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190-618: The Wildrose Party (legally Wildrose Political Association , formerly the Wildrose Alliance Political Association ) was a conservative provincial political party in Alberta , Canada . The party was formed by the merger in early 2008 of the Alberta Alliance Party and the unregistered Wildrose Party of Alberta . The wild rose is Alberta's provincial flower. It contested the 2008 provincial election under

380-476: A Progressive Conservative in the 1993 provincial election , defeating incumbent New Democrat Derek Fox in the riding of Vegreville-Viking . Stelmach became a member of the Deep Six , a group of enthusiastically fiscally conservative rookie MLAs; in addition to supporting Premier Ralph Klein 's aggressive deficit-cutting, Stelmach practiced fiscal restraint himself, incurring low office expenses and declining

570-510: A non-confidence vote after only nine months, and the Liberals again took power. After Pierre Trudeau 's retirement in 1984, his successor, John Turner , called a federal election, which was won in a landslide by the PCs under Brian Mulroney. Mulroney succeeded by uniting conservatives from Western Canada with those from Quebec . During his tenure, the government unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate

760-400: A preferential voting system to select a winner. Stelmach finished third on the first ballot with 15.3% of the vote, 3,329 votes ahead of fourth place Lyle Oberg and 10,647 votes behind second place Morton. However, the fourth, fifth, and sixth place candidates (Oberg, Dave Hancock , and Mark Norris ) all endorsed Stelmach for the second ballot. On this ballot, he finished in first place on

950-494: A "confidential lawsuit", for instance a future BC or Canadian government reversing a federal approval of the Northern Gateway pipeline. The move received criticism from many quarters, including the often supportive Financial Post and is the subject of a current lawsuit. In other respects, Conservative MPs have sometimes been sharply critical of China, particularly over human rights policies and especially treatment of

1140-736: A $ 10,000 donation from the Beaver Regional Waste Management Service's Commission, a landfill operator owned by five municipalities in Stelmach's riding. While asserting that the donation was legal, Stelmach admitted that it was "clearly unethical", blamed overzealous campaign volunteers for soliciting it, and returned it after the end of the campaign. In the wake of the leadership campaign, Stelmach, along with Oberg, Hancock, and Norris, organized two $ 5,000 per plate dinners in January 2007 to pay campaign debts. After critics argued that

1330-474: A $ 100,000 fine if they intend to cross the floor to another party. Former federal MP Brian Jean was elected Wildrose leader on March 28, 2015. Days later, Premier Jim Prentice called a provincial election for May 5, 2015 which resulted in an upset victory by the Alberta New Democratic Party under Rachel Notley , returning an NDP majority government. Despite its lack of preparedness, due to

1520-603: A Liberal-NDP coalition government filling the vacancies next year". The party introduced a bill in the parliament to have fixed dates for elections and, with the support of the Liberal Party, passed it. However, Ned Franks, a Canadian parliamentary expert, maintains that the Prime Minister still has the right to advise the Governor-General to dissolve the parliament early and drop the writs for an election . In 2006,

1710-555: A controversy developed between Edmonton mayor Stephen Mandel and Smith over the future of the city-centre airport . Smith argued that a vote on closure of the airport should be added to the October civic elections ballot . Alberta Liberal and NDP politicians also opposed the closure. For much of the run-up to the 2012 provincial election , it looked like the Wildrose would defeat the Tories in

1900-552: A deal with the Alberta Teachers Association (ATA) in which the province agreed to contribute $ 2.1 billion towards the $ 6.6 billion unfunded pension liability. This liability resulted from insufficient contributions to the teachers' pension plan during the period leading up to 1992. In exchange, the ATA agreed to a five-year contract extension. The deal was applauded by the opposition Liberals and New Democrats , but

2090-553: A fall in energy prices. In her April 2008 budget, Stelmach's Finance Minister Iris Evans forecast a $ 1.6 billion surplus for 2008–2009. By August, she had revised this prediction to $ 8.5 billion. The major reason for this change is an increase in oil prices: while she had estimated in April that they would average $ 78 per barrel over the fiscal year, by August increases—including a high of $ 147 per barrel in July—have led her to make

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2280-540: A feud with Calgary mayor Dave Bronconnier during his first year as premier as Bronconnier accused Stelmach of failing to keep a promise to the city regarding infrastructure spending during his first budget. Several Stelmach supporters suggested that the mayor, a Liberal , might be angling to take over as leader of the official opposition if Kevin Taft fumbled. During the by-election to fill Ralph Klein 's Calgary Elbow seat, P.C. candidate Brian Heninger went so far as to tell

2470-556: A government vehicle. During his first term, Stelmach served as Deputy Whip and, later, Chief Government Whip for the P.C. caucus. As a backbencher , he sponsored the Lloydminster Hospital Act Repeal Act . This was a government bill that dissolved the then-existing Lloydminster hospital board in preparation for an arrangement compliant with both the Alberta government's new system of regional health authorities and

2660-535: A judgeship, a 2009 by-election elected outgoing Wildrose Alliance Party (WRA) leader Paul Hinman to replace him. Hinman had been the WRA's only MLA until he lost his Cardston-Taber-Warner to Progressive Conservative Broyce Jacobs in the 2008 election. Shortly after Hinman's election, polls showed that the Wildrose Alliance, under new leader Danielle Smith , was the second most popular party province-wide, and led

2850-454: A landslide. Polling immediately before the election suggested that the gap had narrowed somewhat, but that the Wildrose was still poised to end the PCs' 41-year tenure in government. In the general election, however, the Wildrose took 17 seats out of 87, well behind the Tories. This was mainly because its support was confined to rural areas. The Wildrose only won two seats in Calgary (while losing

3040-733: A large base of its support toward the end of the Mulroney era. Brian Mulroney's failed attempts to reform the Canadian Constitution with the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords, and the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax lost him most of his support. Following Mulroney's resignation in 1993 and Kim Campbell 's brief tenure, the Conservatives were reduced to only two seats in Parliament in

3230-464: A large cheque to a local seniors centre. Stelmach said that he had only stepped in to help the riding after its MLA, Nicholas Taylor , had been appointed to the Senate . After the 1997 provincial election , Klein appointed Stelmach Minister of Agriculture, Food, and Rural development. While he held this office, his department encouraged the establishment of feedlots . The opposition parties charged that

3420-531: A large power vacuum in the Conservative Party, leading to the short tenure of John Abbott , who was the Protestant compromise choice. Abbott's government collapsed when his cabinet walked out on him, forcing him to resign and allowing for the selection of the first Catholic prime minister of Canada, John Sparrow Thompson . At just 45, he was expected to become the successor to Macdonald's legacy, but after only

3610-562: A leadership review. On November 2, 2014, after Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre MLA Joe Anglin left the Wildrose caucus to sit as an independent due to the party's "turmoil" and after making criticisms of Smith's leadership team internally., the remaining members of caucus unanimously pass a resolution asking Smith to withdraw her request for a leadership review; Smith agreed. At the party's Annual General Meeting on November 15, 2014, Smith pledged to resign as Wildrose leader if

3800-422: A new alternative. I think we have an opportunity to catch one of those historic waves. Smith and Dyrholm both attempted to capitalize on the party's election win, proclaiming that Albertans wanted change and that each of them would lead the Wildrose Alliance to a victory in the next general election. The party experienced a considerable growth heading into the leadership election, announcing it had 11,670 members at

3990-520: A new estimate of a $ 119.25 per barrel average. By November, prices had fallen to $ 55 per barrel, and Evans estimated a $ 2 billion surplus. By February 2009, the government of Alberta appeared poised to run a $ 1 billion deficit. In April 2009, Evans released her budget for 2009–2010, in which she anticipated a $ 4.6 billion deficit. This is the largest deficit in Alberta's history, and its first in sixteen years. The government's fiscal plan includes deficits until 2012–2013, when it again anticipates

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4180-453: A number of initiatives, including cuts to education, welfare and Medicare , privatization of government services and health care, the sale of provincial highways and the forced amalgamation of municipalities. Provincial income taxes were also cut by 30% and corporate tax rates were nearly cut in half during the Harris mandate. Most Blue Tories are at least somewhat ideologically aligned close to

4370-445: A party to regroup was to accept the consequences of responsible government. They abandoned the idea of being the governor's party and embraced mass politics. At the same time the coalition that had won responsible government began to break up in the 1850s. This presented an opening for more moderate conservatives such as John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier to claim the political centre. Their coalition dominated politics in

4560-609: A party with a strong tinge of Social Conservatism . Permanent party leaders in bold . The entire caucus crossed the floor to the United Conservative Party in 2017. According to polls in 2010, the party had the support of a quarter of the electorate as the party further attempted to define itself as not just a protest party but a party capable of forming government. By July 2011, the Wildrose's support had fallen to 16 percent, while PC support had risen to 51 percent. Conversely, one March 2012 poll reported that Wildrose had

4750-426: A renewed focus on the values and principles that we share." The action followed several days of rumours and a PC caucus meeting in which that party agreed to accept the Wildrose members. Smith said that several conversations with Prentice revealed that they shared much common ground, particularly on fiscal issues. Ultimately, she concluded that it made little sense for her to continue in opposition. "If you’re going to be

4940-408: A reputation as a low-key politician who avoided the limelight. When Klein resigned the party's leadership in 2006, Stelmach was among the first to present his candidature to replace him. After a third-place finish on the first ballot of the leadership race , he won an upset second ballot victory over former provincial treasurer Jim Dinning . Stelmach's premiership was heavily focused on management of

5130-507: A request which the party executive rejected. This development angered many party members and provoked widespread controversy. Wildrose has stated that "At no time has the Wildrose Party been approached by any representative of the PCAA regarding a merger, combination, partnership or alliance. Yesterday’s events are confined to nine former Wildrose MLAs who opted to cross the floor without consulting

5320-642: A result of the investigation. In spring 2009, Stelmach's government announced its intention to overhaul the Alberta Human Rights, Citizenship, and Multiculturalism Act . In 1998's Vriend v. Alberta , the Supreme Court of Canada had found that the legislation's failure to include sexual orientation among the grounds on which discrimination was prohibited violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and had "read in" this protection. However,

5510-455: A review, and Klein suggested that Stelmach should resign if he received less than 70%. The question was whether party leaders would blame Stelmach for the party's decline and look for new leadership in the face of Stelmach's own weakening poll numbers. Instead, Stelmach met the criterion set up by his critics and won 77.4% support, a strong endorsement. On January 25, 2011, Stelmach announced that he would not seek re-election; he also promised

5700-585: A special program was reiterated by a Conservative Party spokeswoman after the first such conscientious objector (Robin Long) had been deported and sentenced to 15 months in jail. (See Canada and Iraq War resisters for details about two motions in Parliament concerning Canada and Iraq War resisters.) Consistent in all recent Canadian governments is strong ties to China . In 2013, the Conservative administration approved

5890-586: A surplus. Stelmach's approach to this deteriorating fiscal situation, part of a global recession , was to invest heavily in infrastructure in an effort to stimulate the economy and take advantage of low construction costs. He went as far as to advocate borrowing for capital construction, a departure from the Klein government's notoriously anti-debt approach. However, his government was also one of only two in Canada (the other being Saskatchewan 's) to cut overall spending in

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6080-469: A total of more than $ 160,000. Party rules did not require any disclosure, and the disclosures by candidates varied—Norris named all of his donors, while Morton did not reveal any. Stelmach's partial disclosure was deemed insufficient by opposition leaders and Democracy Watch , whose head suggested that Albertans should assume that Stelmach's anonymous donors placed him in a conflict of interest until he proved otherwise. Stelmach also acknowledged receiving

6270-516: A traditional pre-industrial standard of morality – which has never been as evident in American conservatism. Red Toryism derives largely from a classical conservative tradition that maintained that the unequal division of wealth and political privilege among social classes can be justified if members of the privileged class practiced noblesse oblige and contributed to the common good. Red Tories supported traditional institutions such as religion and

6460-438: A united right-of-centre alliance. On March 20, 2017, Jean met with Kenney to begin unity discussions. On May 18, 2017, Jean and Kenney announced that their two parties had come to a merger agreement pending the outcome of votes to be held by the membership of both parties on July 22, 2017. The merger proposal required the approval of 50%+1 of Progressive Conservative members and 75% of Wildrose members in order to be ratified. Of

6650-406: A voter he'd like to choke his party's leader (Stelmach told media that this was the sort of enthusiasm he wanted from his MLAs). Heninger was defeated by Liberal Craig Cheffins and, in the 2008 election , Calgary was the only area of the province in which Stelmach lost seats on his way to an increased majority. After Deputy Premier Ron Stevens resigned his Calgary-Glenmore seat to accept

6840-490: A year in office he died from a stroke. Two more short-serving Conservatives, Mackenzie Bowell and Charles Tupper , served out the end of the Conservative government, until the election in 1896 when the coalition of French and English Canadians fell apart and Sir Wilfrid Laurier became the second Liberal prime minister of Canada. The Liberals would dominate for the next fourteen years until the emergence of Robert Borden . Robert Borden's Conservative government led Canada into

7030-577: Is an adherent of a centre-right or paternalistic-conservative political philosophy derived from the Tory tradition, predominantly in Canada, but also in the United Kingdom. This philosophy tends to favour communitarian social policies, while maintaining a degree of fiscal discipline and a respect of social and political order. It is contrasted with " Blue Tory " or " High Tory ". Some Red Tories view themselves as small-c conservatives . In Canada, Red Toryism

7220-468: Is found in provincial and federal Conservative political parties. The history of Red Toryism marks differences in the development of the political cultures of Canada and the United States . Canadian conservatism and American conservatism have been different from each other in fundamental ways, including their stances on social issues and the role of government in society. The adjective "red" refers to

7410-491: Is represented mainly by the Libertarian Party of Canada , People's Party of Canada , and other small provincial parties. These parties have never been successful in having members elected. While social conservatism exists throughout Canada, it is not as pronounced as it is in some other countries, such as the United States . It represents conservative positions on issues of culture, family, sexuality and morality. Despite

7600-473: The Red Deer Advocate for publishing a letter to the editor entitled "Homosexual agenda wicked". The changes that were eventually tabled included the enshrining of sexual orientation as protected grounds but not the removal of the section dealing with "exposing to contempt." This omission was criticized, Levant said that it made him "deeply embarrassed as a conservative," but Stelmach said that his caucus

7790-579: The 1921 election the Conservatives were relegated to third place, at the expense of the new Progressive movement based mostly in the Prairie West (see Western alienation ). Once the Progressive movement had largely been subsumed into the Liberal Party of Canada , the Conservatives were once again in opposition, until the election of 1930, under the leadership of R. B. Bennett. But in the 1935 election

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7980-586: The 1993 federal election . The Liberal Party was elected with a strong majority and the Reform Party gradually replaced the Tories as the major right-wing party in Canada. The Reform Party under Preston Manning would become the Official Opposition from 1997 to 2000. Throughout the 1990s, many social conservatives and Blue Tories in the PC Party began to drift slowly to the Reform Party and then in droves to

8170-519: The 1993 provincial election , Stelmach was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Vegreville-Viking (later Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville ). A Progressive Conservative , he served in the cabinets of Ralph Klein —at various times holding the portfolios of Intergovernmental Relations, Transportation, Infrastructure, and Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development—where he developed

8360-431: The 2008 election , Stelmach's government announced a five-year royalty break worth $ 237 million per year to encourage development that it feared would have become uneconomical under the new plan. He was less decisive in increasing in-province bitumen upgrading; in 2008 he conceded that Alberta would continue upgrading between sixty and sixty-five percent of the bitumen it produced for the foreseeable future, rather than

8550-494: The 2008 election , however, the comparisons largely ceased. In late 2009, the Conservatives' plunging popularity at the polls and the surge in support for the right-wing Wildrose Alliance led to speculation that Stelmach would receive lukewarm support at his mandatory leadership review , to be held at the November 2009 Progressive Conservative convention. Klein's resignation came in the wake of his receiving only 55% support at such

8740-469: The Alberta College of Physicians and Surgeons called the plan unfeasible, Health Minister Dave Hancock clarified that most of the increase would in fact come from the immigration of foreign doctors to Alberta, rather than from in-province training. Following the election, Stelmach's new Minister of Health, Ron Liepert , released the government's new health plan. In it, Liepert refused to characterize

8930-523: The Alberta Royalty Review panel to make recommendations on the province's royalty regime; opposition politicians had accused the government of undercharging substantially. Stelmach rejected many of the panel's recommendations, and claimed to increase royalty rates by approximately 20% (25% less than recommended by the panel), however instead of an increase in royalties on oil and gas, Alberta collected $ 13.5 billion less from 2009 to 2014. Just after

9120-585: The American Revolutionary War with traditionalist conservative views alongside pro-market liberalism ideals, is the reason that Canadian conservatives generally prefer the Westminster system of government. Originally, Canadian conservatism tended to be traditionalist . Conservative governments in Canada, such as those of John A. Macdonald , Robert Borden , R. B. Bennett , and John Diefenbaker , were known for supporting an active role for

9310-524: The Bloc Québécois or the Reform Party were the Official Opposition. After the 1997 federal election some members of the Reform Party tried to end the vote splitting by merging the two parties. A new party was formed, called the Canadian Alliance, and Stockwell Day was elected its leader. However, many PCs resisted the move, suspecting that Reform Party ideology would dominate the new party, and

9500-482: The Canada Health Act requires the federal government to financially penalize provinces that do not support all "medically necessary" procedures, Liepert maintained that the de-listed services were not "medically necessary" from the perspective of the act, and said that he anticipated no trouble from the federal government. During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic , Stelmach initially announced that the government would make

9690-481: The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation , "about half" of the 83 returning officers in the 2008 election had ties to the P.C. Party; the returning officer in Stelmach's Fort Saskatchewan–Vegreville riding had donated between $ 500 and $ 1,000 to Stelmach's leadership campaign. Alberta Chief Returning Officer Lorne Gibson, as one of his 182 post-election recommendations to the government, suggested that

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9880-597: The Conservative Party of Canada . This party was the dominant political force in Canadian politics from 1867 to 1935. Thereafter, the party (renamed the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in 1945) spent more time in opposition than in government. During the twentieth century rival " small-c conservative " movements appeared, most notably the federal Social Credit and Reform parties. Conservatism

10070-613: The Falun Gong . These positions are not materially different than those of other parties. Prior to winning election, Stephen Harper openly favoured the alternative vote method of selecting both MPs and Senators. As the successor of the Western Canada-based Canadian Alliance (formerly the Reform Party of Canada), the party supported reform of the Senate to make it "elected, equal, and effective" (the " Triple-E Senate "). However, party leader Stephen Harper advised

10260-672: The Governor General to appoint the unelected Michael Fortier to both the Senate and to the Cabinet on 6 February 2006, the day his minority government took office. On 22 December 2008, Prime Minister Harper asked the Governor General to fill all eighteen Senate seats that had been vacant at the time. It was earlier reported in The Toronto Star that this action was "to kill any chance of

10450-525: The Land Assembly Project Area Act , designed to make it easier for the government to acquire large blocks of land for public purposes such as ring roads or reservoirs . The act allowed the government to identify land that it may be interested in expropriating at some point in the future and to indefinitely prohibit any development on that land that could conflict with the government's purposes. Despite vigorous opposition from landowners and

10640-470: The Late-2000s recession , Stelmach announced that his caucus would decline an automatic 4.9% cost of living pay increase. The following week, the legislature's all-party Standing Committee on Member Services extended this to all MLAs by voting unanimously to freeze MLA salaries for the fiscal year. Stelmach's policy on health care was highlighted by his removal of the province's health care premiums effective

10830-503: The MV Sun Sea incident . These changes cleared an immigration backlog that had persisted for many years under the previous Liberal government, reducing the processing time from over 1000 days to less than two months. All 110 Conservative Party MPs voted against an opposition motion concerning conscientious objectors and the introduction of programs to allow objectors to seek refuge in Canada. On 13 September 2008, this refusal to set up

11020-465: The Montreal and Toronto commercial elite who took positions of influence within the Progressive Conservative Party. Since the mid-1970s, they have been heavily influenced by the libertarian movement and the more individualist nature of American conservatism . Blue Tories tend to favour libertarian policies such as devolution of federal power to the provincial governments, a reduced role for government in

11210-545: The P.C. leadership election (Klein had required that ministers intending to campaign to succeed him resign from cabinet). As minister, Stelmach kept a low profile. Mark Lisac, who was the Edmonton Journal 's provincial affairs columnist during much of Stelmach's time in cabinet, later recalled that Stelmach "never did anything that was flashy or controversial in any way" and that "not a thing" stood out about Stelmach's ministerial service. This low-key style earned Stelmach

11400-591: The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada . While the PCs and Reform had some similar economic policies, Reformers wanted deeper cuts to government services than the PCs and Reformers had strong social conservative stances whereas the PCs were more neutral on controversial social issues. The PCs faced an unprecedented collapse in the 1993 federal election and Reform surpassed the PCs as the largest conservative party in Canada's parliament. After several elections of neither party making significant gains,

11590-604: The Saskatchewan government's system. Lloydminster sits on the border of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and the hospital, although built and operated by the Alberta government, sits on the Saskatchewan side. It passed the legislature with little debate. In 1996, shortly before an April by-election in Redwater , Stelmach was accused of " pork barrel politics" for presenting, along with colleague Peter Trynchy and P.C. candidate Ross Quinn,

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11780-528: The United Province of Canada , and when joined by liberal George Brown , provided the broad support necessary to negotiate Confederation with the Maritime Provinces . The MacDonald-Cartier coalition's prestige was only strengthened by the creation of the new Canadian Confederation in 1867. Their coalition dominated the early politics of the new state. Their "National Policy" of high tariffs against

11970-458: The University of Alberta , intending to become a lawyer. He continued there, working as an assistant manager at Woodward's , until 1973, when his oldest brother, Victor, died. While his family had intended for Victor to take over the farm that his grandparents had settled 75 years before, Stelmach dropped out of university, returned home, and bought the land from his parents. He continues to farm

12160-631: The state of Israel and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . Harper also took aggressive action against perceived sponsors of terrorism such as Iran, closing the Canadian embassy and expelling the Iranian diplomats in 2012. In 2012, the Conservative government introduced reforms to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act which limited refugee claims from those on a list of designated countries of origin, those considered safe by Canada for most persons. Other changes allowed for detention of mass arrivals, following

12350-417: The vaccine available to all Albertans, though vaccine shortages resulted in a limited number of clinics, which experienced long lineups. In response, Liberal leader David Swann accused the government of managing limited vaccine supplies poorly by not giving priority to the most vulnerable groups. Liepert defended the government's record by saying that high risk populations had been given priority, but that

12540-526: The "sharpest thorn in Harper's side". Major media commentators often use Page's reports as a starting point for general criticisms of Harper's budgetary and transparency practices, including comedic rants. Ed Stelmach Edward Michael Stelmach ECA AOE ( / ˈ s t ɛ l m æ k / ; born May 11, 1951) is a Canadian politician who served as the 13th premier of Alberta , from 2006 to 2011. The grandson of Ukrainian immigrants, Stelmach

12730-414: The 2009–2010 budget. This approach drew the ire of Liberal leader David Swann , who supported increased government spending for economic stimulus purposes, but drew support from some economists and was defended by Evans on the basis that capital spending was at twice the per capital level of the Canadian average. During his first year in office, Stelmach and his education minister Ron Liepert concluded

12920-444: The 42,617 Wildrose members eligible to vote on July 22, 2017, there was a 57 per cent turnout with 23,466 voters (95%) in favour of the agreement and 1,132 (5%) against, clearing the 75% threshold required by the party's constitution. The Progressive Conservative membership also approved the agreement by a margin of 95% to 5%. With a turnout of 55% of eligible members, 25,692 PC members voted yes and 1,344 voted no with 24 spoiled ballots;

13110-481: The Alliance had the support of 22 percent of respondents. By early November, the party had improved to 28 percent according to an Environics poll, firmly in second place and six points behind the Conservatives. By December, they topped the Tories, leading with 39 percent support according to an Angus Reid poll, while the Conservatives had fallen into a second place tie with the Liberals at 25 percent. The party revealed at

13300-646: The Canadian Alliance dominated the opposition benches. Support for both the Reform Party and the Progressive Conservatives was negligible in Quebec until the 2006 federal election , where the renewed Conservative party won 10 seats in Quebec. In the west, the Reform Party took most of the PC Party's former seats, but held much more socially or economically conservative views than the old party on most subjects (regarding, for example, homosexuality, religion in public life, gun control , and government intervention in

13490-441: The Conservatives 34 percent to 30 percent in Calgary. Critics at first compared Stelmach to Harry Strom , the last Social Credit premier of the province. Strom was regarded as honest but ineffective and lacking charisma; he survived only long enough as Premier to lose the 1971 election soundly. Thus ended the last long one-party rule, and observers asked if history would repeat with Stelmach. After Stelmach's landslide win in

13680-538: The Conservatives campaigned strongly against Liberal abuses in the Sponsorship scandal and vowed to introduce several accountability measures that would hold even a majority government to account. These included a Parliamentary Budget Office whose first head Kevin Page found himself often sharply at odds with Harper government policy and issued several reports scathing of Conservative practices, even sometimes being described as

13870-399: The Conservatives were handed a major defeat by the Liberals, with a new right-wing party, Social Credit, placing a close third, again on the strength of Western alienation . Throughout most of the last century, the Progressive Conservative Party (often abbreviated PC ) dominated conservative politics at the federal level and in most provinces. Canada had many conservative Prime Ministers in

14060-534: The First World War, with the Laurier-led Liberal in opposition. The government wanted to introduce conscription , and sought a coalition to pursue this policy. Most English-speaking Liberals joined the Tories to form a coalition called "Unionist" with the mostly-French speaking Liberal rump in opposition. After the war this coalition, now led by Arthur Meighen could not govern with a stable majority. In

14250-598: The June convention. The party viewed the leadership campaign with optimism, announcing that its membership was growing rapidly as Albertans grew increasingly frustrated with the Stelmach government's performance. Growing opposition to the government's oil and gas royalty program, a record $ 4.7 billion deficit in 2009, and the PC's "liberal spending" facilitated the growth of the party. The party began to attract former Reform Party of Canada supporters along with high-profile former members of

14440-459: The Legislature, and the conclusion of a major labour agreement with Alberta's teachers. His government also attracted controversy for awarding itself a 30% pay increase shortly after its re-election, and featured strained relations with Calgary , one of Klein's former strongholds. Despite this, Stelmach increased the Progressive Conservatives' already substantial majority in the 2008 election . With

14630-652: The Livestock Patrons' Assurance Fund, designed to protect cattle producers from payment defaults by livestock dealers, in favour of leaving the Fund entirely in the hands of the industry. It too was supported by the Liberals, with Nicol calling it "very easy for us to accept" . In 1998, Stelmach sponsored the Agriculture Statutes (Penalties) Amendment Act , which overhauled the penalty system for violation of various agricultural statutes, setting maximum fines and leaving

14820-481: The March 2009 edition of National Geographic Magazine contained a 20-page article portraying Alberta's oil sands operations as being highly environmentally damaging —in 2009 Stelmach's government spent $ 25 million on a rebranding campaign for the province. Among other things, it replaced the "Alberta Advantage" slogan that had long been in use with "Alberta: Freedom to create. Spirit to achieve." The campaign became

15010-439: The PC Party and Wildrose Party maintained a nominal existence and ran one candidate each in the 2019 election in order to prevent forfeiture of their assets. The UCP government later passed legislation allowing parties to merge, clearing the way for the Wildrose to formally dissolve on February 7, 2020. The Alberta Alliance Party voted to change its registered name on January 19, 2008, to the Wildrose Alliance after it merged with

15200-443: The PC Party with the Alliance. Later on that year, the Progressive Conservative Party, which dated back to 1854 (though existing under many different names), merged with the Canadian Alliance. 96% of the Alliance's membership and 92% of the PC Party's riding representatives approved the merger. The contemporary Conservative Party of Canada was then created, and, in 2004, Stephen Harper was elected leader. Dissident Red Tories opposed to

15390-500: The PC and Wildrose parties did not formally dissolve upon creation of the new UCP. As a result, when the UCP came into existence on July 24, 2017; the UCP's interim leadership team formally assumed the leaderships of the PC and Wildrose parties as well. In that role, they withdrew both organizations from any meaningful public presence, thus effectively dissolving them although they continued to exist on paper. In order to give de facto effect to

15580-409: The PC leadership and called four by-elections to get his new cabinet, which included former Edmonton Mayor Stephen Mandel, seats in the Legislature. The Wildrose was expected to win two out of the four seats; however the PCs retained all four. The by-elections were seen as a test of both the PC Party under its new leader and Wildrose. As a result of the by-election losses, Smith asked the party to conduct

15770-464: The PC party's standings, Peter MacKay was chosen in a leadership contest to replace him. MacKay immediately created controversy within the party by entering into negotiations with Canadian Alliance leader Stephen Harper to merge the two parties. MacKay had been elected on a third ballot of the party's leadership convention as a result of an agreement that he signed with another leadership contestant, David Orchard , in which he promised never to merge

15960-488: The Reform Party's direct successor, the Canadian Alliance. This left the PC Party under the control of the moderate Red Tory faction. Despite taking what they believed to be more popular socially progressive approaches on certain issues, the PCs significantly fell in the popular vote from the 1997 to 2000 federal elections and were not able to greatly increase their representation in the House of Commons. The Reform Party and then

16150-496: The US and UK. With the rise in inflation and a large budgetary deficit in Canada from the Trudeau government, emphasis was put on "shrinking the size of government" (in part, through privatization), pursuing continental trade arrangements ( free trade , creating tax incentives and cutting "government waste"). Joe Clark became Prime Minister with a minority government in 1979, but lost to

16340-578: The United States during the American Revolution and War of Independence. They were wary of emulating the US's "mob rule" and preferred a strong role for traditional elites such as landowners and Christianity in politics. Many were Anglicans who supported keeping the Anglican Church of Canada as Canada's established church . In each colony, Tories contested elections as the personal party of

16530-405: The United States, and Crown Corporations such as Teleglobe , Petro-Canada and Air Canada (some created by previous Conservative governments) were sold to both domestic and foreign private buyers (privatized). However, due to the failure of the Mulroney government to balance the budget and service debt, the federal debt continued to rise. It was not until the end of Mulroney's administration and

16720-484: The United States, and intense railway building , became the basis of a political dynasty that dominated Canadian politics from Confederation until Macdonald's death in office in 1891. The greatest strain in this coalition came during the Riel rebellions of 1869 and 1885 , which inflamed French-English and Protestant-Catholic tensions in the country. After Macdonald's death, the coalition faltered. The death of Macdonald left

16910-542: The Wildrose Alliance banner, and was able to capture seven percent of the popular vote but failed to hold its single seat in the Legislative Assembly . Support for the party rose sharply in 2009 as voters grew increasingly frustrated with the Progressive Conservative (PC) government, resulting in a surprise win by outgoing leader Paul Hinman in an October by-election . In the fall of 2009 Danielle Smith

17100-527: The Wildrose Party past the New Democrats to become the third largest party in the Legislature, Guy Boutilier joined the Wildrose Alliance on June 24, 2010. The fourth Wildrose MLA, Boutilier took the party over the threshold for recognition as an official party in the Assembly. He was unveiled at the party's annual conference, which was attended by 700 people: up from 175 the previous year. In late July 2010,

17290-480: The Wildrose Party." The defections placed Wildrose in a tie with the Liberals for the second most seats but the Speaker ruled that Wildrose would continue as the Official Opposition based on prior precedent. Official Opposition status comes with additional funding and privileges. In the wake of the mass floor crossing, new leader Brian Jean stated that each candidate must sign a contract, under which they would need to pay

17480-450: The acquisition of Nexen by a Chinese firm. It also advanced, as of 2013, FIPA agreement, containing guarantees that Chinese buyer would have the legal right to sue Canada in private settlement of inhibition to its activities by that government (including provincial or municipal for whom the federal government would be liable). The actual extent or limit of these powers would not be publicly known and settlements would be private, in effect

17670-409: The advent of the late-2000s recession , Stelmach had to cope with a deteriorating economic situation and the Alberta government's first budget deficit in 16 years. Stelmach was succeeded as Premier by Alison Redford on October 7, 2011. He joined the board of Covenant Health a year later, and has been its chair since January 2016. Edward Michael Stelmach was born on a farm near Lamont, Alberta ,

17860-494: The appointment of returning officers be handled by his own, non-partisan, office. He had previously made this suggestion in 2006, but the government had not acted on it. He also recommended following the election that his office, rather than the government's Justice department, be responsible for prosecuting election-related offenses; the latter did not lay charges in any of 19 alleged campaign finance violations Gibson brought to its attention. In February 2009, Gibson appeared before

18050-563: The ballot in Edmonton-Strathcona , the district held by incumbent Premier Notley and considered among the NDP's safest seats. The newly elected UCP government passed legislation allowing parties to merge during the Fall 2019 legislative session. On February 7, 2020, the merger was formally approved by Elections Alberta, allowing the party to officially merge with the PCs and dissolve. Election reform

18240-545: The beginning of Jean Chrétien 's Liberal government that the government's program of spending finally halted the growth in the federal debt. The government's willingness to affirm Quebec's demands for recognition as a distinct society was seen as a betrayal by many westerners as well as angering Canadian Nationalists mostly from Ontario . The Reform Party of Canada was founded on a strongly right-wing populist conservative platform as an alternative voice for these western conservatives. The Progressive Conservative Party lost

18430-450: The beginning of October, compared to 1,800 in June. Smith was elected the new leader at the convention held in Edmonton on October 17. Upon her election, Smith sought to continue the party's growth, focusing her efforts on fundraising and a search for strong candidates. The Wildrose Alliance's growth was evident in the polls. Shortly before Smith's election, a Return on Insight poll found that

18620-481: The caucus defections and having to organize an election campaign on the heels of a leadership election, Wildrose was able to rally and win 21 seats, 16 more than the five seats it had at the dissolution of the legislature, and four more than it had won in 2012, allowing the party to remain the Official Opposition. Prentice's Progressive Conservatives, however, collapsed and lost 60 of the 70 seats it had at dissolution, returning only 10 MLAs, finding itself out of power for

18810-399: The caucus to sit as an Independent MLA stating that he had found out he was out to be expelled due to his public criticisms of Smith's advisers. Anglin had previously lost his bid to be renominated in his riding as Wildrose's candidate for the next provincial election . On November 24, 2014 Kerry Towle , ( Innisfail-Sylvan Lake ), and Ian Donovan , ( Little Bow ) crossed the floor to join

19000-626: The conservatives in Eastern and Western Canada because Western conservatives perceived Canada's federal parliament as being dominated by Eastern interests. This Western alienation led to the creation of the Reform Party of Canada as a Western-based populist protest party promoting constitutional reform to balance the regions' interests and sought to expand into the East—especially in Ontario—to displace

19190-554: The construction of a major power line in the Rimbey area. Stelmach initially downplayed the incident, but ordered a judicial investigation once the province's Information and Privacy Commissioner initiated an investigation of his own. This investigation found that the EUB had violated provincial law and infringed on the landowners' privacy, while the judicial investigation criticized the EUB's tactics as "repulsive". The opposition parties called for

19380-436: The continuation of old political institutions and the preservation of strong ties to the monarchy . In the latter half of the 20th-century, Canadian conservatism embraced neoliberal economic policies which included free trade, the seeking of balanced budgets, and the support of the privatizations of Crown Corporations which were claimed to be better provided for by the private sector. During this time, division arose between

19570-488: The creation of an Alberta Pension Plan, and a reworking of the controversial changes the PC government made to the oil and gas royalty regime. An anticipated backlash against the governing PCs failed to materialize, as Premier Ed Stelmach extended his party's seat total to 72 from 60. While the Alliance finished second in eight ridings across the province, they failed to win any seats as Hinman lost his Cardston-Taber-Warner riding by just 39 votes. Running candidates in 61 of

19760-406: The dinners were essentially selling access to the premier and two senior ministers, Stelmach cancelled them. Stelmach was sworn in as Premier December 14, 2006. On February 4, 2008, immediately after Lieutenant Governor Norman Kwong read the throne speech to open the legislative session, Stelmach requested a dissolution of the legislature with an election to follow March 3 . Shortly before

19950-671: The dismissal of the entire EUB and Energy Minister Mel Knight ; Stelmach instead opted to appoint a new EUB chair. Stelmach's government also responded with legislation entitled the Alberta Utilities Commission Act (Bill 46), which would split the EUB into two parts: the Alberta Utilities Commission (responsible for regulating utilities) and the Energy Resources Conservation Board (responsible for regulating oil and gas). The legislation

20140-406: The dissolution of the legislature for the 2008 election , although it was initially promised to take effect by 2012. During this campaign, Stelmach promised to increase the capacity of Alberta universities to train doctors and nurses over four years, eventually resulting in the graduation of 225 more doctors, 350 more registered nurses , and 220 licensed practical nurses . After the registrar of

20330-552: The economic libertarian positions of the former Canadian Alliance ; as such, they supported the merger between the PCs and the Alliance to form the new federal Conservative Party of Canada (CPC). Some notable Blue Tories include many prominent federal and provincial Progressive Conservatives such as former PC Party Leader and Attorney General Peter MacKay , Conservative Party leadership contender and former Treasury Board President Tony Clement , former Premier of Ontario Mike Harris , and former CPC leader Andrew Scheer . A Red Tory

20520-452: The economically left-leaning nature of Red Toryism in comparison with Blue Toryism, since socialist and other leftist parties have traditionally used the colour red . The term reflects the broad ideological range traditionally found within conservatism in Canada. Historically, Canadian conservatism has been derived from the Tory tradition, with a distinctive concern for a balance between individual rights and collectivism, as mediated through

20710-568: The economy and would unfairly penalize the western provinces. Instead, he championed the development of carbon capture technology. In July 2008, Stelmach announced $ 2 billion worth of funding for carbon capture initiatives, for which he was applauded by industry groups. However, the Canadian Federation of Independent Business called it "a huge amount of money to spend on something that isn't proven", and Mike Hudema of Greenpeace suggesting that there were better environmental uses of

20900-402: The economy would find its own appropriate growth rate. He aggressively defended Alberta's oil at home and abroad, and called the idea that it was extracted at an unacceptably high environmental cost "a myth". When Liberal Party of Canada leader Stéphane Dion proposed a federal carbon tax to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases , Stelmach rejected the policy on the basis that it would hurt

21090-558: The economy). The PCs retained moderate support in the Atlantic Provinces , would manage to regain a few seats. They also retained scattered support across the country. The result was that neither new party managed to approach the success of the Progressive Conservatives prior to 1993. In many ridings the conservative vote was split , letting other parties win: the Liberal Party under Jean Chrétien won three successive majority governments starting in 1993. During this period, either

21280-471: The economy, reduction of taxation and similar mainstream market liberal ideals. The term Blue Tory does not refer to social conservatism . One example of a Blue Tory administration in Canada was the ' Common Sense Revolution ' provincial Progressive Conservative government of Ontario Premier Mike Harris . The Harris Tories were widely viewed as radical by Canadian standards in their economic policies and style of governance. Harris' government embarked on

21470-465: The election and gain the Wildrose Alliance its first seat in the legislature. The Tories, who had held the riding uninterrupted since 1969, fell to third place. Political observers argued the result was more a protest against the Stelmach government than firm support for the Alliance, though it gave the party momentum as it prepared to vote for a leader. Every 30 or 40 years, we get tired of the government that’s in power and we sweep them out and we look to

21660-402: The end of 2008. Critics had denounced the premiums as being regressive, both because they were the same amount regardless of the payer's income and because people with better-paying jobs often had their premiums covered by their employer. The opposition Liberal and New Democratic parties had long called for their removal. This elimination was announced in a throne speech immediately before

21850-433: The first count, fewer than five hundred votes ahead of Dinning. A majority of Morton's votes went to Stelmach on the second count, and he was elected leader. Stelmach raised more than $ 1.1 million for his leadership campaign. After his victory, he revealed the names of the donors of 85% of this money, but declined to release the names of eighty supporters, citing their requests for privacy. These supporters had donated

22040-503: The first time since 1971 and coming in third behind the NDP and Wildrose. Wildrose's popular vote fell by one-third, however, from 34% of the vote in 2012 to 24% in 2015. Former federal Conservative cabinet minister Jason Kenney became Progressive Conservative leader after winning that party's leadership election in early 2017. Kenney's platform called for uniting the Progressive Conservative and Wildrose parties to form

22230-530: The government in the economy and the creation of government-operated businesses (early Crown Corporations such as the Canadian National Railway ) to develop and protect Canadian industries, protectionist programs such as the National Policy . Canadian conservatism thus mirrored British Conservatism in its values and economic and political outlooks. Canadian conservatives have generally favored

22420-496: The government or lobbying it on behalf of third parties (up from six months). It also created a similar cooling-off period for senior bureaucrats, which lasted six months. However, an Order in Council passed by Stelmach's cabinet shortly before the 2008 election delayed the implementation of these rules until one month after the election, meaning that cabinet ministers who retired or lost their bids for re-election would be exempt from

22610-469: The government to delegate the inspection of branding to the cattle industry. The bill was the subject of considerable debate on second reading , but was ultimately supported by the Liberals on the third and final reading. In 1999, Klein shifted Stelmach to the new Infrastructure portfolio, where he made traffic safety a priority, increasing fines for traffic offenses, sometimes by as much as 700%. He also briefly aroused controversy by proposing reversing

22800-573: The government was not regulating these sufficiently, but Stelmach responded that municipalities had the authority necessary to effectively regulate them. On the Canadian Wheat Board controversy, Stelmach sided with farmers who wanted an end to the federal body's monopoly on grain sales in the western provinces. Legislatively, Stelmach sponsored five bills while in the Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development portfolio, all of which passed through

22990-513: The government's policy was to turn nobody away; he blamed many of the problems on the federal government's delivery to the province of fewer doses of the vaccine than promised. Further controversy erupted when it was revealed that hockey players on the Calgary Flames were vaccinated with vaccine received directly from Alberta Health Services, which prompted Stelmach to announce an investigation. Two Alberta Health Services employees were fired as

23180-485: The government's surplus was $ 4.6 billion. Both of these surpluses were higher than expected, and Stelmach's government followed a policy of placing one third of unanticipated surpluses into savings and two-thirds into construction projects. Critics, including Liberal MLA Laurie Blakeman and the Canadian Taxpayers Federation , charged that the government was not saving enough money in anticipation of

23370-408: The government. However, it increased its vote and seat totals and became the official opposition . In December 2014, nine Wildrose MLAs, including the leader, Danielle Smith, left the party to join the Progressive Conservative caucus under its recently elected leader, Jim Prentice . All of the defectors to the PCs who sought re-election in the 2015 general election lost their seats by losing either

23560-832: The governor to the elected assemblies. This new arrangement, called responsible government , mirrored earlier changes that had occurred in Britain. After the failure of radical liberalism during the Rebellions of 1837, a new set of moderate liberals, led by Robert Baldwin in Canada West , Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine in Canada East and Joseph Howe in Nova Scotia rose to prominence. They campaigned for and won responsible government by creating broad coalitions that took in liberals, moderates, and conservatives. The only way for conservatives as

23750-805: The governor. Business elites who surrounded the governor also hoped to gain patronage . In Upper Canada this was the Family Compact , in Lower Canada the Chateau Clique . Opposition to the rule of these oligarchies resulted in the Rebellions of 1837 . After the rebellions, Lord Durham (a Whig or liberal) issued his Report on the Affairs of British North America , a report to the British government that recommended that most powers in colonial governments be given from

23940-446: The grandson of immigrants from Zavyche , Ukraine. His grandparents settled near Andrew, Alberta in 1898, after bypassing Saskatchewan because they did not care for the terrain. His parents, Nancy (née Koroluk) and Michael N. Stelmach, had five children, of whom Edward was the youngest, ten years younger than his closest sibling. Stelmach was raised speaking Ukrainian , and did not learn English until he started attending school. He

24130-403: The higher number public for fear of jeopardizing its investigation of whether Syncrude had violated any provincial regulations in the incident. Investigations were centred around the questions of whether Syncrude had immediately reported the incident as required (the government had first heard of it from an anonymous tip, though Syncrude reported it several hours later) and whether the company had

24320-591: The history and ideology of conservatism, identified Canadian psychologist Jordan Peterson as the most significant conservative thinker to appear in the English-speaking world in a generation. While in Opposition, Stephen Harper voted in favour of Canadian military involvement in the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq; he later admitted this had been a mistake. Conservative Party member resolutions express strong support for

24510-469: The image, which showed two children running along a beach, by saying that "children, no matter where they are around the world, they are the next generation. And air quality, water quality, no matter where we live on this big globe, we're all responsible, and that's the message we're trying to portray." In June 2007, the government-mandated Alberta Energy and Utilities Board admitted that it had hired private investigators to spy on landowners who opposed

24700-418: The land today. As a teenager, he met Marie Warshawski at the wedding of a mutual friend. They married in 1973, and have three sons and a daughter. Stelmach entered politics in 1986 with his election to the council of Lamont County; one year later, he was appointed county reeve , a position he held until his entry into provincial politics in 1993. Stelmach ran for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta as

24890-643: The legislature by sitting it fewer days than any other province's legislature and for directing business through standing policy committees of the Progressive Conservative caucus. These committees met in private, unlike the legislature's all-party committees, which fell almost entirely out of use during the Klein years. In April 2007, Stelmach initiated the creation of four new legislative "policy field committees" which would include opposition representation. The same month, his government introduced new legislation on conflicts of interest , such that former cabinet ministers would have to wait one year before doing business with

25080-482: The legislature's all-party committee on legislative offices to answer questions about the conduct of the election; there, he echoed opposition claims that the government, and not his office, was to blame for most problems. Shortly after, the committee voted 8–3 against re-appointing him, with all Progressive Conservatives on the committee opposing his re-appointment and all opposition MLAs supporting it. Opposition leaders David Swann and Brian Mason suggested that Gibson

25270-418: The legislature. 1997's Meat Inspection Amendment Act required meat inspectors to acquire a search warrant before entering a private dwelling, but also allowed for fines to be voluntarily paid without requiring a court case. It was called by Liberal agriculture critic Ken Nicol "a really good bill". The Livestock and Livestock Products Amendment Act of the same year eliminated government guarantee of

25460-459: The merger would go on to form the minor Progressive Canadian Party . Under Stephen Harper, the platform of the Conservative Party emphasized the Blue Tory policies of fiscal restraint, increases in military spending, tax cuts and Senate Reform. The Harper-led Conservative Party has, however, come under fire, with many accusing them of adopting neoconservative policies. Yoram Hazony , a scholar on

25650-490: The merger, all Wildrose members in good standing as of July 24 became members of the UCP from that date, and all but a few Wildrose members formally withdrew their memberships in the Wildrose. Legally, the core leadership team of the UCP remained members of both the PC and Wildrose parties. To maintain their registration through the 2019 Alberta general election , both the PCs and Wildrose ran one paper candidate each in that election. Both of these nominal candidates appeared on

25840-489: The monarchy, and maintenance of the social order. This position was later manifest in their support for some aspects of the welfare state . This belief in a common good, as expanded on in Colin Campbell and William Christian 's Political Parties and Ideologies in Canada , is at the root of Red Toryism. Libertarianism as a political philosophy is not considered to be a primary force in Canadian conservatism. This philosophy

26030-458: The money available. Though Stelmach pledged not to do anything to curb the development of the oilsands, he did promise to review royalty rates—the rates paid by oil companies for the privilege of extracting Alberta's oil. He also committed to reducing the proportion of bitumen that left Alberta to be upgraded out of province, likening the export of bitumen to "scraping off the top soil " from farmland. Soon after becoming Premier, he commissioned

26220-494: The moniker "Steady Eddie", which would follow him to the Premier's office. Stelmach was the first candidate to declare his intention to run for the P.C. leadership, and picked up endorsements from nineteen members of his caucus (including cabinet ministers Pearl Calahasen and Iris Evans ). However, former provincial Treasurer Jim Dinning had twice as many caucus endorsements (despite not having held elected office since 1997) and

26410-476: The more efficient fluorescent bulbs . Opponents argued that the emphasis on personal responsibility by individuals did nothing to address the greater environmental damage caused by the development of the Athabasca Oil Sands . In late April 2008 hundreds of ducks landed in a northern Alberta tailings pond belonging to Syncrude , where most died. The incident was a blow to Stelmach's efforts to convince

26600-567: The new minister advocated the use of public-private partnerships to build ring roads around Edmonton and Calgary . He also introduced a program of graduated driver licensing and initiated a review of traffic safety programs. Stelmach was re-elected by his largest majority yet during the 2001 election , and retained the Transportation portfolio until 2004, when he was reassigned to the position of Minister of Intergovernmental Relations. He resigned this position in 2006 in order to contest

26790-441: The new party garnered only a little more support than its predecessor. Meanwhile, the PC Party re-elected Joe Clark as their leader and attempted to regain lost ground. Day's tenure was marked by a number of public gaffes and apparent publicity stunts, and he was widely portrayed as incompetent and ignorant. Several MPs left his party in 2002. In 2003, when former Prime Minister Joe Clark retired after being brought back to improve

26980-524: The new rules. Critics of Stelmach suggest that, as a farmer from the central part of the province, he is biased against Calgary and urban Alberta in general. They pointed to the fact that the city, which was considered the heartland of Jim Dinning 's support during the leadership race, had only three members ( Ron Liepert , Ron Stevens , and Greg Melchin ) in his first eighteen-member cabinet (Stelmach supporters pointed out that Edmonton had only one minister, Dave Hancock ). Stelmach also found himself in

27170-672: The nomination process in their riding or the general election to the Wildrose challenger. Effective February 3, 2015, the party's registered name was changed from Wildrose Alliance Party to Wildrose Party . On May 18, 2017, the leaders of the Wildrose and Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta announced a merger, which was ratified with 95% support of the membership of both parties in July 2017. The combined United Conservative Party held its inaugural leadership election on October 28, 2017. Due to previous legal restrictions that did not formally permit parties to merge or transfer their assets,

27360-424: The official Opposition leader," she said, "you have to really want to take down the government and really take down the premier. I don't want to take down this premier. I want this premier to succeed." This reduced the Wildrose caucus to five members. In her formal resignation letter to the Wildrose executive, Smith asked that all party members vote on a "reunification resolution" to merge the Wildrose and PC parties;

27550-443: The opposition parties, the bill passed the legislature in late April. Ralph Klein's major focus for much of his premiership had been the elimination of the provincial deficit , and the government ran a record $ 8.9 billion surplus during Stelmach's first year in office. Alberta was in the midst of a major economic expansion driven by high energy prices and major oilsands development. This growth continued into 2007–2008, when

27740-508: The optics of allowing the employees to depart for more money elsewhere soon after the government had approved a substantial pay hike for cabinet ministers were not good. As the province's fiscal situation worsened in late 2008, the government adapted its health policy. In December, Liepert announced a new seniors drug plan that made drugs free for seniors making less than $ 21,325 but required those making more to pay as much as $ 7,500 for their drugs. In response to protests from seniors, he amended

27930-649: The party did not win government in the next provincial election. Also at the AGM, members voted 148–109 against a resolution supporting equal rights for all minority groups, regardless of race, religious belief, sexual orientation or other differences. This vote reversed a party policy supported by Smith which had been adopted the previous year and signified a shift by the party towards social conservatism resulting in resignations by more moderate party members. On November 3, 2014, Joe Anglin ( Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre ) quit

28120-511: The party's constitution required a simple majority of its membership to approve the merger. The parties then began the process of merging into the United Conservative Party , with a leadership election to occur on October 28, 2017, and a founding convention to be held in 2018. The UCP formally came into existence on July 24, with former Wildrose MLA Nathan Cooper as interim leader. Because Alberta electoral law did not permit parties to formally merge (or even to transfer money among themselves),

28310-637: The party's win to its ability to present Stelmach as "a cautious, straightforward and hard-working man with a plan for Alberta's future" . The voter turnout in the election was 41%, the lowest in Alberta's history, and roughly a quarter of these had to swear an oath on election day after discovering they weren't on the voter's list. Opposition politicians and media blamed Stelmach's government for these problems, arguing that riding-level returning officers, who were nominated by Progressive Conservative constituency associations and who were responsible for voter enumeration, were not appointed early enough. According to

28500-429: The past, but the first to be elected under the Progressive Conservative banner was John Diefenbaker, who served from 1957 to 1963. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, with the rise of Conservative politicians in Canada such as Ralph Klein , Don Getty , Brian Mulroney , Preston Manning , Mike Harris and others, the objectives and values of Conservatives in Canada began to mimic those of fiscal conservatives in both

28690-635: The plan in April 2009 to reduce both the income level at which seniors would have to start paying and the amount which those seniors would have to pay. Liepert said that the plan, $ 10 million more expensive than the one he had announced in December, would see 60% of seniors pay less than they did under the status quo. The same month, Stelmach's government's budget revealed changes to which medical services it would cover: those de-listed included chiropractic services, at an annual savings of $ 53 million, and sex change operations, at an annual savings of $ 700,000. While

28880-528: The precise amount up to judges on a case-by-case basis. It also passed with Liberal support, as MLA Ed Gibbons said that it "really makes a lot of sense" . Another 1998 bill was the Marketing of Agricultural Products Amendment Act , which allowed provincial agricultural marketing boards to revise their marketing plans, and was supported by the opposition. Finally, Stelmach initiated the Agriculture Statutes (Livestock Identification) Amendment Act , which allowed

29070-422: The problems in the health care system as being the result of doctor shortages , and instead promised structural reforms. He indicated that these may include consolidating health authorities , closing rural hospitals, and de-listing some health services from coverage under the province's public health insurance scheme. In May, the government took the first step in implementing these structural reforms by combining

29260-532: The program implemented by Ralph Klein 's government to replace the previously existing pension program, departing MLAs receive three months' pay for every year they served, with the level of the pay based on their three highest-earning years. The increases were attacked by the Canadian Taxpayers Federation and the opposition parties, but Stelmach defended the raises as the first received by cabinet ministers in fifteen years and as being necessary to attract qualified people to politics. In early 2009, in response to

29450-515: The province delivers health care, which it claimed will remain compliant with the Canada Health Act , as well as controls on government spending. Smith was also critical of international climate change treaties, believing climate change science remains inconclusive. Smith stated that controversial social issues would not play a part in the party's election platform. In 2014, a Wildrose insider told Calgary Herald editorial page editor Licia Corbella that Smith had grown increasingly uncomfortable leading

29640-442: The province's 83 ridings, the Alliance took 6.8% of the vote, fourth behind the PCs, Liberals and New Democrats . Hinman announced on April 20, 2009, his intention to step down as leader. He remained the party's leader in an interim capacity until the leadership convention. Former Canadian Federation of Independent Business provincial director Danielle Smith and Mark Dyrholm, a chiropractor in Calgary, announced their candidacy at

29830-496: The province's nine health authorities into one health "superboard". In June 2008, three senior health officials announced that they would be leaving the province's employment at the expiration of their contracts in August. Liepert blamed their departures on better offers from other employers, although New Democrat leader Brian Mason speculated that the government's health restructuring may have been to blame. Detractors pointed out that

30020-471: The province's oil reserves, especially those of the Athabasca Oil Sands . He rejected calls from environmentalists to slow the pace of development in the Fort McMurray area, and similarly opposed calls for carbon taxes . Other policy initiatives included commencing an overhaul of the province's health governance system, amendments to the Alberta human rights code, a re-introduction of all-party committees to

30210-463: The provincial Progressive Conservatives, including former premier Ralph Klein 's father. Using the slogan "Send Ed a message" as a rallying cry, Paul Hinman sought to take advantage of public discontent as he ran in a September by-election in the Calgary-Glenmore riding. He surprised political observers by capturing 37 percent of the vote, narrowly defeating Liberal opponent Avalon Roberts to win

30400-599: The provincial level. Far-right politics have never been a prominent force in Canadian society. The first party which called itself "Conservative" in what would become Canada was elected in the Province of Canada election of 1854 . Canadian conservative ideology has its origins in British Toryism , but over time has been influenced by American conservatism . Stemming from the resettlement of United Empire Loyalists after

30590-526: The recent Conservative government having influential members who would be defined as social conservatives in its caucus, social conservatism is considered to have little influence on Canadian society and political policy. One of their notable wins was a 2014 neo-abolitionist law passed against prostitution, which banned buying services as well as third party involvement. The conservative movement in Canada evolved from relatively informal pre-Confederation political movements or parties, gradually coalescing into

30780-464: The required measures in place to prevent ducks from landing on its tailings ponds (it had noisemakers designed to deter waterfowl, but these had not been set up at the time of the incident due to winter weather conditions). Syncrude was eventually charged with "failing to have systems in place to divert waterfowl", which carries a maximum fine of $ 800,000. Partially in an effort to counter-act negative publicity from oil sands-related issues—for example,

30970-421: The right to remove their children from such classes. Stelmach called this a "very, very fundamental right" and suggested that it would allow parents to opt out of having their children learn about evolution , though his Education Minister Dave Hancock argued that the new wording didn't extend beyond current practice. Alberta Teachers' Association President Frank Bruseker expressed concern that this would make

31160-599: The ruling PC Party's caucus giving the turmoil within the Wildrose Party, uncertainty about Smith's leadership and confidence in Prentice as reasons for their move. On December 17, 2014, Smith confirmed she and eight other Wildrose members – Rob Anderson , Gary Bikman , Rod Fox , Jason Hale , Bruce McAllister , Blake Pedersen , Bruce Rowe and Jeff Wilson – would cross the floor to the Progressive Conservative caucus, with Smith saying "Under Premier Prentice’s strong leadership, I believe we can work together to lead Alberta with

31350-436: The same time that it had grown to over 13,000 members. Amidst this wave of popularity, Smith announced on January 4, 2010, that two former Conservative MLAs had crossed the floor . Rob Anderson and former cabinet minister Heather Forsyth announced that they had joined the Wildrose Alliance after growing frustrated with Ed Stelmach's leadership, accusing the Conservative government of being undemocratic. The defections moved

31540-554: The seventy-two percent target he had previously announced for 2016. This admission came in the wake of his government's approval of three new pipelines designed to export bitumen. In January 2008, Stelmach unveiled the province's "made in Alberta"—as distinct from imposed by the federal government or by international treaty—plan to cut carbon emissions in order to fight global warming . The plan called for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 14% (from 2007 levels) by 2050. Environmental groups and opposition parties suggested that this

31730-516: The slow and fast lanes on provincial highways, on the grounds that this would equalize the rate at which the lanes broke down and therefore save on maintenance costs; nothing came of the proposal. He established a fund for capital projects, but was criticized for not doing enough to address the deterioration of the province's infrastructure. In 2001, Klein separated Transportation out of the Infrastructure portfolio and appointed Stelmach to it, where

31920-422: The spring of 2008. Paul Hinman , the party's only sitting Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) remained leader after the merger. During the 27th Alberta general election , the Wildrose Alliance attempted to position itself as a conservative alternative to the governing PC party, and released a platform that promised fixed election dates, increasing personal tax exemptions, elimination of health care premiums,

32110-413: The status of Quebec through the failed Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords . During the government of Brian Mulroney (1984–1993), government spending on social programs was cut, taxes for individuals and businesses were reduced (but a new national tax appeared for nearly all goods and services), government intervention in the economy was significantly reduced, a free trade agreement was concluded with

32300-536: The subject of some ridicule when the Edmonton Journal revealed that one of the photos used in it was not taken in Alberta, but at a North Sea beach in Northumberland . While the government initially claimed that it had intentionally used a foreign image to represent Alberta's engagement with the world, it later admitted that this was not the case, and that the photo had been used in error. Stelmach responded to

32490-491: The support of four-in-ten Albertans, a much stronger result than other polls. Conservatism in Canada Provincial Provincial Conservatism in Canada ( French : conservatisme ) is generally considered a movement which is primarily represented by the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada in federal party politics , as well as various centre-right and right-wing parties at

32680-408: The teaching of science and geography in public schools very difficult, and suggested that parents who did not wish to have their children exposed to evolution should home school them or send them to private school . New Democratic Party leader Brian Mason suggested that the changes would make Alberta "sound like Arkansas ". Klein's government had received criticism for reducing the importance of

32870-483: The text of the act continued not to mention sexual orientation. Gay rights activists and opposition politicians hoped that the government's proposed changes to the act would change this. This section had been used to try to prosecute Ezra Levant for publishing the cartoons at the centre of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy in his Western Standard magazine, and to successfully prosecute

33060-483: The two parties agreed to merge into the new Conservative Party of Canada in 2003. Meanwhile, although Quebec delivered few seats to conservative parties in federal elections from 1993 on, conservative themes were influential in Quebec provincial politics . Blue Tories are, in Canadian politics, Conservatives who are more free-market or liberal economically. Prior to the 1960s, these Conservatives were most identified with

33250-491: The two seats it held there at dissolution) and were completely shut out of Edmonton. Nonetheless, it tallied 34.3 percent of the popular vote, a healthy increase from 2008. This was, however, enough to make the Wildrose the Official Opposition for the first time. In 2014, Allison Redford stepped down as PC leader following numerous scandals, and polls began to show a resurgence in Wildrose support. Jim Prentice then won

33440-465: The unregistered Wildrose Party of Alberta . The name officially changed to Wildrose Alliance Party of Alberta after being approved by Elections Alberta on January 31, 2008. The two parties had similar policies and the Wildrose had key personnel previously involved with the Alberta Alliance. They hoped that a union would allow the new party to present a stronger front for an anticipated election in

33630-466: The world that Alberta's oil sands were environmentally friendly. The number of ducks that died was originally reported at around 500, but in March 2009 Syncrude revealed that the number was in fact more than 1,600. In response to accusations from opposition and environmental groups that his government, which had known the actual number since the summer of 2008, had participated in covering it up to save face, Stelmach asserted that it had refrained from making

33820-609: The writ was dropped, a group calling itself Albertans for Change began to buy print and television ads that attacked Stelmach for lacking a plan and portrayed him as unfit to lead the province. The group was funded by the Alberta Building Trades Council and the Alberta Federation of Labour , which led to a series of ads purchased by the National Citizens Coalition and Merit Contractors, in which it

34010-528: Was a focus of the Wildrose Alliance. The party proposed to set fixed election dates rather than the current format which allows the Premier to call an election at any time. It would allow more free votes in the legislature and would seek to elect the province's Senators rather than have them appointed by the Prime Minister . The party also planned to introduce a bill giving voters the right to recall their MLA. The Wildrose Party proposed numerous changes to how

34200-415: Was accused of "putting your [union members'] money where [union leadership's] mouths are." Despite a campaign that was called disorganized and uninspired, Stelmach's Progressive Conservatives won 72 seats in the 83-seat Legislative Assembly, an increase from the 62 that the party had won in the previous election and only two seats short of Ralph Klein 's 2001 landslide . Political analysts attributed

34390-494: Was being punished for criticizing the government. Much of Stelmach's term as Premier was dominated by questions related to the Athabasca Oil Sands . The rapid development of these reserves was fuelling the Alberta economy's strong growth, but also raised environmental questions. After winning the Premiership, Stelmach emphasized that he had no intention of taking measures that would slow down oilsands development and suggested that

34580-475: Was born and raised on a farm near Lamont and fluently speaks the distinctive Canadian dialect of Ukrainian . He spent his entire pre-political adult life as a farmer, except for some time spent studying at the University of Alberta . His first foray into politics was a 1986 municipal election, when he was elected to Lamont County council. A year into his term, he was appointed reeve . He continued in this position until his entry into provincial politics. In

34770-427: Was comfortable that another provision, requiring that the impugned section should not "be deemed to interfere with the free expression of opinion on any subject", protected Albertans against its abusive use. The proposal also included a section entitling parents to advance notice from schools if their children were going to be taught "subject-matter that deals explicitly with religion, sexuality or sexual orientation" and

34960-459: Was controversial, as elements of the EUB's governing legislation that provided for public notice and consultation in the event of energy construction projects were left out. Opposition parties and advocacy groups charged that this was an assault on both landowners' rights and the environment. The legislation ultimately passed, and took effect at the beginning of 2008. Stelmach clashed with rural landowners again in 2009 when his government introduced

35150-470: Was criticized by the Canadian Taxpayers Federation , which called for a plebiscite on the issue. Shortly after winning an increased majority in the 2008 election , Stelmach's cabinet approved substantial raises for themselves, increasing the salary paid to cabinet ministers from $ 142,000 to $ 184,000 and that paid to the Premier from $ 159,450 to $ 213,450. The increases also affect the severance paid to ministers who resign or are defeated in elections—under

35340-698: Was divided (especially by region) until the merger of the Progressive Conservatives and the Canadian Alliance (the direct successor to the Reform Party) in 2003. In the early days of electoral politics in Canada, the term conservatives or Tories applied to those people who supported the authority of colonial governors and their advisers over the elected assemblies. These conservatives took their cues from British Tories , especially Burke. They supported royal privilege, and were avowedly anti-democratic. Tory supporters were often descended from loyalists who had fled

35530-483: Was elected as leader and by December the Wildrose was leading provincial opinion polls ahead of both the governing PCs and the opposition Liberals . Wildrose's caucus grew to four members in 2010, after two former PC members of the Legislative Assembly defected in January and an independent MLA joined the party in June of that year. In the 2012 election, the party failed to have the breakthrough predicted by most media pundits, many of whom predicted that it would become

35720-410: Was generally considered the race's front-runner. Stelmach ran a low-profile campaign, touring the province in a custom-painted campaign bus , while most media attention was focussed on the rivalry between Dinning and the socially conservative Ted Morton . According to the race's rules, the three candidates receiving the most votes on the first ballot would move on to a second ballot, which would use

35910-454: Was insufficient in light of British Columbia 's plan to cut emissions by 80% (from 2007 levels) during the same period, but Stelmach argued that Alberta's position as a supplier of oil to the rest of the country justified higher emissions. This was followed in June by the unveiling of the government's campaign to ask Albertans to make "one simple act"—such as composting , using reusable shopping bags, and replacing incandescent light bulbs with

36100-402: Was raised a Ukrainian Catholic , and continues to attend church regularly, sing in the church choir, and act as a volunteer caretaker for the cemetery. Through high school, he worked as a well-digger and a Fuller Brush salesman, where he said his grasp of Ukrainian helped him make sales. After graduating high school—his grade 12 yearbook called him a future Prime Minister of Canada—he attended

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