58-543: Xibaipo ( Chinese : 西柏坡镇 ) is a township-level division of Pingshan County , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , China . Xibaipo is where the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman Mao commanded the three major battles that shocked both China and the world, such as Liao, Huaihai and Ping and Tianjin, held the great historic significance of
116-443: A component—either a character or a sub-component called a radical —usually involves either a reduction in its total number of strokes , or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the ⼓ ' WRAP ' radical used in the traditional character 沒 is simplified to ⼏ ' TABLE ' to form the simplified character 没 . By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of
174-434: A conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: Sample Derivations : The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete. Then amongst
232-407: A few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's State Council on 5 June 2013. In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name 简化字 ; jiǎnhuàzì , or colloquially as 简体字 ; jiǎntǐzì . The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as
290-399: A horseshoe like mountain depression in the sun, surrounded by three sides, surrounded by water, west of Taihang Mountain, east to the central Hebei Plain, only 90 kilometers from Shijiazhuang, North China. Traffic is convenient, easy to defend and difficult to attack. It is suitable for evacuated to the mountains in times of crisis. In terms of economic conditions, the village of Xibaipo village
348-463: A library, a computer room, a multi-functional classroom and a fitness and musical instrument. The functions are complete and the conditions are superior, which meet the growing cultural needs of the people. 38°19′03″N 114°00′46″E / 38.31762°N 114.01269°E / 38.31762; 114.01269 Simplified Chinese characters Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write
406-599: A newly coined phono-semantic compound : Removing radicals Only retaining single radicals Replacing with ancient forms or variants : Adopting ancient vulgar variants : Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters : Copying and modifying another traditional character : Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the Complete List , the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as
464-568: A part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. According to Chinese palaeographer Qiu Xigui , the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical shape ( 字形 ; zìxíng ),
522-511: Is 70 kilometers from the camel beam of the summer resort. It is 35 kilometers from the ancient capital of Zhongshan and 40 kilometers from the Pai Hotsprings Spa Resort. It is a transit station for the tourist attractions. With the rapid development of the tourism industry, the town Party committee and government have built Xibaipo Forest Park, planting 1 million 800 thousand landscaping, ornamental and all kinds of economic trees. And in
580-440: Is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character 搾 which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 榨 . The 扌 'HAND' with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 搾 is now seen as more complex, appearing as the ⽊ 'TREE' radical 木 , with four strokes, in the chosen variant 榨 . Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance,
638-580: Is dense, with a distance of 1-2 kilometers, and along the Hutuo River. Marshal Nie Rongzhen once said: "Pingshan County can be called Ukraine in the Jin Cha Ji border area." The more developed agricultural economy is conducive to ensuring the economic supply of the army and the people and providing the material base for the CCP Central Committee's resident. Xibaipo was selected as the command center for
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#1732851508900696-454: Is derived. Merging homophonous characters: Adapting cursive shapes ( 草書楷化 ): Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol (such as 又 and 乂 ): Omitting entire components : Omitting components, then applying further alterations : Structural changes that preserve the basic shape Replacing the phonetic component of phono-semantic compounds : Replacing an uncommon phonetic component : Replacing entirely with
754-459: Is held every year from 4 to May, and the peony festival is held. The Xibaipo memorial hall is the memorial site of the former site of the Chinese revolution. In Pingshan County, Hebei Province, Xibaipo is the location of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in the late liberation war and the headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It is the last rural command post of
812-809: Is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public. In 2013, the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of 8105 characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents. Singapore underwent three successive rounds of character simplification , eventually arriving at
870-609: Is referred to as the " big seal script ". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the Shuowen Jiezi dictionary ( c. 100 AD ), is that the Qin small seal script that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to
928-412: Is the cradle of the birth of new China. Xibaipo is rich in persimmon, black jujube, high quality thin skin walnut, Chinese great apricot, sour jujube and other dry fruit, pepper, beans, peanuts, millet, sorghum and other small cereals. In addition, farmers have scattered eggs, with good taste and high nutritional value. It is also popular with tourists. Culture and education Xibaipo education ranks among
986-540: Is used instead of 叠 in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable. The Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese was published in 1988 and included 7000 simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009,
1044-656: The Chinese language , with the other being traditional characters . Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in mainland China and Singapore , while traditional characters are officially used in Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan . Simplification of
1102-456: The "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical form ( 字体 ; 字體 ; zìtǐ ), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic[al] shape and calligraphic style, [...] in most cases refer[ring] to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their small seal script across
1160-476: The 1986 General List of Simplified Chinese Characters , hereafter the General List . All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986 Complete List . Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3
1218-508: The 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters. Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools. All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of
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#17328515089001276-523: The Chinese Communist Party, the meeting site of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in September, the headquarters of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party to meet the old site of the Kuomintang peace representative, etc. The Memorial Hall's auxiliary display, through cultural relics, literature, pictures and information, systematically reflects
1334-470: The Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of 8300 characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components
1392-526: The Communist Party members developed from 60 in 1931 to 19535, and the masses listened to the party, and the mass foundation was better. Since the war of resistance against Japan, Pingshan County has been surrounded by the two major bases of Shanxi, Hebei, Hebei, Shandong and Henan border areas. Pingshan County is the location of the Fourth Army division of the Jin Cha Ji border area and the leading organ of
1450-568: The National Road, the road is smooth and the traffic is convenient. The newly built Xibaipo expressway can be directly accessible from Shijiazhuang. Xibaipo memorial is located in the center of the town. With the development of tourism, there are 500 thousand people visiting here every year. Xibaipo, 30 kilometers from the North Guilin, is 90 kilometers from the Buddhist holy land Mount Wutai. It
1508-597: The North Bank of the Hutuo River in the west of Hebei Province, is considered beautiful. According to historical records, Xibaipo, originally known as "Bo bu", was first built in the Tang dynasty, and was named after its luxuriant green cedar on the slope. In 1935, a teacher in the village changed "bu" to "Po" and changed his name to "Xibaipo village". He is located in the confluence of the North China Plain and Taihang Mountain, in
1566-525: The Second Army division. The northern branch of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the government of the Jin Cha Ji border area and the Jin Cha Ji military district have also lived here for more than three and a half years. Pingshan County is a model county in the Jin Cha Ji border area. Xibaipo is a model village. Xibaipo built its party in winter in 1937. By 1948, there were 40 party members, distributed in 33 households, accounting for 12.3% of
1624-428: The character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between
1682-407: The chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow: Sample reduction of equivalent variants : Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred : Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen : The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1 : In some instances, the chosen variant
1740-465: The country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and poet Hu Shih (1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from
1798-568: The distribution of the appropriate villages have made the Xibaipo the best choice for the Central Committee of the Industrial Committee. When Huang general visited Xibaipo in 1988, he wrote the inscription "new China is coming from here". Xibaipo has a glorious history. Xibaipo people have made great contributions in different historical periods. In 1958, for the construction of the Gangan reservoir,
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1856-472: The early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist Lufei Kui formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing dynasty , followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 May Fourth Movement —many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see
1914-405: The ecological environment, the mountain area prohibits grazing and develops red tourism. Xibaipo is located in the middle of Pingshan County, 45 kilometers from Pingshan County, 85 kilometers from Shijiazhuang provincial capital, 79 kilometers from the entrance of Jingshi high speed Shijiazhuang, 207 National Road across the whole border. All 16 administrative villages are scattered on both sides of
1972-616: The first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by Peking University professor Qian Xuantong . However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme , a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over
2030-463: The first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters lists 8,105 characters, including
2088-465: The following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility
2146-503: The founding of the Qin. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of clerical script through the process of libian . Eastward spread of Western learning Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during
2204-466: The increased usage of 朙 was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 眀 , with 目 'eye' on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 朙 . Ultimately, 明 became the character's standard form. The Book of Han (111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by King Xuan of Zhou ( d. 782 BC ) to unify character forms across the states of ancient China , with his chief chronicler having "[written] fifteen chapters describing" what
2262-455: The largest inland water surface in North China, with an area of 7000 mu. The area is located in the warm temperate zone. It is a semi arid continental monsoon climate. The four seasons are clear, cold and dry in winter, hot and rainy in summer, and the annual average temperature is 12.5 degrees Celsius. The superior geographical position, the developed economy, the solid foundation of the mass and
2320-459: The left, with the 月 'Moon' component on the right. Li Si ( d. 208 BC ), the Chancellor of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin small seal script across China following the wars that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the 朙 form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as 明 . However,
2378-453: The liberation of China and the preparation of new China. It not only has its unique geographical conditions and natural environment, but also has the revolutionary base and political advantage established for many years. In Pingshan County, the revolution was started earlier, and the Communist Party was established in the period of the great revolution. By 1946, the Party branch of the county was 608,
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2436-404: The liberation of China. In 1958, a reservoir and a revolutionary site were relocated. Since 1970, the site of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party has been restored and restored to a total area of 16440 square meters. In 1977, the new Xibaipo memorial hall was built with an area of 3344 square meters. On 26 May 1978, the site and Memorial Hall of the CCP Central Committee were open at
2494-402: The most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 漢字不滅，中國必亡 ). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935,
2552-460: The park to increase the examination, return, Keyuan, twelve zodiac gardens and other attractions 24. In the scenic area, the air is fresh, the birds are chirping, the Po Po Lake is blue waves, and the fans are small. It is a good place for fishing, boating and holidays. At the same time, the peony garden of Xibaipo, which covers an area of 300 mu, has more than 110 varieties and more than 30000 peonies,
2610-555: The people of Xibaipo moved from rich rice grain Sichuan to Gao Gang drought ridge. The per capita cultivated land area changed from 5 mu to 0.3 mu. The production and living conditions were extremely bad, especially in 1998, after the Gangnan Reservoir was designated as the drinking water source of the provincial capital, the aquaculture, industrial and mining enterprises of xiabe were banned. In order to protect water resources and protect
2668-430: The public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end. In 1986, authorities retracted
2726-465: The recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history. Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of woodblock printing , was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 明 or 朙 —with either 日 'Sun' or 囧 'window' on
2784-418: The revolutionary practice of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the leaders in Xibaipo. Local customs and practices. Xibaipo folk customs are simple, and the culture is deep. Lantau Peak, Tiger Hill, Tang TA, general slope, mother ridge, donkey mountain and so on all have beautiful and moving legends. Xibaipo outstanding people, the central ministries and commissions worked here and fought,
2842-476: The same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore adopted
2900-417: The same time. The museum has more original collections and more than 2000 pieces of revolutionary relics, of which 15 are 8 categories. Basically, there are exhibitions of revolutionary sites and auxiliary displays of memorial hall. The restoration of the old residence of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoji, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi, Dong Biwu, the second Plenary Session of the 7th CCP Central Committee meeting site of
2958-407: The second Plenary Session of the 7th CCP Central Committee and the national land conference, emancipated all China, and therefore had the reputation of "new China coming from here" and "the destiny of China to this village". As one of the revolutionary sites in China, it is a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national AAAAA level tourist attraction. Xibaipo, a small mountain village on
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#17328515089003016-461: The second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the General List of Simplified Chinese Characters . It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 叠 , 覆 , 像 ; the form 疊
3074-530: The top of the county, with one secondary school and three primary schools, with a student enrollment rate of 100%, and there is a health center in the Township Center, with a health center in the village, which basically meets the needs of patients. Xibaipo cultural station is one of the pilot cultural stations in Hebei Province, with a building area of 1100 square meters. The cultural station is equipped with
3132-565: The total number of villages, accounting for 33% of the total number of households in the village. Xibaipo was effectively the capital of the North China Communist Border Region for a period before the communists took Beijing at the end of the Pingjin Campaign on 31 January 1949. Xibaipo town is located at the foot of Taihang Shandong, with a total area of 55 thousand mu and a forest area of 27 thousand mu. The area has
3190-488: The traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the Cultural Revolution , a second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to
3248-817: The traditional character 強 , with 11 strokes is standardised as 强 , with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. The new standardized character forms shown in the Characters for Publishing and revised through the Common Modern Characters list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow: The traditional component 釆 becomes 米 : The traditional component 囚 becomes 日 : The traditional "Break" stroke becomes
3306-516: The use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time. Lu Xun , one of
3364-461: Was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by Zhou Enlai in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing [ zh ] (hereafter Characters for Printing ), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. A second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by
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