105-627: Waurn Ponds is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong , Victoria , Australia . The suburb is bounded by Rossack Drive, Princes Highway , the Geelong to Warrnambool railway , Reservoir Road, Draytons Road, Pigdons Road, Deakin University and Honeys Road. It is home to the main Geelong campus of Deakin University and the regional Waurn Ponds Shopping Centre . There are many schools around Waurn Ponds like Mount Duneed Regional Primary School. The town
210-590: A temperate oceanic climate ( Cfb in the Köppen climate classification ) with dominant westerly winds, variable clouds, moderate rainfall that tends to fall lightly, mild to warm summers, and cool winters. February is the hottest month and July is the coldest. The highest temperature recorded was 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) on 7 February 2009 during a two-week-long heat wave, with the lowest of −4.3 °C (24.3 °F) recorded on 24 July 1997. The city gets around 37.6 clear days annually. The average annual rainfall
315-648: A base for low-cost airline Jetstar to serve the Melbourne and Geelong urban areas. Geelong is planned to expand towards the south coast, with 2,500 hectares of land to become a major suburban development for 55,000 to 65,000 people, known as Armstrong Creek. In 2006, construction began on the Geelong Ring Road , designed to replace the Princes Highway through Geelong from Corio to Waurn Ponds. It opened in 2009. More than AU$ 500-million-worth of major construction
420-786: A brewery in 1856 to build a machine that cooled beer. The Geelong Hospital was opened in 1852, and construction on the Geelong City Hall commenced in 1855. Development of the Port of Geelong began with the creation of the first shipping channel in Corio Bay in 1853. The Geelong-to-Melbourne railway was built by the Geelong & Melbourne Railway Company in 1857. Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859 by Thomas Austin , who imported them from England for hunting purposes at his Barwon Park property near Winchelsea . One of Geelong's best-known department stores, Bright & Hitchcocks ,
525-431: A continuous line of trees via Malop Street. The redevelopment of Malop street will see the installation of separated bike lanes from both pedestrians and local traffic by greenery, the design is an Australian first. This project includes the installation of art sculptures and street art throughout the city centre. Major redevelopments are also occurring at Johnstone Park, with a new raingarden installation, and Lt Malop Street
630-468: A highly developed fishery for freshwater eels before the arrival of Europeans , and an extensive knowledge of the ecology of eels, harvesting them through a variety of techniques. Present-day recreational anglers catch and eat them regularly, and New Zealand has a well-established commercial eel fishery. Māori are now concerned that the commercial fishery is compromising their ability to harvest short-finned eels for ceremonial purposes. The main reason that
735-409: A lake, swamp, dam or river, typically occupying a home range of about 400 m (1,300 ft) in length, where they remain until they reach maturity at about 14 years for males and 18 to 24 years for females. At some point, the eels start changing their shape again, to prepare for a trip back into the ocean for spawning. Their digestive system shrinks and their gonads become larger, to make room for
840-525: A new station beyond South Geelong station in 2003–04, but that eventually resulted in the new station being built at Marshall , closer to Geelong, instead. The Deakin University campus at Waurn Ponds had the beginnings in the Gordon Institute of TAFE , who purchased land there in 1969. A building for the Applied Sciences was first built, followed by a library and student lodgings in 1975. In 1976
945-536: A number of modern apartment buildings on the Waterfront and central business district planned or under construction. On 10 July 2008, approval was given for a $ 100-million twin-tower apartment complex of 16 and 12 floors to be built on Mercer St in the city's western edge. The towers will become the tallest buildings in the city, taking the title from the Mercure Hotel. Further highrise developments are planned as part of
1050-548: A saltwater eel farm operated in Bristol in the United Kingdom for 15 years, using warm seawater growing eels to a marketable size in 18–24 months (it was shut down for economic reasons.) Water temperature has a notable effect on the metabolic activity of fish species. Anguillids can withstand a wide variety of temperatures but the optimum temperature in cultured species is between 22 °C and 28 °C- at this temperature growth
1155-413: A shorter larval migration and faster corresponding growth, suggesting a water temperature effect on growth. Like other anguillids, short-finned eels are remarkably hardy: they can tolerate high water temperatures and low oxygen concentrations, endure long periods without food, and bury themselves in mud or sand and enter an energy-saving torpor when the water temperature drops below 10 °C . They are one of
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#17328512721361260-505: A small boat with six men to explore. Led by John Bowen , they explored the immediate area, returning to Lady Nelson on 4 February. On reporting favourable findings, Lady Nelson entered Port Phillip on 14 February, and did not leave until 12 March. During this time, Murray explored the Geelong area and, whilst on the far side of the bay, claimed the entire area for Britain. He named the bay Port King, after Philip Gidley King , then Governor of New South Wales . Governor King later renamed
1365-753: A tribute to the Waurn Ponds World War One Servicemen. In 1999, the Victorian State Government decided to sell the Avenue of Honour. Local residents and the Victorian RSL President Bruce Ruxton campaigned that the Avenue of Honour would not be auctioned and that the site be protected. The Victorian State Government overturned the sale of the Waurn Ponds Memorial Reserve and a Committee of Management
1470-445: A waterfront footpath as well as beach restoration and a boat dock expansion. Recently new high rise buildings are being built giving Geelong more jobs and housing. Worksafe Victoria opened up a new 14-storey building on Malop Dt. It opened in mid-2018 and was the tallest building until it was announced that two residential high rises would be built and completed in late 2019. They are called The Mercer and Miramar Apartments. Geelong
1575-608: Is DUSA, followed closely by the Deakin Students' Commerce Society Deakin University Student Association#Deakin Commerce Students' Society The Waurn Ponds Shopping Centre , located on the corner of Colac Road (Princes Highway) and Pioneer Road, is a regional-level shopping centre servicing the southern suburbs of Geelong and the surrounding region. It was opened in the early 1990s, and has been continually expanded. The most recent expansion
1680-513: Is around 525.2 mm (20.7 in), which makes Geelong one of the driest cities in Australia, owing to the pronounced rain shadow of the Otway Ranges to the south-west. Within the city, rainfall shows a strong gradient from south to north, so that the southernmost suburbs can receive around 700 mm (28 in) whilst more northerly Lara receives as little as 425 mm (17 in), which
1785-422: Is in a unique position where the shortfin eel stock, despite heavy exploitation, show little evidence of decline nationally. New Zealand is therefore in a position to enhance global production of shortfin eels and relieve pressure on other stocks around the world in countries such as China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan where aquaculture potential has been limited. Most eel culture facilities utilise freshwater. However
1890-417: Is located on the shores of the western tip of Corio Bay, a southwestern inlet of Port Phillip Bay . During clear weather, the distant Melbourne skyline is visible from higher areas of Geelong when viewed across the waters of Port Phillip. The Barwon River flows through the southern fringe of the Geelong city centre before entering Lake Connewarre and the estuary at Barwon Heads before draining into
1995-405: Is low on water and is no more than one metre deep in most sections. It has a large weed problem which makes the creek look uninhabitable. The creek is home to species of fish (many introduced) including Carp , Redfin , Roach , Tench , Australian Grayling and short finned eels . The creek also is a large habitat of native birds including the pacific black duck. Increase in annual rain will bring
2100-456: Is maximised Recent work has determined that the optimal water temperature is for maximal growth of short-finned eels is 26.5 °C, and salinity is optimum at 17.5%. These parameters were shown to give the highest mean specific growth rate of these eels. It has been shown in the European eel that they achieve higher growth when in saline. Much research continues in this area. A major problem in
2205-468: Is now pressure being placed on the development of intensive eel culture technology. Anguillid eels cannot be reared from eggs in a culture setting, it is the glass eels caught from wild stock that are reared. Extensive systems of aquaculture to farm the short-finned eel were developed by the Gunditjmara people of western Victoria, Australia , dating to at least 7,000 years ago in the wetlands created by
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#17328512721362310-594: Is now used for many local events and can be hired for private functions. The back of the Waurn Ponds Hall was the original Waurn Ponds State School which was relocated to Grovedale Primary School and later back to the Waurn Ponds Hall as an extension. Waurn Ponds started to become part of the outer suburbs of Geelong from the 1970s, with the opening of the Deakin University campus and the Waurn Ponds Hotel on
2415-585: Is regarded as the "Gateway City" due to its critical location to surrounding western Victorian regional centres, providing a transport corridor for surrounding regions to the state capital Melbourne. It is also home to the Geelong Football Club , the second-oldest club in the Australian Football League . The name Geelong comes from Djilang , used by the Wadawurrung traditional owners of
2520-447: Is seeing more upgrades. In the suburbs Geelong West's Pakington Street is seeing major upgrades to its street appeal, with new plantings and upgrades to many of the shops. Manifold Heights' Shannon Avenue will see redevelopment to make it more pedestrian friendly. To Geelong's north, Rippleside is undergoing major changes, with the ongoing development of Balmoral Quay which will see Rippleside Park and nearby St Helens Park connected via
2625-506: Is the lowest rainfall in southern Victoria. Short finned eel The short-finned eel ( Anguilla australis ), also known as the shortfin eel , is one of the 15 species of eel in the family Anguillidae . It is native to the lakes, dams and coastal rivers of south-eastern Australia , New Zealand , and much of the South Pacific , including New Caledonia , Norfolk Island , Lord Howe Island , Tahiti , and Fiji . The body of
2730-655: The Bass Strait . The city is situated just east of the gap between the Otway Ranges and Brisbane Ranges , and commands the only lowland passage between the Werribee Plain and Western Volcanic Plains . Geologically, the oldest rocks in the area date back to the Cambrian period 500 million years ago, with volcanic activities occurring in the Devonian period 350 million years ago. In prehistoric times water covered much of
2835-465: The Great Ocean Road was opened in 1932, and in 1934, the T & G Building opened on the most prominent intersection in the city, the corner of Ryrie and Moorabool Streets. By 1936, Geelong had displaced Ballarat as Victoria's second-largest city. In 1938, one of the last Port Philip Bay steamers , Edina , made its final trip to Geelong, ending a period of seaside excursions and contests for
2940-532: The Gunditjmara and the Djab wurrung from Western Victoria, farmed eels on a large scale, trading smoked eel with distant communities in return for other goods. For the Māori people of New Zealand, starved of protein after the extinction of New Zealand megafauna , the short-finned eel was a significant food resource. The short-finned eel is known to Māori as tuna , alongside the endemic New Zealand longfin eel . They had
3045-521: The Market Square in the middle of the city, a clock tower was erected in 1856, and an Exhibition Building was opened in 1879. The gold rush had seen Ballarat and Bendigo grow larger than Geelong in terms of population. Melbourne critics dubbed Geelong 'Sleepy Hollow', a tag that recurred many times in the following years. A number of industries became established in Geelong, including Victoria's first woollen mill at South Geelong in 1868. In 1869,
3150-467: The South Equatorial Current and eventually reach coastal waters, where they metamorphose into "glass eels" (tiny, semi-transparent eels). At this stage they are unable to eat, and can only eat after reaching an estuary or river mouth, where they metamorphose again into elvers , which are darker in colour. From there, they migrate upstream, traversing numerous obstacles — if necessary, leaving
3255-527: The city centre to the suburbs until their demise in 1956. The first of many stores on the Market Square was opened in 1913, and the first Gala Day festival was held in 1916. Geelong's industrial growth accelerated in the 1920s: woollen mills, fertiliser plants, Ford's vehicle plant at Norlane , and the Corio whisky distillery were all established in this period. The Geelong Advertiser radio station 3GL (now K-Rock ) commenced transmission in 1930,
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3360-594: The clipper Lightning caught fire at the Yarra Street pier and was cast adrift in Corio Bay to burn, before being sunk by artillery fire. Improvements to transport saw Geelong emerge as the centre of the Western District of Victoria, with railway lines extended towards Colac in 1876, and to Queenscliff in 1879. Construction of the Hopetoun shipping channel began in 1881 and completed in 1893. The Geelong Cup
3465-576: The lowlands that are now Geelong, with the Barwon River estuary located at Belmont Common , the course of the river being changed when Mount Moriac erupted and lava was sent eastwards towards Geelong. To the east of the city are the Bellarine Hills and the undulating plains of the Bellarine Peninsula . To the west are the sandstone-derived Barrabool Hills and basalt Mount Duneed , and
3570-574: The sloop Cumberland and mapped the area, including the future site of Geelong, but reported the area was unfavourable for settlement and returned to Sydney on 27 February. In October of the same year, HMS Calcutta led by Lieutenant Colonel David Collins arrived in the bay to establish the Sullivan Bay penal colony . Collins was dissatisfied with the area chosen, and sent a small party led by First Lieutenant J.H. Tuckey to investigate alternative sites. The party spent 22 to 27 October on
3675-425: The 1860s became one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills, ropeworks, and paper mills. During the city's early years, inhabitants of Geelong were often called Geelongites or Pivotonians, derived from the city's nickname of "The Pivot", referencing the city's role as a shipping and rail hub for the area. Geelong was proclaimed a city in 1910, with industrial growth from this time until
3780-690: The 1860s, owing to its being a rail and shipping hub for western Victoria . The town of Geelong officially became a city on 8 December 1910. The city gained a number of essential services, with electric light supplied by the Geelong Power Station starting in 1902, the Geelong Harbour Trust was formed in December 1905, and the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust formed in 1908. Electric trams began operation in 1912, travelling from
3885-611: The 1950s. The banks of the Barwon River burst in 1952, inundating nearby Belmont Common . Geelong continued to expand with Corio, Highton , and Belmont growing at such a rate that in February 1967, Geelong accounted for 21% of private home development in Greater Melbourne. Private vehicles became the city's major mode of transport. The first parking meters in the city were introduced in 1961, new petrol stations were constructed and
3990-431: The 1960s establishing the city as a manufacturing centre for the state, and the population grew to over 100,000 by the mid-1960s. Population increases during the 21st century were largely due to growth in service industries, as the manufacturing sector has declined. Redevelopment of the inner city has occurred since the 1990s, as well as gentrification of inner suburbs, and currently has a population growth rate higher than
4095-716: The 1970s. Most woollen mills closed in 1974 and hectares of warehouse space in the city centre were left empty after wool-handling practices changed. The Target head office opened in North Geelong, Deakin University was established at Waurn Ponds in 1974, and the Geelong Performing Arts Centre opened in 1981. Later, the Australian Animal Health Laboratory was opened in 1985, and the National Wool Museum in 1988. Market Square ,
4200-567: The 1980s with the expansion of Westfield Geelong towards Corio Bay, and culminating in the Waterfront Geelong development. Gentrification of former working-class inner suburbs such as Geelong West, North Geelong, and South Geelong has also occurred. Today, the major residential growth corridors are north towards Lara, east towards Leopold , and south towards Mount Duneed as the Armstrong Creek Growth Area . Geelong has
4305-612: The CBD; and a new $ 30-million aquatic centre in Waurn Ponds. Major developments within Geelong are advocated by influential, non-government group the Committee for Geelong and the region's local government alliance, G21 Geelong Region Alliance . The City of Greater Geelong and four other local municipalities form part of the alliance which identifies the Geelong region's priorities, and advocates all levels of government for funding and implement
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4410-592: The City of Greater Geelong's Geelong Western Edge strategic plan. A$ 17-million 11-story apartment tower has also recently been proposed to be built next to the Deakin Waterfront Campus. In 2012, a design competition for a "city icon" was run for the City of Geelong by Deakin University and Senia Lawyers. The recipient of the prize and winning design entry was JOH Architects and their design titled "The Sea Dragon". Geelong's new Library and Heritage Centre opened to
4515-505: The Corio Bay for port access, or the Barwon River for waste disposal. In the interwar and post-World War II years, heavy industry continued to establish itself in the flatter northern suburbs, where today industries such as the Geelong Oil Refinery and Ford engine plant reside. Residential development also spread to Corio and Norlane in the north, with new Housing Commission of Victoria estates built to cater for employees of
4620-615: The Geelong area to prevent the spread of the pest, killing the industry until the 1960s. Between 1886 and 1889, the central business district's major banks and insurance companies erected new premises in a solid and ornate character. The existing Geelong Post Office was built during this time and the Gordon Technical College was established. Further industrial growth occurred, with the Fyansford cement works being established in 1890. The town became referred to as "The Pivot" in
4725-513: The Geelong population to grow to 23,000 people by the mid-1850s. To counter this, a false map was issued by Melbourne interests to new arrivals, showing the quickest road to the goldfields as being via Melbourne. The first issue of the Geelong Advertiser newspaper was published in 1840 by James Harrison , who also built the world's first ether vapour compression cycle ice-making and refrigeration machine in 1844, later being commissioned by
4830-1278: The Geelong region, most notably at Anglesea , where it has been mined to fuel Alcoa's Anglesea Power Station since 1969. Limestone has also been quarried for cement production at Fyansford since 1888, and Waurn Ponds since 1964. Geelong has over 60 suburbs, including the following: Anakie , Armstrong Creek , Avalon , Balliang , Barwon Heads , Batesford , Bell Park , Bell Post Hill , Bellarine , Belmont , Breakwater , Breamlea , Ceres , Charlemont , City of Greater Geelong , Clifton Springs , Connewarre , Corio , Curlewis , Drumcondra , Drysdale , East Geelong , Fyansford , Geelong, Geelong West , Grovedale , Hamlyn Heights , Herne Hill , Highton , Indented Head , Lara , Leopold , Little River , Lovely Banks , Manifold Heights , Mannerim , Marcus Hill , Marshall , Moolap , Moorabool , Mount Duneed , Newcomb , Newtown , Norlane , North Geelong , North Shore , Ocean Grove , Point Lonsdale , Point Wilson , Portarlington , Queenscliff , Rippleside , South Geelong , St Albans Park , St Leonards , Staughton Vale , Swan Bay , Thomson , Wallington , Wandana Heights , Waurn Ponds , and Whittington . Development in Geelong started on
4935-539: The Gordon Institute was divided into two parts, with academic courses becoming part of the newly formed Deakin University based at the Waurn Ponds campus. Deakin enrolled its first students at its Waurn Ponds campus in 1977. Today the university is located on a 365-hectare (900-acre) site, has over 1,000 staff and over 4000 on-campus students. Deakin offers many social groups for students to join, The main Association
5040-595: The Japanese eel "A. japonica" have been studied intensively since the 1960s. It is difficult to rear these animals in captivity, the main problem being incomplete techniques for inducing sexual maturation and incomplete rearing techniques of larvae. However the main way that full growth of oocytes is achieved is by repeated injections of salmon pituitary extracts, and also additions of other hormones. The important factors for developing and growing this industry are having viable and reliable seed sources, as well as understanding
5145-563: The Korean War, Vietnam War, Royal Australian Air Force Nurses and Servicewomen from the Geelong area. The Memorial Reserve is also home to the 3.7 Anti Aircraft Gun which is on display at the Reserve. An annual memorial service is held on the first Sunday of July to mark the anniversary of the Waurn Ponds Memorial Reserve. The Waurn Ponds Hall which is located on 225 Waurn Ponds Drive was erected in 1924 as mechanics institute and free library. The Hall
5250-574: The Tyrendarra lava flow of the Budj Bim volcano. Today, the areas are protected by three Budj Bim heritage areas . The eel was known as kooyang in the Gunditjmara language . Since short-finned eels make excellent eating, there is global demand for them. The major market is Japan with smaller markets in other parts of Asia and in Europe. Aquaculture is the single fastest growing animal food producing sector in
5355-409: The adult short-finned eel is long and snakelike, roughly tubular and the head is small, with the jaws reaching back to below the eye or further. The dorsal (top) and anal (bottom) fins are of roughly equal length. The colour varies considerably from one individual to another; a deep olive-green is typical but it can be much lighter; golden or even (rarely) yellowish. There are no markings of note, but
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#17328512721365460-440: The animal is determined from an undifferentiated gonad. Differentiation then occurs and an eel becomes male or female, and this is generally correlated to the size (30 cm (12 in)) of the animal, not its age. They are common throughout the lowlands of New Zealand, including both Chatham and Stewart Island/Rakiura , but tend not to ascend as far inland as New Zealand longfin eels . In Australia, they are restricted to
5565-585: The aquaculture of Anguillid eels has become more popular in recent times is that the wild seed supply cannot support the demand of the consumer. Because of declining catches of both the European and Japanese glass eels, seed from the short-finned eels is at a commercial premium. The increasing pressure on eels has led to reduced recruitment of juveniles of anguilid species which limits the industry and potentially leads to ecological impacts. Supply of seed to aquaculture operations of these eels relies solely on wild stocks of glass eels. These stocks are declining and there
5670-543: The area at the time of settlement. The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula are the traditional lands of the Wadawurrung ( Wathaurong ) Indigenous Australian tribe. The first non-Indigenous person recorded as visiting the region was Lieutenant John Murray , who commanded the brig HMS Lady Nelson . After anchoring outside Port Phillip Heads (the narrow entrance to Port Phillip , onto which both Geelong and Melbourne now front), on 1 February 1802, he sent
5775-584: The area on the seaward side of the Great Dividing Range , from about Mount Gambier in the south-eastern corner of South Australia , through Victoria , Tasmania , the Bass Strait islands, and up the eastern seaboard to the Richmond River in northern New South Wales . Unable to scale the Great Dividing Range , and not extending as far west as the outlet of the Murray River , they are excluded from
5880-642: The basic biology of the animal. This includes an understanding of the times at which spawning in freshwater occurs as well as maintaining a sustainable catch of any given population. Eel farming was trialled in New Zealand in the 1970s but had limited success. However, the implementation of new technology has made farming a viable option once more, with greater production efficiency. NIWA ( National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research ) has begun developing culture and husbandry techniques in freshwater, and will also be investigating trials in saltwater. New Zealand
5985-466: The bay Port Phillip after the first governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip . Arriving not long after Murray was Matthew Flinders , who entered Port Phillip on 27 April 1802. He charted the entire bay, including the Geelong area, believing he was the first to sight the huge expanse of water, but in a rush to reach Sydney before winter set in, he left Port Phillip on 3 May. In January 1803, Surveyor-General Charles Grimes arrived at Port Phillip in
6090-698: The bay being called Djillong . Hume and Hovell had been contracted to travel overland from Sydney to Port Phillip, and having achieved this, they stayed the night and began their return journey two days later on 18 December. The convict William Buckley escaped from the Sullivan Bay settlement in 1803, and lived among the Wadawurrung people for 32 years on the Bellarine Peninsula. In 1835, John Batman used Indented Head as his base camp, leaving behind several employees whilst he returned to Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land ) for more supplies and his family. In this same year, Buckley surrendered to
6195-518: The city by preventing the salty lower reaches from mixing with fresh water and pooling water. In 1839, Charles Sievwright , the newly appointed Assistant Protector of Aborigines (for the western district) sets up camp on the Barwon River near Fyans ford. The Geelong Keys were discovered around 1845 by Governor Charles La Trobe on Corio Bay. They were embedded in the stone in such a way that he believed that they had been there for 100–150 years, possibly dropped by Portuguese explorers . In 1849, Fyans
6300-504: The city's first supermarket, operated by Woolworths , opened in 1965. Later, support came for Cycling in Geelong with Australia's first bike plan in 1977. Industrial growth continued with a second cement works operating at Waurn Ponds by 1964 and the Alcoa Point Henry aluminium smelter constructed in 1962. Federal government policy changes on tariff protection led to the closure of many Geelong industrial businesses from
6405-470: The creek back to its original status. The Friends of the Waurn Ponds Creek is a community group that gather on the first and third Sunday of the month to protect and conserve the health of the Waurn Ponds Creek and surrounding area. The Friends first started in 2002 and have won awards for their dedication and work towards enhancing the creek to protect the native fish and wildlife that habitat are along
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#17328512721366510-422: The creek. The Friends plant trees, clean up rubbish and maintain weeds and tree planting sites. Waurn Ponds has a large linear parkland following the creek. The neighbouring suburb of Grovedale has a skate park and baseball complex. The boundaries of Waurn Ponds were expanded in 2012 when, as a result of boundary changes related to the development of the nearby Armstrong Creek Growth Area , an area of land in
6615-558: The east coast to the Coral Sea. The study did not establish where the eels spawned, but the researchers thought that it was somewhere near New Caledonia. As of 2000 , the reproductive biology of these eels has remained elusive during the marine phase. Much is known about the longer freshwater phase from the juvenile to pubertal stage, but much less is known about the marine stage Research done in 2008 identified that tropical species such as A. reinhardtii ( Australian long-finned eels ) have
6720-479: The eggs and sperm that they will be making, and they stop eating. Their eyes get bigger, and their heads pointier, possibly an adaptation for better ocean swimming. In the case of the south-east Australian eels, they head north up the east coast, heading for the Coral Sea. A 2021 study by the Arthur Rylah Institute tracked short-finned eels that travelled 2,620 km (1,630 mi) from western Victoria up
6825-515: The entire Bellarine Peninsula and running from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with Corio Bay to the east and the Barrabool Hills to the west. The traditional owners of the land on which Geelong sits are the Wadawurrung (also known as Wathaurong ) Aboriginal people of the Kulin nation . The modern name of Geelong, first recorded in 1827,
6930-567: The fastest trip. The Eastern Beach foreshore beautification and pool was completed in 1939 after almost 10 years of work. On the eve of World War II, the International Harvester works were opened beside Ford at North Shore , along with a grain elevator at nearby Corio Quay, and the Shell Australia oil refinery. Government housing was constructed in the suburbs of East Geelong , Norlane , North Shore , and Corio from
7035-415: The few Australian freshwater fish to have coped well with the introduction of European and American species. Short-finned eels make excellent eating and have long been esteemed as an important food. The consumption of short-finned eels is a longstanding tradition in many Pacific nations, including Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Prior to European settlement at least two Aboriginal Australian nations,
7140-427: The first enclosed shopping centre in the city, was opened in 1985, with neighbouring Bay City Plaza opened in 1988. The Pyramid Building Society , founded in Geelong in 1959, collapsed in 1990, leaving debts of AU$ 1.3 billion to over 200,000 depositors, and causing the Geelong economy to stagnate. On 18 May 1993, the City of Greater Geelong was formed by the amalgamation of a number of smaller municipalities with
7245-492: The former City of Geelong. The Waterfront Geelong redevelopment, started in 1994, was designed to enhance use and appreciation of Corio Bay and in 1995 the Barwon River overflowed in the worst flood since 1952. In 2000, the Carousel Pavilion was opened as a landmark and symbol of the refurbishment of the Geelong waterfront. In 2004, Avalon Airport was upgraded to accommodate interstate passenger travel, providing
7350-508: The highway. Major development did not begin until the early 1990s, based around Ghazeepore Road. The intervening years have seen housing developments spread across the hillside towards Grovedale . Waurn Ponds contains a number of heritage listed sites, including: Waurn Ponds is home to the quite small Waurn Ponds Creek. It starts around the Mount Moriac region and eventually flows into the Barwon River near Belmont Common . As of 2007, it
7455-565: The intersection of Rossack Drive and the Colac Road (Princes Highway), is another shopping centre in Waurn Ponds. It is the location of the office of the federal member for Corangamite , Libby Coker . Geelong Geelong ( / dʒ ɪ ˈ l ɒ ŋ / jih- LONG ) ( Wathawurrung : Djilang / Djalang ) is a port city in Victoria, Australia , located at the eastern end of Corio Bay (the smaller western portion of Port Phillip Bay ) and
7560-461: The left bank of Barwon River , about 75 km (47 mi) southwest of Melbourne . With an estimated population of 282,809 in 2023, Geelong is the second largest city in the state of Victoria. It is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality, which is Port Phillip's only regional metropolitan area, and covers all the urban, rural and coastal reserves around the city including
7665-423: The national average. Today, Geelong stands as an emerging healthcare, education and advanced manufacturing centre. The city's economy is shifting quickly and despite experiencing the drawbacks of losing much of its heavy manufacturing, it is seeing much growth in other tertiary sectors, positioning itself as one of the leading non-capital Australian cities. It is now Australia's second fastest-growing city. Geelong
7770-541: The new industries. From the 1960s, residential growth spread to the Highton hills in the south and North Geelong following prosperous industries like the gasworks, followed by Grovedale in the 1970s. A number of light industrial areas were also established in Breakwater , Moolap and South Geelong . Changing cargo-handling methods at the Port of Geelong left woolstores in inner Geelong unused, redevelopment beginning in
7875-522: The north shore of Corio Bay, where the first Aboriginal death at the hands of a European in Victoria occurred. The next European visit to the area was by the explorers Hamilton Hume and William Hovell . They reached the northern edge of Corio Bay – the area of Port Phillip that Geelong now fronts – on 16 December 1824, and it was at this time they reported that the Aboriginals called the area Corayo ,
7980-691: The original name was Warren's Chain of Ponds. Two early hotels – the Victoria Inn (1845–60) and the Waurn Ponds Inn (1856) were located on the Princes Highway serving travellers on the road. The Albert and Victoria vineyards, owned by David Pettavel, began growing grapes in 1848 and the area was better known as Pettavel in the 1860s. The Pettavel Post Office opened on 12 January 1865 and remained open until 1952. The Waurn Ponds Post Office opened on 1 December 1871 and closed in 1968. A quarry for limestone
8085-531: The other anguillids, short-finned eels are catadromous : when they reach maturity, they stop feeding and migrate downstream to the sea, then anything up to three or four thousand kilometres to a spawning ground in deep water somewhere in the Coral Sea off New Caledonia . The larvae recruit from the sea as small adults when they lack colour and are transparent-giving them the name "glass eel". Tropical species have year-round recruitment, whereas temperate species such as
8190-404: The party led by John Helder Wedge and was later pardoned by Lieutenant-Governor Sir George Arthur , and subsequently given the position of interpreter to the natives. In March 1836, three squatters , David Fisher, James Strachan , and George Russell, arrived on Caledonia and settled the area. Geelong was first surveyed by Assistant Surveyor W. H. Smythe three weeks after Melbourne, and
8295-599: The projects. G21 developed 'The Geelong Region Plan - a sustainable growth strategy' Archived 4 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine which was launched by Premier Brumby in 2007. It was the approved strategic plan for the Geelong region. In addition, major projects such as the Geelong Ring Road Connections and duplication of the Princes Highway West obtained funding due to the combined efforts of
8400-652: The public in November 2015. The new addition to Geelong offers new research facilities, display areas and hosts Geelong's extensive heritage, modern and Indigenous. The new library was awarded the Sir Zelman Cowen Award for Public Architecture in 2016. Currently Geelong is undergoing a major revival effort, the Green Spine Project. The Green Spine project will connect Johnstone Park to the Botanic Gardens by
8505-547: The region's municipalities. As at May 2017, a further 13 Priority Projects are planned for the Geelong region. The Victoria Government announced the relocation of the Transport Accident Commission headquarters from Melbourne to Geelong in October 2006, which created 850 jobs and an annual economic benefit over $ 59 million to the Geelong region. The construction of the $ 80-million Brougham Street headquarters
8610-472: The shores of Corio Bay in what is now the inner city. Development later spread to the south towards the Barwon River, and the hill of Newtown and Geelong West . Major development south of the river in Belmont did not start until the 1920s, stimulated by the construction of a new bridge over the river in 1926, and the extension of the Geelong tramway system in 1927. Industrial areas were traditionally located on
8715-410: The short-finned eel have strong seasonal recruitment. Recent evidence that has utilised analytical microchemical techniques in eel otoliths has suggested that eels are facultatively catadromous rather than obligatory. Discrete populations of ocean and estuarine residents exist, that very rarely enter freshwater. The leptocephalus ("narrow head" larvae), drift on the ocean currents (off Australia,
8820-453: The site of the area of present-day Fyansford . Fyans arranged the first muster of the Indigenous population and 275 Aboriginal people were found to be living in the area. Fyans distributed blankets, sugar and flour to these people but soon ordered his soldiers to "click their triggers" at them when a lack of blankets caused anger. Fyans constructed a breakwater to improve the water supply to
8925-501: The suburb, linking the area to Torquay and Anglesea . Pioneer Road links the region west to Grovedale , the road not being completed eastward across the Waurn Ponds Creek until the mid-1990s. Public transport to the area is provided by buses operated by CDC Geelong and McHarry's Buslines , under contract to Public Transport Victoria . Routes to the Geelong city centre originate and terminate at Deakin University. The Geelong V/Line rail service , to and from Geelong and Melbourne ,
9030-494: The sustainability of aquaculture of these eels is controlling reproduction and larval development. Culture conditions have a skewed male sex ratio from a small body size. This size difference between sexes is seen in eels housed within a tank. Males are smaller than females and some size difference extends 3g-270g. Many fisheries therefore concentrate on females, except for the Lake Ellesmere (New Zealand) fishery which consists of
9135-672: The thousands of kilometres of waterways that drain inland eastern Australia. A. australis is the most widely distributed longitudinally of the Anguillid eels, where its larvae can be found just south of Fiji to the north-west of Australia in the Southern Equatorial Current region (14.5–21°S, 154–179.5°E). During their life cycle however, eels migrate over huge distances to spawn. They are carnivorous, and ferocious predators, eating crustaceans , fish, frogs, birds, snakes, and Australian native water rats ( rakali ). Like
9240-400: The underside is pale, often silvery, and the fins greenish. When full grown, they reach about 90 cm. The short-finned eel has a typical regeneration time of 15 to 30 years for females and it reaches a maximum size of about 1.1 m and 3 kg. Males tend to be slower growing and reach a smaller adult size. Anguillid eels are undifferentiated gonochoristic fish. This means that the sex of
9345-680: The volcanic plains to the north of Geelong extend to the Brisbane Ranges and the You Yangs . Soils vary from sandy loam, basalt plains, and river loam to rich volcanic soils, suitable for intensive farming , grazing , forestry , and viticulture . Many materials used to construct buildings were quarried from Geelong, such as bluestone from the You Yangs and sandstone from the Brisbane Ranges. A small number of brown coal deposits exist in
9450-533: The water and travelling short distances over moist ground. They are well-suited to this task, being able to absorb some of the oxygen they need through the skin. It is only when they reach about 30 cm (12 in) in length that they hit puberty and it is only then that their sex, which depends on population density, is determined. In an area with many eels, they tend to turn into males, whereas further upstream, where there are fewer eels, they are more likely to become female. Eventually, they take up residence in
9555-573: The west of the current suburb between the Princes Highway and the Geelong-Warrnambool railway line was shifted from the locality of Mount Duneed to Waurn Ponds. The Waurn Ponds Tennis Club located on 20 Belperroud Road off Waurn Ponds Drive, is a successful tennis club which has junior and senior competitions in the Tennis Geelong Competition. The Waurn Ponds Cricket Club located on Waurn Ponds Drive, access from Deakin University
9660-415: The world, having an annual growth rate of 6.9%. The worldwide production of Anguillid eels from aquaculture is estimated to be 242 000 t per annum with a value of $ US 1 billion. Chinese eel aquaculture production has increased dramatically over the last 10 years, now accounting for 75% of the total annual world production, and relies on the demand of the Japanese market. Techniques for artificial breeding of
9765-656: Was appointed with Mr Jack Harriott been the Chair. A re dedication service was held with a plaque listing the Waurn Ponds W.W.1 Servicemen unveiled. In 2000, another two plaques were added with additional Waurn Ponds Servicemen who served in World War One and another plaque honouring the Waurn Ponds Servicemen and Servicewomen who served in the Second World War. Today there are plaques acknowledging those that served in
9870-545: Was completed in August 2014, and increased the total area of the centre to 47,000 square metres. There are over 160 different shops. The Geelong Homemaker Centre, located on the Colac Road (Princes Highway) at the intersection and Pigdons Road, opened in mid-2005. It includes Bunnings Warehouse and Harvey Norman stores, as well as a number of smaller stores, such as Supercheap Auto , Beacon Lighting, Snooze, Ray's Outdoors and, most recently, JB-Hi-Fi. Waurn Ponds Plaza, located at
9975-404: Was completed in late 2008. In November 2008, Ford Australia announced that its Australian-designed I6 engine would be re-engineered to meet the latest emissions regulations, and that consequently the engine manufacturing plant would be upgraded (however, all manufacturing of motor vehicles in Geelong and elsewhere throughout Australia ceased by 2017). A change to the city skyline is occurring with
10080-420: Was derived from the local Wadawurrung name for the region, Djilang , thought to mean "land", "cliffs" or "tongue of land or peninsula". The area was first surveyed by the European settlers in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne. During the 1850s Victorian gold rush , Geelong experienced a brief boom as the main port to the goldfields of central Victoria. The town then diversified into manufacturing, and during
10185-716: Was established in 1861, and the HM Prison Geelong built using convict labour, was opened in 1864. In 1866, Graham Berry started a newspaper, the Geelong Register , as a rival to the established Geelong Advertiser . When this proved unsuccessful, he bought the Advertiser and made himself editor of the now-merged papers. Using the paper as a platform, he was elected for Geelong West in 1869. In 1877, he switched to Geelong, which he represented until 1886, and served as Victorian Premier in 1875, 1877–1880, and 1880–1881. On
10290-667: Was established in 1986 and currently has senior men's team and junior sides. The Club is in the Geelong Cricket Association. Deakin Ducks Football Club is an amateur soccer club based at the Deakin University Elite Sports Precinct . Waurn Ponds is located on the Princes Highway that links the suburb with the centre of Geelong . It is also the southern endpoint of the Geelong Ring Road , completed in 2009. Anglesea Road heads south through
10395-505: Was extended to the new Waurn Ponds railway station , situated in Sugargum Drive, in 2014. The new station was named Grovedale in the planning stages, despite being physically located in Waurn Ponds, but the official name of Waurn Ponds was announced in July 2014. An earlier extension of Geelong line rail services in the direction of Waurn Ponds had been considered when funding was set aside for
10500-483: Was first held in 1872, and Victoria's first long-distance telephone call was made from Geelong to Queenscliff on 8 January 1878, only one year after the invention of the device itself. Geelong was also the home of a prosperous wine industry until the emergence of the sap-sucking insect Phylloxera vastatrix at Fyansford in 1875, which led to the Victorian Government ordering the destruction of all vines in
10605-455: Was gazetted as a town on 10 October 1838. There was already a church, hotel, store, wool store, and 82 houses, and the town population was 545. By 1841, the first wool had been sent to England and a regular steamer service was running between Geelong and Melbourne. Captain Foster Fyans was commissioned as the local Police Magistrate in 1837 and established himself on the Barwon River at
10710-514: Was named after the Waurn chain of ponds, a watercourse that flows from Mount Moriac over 30 km into the Barwon River . 'Waurn' meaning "place of many houses" in reference to aboriginal stone houses in the Wathaurong language, though there is no evidence of this outside of Mr Pascoes book. It is thought that the name derives from an Aboriginal word meaning camp, although another authority states that
10815-518: Was nominated as the inaugural Mayor of the Geelong Town Council and renowned fly fishing author Alfred Ronalds engraved the town seal. An early settler of Geelong, Alexander Thomson , for which the area of Thomson in Geelong East is named, settled on the Barwon River, and was Mayor of Geelong on five occasions from 1850 to 1858. Gold was discovered in nearby Ballarat in 1851, causing
10920-461: Was opened in the 1840s, with quarrying continuing from 1964 to today at the nearby Blue Circle Southern cement works. Kilns for making mortar lime operated until the 1970s. The Waurn Ponds Memorial Reserve (Formally Waurn Ponds Avenue of Honour) is located on the Corner of Cochranes Road and Waurn Ponds Drive, Waurn Ponds. The Avenue of Honour was planted in July 1919, by the residents of Waurn Ponds as
11025-545: Was under way in 2007. Major projects include the $ 150-million Westfield Geelong expansion works, involving a flyover of Yarra Street, the city's first Big W store, and an additional 70 new speciality stores; the $ 37-million Deakin Waterfront campus redevelopment, and the $ 23-million Deakin Medical School; the $ 50-million Edgewater apartment development on the waterfront; a number of multimillion-dollar office developments in
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