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97-467: This was the first Formula One car powered by a BMW engine since the Megatron -badged Arrows A10B in 1988. An evolution of the previous season's FW21 , it marked the first year of the team's collaboration with BMW as an engine supplier, a partnership that would last until the end of 2005; this was also the first Formula One car since 1987 to use BMW engines. The FW22 proved to be extremely promising in

194-618: A Formula One engine was its lack of throttle response due to turbo lag. Unlike the V6 and V8 turbocharged engines which ran with twin turbos (one for each bank of cylinders), the inline-4 BMW engine, like the other four-cylinder turbo engines used in F1 such as the Hart 415T and the Zakspeed 1500/4 , only used a single turbocharger. The twin-turbo setups of the "V" engines eliminated much of the turbo lag. However, with only

291-525: A clear track to make the most of the short-lasting qualifying tyres led to drivers taking risks, further increasing the danger. The week before the first Grand Prix weekend of the season in South Africa, teams gathered for a test session which was conducted at the Kyalami circuit. Prost set the fastest time during testing, at 1:05.71, almost eight seconds quicker than the previous track record. Surer, driving for

388-607: A drivers' strike at the season opener in South Africa and saw a partial race boycott as part of the ongoing FISA–FOCA war at the San Marino Grand Prix . Two drivers died during 1982: Gilles Villeneuve during qualifying for the Belgian Grand Prix and Riccardo Paletti at the start of the Canadian Grand Prix . Championship front-runner Didier Pironi also suffered a career-ending accident while qualifying for

485-472: A gear change and moved into the lead, immediately beginning to pull away. Rosberg overtook Villeneuve for third on lap 21. This turned into second place on lap 34, when de Cesaris crashed into the wall after his engine had failed. The order remained until the chequered flag , with Lauda winning in only his third Grand Prix back in the sport. Villeneuve was later excluded from the results in Long Beach, following

582-506: A handicap factor of 2.0 required 1,500 cc engines. During the 1982 season, the Brabham team, then owned by future F1 boss Bernie Ecclestone , used both the older Cosworth DFV V8 engine as well as the turbocharged BMW M12 in selected races in a development program. The BMW proved to be fast in its first year in Formula One, though its reliability, with turbocharging still in its infancy,

679-619: A head at the 1980 Spanish Grand Prix , where the drivers of teams belonging to FOCA boycotted the obligatory drivers' briefing and were threatened by FISA with having their licences revoked. The race went ahead as a non-championship event, without the non-FOCA aligned teams participating. Following an aborted attempt to establish a breakaway World Championship, FOCA agreed to the Concorde Agreement with FISA in March 1981. This agreement stipulated that all teams were obliged to attend all rounds of

776-468: A heavy accident on lap 22 at Tarzan corner. His left front wheel broke off as he approached the corner, sending his car into the tyre wall. Pironi won the race without serious competition, ahead of Piquet and Rosberg. For the next race at Brands Hatch, the British Grand Prix , Brabham had devised what they referred to as "The Ploy". Inspired by Prost's comeback drive at the season opener at Kyalami,

873-479: A newcomer to Formula One. Marc Surer was hired by Arrows, but broke both his feet in pre-season testing at Kyalami . He was set to be replaced by Patrick Tambay , who was then fired after taking part in the drivers' strike at that race and the seat went to Henton. Eliseo Salazar transferred from Ensign Racing to the ATS team. Following Reutemann's retirement, Williams hired 1978 World Champion Mario Andretti as

970-597: A one-off replacement for the United States Grand Prix West . Derek Daly then became the permanent second driver at the team, as Andretti had racing obligations in the United States to fulfill. Andretti returned with Ferrari for the last two races of the season, replacing Pironi, who had suffered career-ending injuries at the German Grand Prix . Villeneuve, who died following a crash in qualifying for

1067-520: A protest by Ken Tyrrell over Ferrari's use of a double rear wing. In the week before the next round, the San Marino Grand Prix , the FIA International Court of Appeal sided with Ferrari and Renault on their complaint over the water tanks at the race in Brazil and disqualified Piquet and Rosberg, handing victory to Prost. It was further decided that the cars would now be weighed after the race in

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1164-643: A significant and indeterminable time gap existed between applying the throttle of the car and the point when the full power of the turbo was taking effect. This made the turbo cars very difficult to drive. In 1979 , Renault took the first victory with a turbo-charged engine. In 1981, Ferrari had followed them by introducing their own turbo engine. Additionally, the Toleman team also used turbo engines for 1982, supplied by Hart , while Brabham started using turbocharged BMW engines at some, but not all, rounds that year. Alfa Romeo retained what motorsport writer Doug Nye called

1261-554: A single turbo, the BMW M12 suffered from approximately 2 seconds of turbo lag, meaning drivers often had to start accelerating through the apex of a corner. The power from the turbo was described by many (including Piquet and Berger) as coming on like a light switch which often induced sudden oversteer. Consequently, the BMW was usually seen at its most competitive at power circuits such as Kyalami , Imola , Paul Ricard , Silverstone , Hockenheim ,

1358-594: The 1955 Le Mans disaster . The addition of Detroit meant that the United States hosted three Grands Prix, the only time one country had more than two races in one season until 2020 , when Italy also hosted three Grands Prix. Starting in the early 1970s, Bernie Ecclestone , owner of the Brabham team, had seized control of the Formula 1 Constructors Association, later renamed Formula One Constructors' Association. In this role, he began to negotiate more lucrative contracts between

1455-491: The 1987 and 1988 seasons, as well as Ligier in 1987. By 1988, Arrows were one of only six teams still running turbocharged engines, and the Megatrons were the oldest turbo engine still in use in Formula One, Ferrari having introduced a brand-new turbo engine the previous year . The Megatron programme ended after 1988 as a result of rule changes that banned turbocharged engines from 1989 onwards, with Eddie Cheever scoring

1552-595: The Arrows A10 B was among the fastest cars on the long Monza straights, faster even than the all-conquering McLaren - Hondas into which designer Steve Nichols had effectively incorporated elements of Gordon Murray's low-line Brabham design as well as featuring a more powerful V6 engine . With turbos banned from the 1989 season, the Arrows team reverted to using 3,499 cc (213.5 cu in), naturally aspirated Ford DFR V8 power plants. The M12's major shortcoming as

1649-632: The Belgian Grand Prix , was replaced by Tambay starting from the Dutch Grand Prix . At Team Lotus , Nigel Mansell missed two races due to injuries from a crash in Canada . His substitute at the Dutch Grand Prix was Roberto Moreno , who failed to qualify. Mansell attempted a comeback at Brands Hatch , but was again replaced at the French Grand Prix , this time by Geoff Lees . An accident at

1746-453: The Canadian Grand Prix . Pironi qualified on pole, but stalled at the start. His stationary car was hit by the Osella of young Italian Riccardo Paletti, who was competing in only his second race in Formula One. Paletti suffered severe internal injuries and his car caught fire while the track marshals tried to extract him from his vehicle. He was pronounced dead upon arrival in the hospital. The race

1843-579: The Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft , a 1,400 cc variant (with a 1.4 handicap factor equal to 2,000 cc) was turbocharged by Paul Rosche according to FIA Group 5 rules. At well over 350 hp (261 kW) from the beginning, it rendered the normally-aspirated engines in the two-litre category useless. After some development, power, driveability, and reliability improved, especially in the IMSA car, and BMW began to think about entering F1, where

1940-403: The Dutch Grand Prix , Ferrari introduced Patrick Tambay as a replacement for Villeneuve. The Renault drivers once more locked out the front row, Arnoux ahead of Prost. The latter took the lead at the start, followed by Arnoux and Pironi. On lap two, Pironi overtook Arnoux and three laps later moved ahead of Prost into the lead. While Prost retired with an engine failure, Arnoux was lucky to survive

2037-419: The German Grand Prix . These incidents and several other major accidents led to regulation changes to increase driver safety for the 1983 season . Motorsport journalist Nigel Roebuck later wrote that 1982 was "an ugly year, pock-marked by tragedy, by dissension, by greed, and yet, paradoxically, it produced some of the most memorable racing ever seen". Eventual champion Rosberg won only one race all season –

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2134-501: The Lotus 78 , known as the "wing car". The car used what is commonly referred to as "ground effect", with the physical principle applied being the " Venturi effect ". The sides of the underside of the car would be shut off with skirts to trap the under-pressure airflow underneath the car, effectively "sucking" the vehicle to the ground. This led to increased cornering speeds, but at the same time brought implications that had an adverse effect on

2231-625: The Monaco Grand Prix to the Swiss Grand Prix. Ferrari, who replaced Villeneuve with Patrick Tambay and Pironi with 1978 World Champion Mario Andretti , managed to score enough points to secure the Constructors' Championship, finishing five points clear of McLaren with Renault third. The following teams and drivers took part in the 1982 Formula One World Championship: All teams and constructors who had competed in 1981 returned for

2328-558: The Swiss Grand Prix – but consistency gave him the Drivers' Championship, five points clear of Pironi and John Watson . Rosberg was the second driver to win the championship having won only one race in the season, after Mike Hawthorn in 1958 . Eleven different drivers from seven different teams won a race during the season, with no driver winning more than twice; there was also a run of nine different winners in nine consecutive races from

2425-733: The Österreichring and Monza. On tighter tracks such as street circuits like Monaco and Detroit which required greater acceleration and less top speed, the BMW-powered cars often lagged behind their major rivals. World Championships: 1 (Nelson Piquet in a Brabham in 1983 ) Wins: 9 (Piquet 7, Riccardo Patrese 1, Gerhard Berger 1) Pole positions: 15 (Piquet 12, Teo Fabi 2, Patrese 1) Fastest laps: 14 (Piquet 9, Patrese 2, Berger 2, Fabi 1) ( key ) (Results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap) * Ineligible for points. 1982 Formula One World Championship The 1982 FIA Formula One World Championship

2522-468: The 1981 season, both Williams drivers, 1980 World Champion Alan Jones and Carlos Reutemann , had announced their retirement from racing. Reutemann did in fact return for 1982, competing in the first two races, before retiring unexpectedly at the end of March. Jones was replaced by Keke Rosberg , who had previously entered 36 Grands Prix, with a third-place finish as his best result. The off season saw rumours of several former champions returning to

2619-595: The 1984 Canadian and Detroit races, and the 1985 French Grand Prix . These proved to be Brabham's final wins in Formula 1. For 1986 , the M12 was upgraded into the M12/13/1. ( Bore 89.2 mm X Stroke 60 mm) 374.95 cc and 350 PS per cylinder 933.46 PS/litre. This version was claimed to have produced a maximum output of 1,400 hp (1,044 kW) at 11,000 rpm, and about 850–930 lb⋅ft (1,152–1,261 N⋅m) of torque in qualifying trim, which would make it

2716-404: The Arrows team, broke his feet in an accident and had to be replaced by Tambay. Mass also crashed in his March 821, but escaped uninjured. Ferrari did not have their new car, the 126C2 , ready for testing and ran an updated version of their 1981 vehicle, the 126CK, instead. The Brabham team were satisfied with the progress of their new BT50 with the turbocharged BMW engine. Before the start of

2813-587: The Belgian Grand Prix onwards, as Surer returned to Arrows after his injuries had healed. The following rounds were included on the provisional calendars but were cancelled: The Australian Grand Prix was a reserve race to be held in Ravenhall on the outskirts of Melbourne , with a date of 3 October. The Argentine Grand Prix was scheduled to take place on 7 March, but was cancelled due to lack of sponsors, as several pulled out due to uncertainty following

2910-491: The Brazilian Grand Prix in March, led the championship by one point from Watson and two points from Pironi. The next race was the inaugural Detroit Grand Prix , which was marred by lack of track preparation, delaying the practice session on a circuit that had never hosted a motor race before. During the shortened qualifying session, Prost took pole position ahead of de Cesaris, with Rosberg in third. The big surprise of

3007-469: The FOCA teams with a Cosworth DFV motor had a significant power disadvantage compared to the constructors who used a turbocharged engine. To counteract this, the non-turbo teams used a loophole in the regulations. The weight of the car was measured before and after the race, with oil and cooling liquids allowed to be refilled before the final weigh-in. The teams would therefore build their cars lighter than allowed by

Williams FW22 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3104-591: The Ferrari drivers in a position to win the Grand Prix. Their team held out "slow" signs from the pit wall, urging them to conserve fuel. Villeneuve, who led, understood this to mean that the cars were to finish in the current order. Pironi appeared to disregard the signals from the pitwall and took the lead on lap 46. He then sped up, pulling Villeneuve with him, who retook the lead again on lap 49. They changed position three more times; as Villeneuve slowed down each time he took

3201-467: The Formula One Commission, Pironi, on behalf of the drivers, objected to the licence application. Balestre reacted strongly, excluding all drivers who had not signed from the following day's practice session. The drivers, almost all of them and not just the ones who had refused to sign, in turn reacted by going on strike the next day, boarding a bus to a nearby hotel. The conflict continued until

3298-595: The Professional Racing Drivers' Association (PRDA). When qualifying finally commenced, Arnoux took pole position from Piquet, with Villeneuve and Patrese on the second row of the grid. At the start, Arnoux led while Piquet did not get away well and was overtaken by several cars, including Prost, who jumped from fifth to second. Piquet and Villeneuve retired early, while Prost took the lead from his teammate Arnoux on lap 14. He would lead until lap 41, when he punctured his left rear tyre, forcing him to come into

3395-463: The accident did not result in any fatalities or serious injuries. At this stage, Pironi led the championship by nine points ahead of Watson and was seen as the likely favourite to win the title. At the following event, the German Grand Prix at Hockenheim , Pironi qualified on pole position, but collided with Prost's Renault in wet conditions later in the session. Pironi's car was thrown into

3492-484: The advent of very powerful turbocharged engines. In 1977, Renault had introduced the first turbocharged engine into the sport with their Renault RS01 . The regulations at the time allowed for either three-litre normally aspirated or 1.5-litre turbocharged engines, with Renault being the first to attempt to go the latter route. Over the next few seasons, the turbo engines proved fast, yet unreliable. The cars also suffered from an effect often labelled "turbo lag", meaning that

3589-460: The air and though he survived the impact, he suffered severe leg injuries and would never compete in Formula One again. The race took place with the first slot on the grid vacant. Brabham were again attempting to employ the strategy of having their cars refuel and change tyres halfway through the race. Piquet led comfortably when he collided with Salazar while trying to lap him, leading Piquet to furiously hit and kick his competitor after he got out of

3686-501: The car. Tambay went on to win the race for Ferrari, his first victory in a Grand Prix, ahead of Arnoux and Rosberg, who was now third in the championship. At the Austrian Grand Prix on the Österreichring , most turbocharged runners retired early, leaving Prost in the lead, only to retire with fuel injection issues five laps from the finish. This left de Angelis and Rosberg to fight out the race victory, with de Angelis reaching

3783-404: The cars was reduced from 585 kg (1,290 lb) to 580 kg (1,280 lb). A new "driver survival cell" cockpit protection was made mandatory as well. Four companies, Goodyear , Michelin , Pirelli , and Avon , supplied tyres, including special qualifying tyres with an increased grip level. These qualifying tyres had originally been banned in 1980 , but had since been reallowed. For

3880-442: The championship, the team decided that if the cars should run first and second, he should win. Arnoux did not honour the agreement and took the victory ahead of his teammate, much to Prost's dismay. Another heavy accident marred the race, as Mass ran into the back of Mauro Baldi at Signes corner. As Mass's car slid towards the barrier, it was catapulted into the grandstands full of spectators. Although several people had minor injures,

3977-407: The championship, while at the same time settling differences over future regulation changes. The new rules for the 1982 season included an increase in the number of cars permitted to enter a Grand Prix from 30 to 34, and the number of starters from 24 to 26. To avoid having all 34 cars on the track at one time, a pre-qualifying session was introduced in which the three teams with the worst record in

Williams FW22 - Misplaced Pages Continue

4074-622: The combined 36 points placed Williams third in the Constructors' Championship, behind the dominant Ferrari and McLaren teams. Williams had a new livery inspired by the BMW-powered Brabhams of the 1980s. They went into the 2000 season with several renewed sponsors like Nortel Networks , Castrol and Petrobras . The team received new sponsorships such as Allianz , Reuters , Compaq and Intel Inside while Brother , Komatsu and Auto Motor und Sport were discontinued. As Williams did not have any tobacco sponsorships ( Winfield being

4171-478: The condition in which they had finished, eliminating the Cosworth-powered teams' use of water tanks to increase their performance. All other runners' results from the Brazilian Grand Prix were upheld, including Watson's, who inherited second place even though his use of the water tanks had been as illegal as the others. The FOCA teams requested a postponement of the next race until July to allow consideration of

4268-402: The day was defending World Champion Piquet, who failed to qualify as his Brabham BT50 had engine problems and the spare car was not performing well either. In the race, Prost led comfortably until an accident between Roberto Guerrero , Elio de Angelis and Patrese led to the race being suspended. De Cesaris had retired at this point and at the restart, Prost led Rosberg and Pironi. A problem with

4365-487: The drivers' safety. Moveable skirts were thus banned in 1981, accompanied by a minimum ride height for the cars of 6 cm (2.4 in), targeted at minimising the "ground effect" and to reduce cornering speed. For 1982, both regulations were reversed as a result of the new Concorde Agreement. The skirts around the underpart of the chassis, which locked the airflow underneath the car, necessitated very stiff suspensions to work properly. This meant that every bump on track

4462-474: The drivers' strike in the opening race. The Grand Prix was also cancelled due to political unrest in Argentina. The Spanish Grand Prix was omitted from the calendar for several reasons. The Circuito del Jarama , where the race had been held the previous year , was unpopular with the drivers. In addition, the organisers had failed to pay their fees for 1981. Although the race was re-instated for 27 June after

4559-482: The effects of the court's judgement, on the grounds that it changed the regulations of the sport. The race organisers refused to delay the race, which went ahead without the majority of the FOCA teams. At this stage in the championship, Prost led with 18 points, six ahead of Lauda, with Rosberg and Watson sharing third position on eight points. With the FOCA teams boycotting the race, the San Marino Grand Prix

4656-478: The engine's mechanical reliability and durability under full workload suffered severely, with engine blow-ups and turbo failures becoming common occurrences. Furthermore, with FISA imposing a maximum fuel limit of 220 litres per race (refuelling was allowed in 1982 and 1983), the four-cylinder BMW suffered from high fuel consumption which often led to drivers running out of fuel, and continued to suffer from poor reliability. Consequently, Piquet scored only three wins -

4753-601: The extremely low BT55 , but the concept proved unsuccessful, most likely due to cooling issues in the tight compartment. Instead, Benetton , with the more conventional B186 , were the leading BMW users in 1986, with Berger scoring his and the team's first (and the BMW engine's last) win at the Mexican Grand Prix . BMW announced their withdrawal from F1 at the end of 1986, but that they would continue to honour their contract and supply, Brabham, with their tilted M12s for 1987. Arrows team boss Jackie Oliver , with support from

4850-409: The finish, with Piquet winning from Rosberg, Prost, Watson and Mansell. The heavy strain posed onto the drivers by the bumpy circuit and hot, humid weather was showcased not only by Patrese retiring on lap 34 due to exhaustion, but also when Piquet fainted on the winners' rostrum. Following the race, both Ferrari and Renault protested the first- and second-place finishes of Piquet and Rosberg, citing

4947-422: The first time the number of tyres permitted for qualification was limited to two sets per session, creating a situation which Villeneuve thought "...unnecessarily dangerous. If I have only two chances to set a time, I need a clear track, OK? If it isn't clear, if there's someone in my way, I just have to hope he's looking in his mirrors – I mean, I can't lift, because this is my last chance." The necessity of having

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5044-411: The following week, Villeneuve said that he would never speak to Pironi again. "I've declared war. Absolute war. Finishing second is one thing – I'd have been mad at myself for not being quick enough if he'd beaten me. But finishing second because the bastard steals it..." Gilles Villeneuve describing his relationship with teammate Didier Pironi after the San Marino Grand Prix . Two weeks later,

5141-510: The fuel injection slowed Prost down, handing the lead to Rosberg. Watson, who qualified 17th on the grid, got his Michelin tyres working well on the Detroit circuit and overtook one driver after another until, on lap 37, he went into the lead, as Rosberg had gearbox issues. Watson won the race from Eddie Cheever and Pironi, taking the lead in the World Championship. Tragedy struck again at

5238-553: The hands of young German driver Ralf Schumacher and English debutant Jenson Button . Schumacher achieved eight points finishes (including three third places) and Button six; at the Brazilian Grand Prix , the Englishman became the youngest driver at that time to score a World Championship point, aged 20 years and two months. Schumacher finished fifth in the Drivers' Championship with 24 points while Button finished eighth with 12;

5335-447: The highest straight line speed by a turbocharged Formula One car when he was timed at 352.22 km/h (219 mph). In fact, the top five cars through the speed trap at Monza (Berger and teammate Teo Fabi , Brabham's Derek Warwick and Riccardo Patrese , and the Arrows of Thierry Boutsen ) were all powered by the BMW M12. Brabham tilted the upgraded engine sideways by 72° for use in

5432-469: The inline-four M12 over its V6 Ferrari and Renault opposition was that, with one fewer turbo, two fewer cylinders, and eight fewer valves, the BMW engine had lower frictional losses and, therefore, produced less waste heat. This allowed Brahbam's lead designer Gordon Murray the luxury of designing the BT52 with smaller radiators, which meant better aerodynamic efficiency and thus better straight-line speed. The BT52

5529-469: The last one), Veltins once again returned with the team for the third year. In French, the logo was replaced with "Veltins Alkoholfrei" but it was removed in scale models and video games. ( key ) (results in bold indicate pole position) This Formula One –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . BMW M12 The BMW M12/13 turbo was a 1,499.8 cc four-cylinder turbocharged Formula One engine, based on

5626-454: The lead at the start, followed by Rosberg, with the two Renault drivers behind. Rosberg fell behind the Renaults on the first lap and was overtaken by Patrese on lap three and by Piquet two laps later. Villeneuve led until lap 30, when he spun out. This allowed Piquet into the lead, closely followed by Rosberg, with the two having battled for position during the preceding laps. The order remained to

5723-414: The lead, Pironi would overtake him again. Eventually, Pironi won the race and Villeneuve was furious at his teammate for allegedly not following team orders. After the race, he said: "People seem to think we had the battle of our lives! [...] I was coasting those last 15 laps." Pironi said that "The 'slow' sign means only to use your head [... not that] if you think you can win, don't do it." In an interview

5820-439: The lead, followed by de Cesaris. On the final lap, Pironi, de Cesaris, and Daly all retired because they ran out of fuel while in potential race winning positions. Meanwhile, Patrese bump-started his car by coasting down a hill, completed the final two laps, and took his first career victory. Pironi was classified second, despite running out of fuel and stopping on the last lap. After the race, Prost, who had scored no points since

5917-470: The most powerful engine ever to race in Formula 1, turbocharged or otherwise. At the time, there was no way to accurately measure horsepower figures over 1,000, and so claimed output figures were generally accepted from the engineers' theoretical calculations; for example, 0.1 bar of turbo boost was rated to be worth approximately 20 hp (15 kW)). During the 1986 Italian Grand Prix at Monza , Gerhard Berger 's BMW-powered Benetton B186 recorded

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6014-580: The most powerful three-litre engine seen in Formula One at that time, with 548 bhp (409 kW). They tested their turbocharged V8 engine during practice for the Italian Grand Prix , but did not race with it until 1983 . Most FOCA teams still relied upon the Cosworth DFV engine, which had been introduced by Lotus in 1967 . In 1981, McLaren had built the first monocoque car from carbon fibre composite. This resulted in lighter cars, while at

6111-508: The new season. Brabham had entered an engine supply deal with German car manufacturer BMW for the use of their inline-four turbo engines. The team announced in January that they were committing to the use of the new BMW engine throughout the season, but after experiencing reliability problems with it, they reverted to the Cosworth DFV motor several times during the season. At the end of

6208-546: The next day, the Friday before the race was set to take place. It was partially resolved shortly before noon that day, with the drivers receiving half-hearted assurances towards their demands. They would ultimately be fined $ 5,000 each for the strike, with the new Super Licence being scrapped. Following the events in South Africa, the GPDA disbanded at a driver meeting in Paris, being replaced by

6305-473: The old BMW engine's last podium finish with third place in the 1988 Italian Grand Prix at Monza . This race was also significant as it marked the first time Heini Mader had solved the problems caused by the FIA 's boost limit valve, which limited turbo boost pressure to 4.0 bar in 1987 and 2.5 bar in 1988. By moving the valve closer to the engine, the problem of the turbo not delivering enough boost had been solved, and

6402-751: The organisers had paid off their debts to the Formula One Constructors' Association (FOCA), protests from the teams over the dangerous nature, the very narrow track, and outdated facilities of the Jarama venue led to the race being cancelled. Two new races were added to the calendar compared to 1981 : the Detroit Grand Prix and the Swiss Grand Prix , the latter to be held at Dijon-Prenois in France since motor racing has been outlawed in Switzerland since

6499-429: The paddock moved to Zolder for the Belgian Grand Prix. In qualifying, Villeneuve went out onto the track on his second set of fast tyres, which were already used and had only one more fast lap to go before their performance became compromised. On his flying lap, he failed to better the time of teammate Pironi, but instead of slowing down, as drivers usually did on laps at the end of which they were supposed to head back to

6596-437: The pitlane for new tyres. He emerged in eighth place, but with this fresh set, Prost was the quickest driver on the course, allowing him to overtake relatively easily. On lap 68, he once again took the leading position from Arnoux and went on to win the race. Reutemann also overtook Arnoux late in the race and finished second, with Lauda in fourth place on his return to Formula One racing. The teams then travelled to Brazil for

6693-408: The pits, Villeneuve continued to drive fast. It has been speculated that he was determined to beat Pironi's time due to the animosity between the two. It is unclear if this is true, with Forghieri claiming that Villeneuve had indeed planned to return to the pitlane. In any event, Villeneuve caught Jochen Mass travelling much more slowly through a left-handed bend and moved to the right to pass him at

6790-535: The previous year would compete to be allowed into qualification proper. Just as the previous year, the best eleven results from all the races counted towards the Drivers' Championship. All races counted towards the Manufacturers Championship. In the years leading up to 1982, two major technological developments had shaped Formula One: the turbocharged engine and " ground effect ". In 1977 , Lotus had revolutionised aerodynamics in Formula One by introducing

6887-406: The race in France led Jochen Mass , already deeply shaken by the fatal crash of Villeneuve, in which he was involved, to walk away from Grand Prix racing. He was replaced at March by Rupert Keegan . Swedish driver Slim Borgudd had moved from ATS to Tyrrell in the off season, but was forced to leave the team after only three races when his sponsorship money ran out. Henton took his place from

6984-507: The races. Piquet, who won the Brazilian , Italian and European Grands Prix that year, won the championship by just two points, ahead of Renault 's Alain Prost (Renault had pioneered turbocharging in F1 in 1977 , but would never win the World Championship in the original turbo era (1977-1988)). Piquet was the first driver to win a World Championship in a turbo-powered car. The main advantage of

7081-403: The regulations and added water tanks, which they claimed were used to cool brake temperatures, but in reality the water was dumped on the track as soon as the car left the pitlane, allowing them to run faster. Keke Rosberg later explained that "the water tank [...] was the one that gave us at least a theoretical chance to compete with the turbos." In other regulation changes, the minimum weight of

7178-590: The returning FOCA teams; even the only turbo-engined finisher, Piquet, was one of them, after Brabham reintroduced the BMW-powered BT50 for this race. Motorsport journalist Nigel Roebuck stated that the next race, the Monaco Grand Prix , "was a sombre, edgy place [...] the sense of [Villeneuve's] absence was overwhelming"; the Canadian had lived in the principality and had won the previous year's race . Ferrari chose to only run one car, not replacing Villeneuve for

7275-448: The same instant that Mass also moved right to let Villeneuve through on the racing line . The two collided and Villeneuve was thrown out of his disintegrating car. He died of a fractured neck in a local hospital at 9:12 that evening. Ferrari withdrew from the race, which Watson won for McLaren. His teammate Lauda, who had finished third behind Rosberg, was disqualified after the race for an underweight car. The results were dominated by

7372-449: The same time being more rigid. McLaren had proven that carbon-fibre cars could be quick, with John Watson winning the 1981 British Grand Prix . Watson's lack of severe injuries following a severe accident at that year's Italian Grand Prix had shown the superiority of the material in terms of safety. Lotus followed suit for 1982, introducing carbon fibre for their Lotus 91 . Even with these effective technical advances in chassis design,

7469-427: The season, all drivers had received a letter from FISA, containing an application form for a new Super Licence . This new document stated that drivers would not be allowed to switch teams freely during the course of the season, with their licence being withdrawn should they do so. Additionally, the document forbade drivers from actions "which might harm the moral or material interests" of Formula One. The returning Lauda

7566-402: The second round. Brabham abandoned their turbo-charged BT50 for the time being on grounds of its unreliability, reverting to an updated BT49D for this race, powered by the Cosworth DFV engine. The cars once again proved just how quick they had become, when Prost qualified on pole position 6.27 seconds faster than Piquet had done the year before . Villeneuve was second on the grid and went into

7663-437: The second, and last, non-turbocharged pole position of the season. At the start of the warm-up lap, a fuel pressure issue led to his car being stationary on the grid while the other cars got underway. His mechanics helped him to a push start, but he did not reach the field in time and had to start the race last. This handed the front starting spot to Patrese, but he stalled. Both Arnoux and Fabi ran into him, taking all three out on

7760-616: The sport, but in the end only double World Champion Niki Lauda returned to Formula One after an absence of two years to partner John Watson at McLaren . Ferrari and Renault retained their race-winning line-ups of Gilles Villeneuve and Didier Pironi and Alain Prost and René Arnoux , respectively. At Brabham, defending World Champion Nelson Piquet remained with the team, and was partnered by Riccardo Patrese , who moved from Arrows to replace Héctor Rebaque . The Osella team gave Riccardo Paletti his Grand Prix debut, while Toleman replaced Brian Henton with Teo Fabi , also

7857-526: The sporting regulations governing Formula One to FISA. Over the following years, a power struggle developed between FOCA and FISA and Ecclestone and Balestre in particular. This conflict is generally referred to as the FISA–FOCA war . FOCA consisted of the majorly British constructor teams, while the manufacturer or "works" teams (Renault, Ferrari, Alfa Romeo and Talbot-Ligier ), together with Osella and Toleman were aligned with FISA. The conflict came to

7954-568: The spot. Piquet as the only remaining Brabham left led from Lauda, but "The Ploy" was not to be executed, as Piquet retired with fuel injection problems on lap ten. This left Lauda to take his second victory of the season, followed by Pironi and Tambay. Pironi took over the lead of the championship, now five points ahead of Watson. The Renaults were dominant at their home race, the French Grand Prix at Circuit Paul Ricard . Arnoux qualified ahead of Prost, and with Prost being better positioned in

8051-567: The standard BMW M10 engine introduced in 1961, and powered the F1 cars of Brabham , Arrows and Benetton . Nelson Piquet won the FIA Formula One Drivers' Championship in 1983 driving a Brabham powered by the BMW M12/13 turbo. It was the first Drivers' Championship to be won using a turbocharged engine. The engine also powered the BMW GTP and in the 2.0-litre naturally-aspirated form,

8148-623: The successful March Engineering Formula Two cars. BMW engineers estimated the engine produced around 1,400 hp at maximum boost, however the BMW engine dynamometer could not go beyond 1,280 bhp. As BMW M12/7, the engine design since the 1960s became one of the most successful in racing. Starting with the European Touring Car Championship , it was also used in Formula 2 , expanded to two-litre and fitted with four-valve heads, producing over 300 hp (224 kW). In

8245-439: The team planned to send out their cars with tanks only half full and softer, and therefore faster, tyres. A pit stop midway through the race was supposed to refuel the car and change tyres, giving the Brabham drivers the advantage to be able to lap quicker than everybody else and gain enough of a lead to win. On top of that, both drivers were now running the BMW-powered BT50 chassis. In qualifying, Rosberg surprised by taking only

8342-402: The team's primary sponsor USF&G , brokered a deal to continue the use of the upright BMW engines under the name of its subsidiary Megatron, Inc., founded by long-time F1 aficionado John J. Schmidt. The engines were serviced from Switzerland by Arrows' long time engine guru Heini Mader , a former mechanic of Jo Siffert . Rebadged as Megatron, the BMW engines were used by the Arrows team for

8439-624: The teams and the track owners, including obtaining full control over television rights for FOCA. Realising the growing influence of Ecclestone and FOCA, the sport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and its head, Paul Metternich , instated Frenchman Jean-Marie Balestre as the head of the Commission Sportive Internationale in 1978, which was then renamed to Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA). FIA delegated running of

8536-502: The time being. In the race itself, Arnoux led early on from pole position before spinning off, handing the lead to his Renault teammate Prost. The latter in turn built up a massive lead, but a light rain shower in the closing laps triggered a chaotic finish. Prost crashed out, handing the lead to Patrese, still running the Cosworth-powered Brabham BT49D. Patrese spun on the penultimate lap and stalled, allowing Pironi into

8633-569: The water tanks used by Brabham and Williams to be illegal. The case was taken to FISA in Paris, with no outcome until after the next race. The third race of the season took place at the street circuit in Long Beach . During Saturday's qualifying, Lauda did just one run of a few laps, setting a fast time that put him on top of the leaderboard. In the closing seconds of the session, de Cesaris bettered Lauda's time, clinching pole position for Alfa Romeo. De Cesaris had been ousted by McLaren for Lauda over

8730-468: The winter and was moved to tears by his accomplishment. De Cesaris led from the start, while Lauda was overtaken by Arnoux for second place. On lap six, Giacomelli, running fourth, tried to outbrake Lauda and in the process hit Arnoux, forcing both to retire. This allowed Villeneuve into third place, ahead of Watson. Pironi and Prost both retired after hitting the wall on laps seven and eleven respectively. On lap 15, Lauda took advantage of de Cesaris missing

8827-583: Was displeased by this and communicated with Pironi, head of the Grand Prix Drivers' Association (GPDA). They contacted other drivers and ultimately, six drivers refused to sign the document, those being Lauda, Pironi, Villeneuve, Arnoux, Bruno Giacomelli and Andrea de Cesaris . On the Wednesday between testing and the first practice session of the South African Grand Prix, during a meeting of

8924-482: Was lacking. Reigning World Champion Nelson Piquet recorded the first win for the engine in F1 when he led home Brabham teammate Riccardo Patrese (in the Cosworth-powered car) at the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix . In 1983 , Brazilian driver Piquet won his second Formula One World Championship driving a Brabham BT52 powered exclusively by the M12, which by that year was producing approximately 850 bhp (630 kW) in qualifying trim and 640 bhp (480 kW) for

9021-489: Was notable for its very skinny, short sidepods, especially compared to the Renault, giving it better penetration through the air on circuits with long straights. 1984 and 1985 , by contrast, were lean years for the M12. The engine was generally regarded as the most powerful in F1 at the time, producing approximately 1,100 hp (820 kW) in qualifying trim by 1985, and Piquet took nine pole positions in 1984 alone. However,

9118-642: Was putting enormous strain on the drivers, shaking them around in the cockpit. Additionally, the cornering speed and the resulting high g-forces put pressure on both the drivers and the cars' suspensions, making them prone to breaking. The cars would also move up and down on the road, in an effect called " porpoising ", making the cars very hard to control. These adverse effects were particularly impactful at bumpy circuits, such as Jacarepaguá , where Riccardo Patrese retired due to exhaustion. Other drivers reported dizziness and blurred vision. The potentially dangerous implications of "ground effect" were only worsened by

9215-552: Was restarted and won by Piquet in the BMW-powered Brabham ahead of teammate Patrese, still in the Cosworth-powered BT49D. It would be the last one-two finish for the Brabham team in their Formula One history. Watson finished third to consolidate his lead in the championship. After the Canadian round, Watson was on 30 points, ten ahead of Pironi, followed by Patrese on 19, Prost with 18 and Rosberg with 17 points. At

9312-639: Was run with just 14 cars present. The turbocharged Renaults and Ferraris were heavily favoured and Arnoux duly took pole position ahead of Prost, with Villeneuve and Pironi on the second row. Due to the fast nature of the Imola track , Ferrari team boss Mauro Forghieri told his drivers to save fuel. Arnoux led from the start while Prost lost two positions to the Ferrari drivers on the first lap. He eventually retired on lap seven. After some changes of position with Villeneuve and Pironi, Arnoux pulled away, but retired as well after 44 laps when his engine expired. This left only

9409-450: Was the 36th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It included two competitions run over the course of the year, the 33rd Formula One World Championship for Drivers and the 25th Formula One World Championship for Constructors . The season featured sixteen rounds between 23 January and 25 September. The Drivers' Championship was won by Keke Rosberg and the Constructors' Championship by Scuderia Ferrari . The Championship started with

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