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86-455: Xperi Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in San Jose, California, that develops software for consumer electronics and connected cars, as well as media platforms for video service over broadband. The company is organized into four business units: Pay-TV, Consumer Electronics, Connected Car, and Media Platform. Xperi's brands include DTS, HD Radio, and TiVo. Xperi Inc.

172-563: A 2-channel lossy DTS bitstream that reproduces 12 channels of spatial audio, sometimes called surround sound, using Head-related transfer function to allow for any pair of stereo headphones to be used. However, in the Windows and Xbox versions of the technology, there exists almost 600 pre-made presets (by DTS) for different headphone models or earbuds , tuned specifically for the purpose of DTS Headphone:X . Dolby Digital Dolby Digital , originally synonymous with Dolby AC-3 (see below),

258-549: A 5.1-channel 16-bit/48 kHz Dolby Digital format at 640 kbit/s and transports it via a single S/PDIF cable. A similar technology known as DTS Connect is available from competitor DTS . An important benefit of this technology is that it enables the use of digital multichannel sound with consumer sound cards, which are otherwise limited to digital PCM stereo or analog multichannel sound because S/PDIF over RCA, BNC, and TOSLINK can only support two-channel PCM, Dolby Digital multichannel audio, and DTS multichannel audio. HDMI

344-697: A DOS program that the processor uses to play back the soundtrack, allowing system improvements or bug fixes to be added easily. Unlike Dolby Digital and SDDS, or the home version of DTS, the theatrical DTS system only carries 5 discrete channels on the CD-ROMs. The .1 LFE subwoofer track is mixed into the discrete surround channels on the disc and recovered via low-pass filters in the theater. Most DTS consumer codec techniques are documented in ETSI . DTS Digital Surround, DTS-ES, DTS 96/24, and DTS-HD are recorded in ETSI TS 102 114. DTS:X

430-434: A DTS:X Pro setup consists of with support for 32 channels (via Neural:X, the spatial audio remapping engine ad opposed to a format contrary to popular belief.) . DTS Virtual:X creates "phantom" surround or height speakers using psychoacoustic processing of existing soundtracks (including, if needed, the creation of height channels) to allow systems with a reduced number of physical speakers (such as TV soundbars) to provide

516-450: A center rear channel, can only handle matrixed data and does not support a discrete sixth speaker channel; it is most directly comparable to DTS-ES Matrix 5.1. Note: The center-rear/surround channel is encoded and decoded in exactly the same way as the center-front. The center-surround channel can be decoded using any surround sound processor by feeding the left and right surround signals to the processor inputs. The left-Center-Right surround

602-449: A core DTS Coherent Acoustics data stream. The core stream is compatible with DTS decoders which do not support the extension(s); the extension(s) provide the additional data required to implement the additional functionality. This is a process designed specifically for playback in motion picture theaters equipped with 70 mm film projection and 6-track surround sound. The 70 mm DTS prints do not have 6-track magnetic striping, so there

688-630: A core DTS data stream is augmented with an extension stream which includes the additional data necessary for the new variant in use. The core stream can be decoded by any DTS decoder, even if it does not understand the new variant. A decoder which does understand the new variant decodes the core stream, and then modifies it according to the instructions contained in the extension stream. This method allows backward compatibility. DTS's main competitors in multichannel theatrical audio are Dolby Digital and SDDS , although only Dolby Digital and DTS are used on DVDs and implemented in home theater hardware. One of

774-529: A different channel layout in the playback system compared to the original mix. All Blu-ray players can decode the DTS "core" resolution soundtrack at 1.5 Mbit/s, however, as DTS-HD Master Audio is also implemented as a standard DTS core plus extensions, but cannot decode audio from DTS audio CDs. DTS-HD Master Audio and Dolby TrueHD are the only technologies that deliver compressed lossless surround sound for these disc formats. (DTS Coherent Acoustics' coding system

860-510: A different frequency band than the others. The number of bands steered varies in each Neo:6 implementation, with the first decoders steering in 12 separate bands and later units steering up to 19. DTS Neo:X reconstructs 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, or 7.1 sources to 11.1 front height and width channel systems. Dolby's Pro Logic IIz 's system adds only front height channels to the 7.1 configuration. Neo:X also matrix downmixes 11.1 sources to 5.1 or 7.1 channel systems. DTS Neural:X , like Dolby Surround ,

946-520: A division of Lucasfilm Ltd. , co-developed Dolby Digital Surround EX ™ for the release of Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace . Dolby Digital Surround EX has since been used on the DVD releases of the Star Wars prequel and original trilogies. Dolby Digital Live (DDL) is a real-time encoding technology for interactive media such as video games. It converts any audio signals on a PC or game console into

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1032-439: A fall-back option in case of damage to the data area or failure of the digital decoding; it also provides compatibility with projectors not equipped with digital soundheads. Almost all modern cinema prints are of this type and may also include SDDS data and a timecode track to synchronize CD-ROMs carrying DTS soundtracks. The simplest way of converting existing projectors is to add a so-called penthouse digital soundhead above

1118-560: A full 640 kbit/s. Some Sony PlayStation 2 console games are able to output AC-3 standard audio as well, primarily during pre-rendered cutscenes. Dolby is part of a group of organizations involved in the development of AAC (Advanced Audio Coding), part of MPEG specifications, and considered the successor to MP3. Dolby Digital Plus (DD-Plus) and TrueHD are supported in HD-DVD, as mandatory codecs, and in Blu-ray Disc, as optional codecs. In

1204-490: A full year after the official theatrical debut of Dolby Digital ( Batman Returns ). In addition, Jurassic Park also became the first home video release to contain DTS sound when it was released on LaserDisc in January 1997, two years after the first Dolby Digital home video release ( Clear and Present Danger on Laserdisc), which debuted in January 1995. Universal Pictures would exclusively support DTS until late 1997. In 2008,

1290-543: A more "immersive" experience. DTS Surround Sensation : Previously known as DTS Virtual. It allows a virtual 5.1 surround sound to be heard through a standard pair of headphones. DTS Headphone:X is a spatial audio technology, sometimes referred to as DTS Headphone:X "v2.0" or even "v2.0 7.1", if the technology is to be licensed out to companies and not implemented by DTS themselves (through 1st party applications such as DTS Sound Unbound and others), where usually on non-PC devices such as video game consoles can still provide

1376-422: A proprietary 24-bit time code is optically imaged onto the film. An LED reader scans the timecode data from the film and sends it to the DTS processor, using the time code to synchronize the projected image with the DTS soundtrack audio. The multi-channel DTS audio is recorded in compressed form on standard CD-ROM media at a bitrate of 882 kbit/s. The audio compression used in the theatrical DTS system (which

1462-447: A provider of MPEG software for digital television, VOD, and digital ad insertion. Phorus, a subsidiary of DTS, Inc., is a Los Angeles-based technology group dedicated to wireless audio for connected devices. On September 2, 2015, iBiquity announced that it was being purchased by DTS for US$ 172 million, uniting iBiquity's HD Radio digital radio broadcast technology with DTS' digital audio surround sound systems. In theatrical use,

1548-414: Is a series of frames; the frame size code is used along with the sample rate code to determine the number of (2-byte) words before the next syncword. Channel blocks can be either long, in which case the entire block is processed as single modified discrete cosine transform , or short, in which case two half length transforms are performed on the block. Below is a simplified AC-3 header. A detailed description

1634-511: Is also matrixed into the left and right surround channels, so that the rear center channel's sound is still present when played in 5.1 on non-6.1 systems; an ES decoder removes the matrixed audio from these two channels when playing back DTS-ES Discrete soundtracks. DTS-ES Discrete is sometimes notated as DTS-ES 6.1. Only a few DVD titles have been released with DTS-ES Discrete, due to the fast transition from 6.1 to 7.1 setups and technology. In contrast, Dolby's competing EX codec, which also boasts

1720-528: Is an advanced lossless audio codec based on Meridian Lossless Packing . Support for the codec was mandatory for HD DVD and is optional for Blu-ray Disc hardware. Dolby TrueHD supports 24-bit bit depths and sample rates up to 192 kHz. Maximum bitrate is 18 Mbit/s while it supports up to 16 audio channels (HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc standards currently limit the maximum number of audio channels to eight). It supports metadata, including dialog normalization and Dynamic Range Control. Although commonly associated with

1806-478: Is an upmixing technique to serve legacy bitstreams and PCM content by upmixing or remapping them to virtually any speaker layout (in which the sound can come from anywhere around the listener, including above). It is complementary to the DTS:X system, allowing the full use of a DTS:X speaker layout when the content has not been encoded for it or exceeds the number of supported channels in DTS:X, effectively being exactly what

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1892-494: Is implemented as a core DTS stream plus an extension containing the two additional channels plus details to enable 96/24 sound reproduction. DTS-HD Master Audio , previously known as DTS++ , is the second of two DTS-HD audio formats. It supports a virtually unlimited number of surround sound channels, can deliver audio quality at bit rates extending from lossless (24-bit, 192 kHz) down to DTS Digital Surround and, like Neo, downmix to 5.1 or 2.1 systems. DTS-HD Master Audio

1978-558: Is in the ATSC "Digital Audio Compression (AC-3) (E-AC-3) Standard" , section 5.4. AC3 was covered by patents that expired in March 2017. Patents were used to ask to pay a commercial license to publish an application that decodes AC3. This led some audio app developers to ban AC3 from their apps, although the open source VLC media player supported AC-3 audio without having paid a patent license fee. In Dolby's 2005 original and amended S-1 filings with

2064-406: Is intended to be mixed with the primary audio soundtrack in the Blu-ray Disc player. Dolby AC-4 is an audio compression standard supporting multiple audio channels and/or audio objects. Support for 5.1 channel audio is mandatory and additional channels up to 7.1.4 are optional. AC-4 provides a 50% reduction in bit rate over AC-3/ Dolby Digital Plus . Dolby TrueHD, developed by Dolby Laboratories,

2150-520: Is limited to 320 kbit/s. When DTS audio was introduced to the DVD specification, a few studios authored DTS tracks on some DVDs at the full bitrate (1509.75 kbit/s). Most later DVD titles that offered DTS tracks were encoded at 754.5 kbit/s (about half the rate of 1536 kbit/s). At this reduced rate, DTS no longer retains audio transparency. This was done to make room for more audio tracks and content to reduce costs of spreading extra material on multiple discs. Dolby Digital 5.1 can compress

2236-441: Is merely to be more convenient in large cinemas. DTS Neo:6 , like Dolby's Pro Logic IIx system, reconstructs 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, or 7.1 sources to 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1 channel systems. A 7.1 system's 2 rear speakers are mono. Neo:6 is a multi-band decoder, unlike Dolby Pro Logic II's broadband logic steering, meaning that the decoder can enhance more than one predominant signal at a time — provided each predominant signal lies in

2322-494: Is no analog backup should the digital sound fail. The time code track on the film is many times wider than the 35mm version, since it can occupy the area formerly taken up by a magnetic track. Theaters with 70 mm DTS frequently install two time code readers for greater reliability. The gradual disappearance of 70 mm as a common exhibition format has led to DTS-70 being reserved for niche engagements of 70 mm revivals and restorations. Dolby Digital has not been adapted to

2408-511: Is not backward compatible with existing AC-3 hardware, though E-AC-3 codecs generally are capable of transcoding to AC-3 for equipment connected via S/PDIF . E-AC-3 decoders can also decode AC-3 bitstreams. The fourth generation Apple TV supports E-AC-3. The discontinued HD DVD system directly supported E-AC-3. Blu-ray Disc offers E-AC-3 as an option to graft added channels onto an otherwise 5.1 AC-3 stream, as well as for delivery of secondary audio content (e.g. director's commentary) that

2494-576: Is produced. This will work for a "center-surround" reproduction, whether the source material is explicitly encoded, as in DTS-ES, or hidden as the ambience in any 5.1 sources, including DTS-ES 5.1 and Dolby Digital Surround EX 5.1. DTS 96/24 , introduced in May 2001 , allows the delivery of 5.1 channels of 24-bit, 96 kHz audio and high quality video on the DVD-Video format. Prior to the development of DTS 96/24, it

2580-454: Is provided with 6 they are simply added onn-extra channel, with content disc as einto a 7-channel format by adding extensions in DTS Core, will wo DTS-ES Discrete provides 6.1 discrete channels, with a discrete, mastered and recorded (non- matrixed ) center-surround channel; in home theater systems with a 7.1 configuration, the two rear-center speakers play in mono , as does other decoders like

2666-572: Is recorded in ETSI TS 103 491. On the consumer level, DTS is the oft-used shorthand for the DTS Coherent Acoustics (DCA) codec , transportable through S/PDIF and part of the LaserDisc , DVD , and Blu-ray specifications. This system is the consumer version of the DTS standard, using a similar codec without needing separate DTS CD-ROM media. As with standard CD players, DVD and Blu-ray Disc players cannot decode audio from DTS audio CDs. DTS

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2752-408: Is related to the aptX audio coding format , and it is based on the adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (ADPCM) audio data compression algorithm. In contrast, Dolby Digital (AC-3) is based on the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) compression algorithm. Both music and movie DVDs allow delivery of a DTS audio signal, but DTS was not part of the original DVD specification (it

2838-426: Is selected as an optional surround sound format for Blu-ray , where it has been limited to a maximum of 8 discrete channels. DTS-HD MA supports variable bit rates up to 24.5 Mbit/s, with up to 6 channels encoded at up to 192 kHz or 8 channels and nine objects encoded at 96 kHz/24 bit. If more than two channels are used, a "channel remapping" function allows for remixing the soundtrack to compensate for

2924-487: Is similar to the DTS-ES 5.1 Matrix's goal, but differ in that DTS-ES Matrix is a 5.1 in discrete channels, but upmix to 6.1 and also states this in its name, being a matrixed, or rather upmixed format for use with non-6.1 content, not unlike the DTS Neo:6 but those are usually upmixing stereo-content and not discrete channels into a 5.1 matrix sound setup. The newer DTS Neo:X formats, using DTS proprietary upmixer, DTS Neural:X,

3010-421: Is stored on a separate set of CD-ROM media, with greater storage capacity that affords the potential to deliver greater audio fidelity and is not subject to the usual wear and damage suffered by the film print during the normal course of the movie's theatrical screening. Disregarding the separate CD-ROM assembly as a potential point of failure, the DTS audiopath is comparatively impervious to film degradation, unless

3096-452: Is the name for a family of audio compression technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories . Called Dolby Stereo Digital until 1995 , it is lossy compression (except for Dolby TrueHD). The first use of Dolby Digital was to provide digital sound in cinemas from 35 mm film prints. It has since also been used for TV broadcast, radio broadcast via satellite, digital video streaming, DVDs , Blu-ray discs and game consoles. Dolby AC-3

3182-483: Is the potential for using the Windows Spatial Audio API which can be set up in apps like DTS Sound Unbound, avoiding the original audio format to be processed by a dedicated device, to get the effects of spatial audio through the use of sound objects rather than channels, and placing them where they would naturally occur in a 3D space, but is also compatible with stereo PCM tracks, and can be encoded on top of

3268-463: Is used in all formats having the suffix ":X", allowing DTS Neo:X to matrix up to an 11.1 setup - more commonly set up as 7 1.4 Therefore, like other more modernized DTS formats such as DTS:X , can be played back on older DTS compatible equipment because of the backwards compatibility DTS offer through its use of extensions. This backwards compatibility is present in all of the later and modern formats followconsidered extensions. DTS-ES Matrix 5.1

3354-449: Is used on DVD-Video and other purely digital media, like home cinema. In this format, the AC-3 bitstream is interleaved with the video and control bitstreams. The system is used in bandwidth-limited applications other than DVD-Video, such as digital TV. The AC-3 standard allows a maximum coded bit rate of 640 kbit/s. 35 mm film prints use a fixed rate of 320 kbit/s, which is the same as

3440-487: Is very different and completely unrelated to the home Coherent Acoustics-based DTS Digital Surround format) is the APT-X100 system. Unlike the home version of DTS or any version of Dolby Digital, the APT-X100 system is fixed at a 4:1 compression ratio. Data reduction is accomplished via sub-band coding with linear prediction and adaptive quantization. The theatrical DTS processor acts as a transport mechanism, as it holds and reads

3526-462: The MP3 standard (1993) and AAC (1997). Batman Returns was the very first movie to be announced as using Dolby SR-D (Spectral Recording-Digital) technology when it premiered in all selected movie theaters in the summer of 1992. Dolby Digital cinema soundtracks are optically recorded on a 35 mm release print using sequential data blocks placed between every perforation hole on the soundtrack side of

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3612-628: The University of Surrey in 1987. Dolby Laboratories adapted the MDCT algorithm along with perceptual coding principles to develop the AC-3 audio format for cinema . The AC-3 format was released as the Dolby Digital standard in February 1991. Dolby Digital was the earliest MDCT-based audio compression standard released, and was followed by others for home and portable usage, such as Sony 's ATRAC (1992),

3698-461: The Xbox game console and certain nForce2 motherboards, used an early form of this technology. DDL is available on motherboards with codecs such as Realtek 's ALC882D, ALC888DD and ALC888H. Other examples include some C-Media PCI sound cards and Creative Labs' X-Fi and Z series sound cards, whose drivers have enabled support for DDL. NVIDIA later decided to drop DDL support in their motherboards due to

3784-453: The subwoofer driven low-frequency effects . Mono and stereo modes are also supported. AC-3 supports audio sample rates up to 48 kHz. In 1991, a limited experimental release of Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country in Dolby Digital played in 3 US theatres. In 1992, Batman Returns was the very first movie to be released and presented in Dolby Digital. In 1995, the LaserDisc version of Clear and Present Danger featured

3870-537: The 'Xtreme Audio' and its derivatives such as Prodigy 7.1e, which is incapable of DDL in hardware). X-Fi 's case differs. While they forgot about the plan, programmer Daniel Kawakami made a hot issue by applying Auzentech Prelude DDL module back to Creative X-Fi cards by disguising the hardware identity as Auzentech Prelude. Creative Labs alleged Kawakami violated their intellectual property and demanded he cease distributing his modified drivers. Eventually Creative struck an agreement with Dolby Laboratories regarding

3956-579: The 5.1 channel configuration, Dolby Digital allows a number of different channel selections. The options are: These configurations optionally include the extra low-frequency effects (LFE) channel, but only if at least three channels are present. The last two with stereo surrounds can optionally use Dolby Digital EX matrix encoding to add an extra Rear Surround channel, indicated via a 2-bit flag. Many Dolby Digital decoders are equipped with downmixing to distribute encoded channels to speakers. This includes such functions as playing surround information through

4042-418: The 5.1 mix, much like the front center channel on Dolby Pro Logic encoded stereo soundtracks. The result can be played without loss of information on standard 5.1 systems, or played in 6.1 or 7.1 on systems with Surround EX decoding and added speakers. A number of DVDs have a Dolby Digital Surround EX audio option. The theater version of Dolby Digital Surround EX was introduced in 1999, when Dolby and THX ,

4128-491: The 70 mm format. DTS-ES (DTS Extended Surround), introduced in March 1999 theatrically and in June 2000 for home theaters ; includes two variants, DTS-ES Discrete 6.1, and DTS-ES Matrix 5.1, depending on how the sound was originally mastered and produced originally - as many DTS-ES 6.1 Discrete tracks, are simply remastered from DTS 5.1, where both surround channels are split up to add new center surround channel as well, which

4214-527: The Creative DDTS-100, a standalone 7.1 channel decoder which includes support for up to 6.1 when paired with the GigaWorks S750 7.1 surround sound system. However, there is a switch to make all the speakers work on the system, either 5.1->7.1 or 6.1->7.1 as no discrete formats for 7.1 was included. To maintain compatibility with DTS decoders which do not support DTS-ES, the center-surround channel

4300-501: The DDL pack at no added cost. E-AC-3 (Dolby Digital Plus) is an enhanced coding system based on the AC-3 codec . It offers increased bitrates (up to 6.144 Mbit/s), support for even more audio channels (up to 15.1 discrete channels in the future), and improved coding techniques (only at low data rates) to reduce compression artifacts , enabling lower data rates than those supported by AC-3 (e.g. 5.1-channel audio at 256 kbit/s). It

4386-454: The DTS Inc.'s initial investors was film director Steven Spielberg , who felt that theatrical sound formats up until the company's founding were no longer state of the art, and as a result were no longer optimal for use on projects where quality sound reproduction was of the utmost importance. Spielberg debuted the format with his 1993 production of Jurassic Park , which came slightly less than

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4472-528: The DTS-HD extension to the original DTS audio format. It delivers up to 7.1 channels of sound at up to 96 kHz sampling frequency and 24-bit depth resolution. DTS-HD High Resolution Audio is selected as an optional surround sound format for Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD , with constant bit rates up to 6.0 Mbit/s and 3.0 Mbit/s, respectively. It is intended to be an alternative for DTS-HD Master Audio where disc space may not allow it. DTS-HD High Resolution Audio

4558-679: The Dolby license royalty by arranging that the licensing cost be folded into the purchase price of the Creative X-Fi PCI cards rather than as a royalty paid by Creative themselves. Based on the agreement, in September 2008 Creative began selling the Dolby Digital Live packs enabling Dolby Digital Live on Creative's X-Fi PCI series of sound cards. It can be purchased and downloaded from Creative. Subsequently, Creative added their DTS Connect pack to

4644-599: The LPCM digital audio track with the DTS soundtrack. This soundtrack is output via digital coaxial or optical audio outputs and requires an external decoder to process the bitstream. For PC playback, many software players support the decoding of DTS. The VideoLAN project has created a decoding module for DTS called libdca (formerly libdts), which is the first open source implementation of DTS. Sony's PlayStation 3 and Microsoft's Xbox 360 are capable of DTS decoding and output via TOSLINK or HDMI as LPCM. However, HDMI output on

4730-548: The LaserDisc world AC3RF is the term widely placed on connectors of players that support Dolby Digital. Specific demodulators and receivers from the LaserDisc era (1990s thru early 2000s) also include placement of this term on connectors. LaserDisc titles with Dolby Digital tracks often have the THX logo on their covers. The data layout of AC-3 is described by simplified " C -like" language in official specifications. An AC-3 stream

4816-539: The Third Kind mixed in DTS. Spielberg then selected DTS sound for his next film, Jurassic Park (1993) and with the backing of Universal and its then-parent Matsushita Electric , over 1,000 theatres in the United States adopted the DTS system. Work on the new audio format started in 1991, four years after Dolby Laboratories started work on its new codec , Dolby Digital . The basic and most common version of

4902-560: The Xbox 360 is only found on the " Elite " model and newer models available since mid-2007, with the release of the Falcon motherboard revision. Also, the Xbox 360 cannot decode DTS from DTS audio CDs. PlayStation 3 consoles can bitstream DTS over HDMI, but cannot decode audio from DTS audio CDs. The newer "slim" models are able to bitstream DTS-HD MA as well, but also cannot decode audio from DTS CDs. DTS and Dolby Digital (AC-3), DTS's chief competitor in

4988-435: The audio discs. When the DTS format was launched, it used one or two discs with later units holding three discs, thus allowing a single DTS processor to handle two-disc film soundtracks along with a third disc for theatrical trailers. The DTS time code on the 35mm print identifies the film title which is matched to the individual DTS CD-ROMs, guaranteeing that the film cannot be played with the wrong disc. Each DTS CD-ROM contains

5074-415: The cinema and home theatre markets, are often compared because of their similarity in product goals, though Dolby believed that the surround channels should be diffused and DTS said they should be directional. In theatrical installations, AC-3 audio is placed between sprocket holes on the 35 mm film itself, leaving the audio content susceptible to physical damage from film wear and mishandling. DTS audio

5160-413: The cinema division was divested to form DTS Digital Cinema . In 2009 DTS Digital Cinema was purchased by Beaufort International Group Plc. and became known as Datasat Digital Entertainment . In 2012, DTS acquired the business of SRS Labs (Sound Retrieval System), a psychoacoustic 3D audio processing technology, including over 1,000 audio patents and trademarks. In 2014, DTS acquired Manzanita Systems,

5246-475: The cost of involved royalties, leaving an empty space in this regard in the sound cards market. Then in June 2005 came Auzentech , which with its X-Mystique PCI card, provided the first consumer sound card with Dolby Digital Live support. Initially no Creative X-Fi based sound cards supported DDL (2005~2007) but a collaboration of Creative and Auzentech resulted in the development of the Auzentech Prelude,

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5332-557: The film-printed timecode is completely destroyed. Dolby claims its competing AC-3 codec achieves similar transparency at its highest coded bitrate (640 kbit/s). However, in program material available to home consumers (DVD, broadcast, and subscription digital TV), neither AC-3 nor DTS typically run at their highest allowed bitrate. DVD and broadcast (ATSC) HDTV cap AC-3 bitrate at 448 kbit/s. But even at that rate, consumer audio gear already enjoys better audio performance than theatrical (35 mm movie) installations, in which AC-3

5418-519: The film. A constant bit rate of 320 kbit/s is used. A charge-coupled device (CCD) scanner in the image projector picks up a scanned video image of this area, and a processor correlates the image area and extracts the digital data as an AC-3 bitstream . The data is then decoded into a 5.1 channel audio source. All film prints with Dolby Digital data also have Dolby Stereo analogue soundtracks using Dolby SR noise reduction and such prints are known as Dolby SR-D prints. The analogue soundtrack provides

5504-657: The first X-Fi card to support DDL. Originally planned to extend DDL support to all X-Fi based sound cards (except the 'Xtreme Audio' line which is incapable of DDL hardware implementation), the plan was dropped because Dolby licensing would have required a royalty payment for all X-Fi cards and, problematically, those already sold. In 2008, Creative released the X-Fi Titanium series of sound cards which fully supports Dolby Digital Live while leaving all PCI versions of Creative X-Fi still lacking support for DDL. Since September 2008, all Creative X-Fi based sound cards support DDL (except

5590-626: The format is a 5.1-channel system, similar to a Dolby Digital setup, which encodes the audio as five primary (full-range) channels plus a special LFE ( low-frequency effects ) channel for the subwoofer . Encoders and decoders support numerous channel combinations, and stereo, four-channel, and four-channel+LFE soundtracks have been released commercially on DVD, CD, and Laserdisc. Other, newer DTS variants are also currently available, including versions that support up to seven primary audio channels plus one LFE channel (DTS-ES). These variants are generally based on DTS's core-and-extension philosophy, in which

5676-483: The front speakers if surround speakers are unavailable, and distributing the center channel to left and right if no center speaker is available. When outputting to separate equipment over a 2-channel connection, a Dolby Digital decoder can optionally encode the output using Dolby Surround to preserve surround information. The '.1' in 5.1, 7.1 etc. refers to the LFE channel, which is also a discrete channel. Dolby Digital audio

5762-456: The maximum bit rate for 2-channel MP3 . DVD-Video discs are limited to 448 kbit/s, although many players can successfully play higher-rate bitstreams (which are non-compliant with the DVD specification). HD DVD limits AC-3 to 448 kbit/s. ATSC and digital cable standards limit AC-3 to 448 kbit/s. Blu-ray Disc, the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox game console can output an AC-3 signal at

5848-425: The new corporate name Xperi Corporation. On December 19, 2019, Xperi Corporation and TiVo Corporation announced their intent to merge. The merger was completed on June 1, 2020. The combined entity operated under the name Xperi Holding Corporation, and became one of the largest intellectual property (IP) and product licensing companies in the world. On October 1, 2022, the product business of Xperi Holding Corporation

5934-431: The projector head. However, for new projectors it made sense to use dual analogue/digital soundheads in the normal optical soundhead position under the projector head. To allow for the dual-soundhead arrangement the data is recorded 26 frames ahead of the picture. If a penthouse soundhead is used, the data must be delayed in the processor for the required amount of time, around 2 seconds. This delay can be adjusted in steps of

6020-644: The same data to less, taking up minimal space. Conversely, DTS proponents claim that the extra bits give higher fidelity and more dynamic range, providing a richer and more lifelike sound. But no conclusion can be drawn from their respective bitrates, as each codec relies on different coding tools and syntax to compress audio. In addition to the standard 5.1-channel DTS Surround codec, the company has several other technologies in its product range designed to compete with similar systems from Dolby Labs . Those which conceptually extend DTS (to add more channels or more accurate sound reproduction) are implemented as extensions to

6106-626: The semiconductor industry. In 2008, Tessera acquired FotoNation, which specialized in image enhancement and analysis, and in 2016 Tessera acquired DTS, Inc. , an audio technologies company. DTS had previously acquired iBiquity Digital Corporation in 2015, which developed the North American digital audio broadcast standard known as HD Radio . At the completion of the acquisition of DTS in December 2016, Tessera Technologies, Inc. became Tessera Holding Corporation, and two months later began operating under

6192-410: The speaker layout employed by cinema DTS:X is the sum of Dolby Atmos and Auro-3D . The layout showcased at AMC Burbank theatre number 8 has a standard eight channel base layer, a five channel height layer on top of the base layer (on the front and side walls) and three rows of speakers on the ceiling. The surround arrays are bass managed by woofers suspended from the ceiling. A first public demonstration

6278-401: The standard 5.1 channel Dolby Digital codec in the form of matrixed rear channels, creating 6.1 or 7.1 channel output. It provides an economical and backwards-compatible means for 5.1 soundtracks to carry a sixth, center back surround channel for improved localization of effects. The extra surround channel is matrix encoded onto the discrete left surround and right surround channels of

6364-447: The standard) or simply Dolby Digital ( DD ), is the common version containing up to six discrete channels of sound. Before 1996 it was marketed as Dolby Surround AC-3 , Dolby Stereo Digital , and Dolby SRD . The most elaborate mode of this codec in common use involves five channels for normal-range speakers ( 20 Hz – 20,000 Hz ) (right, center, left, right surround, left surround) and one channel ( 20 Hz – 120 Hz allotted audio) for

6450-535: The technology, using multi-channel [[Dolby Digital]] bitstreams, usually over a separate optical SPD/F that contain metadata which is then processed by an external headphone decoder, as seen in the Arctis Pro headphone variants by SteelSeries , and several other companies like headphone systems by [[Turtle Beach]] with the Elite2+SuperAmp combination, specifically the one for PlayStation and not Xbox, as in Xbox there

6536-666: The time between perforations, (approximately 10.4 ms). Dolby Digital remains the predominant sound mixing format for movies, despite the introduction of Dolby Surround 7.1 and Dolby Atmos in 2010 and 2012, respectively. Dolby Digital has similar technologies, included in Dolby Digital EX, Dolby Digital Live, Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby Digital Surround EX, Dolby Digital Recording, Dolby Digital Cinema, Dolby Digital Stereo Creator and Dolby Digital 5.1 Creator. Dolby AC-3 (a backronym for Audio Codec 3, Advanced Codec 3, or Acoustic Coder 3), also known as ATSC A/52 (name of

6622-487: The very first home theater Dolby Digital mix, quickly followed by True Lies , Stargate , Forrest Gump , and Interview with the Vampire among others. Dolby Digital Surround EX (sometimes shortened to Dolby Digital EX) is similar to Dolby's earlier Pro Logic format, which utilized matrix technology to add a center surround channel and single rear surround channel to stereo soundtracks. EX adds an extension to

6708-434: Was acquired by Tessera Technologies Inc. in December 2016 and combined under the newly created Tessera Holding Corporation. The combined company was renamed to Xperi Corporation in February 2017. DTS was founded by Terry Beard, an audio engineer and Caltech graduate. Beard, speaking to a friend of a friend, was able to get in touch with Steven Spielberg to audition a remastering of Spielberg's film Close Encounters of

6794-824: Was added later in 1997 ), so early DVD players do not recognize DTS audio tracks at all. The DVD specification was revised to allow optional inclusion of DTS audio tracks. The DVD title must carry one or more primary audio tracks in AC-3 or LPCM format (in Europe, MPEG-1 Audio Layer II is also an allowed primary track format). The DTS audio track, if present, can be selected by the user. Subsequent DVD players now decode DTS natively or pass it through to an external decoder. Nearly all standalone receivers and many integrated DVD player/receivers can decode DTS. A small number of LaserDiscs carry DTS soundtracks. The NTSC LaserDisc format allows for either analog audio only or both analog and digital audio tracks. LaserDiscs encoded with DTS sound replace

6880-451: Was formerly part of Xperi Holding Corporation, which was itself the result of significant M&A over many years, including publicly traded firms such as DTS, Inc . and TiVo Corporation . Xperi Holding Corporation traces its roots to Tessera, Inc. , which was founded in 1990 and renamed Tessera Technologies, Inc. prior to its initial public offering in 2003. Tessera developed chip-scale packaging technologies that were broadly licensed in

6966-439: Was later introduced, and it can carry uncompressed multichannel PCM, lossless compressed multichannel audio, and lossy compressed digital audio. However, Dolby Digital Live is still useful with HDMI to allow transport of multichannel audio over HDMI to devices that are unable to handle uncompressed multichannel PCM. Dolby Digital Live is available in sound cards using various manufacturers' audio chipsets. The SoundStorm , used for

7052-413: Was only possible to deliver two channels of 24-bit, 96 kHz audio on DVD Video. DTS 96/24 can also be placed in the video zone on DVD-Audio discs, making these discs playable on all DTS-compatible DVD players. DTS 96/24 is implemented as a core DTS stream plus an extension containing the deltas to enable 96/24 sound reproduction. DTS-HD High Resolution Audio , along with DTS-HD Master Audio, comprise

7138-408: Was performed at CES 2015 on a Trinnov Altitude32 processor. A follow up, non-consumer focused format known as DTS:X Pro, usually supported by many consumer receivers anyway, supports up to 32 channels of audio, effectively making the aforementioned setup a DTS:X Pro setup. There is no other differences than the added support for more channels, nor does it exist a Pro-variant of a DTS:X soundtrack - it

7224-401: Was selected as mandatory audio technology for Blu-ray Discs.) For each speaker, DTS:X allows the "location" (direction from the listener) of "objects" (audio tracks) to be specified as polar coordinates . The audio processor is then responsible for dynamically rendering sound output depending on the number and position of speakers available. Dolby Atmos uses a similar technique, although

7310-734: Was separated from the IP licensing business and spun-off as a stand-alone public company named Xperi Inc., trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol XPER.  At the same time, the remaining IP licensing business changed its name to Adeia Inc. and began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker symbol ADEA. Products within Xperi's four business units are as follows: Pay TV Consumer Electronics Connected Car Media Platform DTS (company) DTS, Inc.

7396-495: Was the original version of the Dolby Digital codec. The basis of the Dolby AC-3 multi-channel audio coding standard is the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT), a lossy audio compression algorithm. It is a modification of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm, which was proposed by Nasir Ahmed in 1972 for image compression . The DCT was adapted into the MDCT by J.P. Princen, A.W. Johnson and Alan B. Bradley at

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