Catherine Ann Janvier ( née Drinker; May 1, 1841 – July 19, 1922) was an American artist, author, and translator. Before she married, she had an established career as an artist and teacher under the name Catherine Ann Drinker .
47-847: The George D. Widener Memorial Gold Medal was a prestigious sculpture prize awarded by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts from 1913 to 1968. Established in 1912, it recognized the "most meritorious work of Sculpture modeled by an American citizen and shown in the Annual Exhibition." PAFA's annual exhibitions were open to all American sculptors, but an individual could be awarded the medal only once. Sculptors Paul Manship , Albin Polasek , Malvina Hoffman , Carl Paul Jennewein , Anna Hyatt Huntington , William Zorach and Leonard Baskin were among its recipients. George Dunton Widener had been
94-624: A Philadelphia businessman and a director of PAFA. He and his son Harry died in 1912 aboard the RMS ; Titanic . The Widener Gold Medal was retired in 1968. Beginning in 1969, PAFA devoted its annual exhibitions solely to work by students in its school. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts ( PAFA ) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania. It
141-486: A consolidated facility. The inside of the building is equally varied, combining "gilt floral patterns incised on a field of Venetian red; ... [a] cerulean blue ceiling sprinkled with silver stars", and plum, ochre, sand and olive green gallery walls. The building's structure combines brick, stone and iron; because of fire-proofing concerns, some of the iron i-beams were left uncovered. The book A Century After, picturesque glimpses of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania includes
188-550: A coordinated Bachelor of Fine Arts program from the University of Pennsylvania . The BFA degree program is also offered in-house, and a Master of Fine Arts program, post-baccalaureate certificate in graduate studies, and other education offerings are now offered. In 2005, the academy received the National Medal of Arts in recognition of its role as a national leader in fine arts education. In January 2007, in association with
235-708: A marriage between Janvier and his son. The Drinkers were living in the orient during the Opium Wars when the relationships between foreign traders and the Chinese was difficult. The Drinkers lived in Macao by 1857. In January 1857, Sandwith Drinker was poisoned and died of dysentery, believed to be the result of a politically motivated mass poisoning of bread at a bakery . About 400 foreigners "suffered great impairment of health" due to arsenic poisoning. Susannah Drinker sailed with her children from China to Baltimore. During
282-458: A museum in 1807 and held its first exhibition in 1811, where more than 500 paintings and statues were displayed. The first school classes held in the building were with the Society of Artists in 1810. The academy had to be reconstructed after the fire of 1845. The new building by architect Richard Arthington Gilpin opened in 1847 and was demolished in 1870, following damage by a storm. The leaders of
329-424: A number of different historical styles, including Second Empire , Renaissance Revival and Gothic Revival , amalgamated in an "aggressively personal manner". The building's exterior coloration combines "rusticated brownstone, dressed sandstone, polished pink granite, red pressed brick, and purplish terra-cotta." It was the first structure in the U.S. specifically designed for fine arts instruction and exhibition in
376-502: A partnership called James and Drinker in Hong Kong and Macao . He was a merchant or adjacents-ports agent for organizations in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. Janvier was the oldest of four children. She had a sister and two brothers. Her brother Robert was born in 1845, Henry was born in 1850, and Elizabeth in 1853. Sandwith Drinker lived in Hong Kong by 1845 and the rest of
423-482: A transition between 19th- and 20th-century art movements. In 2010, the academy acquired the Linda Lee Alter Collection of Art by Women, including nearly 500 works by female artists, from collector Linda Lee Alter . Artists in the collection include Louise Bourgeois , Judy Chicago , Louise Nevelson , Kiki Smith , Kara Walker , and Philadelphia artists Barbara Bullock and Elizabeth Osborne . In 2012,
470-466: A volunteer. Fairman Rogers , chairman of the Committee on Instruction from 1878 to 1883, appointed Eakins a faculty member in 1878, and promoted him to director in 1882. Eakins revamped the certificate curriculum to its current format. Students in the certificate program learned fundamentals of drawing, painting, sculpture, and printmaking, including relief , intaglio , and lithography , for two years. For
517-403: Is built of brick, the principal entrance, which is two stories high, being augmented with encaustic tiles , terra-cotta statuary, and light stone dressings. The walls are laid in patterns of red and white brick. Over the main entrance on Broad Street there is a large Gothic window with stone tracery. The Cherry Street front is relieved by a colonnade supporting arched windows, back of which
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#1732854880030564-463: Is set apart for the exhibition of statuary , busts , small statues , bas-reliefs , etc. On each side of this hall are picture galleries, which are so arranged in size and form as to admit of classification of pictures, and which can be divided into suits where separate exhibitions may be held at the same time. The art collections of the gallery are considered the most valuable in America. They comprise
611-513: Is the transept and pointed gable . Beyond the entrance vestibule is the main staircase, which starts from a wide hall and leads to the galleries on the second floor. Along the Cherry Street side of the Academy are five galleries arranged for casts from the antique; and, further on, are rooms for drapery painting, and the life class. These have a clear north light which can never be obstructed. On
658-514: The Community College of Philadelphia , Montgomery County Community College , Atlantic Cape Community College , and Northampton Community College . In 2013, the academy received Middle States Commission on Higher Education accreditation. In 2024, the academy announced plans to terminate their degree granting programs. After 2025, the academy will no longer grant BFA or MFA degrees to students. Continuing education, certificate programs, and
705-804: The Philadelphia Museum of Art , the academy purchased Thomas Eakins's work The Gross Clinic from the Jefferson Medical School . This work is displayed at both institutions on a rotating basis. In January 2009, the academy signed a transfer agreement with Camden County College in New Jersey , known as the Camden Connection, which allows for the transfer of liberal arts and studio classes and partial merit scholarships for qualified Camden County College students. Other transfer agreements are now in place with community college art departments at
752-410: The Academy marked the period of its greatest prosperity. Rich endowments were made to the schools, a gallery of national portraiture was formed, and some of the best examples of Gilbert Stuart 's work acquired. The annual exhibitions attained a brilliancy and éclat hitherto unknown ... Mr. Coates wisely established the schools upon a conservative basis, building almost unconsciously the dykes high against
799-604: The Athens of the Western World in all that can give polish to the human mind." Harrison S. Morris, managing director from 1892 to 1905, collected contemporary American art for the institution. Among the many masterpieces acquired during his tenure were works by Cecilia Beaux , William Merritt Chase , Frank Duveneck , Thomas Eakins , Winslow Homer , Childe Hassam , and Edmund Tarbell . Work by The Eight , which included former academy students Robert Henri and John Sloan , provides
846-706: The Countess of Tripoli (1870), James Madison (1875), Daniel at Prayer (1876) and the lithograph Blessed Are the Meek (1871), all helped to develop her reputation as an artist. Geoffrey Rudel and the Countess of Tripoli was exhibited at the Union League of Philadelphia and James Madison was purchased by the city of Philadelphia and is now in the collection of the Independence National Historical Park . She exhibited her works of art at PAFA from 1876 to
893-501: The Fisher Brooks Gallery, named after James R. Fisher, an artist who attended the academy in the late 1880s, and Leonie Brooks. They are the grandfather and mother, respectively, of Marguerite Lenfest , a philanthropist and academy board member. The Hamilton building also houses Portfolio, the museum's gift shop. In 2013, the academy sold East Wind Over Weehawken , a 1934 portrait that is among two Edward Hopper portraits in
940-474: The academy featured the collection in the exhibition The Female Gaze: Women Artists Making Their World. Since its founding, the academy has collected works by leading American artists, as well as works by distinguished alumni and faculty of its school. The academy maintains its collecting tradition with the inclusion of works by modern and contemporary American artists. Acquisitions and exhibition programs are balanced between historical and contemporary art, and
987-448: The academy then raised funds to construct a building more worthy of its treasures. They commissioned the current Furness-Hewitt building, which was constructed from 1871. It opened as part of the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition . The Chestnut Street site was leased to the vaudeville entrepreneur Robert Fox, who opened Fox's New American Theatre there in 1870. In 1876, former academy student and artist Thomas Eakins returned to teach as
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#17328548800301034-423: The academy's collection, to start an endowment fund. About 25 percent of the fund will be used to fill gaps in the collection of historic art, with most of the rest to buy contemporary art of undetermined value with hopes for dramatic increases in the future. The painting was sold at auction for $ 40,485,000, resulting in a boost to the museum's endowment by approximately $ 23.5 million, but raised new questions about
1081-513: The academy's library and gallery. Life classes, the study of the nude body, were available to women in the spring of 1868 with female models; male models were added for study six years later. This came after much debate on whether it was appropriate for women to view the nude male form. In 1878, Catherine Drinker , at the age of 27, became the first woman to teach at the academy. In 1895, one of her pupils, her younger cousin Cecilia Beaux , became
1128-602: The bachelor's degree in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania will still be hosted by the institution. The current museum building began construction in 1871 and opened in 1876 in connection with the Philadelphia Centennial . Designed by the American architects Frank Furness and George Hewitt , it has been called "One of the most magnificent Victorian buildings in the country." The building's façade draws from
1175-482: The bachelor's program in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania ) by 2025. The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts was founded in 1805 by painter and scientist Charles Willson Peale , sculptor William Rush , and other artists and business leaders. Its first building on Chestnut and 10th Streets in Center City Philadelphia was designed by John Dorsey and opened in 1806. The academy opened as
1222-744: The book Practical Keramics for Students was published. Janvier translated two books by Felix Gras: The White Terror and The Reds of the Midi. They royalties for the books went to Gras, which helped to fund the education of his sons. Janvier enjoyed Homer and had an interest in Greek history, partially realized in her manuscript Captain Dyonisius ;[ sic ] , which was published in 1935 as Captain Dionysios , A Romance of Old Marseilles under Janvier's name by her brother Henry. In 1904, her book London Mews
1269-500: The country, they lived in New York City. They were close friends of William Sharp , who they met in 1892. Catherine was among the first to know that Fiona Mcleod was his secret pseudonym. Janvier translated a book about painting china that French ceramist Camille Piton-who moved to Philadelphia in 1878 and established an art school- wrote in 1878. Janvier titled the book China Painting in America (1879). She taught pottery. In 1880
1316-457: The end he always had in view—the honour and the glory of the Academy. It was under Mr. Coates' enlightened direction that was fulfilled the expressed wish of Benjamin West , the first honorary Academician, that "Philadelphia may be as much celebrated for her galleries of paintings by the native genius of the country, as she is distinguished by the virtues of her people; and that she may be looked up to as
1363-561: The family was there about 1849. Janvier was a friend and correspondent of student Townsend Harris , who became the first Minister to Japan for the United States. Janvier studied oriental arts, the French and Latin languages, literature, and mathematics. She was also interested in horse-back riding and dancing. At ten or fifteen years of age, one of her father's business associates and a powerful merchant, Hukwa, tried unsuccessfully to arrange
1410-620: The family, including her grandmother. Janvier, who studied and worked under the name Catherine Ann Drinker, studied art at the Maryland Institute with Adolf van der Whelan. In 1865, Janvier and the other Drinker children moved to their cousin Ann Elmslie's house in Philadelphia at 1906 Pine Street. Cathrine Drinker took classes at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts , where she studied under Thomas Eakins . A life drawing class
1457-415: The first female faculty member at the academy to instruct painting and drawing. From 1890 to 1906, Edward Hornor Coates served as the tenth president of the academy. In 1915, he was awarded the academy's gold medal. In 1921, painter John McLure Hamilton , who began his art education at the academy under Thomas Eakins, described the contributions Coates made during his tenure: The reign of Mr. Coates at
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1504-455: The following on the 1876 opening: The newly-built Academy of Fine Arts will bear comparison with any institution of its kind in America. It has a front of one hundred feet on Broad Street and a depth of two hundred and fifty-eight feet on Cherry Street. Its situation, with a street on each of its three sides, and an open space along a considerable portion of the fourth, is very advantageous as regards lighting, and freedom from risk by fire. It
1551-534: The following two years, they conducted independent study, guided by critiques from faculty, students, and visiting artists. The 1844 board of directors' declaration that women artists "would have exclusive use of the statue gallery for professional purposes" and study time in the museum on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings began an incremental step of inclusion of women in the academy. In 1860, female students were allowed to take anatomy and antique courses, drawing from antique casts, and they were afforded access to
1598-603: The institution's fixed site while maintaining the buildings' historic details. In 2002, Dorrance H. Hamilton made a large donation to the academy for its expansion, and the academy purchased the former automobile factory at 128 N. Broad Street , next to the original building. Designed by Charles Oelschlager, the building was formerly a federal government building. The structure was renamed in memory of her husband, Samuel M.V. Hamilton. The academy completed its move there in September 2006. The new building includes an exhibition space,
1645-547: The masterpieces of Stuart , Sully , Allston , West , and others of our early artists, the Gilpin gallery, fine marbles, and facsimiles of famous statues, as well as a magnificent gallery from the antique. The building is now considered one of the most notable buildings in Philadelphia and one of Furness' greatest works. In 1971, the building was named to the National Register of Historic Places . Four years later, in 1975, it
1692-564: The mid-1880s, the Janviers had moved to New York City and Catherine has begun a transition from artist to writer. The Janviers enjoyed a happy marriage in which they lived in England among literary circles and in Provence between 1883 and 1890. Their friends included poets and writers Roumanille , Felix Gras , and Mistral . Besides Europe, the Janviers also traveled to Mexico. When they were not out of
1739-714: The mid-1880s. Drinker won the Mary Smith Prize in 1880 for The Guitar Player , which in 1922 was among the collection of the Neighborhood Guild at Peace Dale, Rhode Island . At the age of 27, she was the first woman to teach at the academy in 1878. Janviers gave lectures about perspective and wrote the book Lessons in Perspective . On September 26, 1878, Catherine Ann Drinker married journalist Thomas Allibone Janvier in Drifton, Pennsylvania at St. James Church. By
1786-404: The museum continues to show works by contemporary regional artists and features annual displays of work by academy students. The collection is installed in a chronological and thematic format, exploring the history of American art from the 1760s to the present. The academy has a longstanding four-year certificate program. Beginning in 1929, qualified students have been able to apply for and receive
1833-552: The museum's mission and whether such deaccessionings are in the public interest. Notable students and faculty of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts include: Notes Bibliography Catherine A. Janvier Catherine Ann Drinker was born on May 1, 1841, in Philadelphia to (Henry) Sandwith Drinker and Susannah Budd (née Shober) Drinker. Her father commanded ships involved in East India trade and then established
1880-482: The oncoming flow of insane novelties in art patterns ... In this last struggle against modernism the President was ably supported by Eakins, Anschutz , Grafly , [Henry Joseph] Thouron, Vonnoh , and Chase ... His unfailing courtesy, his disinterested thoughtfulness, his tactfulness, and his modesty endeared him to scholars and masters alike. No sacrifice of time or of means was too great, if he thought he could accomplish
1927-405: The south side, there is a large lecture room, with retiring rooms, and back of these are the modeling rooms and rooms devoted to the use of students and professors. On the second floor is the main hall, which extends across the building, and is intended for the exhibition of large works of art. This story is divided into galleries, which are lighted from the top. Through the center runs a hall which
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1974-591: The trip, when the captain was drunk, Janvier navigated the ship because the First Officer did not have sufficient ability to read the charts. Her mother established Mrs. Drinker's Academy for Young Ladies in Baltimore. Susannah Drinker was diagnosed with a uterine tumor and died in March 1860. Janvier kept the school open for a time, and then closed it to pursue a career in art. She took the responsibility for providing for
2021-494: Was designated a National Historic Landmark . In 1976, the building's exterior and interior was refurbished to coincide with its centennial and with the United States bicentennial. The restoration work was conducted through Day and Zimmerman Associates , and headed by Human Myers. In 2019, architectural firm DLR Group completed another renovation on both the Furness-Hewitt and Hamilton buildings to accommodate growth within
2068-471: Was established for women at the school in 1868. Ida Waugh and Emily Sartain were among her fellow students. Janvier taught art at Miss Sanford's School in 1870 and through private lessons. One of her private students was Cecilia Beaux , with whom she had much in common and became good friends. Cecilia's sister, Aimée Ernesta Beaux, married Henry Sturgis Drinker, Janvier's brother. From 1873 to 1874, she ran Francis Adolf Van der Wielen's school, and Beaux
2115-507: Was founded in 1805 and is the first and oldest art museum and art school in the United States. The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts , Master of Fine Arts , certificate programs, and continuing education. The academy will cease to offer degrees (except for
2162-462: Was her student at that time. In the mid 1870s she studied under Thomas Eakins at the Pennsylvania Academy. In New York, she studied at the Art Students League . Aside from teaching, Janvier also created marketable paintings of people, still-life, and genre scenes that sold for about $ 300 (equivalent to $ 8,324 in 2023) each painting in New York City. The paintings of Geoffrey Rudel and
2209-625: Was published. Both Thomas and Catherine Janvier wrote for Harper's Weekly . Janvier was a member of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, London's Pioneer Club, and the Woman's Cosmopolitan Club in New York City. Thomas died on June 18, 1913. Catherine lived on 59th Street in New York from 1913 to 1918 and with her brother Dr. Henry Drinker in Merion, Pennsylvania , by 1921, when she appeared on
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