment of the Tang dynasty , Tang general Duan Decao  [ zh ] conquered Wenzhou. He then split Wenzhou into

4158-550: Was built by the county magistrate in 1786 called the Dengfeng Academy (Chinese: 登峰书院 ). In December 1787, the Yellow River, which is nearly perpetually a dark murky color due to high amounts of loess sediment in the river, underwent a brief period of being unusually clear. A severe famine struck the region in 1790. Major flooding on August 29, 1800, once again destroyed the county city's north gate, and submerged

4224-561: Was established in contemporary Yongping in 1038, which was attacked by the Western Xia the following year. However, this attack failed, and the Western Xia forces retreated. The Western Xia laid siege to the city of Yanzhou (in present-day Baota District ) on January 18, 1040, and leaders from Chengping sent a large army of over 1,000 to aid in the city's defense. Conflicts between the Western Xia and local Northern Song leaders continued through

4290-504: Was even able to conquer the whole western part of the Liang empire in the south and occupied the territory of modern Sichuan . In 557 Yuwen Tai's nephew Yuwen Hu deposed Emperor Gong and placed Yuwen Tai's son Yuwen Jue on the throne, ending Western Wei and establishing Northern Zhou . Marital alliances with the nascent Turkic Empire also took place, as Bumin Qaghan (r.552), first khagan of

4356-462: Was transferred from Beijizhou to Suizhou. In 634 CE, Beijizhou was abolished, and reorganized as Yanchuan County (same name as the present-day county) and Anren County, both of which were placed under the resurrected Anzhou (same name as the previous iteration). In 648 CE, Anren County was renamed to Hongfeng County (Chinese: 弘风县 ). In 660, Bai Tieyu  [ zh ] , a Jihu Buddhist from Yanchuan County, proclaimed himself Holy Emperor of

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