Misplaced Pages

#674325

97-593: In 1967, Dave Smith , a research librarian based at UCLA , began compiling a bibliography on Walt Disney with the official consent and cooperation of Walt Disney Productions (now The Walt Disney Company). Smith spent more than a year researching the bibliography and company officials were impressed with the result. In October 1969, Walt Disney Productions requested Smith's services as an archival consultant. Company co-founder and brother of Walt Disney, Roy O. Disney , wanted to catalog and preserve his brother's records, awards, and other memorabilia. Smith's first assignment

194-582: A Disney Legend (2007). In 2015, the Archives led a restoration of Walt Disney's offices on the third floor of the animation building on the Walt Disney Studio lot. All the materials and assets Dave Smith catalogued in 1969 were placed back in their original space in Suite 3H. The offices are open as a permanent exhibit for Disney employees and studio guests, as well as a stop on the official D23-sponsored tours of

291-519: A 10- to 15-percent distribution fee. The two companies attempted to reach a new agreement for ten months and failed on January 26, 2001, July 26, 2002, April 22, 2003, January 16, 2004, July 22, 2004, and January 14, 2005. The proposed distribution deal meant Pixar would control production and own the resulting story, character, and sequel rights, while Disney would own the right of first refusal to distribute any sequels. Pixar also wanted to finance its own films and collect 100 percent profit, paying Disney

388-557: A 20- acre site in Emeryville, California , formerly occupied by Del Monte Foods , Inc. The first of several buildings, the high-tech structure designed by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson has special foundations and electricity generators to ensure continued film production, even through major earthquakes . The character of the building is intended to abstractly recall Emeryville's industrial past. The two-story steel-and-masonry building

485-514: A 2023 interview, Pixar's president Jim Morris stated that one of the reasons why their films have expensive budgets is because they are produced entirely in the U.S. with all of the artists under one roof, while almost all of their competitors keep costs down by doing work offshore. As of September 2022, six Pixar films have received or will receive sequels or prequels. These films are Toy Story , Cars , Monsters, Inc. , Finding Nemo , The Incredibles , and Inside Out . Toy Story 2

582-515: A box office comeback by early August 2023, crossing $ 400 million at the worldwide box office. Disney's EVP of Theatrical Distribution Tony Chambers stated "After a disappointing opening weekend, we're really pleased that audiences have discovered what a great movie it is." That same month, Morris said "at the box office we're looking at now, [the film] should do better than break even theatrically. And then we have revenue from streaming , theme parks and consumer products . This will certainly be

679-528: A chance (based on his own experience negotiating with Iger in summer 2005 for the rights to ABC shows for the fifth-generation iPod Classic ), and in turn, Iger convinced them of the sincerity of his feeling that Disney needed to re-focus on animation. Lasseter and Catmull's oversight of both the Disney Feature Animation and Pixar studios did not mean that the two studios were merging, however. In fact, additional conditions were laid out as part of

776-510: A child and, having lived in Southern California, visited Disneyland Park frequently—even attending the park's annual Grad Nite event when he was a high school senior. Smith met Walt Disney once at Disneyland and asked Disney for his autograph. Disney politely declined (he didn't want to attract attention to himself) and told Smith to write to the studio and request an autograph. Smith did as requested and received an autographed card in

873-467: A computer-animated feature became feasible according to Moore's law . At the time, Walt Disney Studios made the decision to develop more efficient ways of producing animation. They reached out to Graphics Group at Lucasfilm and to Digital Productions . Because of the Graphics Group's deeper understanding of animation, and Smith's experience with paint programs at NYIT, it convinced Disney they were

970-481: A consulting role until then. Pete Docter was announced as Lasseter's replacement as chief creative officer of Pixar on June 19, 2018. On June 15, 2018, Incredibles 2 was released, setting a record for widest opening weekend worldwide and domestic for an animated film. The film would eventually gross $ 1.2 billion worldwide. On October 23, 2018, it was announced that Catmull would be retiring. He stayed in an adviser role until July 2019. On January 18, 2019, it

1067-458: A deal with General Motors which fell through three days before signing the contracts. Jobs, who had been edged out of Apple in 1985, was now founder and CEO of the new computer company NeXT . On February 3, 1986, he paid $ 5 million of his own money to George Lucas for technology rights and invested $ 5 million cash as capital into the company, joining the board of directors as chairman. In 1985 while still at Lucasfilm, they had made

SECTION 10

#1732852265675

1164-527: A deal with the Japanese publisher Shogakukan to make a computer-animated movie called Monkey , based on the Monkey King . The project continued sometime after they became a separate company in 1986, but it became clear that the technology was not sufficiently advanced. The computers were not powerful enough and the budget would be too high. As a result, they focused on the computer hardware business for years until

1261-403: A domestic opening of $ 154 million, the third highest for an animated film, and the biggest global opening for an animated movie with $ 294 million. Since then the film broke multiple box office records. It had the highest second weekend gross for an animated film with $ 100 million, being the first to reach the 6 digit second opening weekend. It became the fastest animated movie to reach $ 1 billion at

1358-506: A dumpster at the studio. Smith was also known to frequent swap meets and antique malls looking for historic Disney material the company didn't yet have samples of. When the department was established in 1970, the Archives was located in the casting building at the Walt Disney Studio in Burbank, California. In 1976, the Archives moved to the Roy O. Disney Building. The Archives now has its main offices in

1455-434: A financial analysis that confirmed that Disney had actually lost money on animation for the past decade, then presented that information to the board of directors at his first board meeting after being promoted from COO to CEO, and the board, in turn, authorized him to explore the possibility of a deal with Pixar. Lasseter and Catmull were wary when the topic of Disney buying Pixar first came up, but Jobs asked them to give Iger

1552-575: A great company." After a lengthy hiatus, negotiations between the two companies resumed following the departure of Eisner from Disney in September 2005. In preparation for potential fallout between Pixar and Disney, Jobs announced in late 2004 that Pixar would no longer release movies at the Disney-dictated November time frame, but during the more lucrative early summer months. This would also allow Pixar to release DVDs for its major releases during

1649-451: A historic $ 26 million deal with Disney to produce three computer-animated feature films, the first of which was Toy Story (1995), the product of the technological limitations that challenged CGI. By then the software programmers working on RenderMan and IceMan, and Lasseter's animation department, which made television commercials (and four Luxo Jr. shorts for Sesame Street the same year), were all that remained of Pixar. Despite

1746-403: A hit, and confirming that Disney would distribute it for the 1995 Christmas season, he decided to give Pixar another chance. Also for the first time, he took an active leadership role in the company and made himself CEO. Toy Story grossed more than $ 373 million worldwide and, when Pixar held its initial public offering on November 29, 1995, it exceeded Netscape 's as the biggest IPO of

1843-463: A job at his studio, six employees moved to Lucasfilm . During the following months, they gradually resigned from CGL, found temporary jobs for about a year to avoid making Schure suspicious, and joined the Graphics Group at Lucasfilm. The Graphics Group, which was one-third of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm, was launched in 1979 with the hiring of Catmull from NYIT, where he was in charge of

1940-468: A leave of absence from UCLA and his first Disney assignment was cataloguing and photographing Walt Disney's offices, which had been left relatively untouched since Disney died in 1966. Smith completed his work in December 1969 and wrote out a proposal for the establishment of a corporate archive for Disney—piggybacking off of company co-founder (and brother of Walt Disney) Roy O. Disney 's desire to preserve

2037-559: A place on the Disney board of directors. After the deal closed in May 2006, Lasseter revealed that Iger had felt that Disney needed to buy Pixar while watching a parade at the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland in September 2005. Iger noticed that of all the Disney characters in the parade, none were characters that Disney had created within the last ten years since all the newer ones had been created by Pixar. Upon returning to Burbank, Iger commissioned

SECTION 20

#1732852265675

2134-408: A process somewhat like peer review , as opposed to the traditional Hollywood approach of an "executive-driven studio" in which directors are micromanaged through "mandatory notes" from development executives outranking the producers. According to Catmull, it evolved out of the working relationship between Lasseter, Andrew Stanton , Pete Docter , Lee Unkrich , and Joe Ranft on Toy Story . As

2231-531: A profitable film for the Disney company." In December 2023, it was announced that Soul , Turning Red and Luca would be released in theaters in the United States in the first quarter of 2024. In January 2024, it was reported that Pixar's staff would face imminent layoffs by 20 percent, reducing the studio's workforce to less than 1,000 employees. However, the layoffs were then delayed and did not occur, reportedly because of production schedules. In May 2024,

2328-408: A proposal for the establishment of a corporate archive for the entire organization. After six months of deliberation and meetings with company management, the proposal was accepted by Roy O. Disney and he hired Smith full time on June 22, 1970, as Disney's first archivist. The Walt Disney Archives was the first corporate archive for a major entertainment company. "Roy [Disney] was greatly interested in

2425-738: A restaurant visit in 1981, but when interviewing them he got four different versions about the origin of the name. In 1982, the Pixar team began working on special-effects film sequences with Industrial Light & Magic . After years of research, and key milestones such as the Genesis Effect in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and the Stained Glass Knight in Young Sherlock Holmes , the group, which then numbered 40 individuals,

2522-545: A result of the success of Toy Story , Pixar built a new studio at the Emeryville campus which was designed by PWP Landscape Architecture and opened in November 2000. Pixar and Disney had disagreements over the production of Toy Story 2 . Originally intended as a direct-to-video release (and thus not part of Pixar's three-picture deal), the film was eventually upgraded to a theatrical release during production. Pixar demanded that

2619-404: A subsidiary of his Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatres company (PTT), which was founded in 1977. Only one major project was made out of the new studio, an animated Christmas special for NBC starring Chuck E. Cheese and other PTT mascots; known as "Chuck E. Cheese: The Christmas That Almost Wasn't". The animation movement would be made using tweening instead of traditional cel animation. After

2716-667: A technician at his other company Atari , which Bushnell sold to Warner Communications in 1976 to focus on PTT. PTT would later go bankrupt in 1984 and be acquired by ShowBiz Pizza Place . In 1986, the newly independent Pixar was headed by President Edwin Catmull and Executive Vice President Alvy Ray Smith . Lucas's search for investors led to an offer from Steve Jobs , which Lucas initially found too low. He eventually accepted after determining it impossible to find other investors. At that point, Smith and Catmull had been declined by 35 venture capitalists and ten large corporations, including

2813-569: Is a collaborative space with many pathways. The digital revolution in filmmaking was driven by applied mathematics , including computational physics and geometry . In 2008, this led Pixar senior scientist Tony DeRose to offer to host the second Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival at the Emeryville campus. Some of Pixar's first animators were former cel animators including John Lasseter, and others came from computer animation or were fresh college graduates. A large number of animators that make up its animation department had been hired around

2910-490: Is currently the highest grossing animated film of all time. Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards , 10 Golden Globe Awards , and 11 Grammy Awards , along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments . Since its inauguration in 2001, eleven Pixar films have won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , including Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009),

3007-456: The CSS Virginia and USS Monitor ironclad warships as well as Jack Benny . While at UCLA in 1967, with approval of Walt Disney Productions (now The Walt Disney Company), Smith began compiling a bibliography on Walt Disney , which he spent more than a year researching. The company was impressed with Smith's skills and requested his services as an archival consultant in 1969. Smith took

Walt Disney Archives - Misplaced Pages Continue

3104-612: The Christmas shopping season . An added benefit of delaying Cars from November 4, 2005, to June 9, 2006, was to extend the time frame remaining on the Pixar-Disney contract, to see how things would play out between the two companies. Pending the Disney acquisition of Pixar, the two companies created a distribution deal for the intended 2007 release of Ratatouille , to ensure that if the acquisition failed, this one film would be released through Disney's distribution channels. In contrast to

3201-453: The Frank G. Wells Building (where it has been since 1997), as well as several warehouses in close proximity used to store many of the Archives' historic assets. As of 2023, the Archives employs 42 people. Smith retired in 2010 and Rebecca Cline, a longtime Archives employee, succeeded him as Archives director. Though Smith continued as a consultant and was named chief archivist emeritus, as well as

3298-579: The Lucasfilm computer division. It was known as the Graphics Group before its spin-off as a corporation in 1986, with funding from Apple co-founder Steve Jobs who became its majority shareholder . Disney announced its acquisition of Pixar in January 2006, and completed it in May 2006. Pixar is best known for its feature films , technologically powered by RenderMan , the company's own implementation of

3395-525: The Venice Film Festival . The physical award was ceremoniously handed to Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas . Pixar got its start in 1974, when New York Institute of Technology 's (NYIT) founder, Alexander Schure , who was also the owner of a traditional animation studio, established the Computer Graphics Lab (CGL) and recruited computer scientists who shared his ambitions about creating

3492-474: The video game crash of 1983 , Bushnell started selling some subsidiaries of PTT to keep the business afloat. Sente Technologies (another division, was founded to have games distributed in PTT stores) was sold to Bally Games and Kadabrascope was sold to Lucasfilm. The Kadabrascope assets were combined with the Computer Division of Lucasfilm. Coincidentally, one of Steve Jobs 's first jobs was under Bushnell in 1973 as

3589-408: The 10- to 15-percent distribution fee. In addition, as part of any distribution agreement with Disney, Pixar demanded control over films already in production under the old agreement, including The Incredibles (2004) and Cars (2006). Disney considered these conditions unacceptable, but Pixar would not concede. Disagreements between Steve Jobs and Disney chairman and CEO Michael Eisner caused

3686-451: The 1990s and 2000s, Pixar gradually developed the "Pixar Braintrust", the studio's primary creative development process, in which all of its directors, writers, and lead storyboard artists regularly examine each other's projects and give very candid "notes", the industry term for constructive criticism . The Braintrust operates under a philosophy of a "filmmaker-driven studio", in which creatives help each other move their films forward through

3783-653: The Archives may take possession of the acquired company's archival assets, if any exist. In 2019, for example, 20th Century Fox was brought into Disney, and the Archives assimilated the assets and personnel from the Fox Archive. However, entities like Lucasfilm and Pixar still maintain their own archival collections at their respective facilities. And some homegrown Disney divisions like Walt Disney Animation Studios and Walt Disney Imagineering also keep their own archival research libraries (mainly for historic art assets like concept art and animation drawings), but partner with

3880-599: The Computer Graphics Lab. He was then reunited with Smith, who also made the journey from NYIT to Lucasfilm, and was made the director of the Graphics Group. At NYIT, the researchers pioneered many of the CG foundation techniques — in particular, the invention of the alpha channel by Catmull and Smith. Over the next several years, the CGL would produce a few frames of an experimental film called The Works . After moving to Lucasfilm,

3977-653: The Disney Studio. in 2022, the Archives announced a restoration of Walt Disney's Grumman private plane (N234MM, "The Mouse"). The exterior was finished first and the plane was displayed at the 2022 D23 Expo event in Anaheim, California . The plane is now on an extended loan to the Palm Springs Air Museum , where it is currently on public display. The museum is currently working to restore the plane's interior. As other studios and companies have been acquired by Disney,

Walt Disney Archives - Misplaced Pages Continue

4074-602: The Disney resorts around the world, as well as on the Disney Cruise Line and at the D23 Expo —delivering presentations to both guests and employees on Disney history. On June 24, 2010, 40 years after he began work at Disney, Smith retired. After retirement, he continued to work for Disney as a consultant. Dave Smith died on February 15, 2019, in Pasadena, California. Remarking on Smith's death, Disney CEO Bob Iger said, "He

4171-407: The Pixar brand. In June 2023, Disney laid off 75 employees including the director of Lightyear Angus MacLane , and the film's producer Galyn Susman. During that same month, Elemental was released. During the film's opening weekend, Docter stated that Pixar "trained audiences that these films will be available for you on Disney+". Despite opening below projections, Elemental ultimately made

4268-537: The Principal Creative Adviser at Walt Disney Imagineering , which designs and builds the company's theme parks . Catmull retained his position as President of Pixar, while also becoming President of Walt Disney Animation Studios, reporting to Iger and Dick Cook , chairman of the Walt Disney Studios . Jobs's position as Pixar's chairman and chief executive officer was abolished, and instead, he took

4365-633: The Walt Disney Archives on projects. Dave Smith (archivist) David Rollin Smith (October 13, 1940 – February 15, 2019) was the founder and chief archivist of the Walt Disney Archives , the corporate archive of The Walt Disney Company . Smith was born on October 13, 1940, and raised in Pasadena, California —the son of librarians and educators. He appreciated Disney movies as

4462-509: The Witch from Brave (2012). Additionally, Pixar is known for their films having expensive budgets, ranging from $ 150–200 million. Some of these films include Ratatouille (2007), Toy Story 3 (2010), Toy Story 4 (2019), Incredibles 2 (2018), Inside Out (2015), Inside Out 2 (2024), The Good Dinosaur (2015), the aforementioned Onward and Soul , Turning Red , Lightyear (both 2022), and Elemental (2023). In

4559-438: The acquisition was completed on May 5, 2006. The transaction catapulted Jobs, who owned 49.65% of total share interest in Pixar, to Disney's largest individual shareholder with 7%, valued at $ 3.9 billion, and a new seat on its board of directors. Jobs' new Disney holdings exceeded holdings belonging to Eisner, the previous top shareholder, who still held 1.7%; and Disney Director Emeritus Roy E. Disney , who held almost 1% of

4656-452: The aforementioned Toy Story 3 and Toy Story 4 , Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), and Soul (2020). Toy Story 3 and Up were also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture . In February 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter , Brad Bird , Pete Docter , Andrew Stanton , and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement by

4753-405: The company's history. After six months of deliberation, the proposal was accepted and Smith joined the company full time on June 22, 1970, as Disney's first archivist. Over the next 40 years, Smith and the archives staff steadily grew the collection to include company files, a library of books, movie props, costumes, artwork, pieces of Disney Park attractions, and more. Between 1980 and 2001, Smith

4850-522: The company's history. Employees were initially asked to consult with Smith prior to doing any document destruction or clearing out of materials until Smith established protocols from the company to follow—as employees at first didn't understand the value of preserving certain items. As such, Smith initially found many important artifacts in strange places. For example, Smith discovered the snow globe of St. Paul's Cathedral used in Mary Poppins (1964) in

4947-501: The computer graphics industry's largest convention. However, the Image Computer had inadequate sales which threatened to end the company as financial losses grew. Jobs increased investment in exchange for an increased stake, reducing the proportion of management and employee ownership until eventually, his total investment of $ 50 million gave him control of the entire company. In 1989, Lasseter's growing animation department which

SECTION 50

#1732852265675

5044-458: The core, Lasseter said, "it's gotta be about the growth of the main character and how he changes." Actor John Ratzenberger , who had previously starred in the television series Cheers (1982–1993), has voiced a character in every Pixar feature film from Toy Story through Onward (2020). A non-speaking background character in Soul (2020) bears his likeness. Pixar paid tribute to Ratzenberger in

5141-450: The corporation's shares. Pixar shareholders received 2.3 shares of Disney common stock for each share of Pixar common stock redeemed. As part of the deal, John Lasseter, by then Executive Vice President, became Chief Creative Officer (reporting directly to president and CEO Bob Iger and consulting with Disney Director Roy E. Disney) of both Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios (including its division Disneytoon Studios ), as well as

5238-557: The day-to-day running of the studio facilities and products. After a few years, Lasseter and Catmull were able to successfully transfer the basic principles of the Pixar Braintrust to Disney Animation, although meetings of the Disney Story Trust are reportedly "more polite" than those of the Pixar Braintrust. Catmull later explained that after the merger, to maintain the studios' separate identities and cultures (notwithstanding

5335-610: The deal to ensure that Pixar remained a separate entity , a concern that analysts had expressed about the Disney deal. Some of those conditions were that Pixar HR policies would remain intact, including the lack of employment contracts. Also, the Pixar name was guaranteed to continue, and the studio would remain in its current Emeryville, California , location with the "Pixar" sign. Finally, branding of films made post-merger would be "Disney•Pixar" (beginning with Cars ). Jim Morris , producer of WALL-E (2008), became general manager of Pixar. In this new position, Morris took charge of

5432-413: The earlier Pixar deal, Ratatouille was meant to remain a Pixar property and Disney would have received a distribution fee. The completion of Disney's Pixar acquisition, however, nullified this distribution arrangement. After extended negotiations, Disney ultimately agreed on January 24, 2006, to buy Pixar for approximately $ 7.4 billion in an all-stock deal . Following Pixar shareholder approval,

5529-479: The end credits of Cars (2006) by parodying scenes from three of its earlier films ( Toy Story , Monsters, Inc. , and A Bug's Life ), replacing all of the characters with motor vehicle versions of them and giving each film an automotive-based title. After the third scene, Mack (his character in Cars ) realizes that the same actor has been voicing characters in every film. Due to the traditions that have occurred within

5626-503: The fact of common ownership and common senior management), he and Lasseter "drew a hard line" that each studio was solely responsible for its own projects and would not be allowed to borrow personnel from or lend tasks out to the other. The rule ensures that each studio maintains "local ownership" of projects and can be proud of its own work. Thus for example, when Pixar had issues with Ratatouille and Disney Animation had issues with Bolt (2008), "nobody bailed them out" and each studio

5723-411: The film then be counted toward the three-picture agreement, but Disney refused. Though profitable for both, Pixar later complained that the arrangement was not equitable. Pixar was responsible for creation and production, while Disney handled marketing and distribution. Profits and production costs were split equally, but Disney exclusively owned all story, character, and sequel rights and also collected

5820-518: The films and shorts such as anthropomorphic creatures and objects, and easter egg crossovers between films and shorts that have been spotted by Pixar fans, a blog post titled The Pixar Theory was published in 2013 by Jon Negroni, and popularized by the YouTube channel Super Carlin Brothers, proposing that all of the characters within the Pixar universe were related, surrounding Boo from Monsters Inc. and

5917-448: The first animated streaming film to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature . Pixar's next two features, Luca and Turning Red , were also released free on Disney+ in June 2021 and March 2022, respectively. In 2021, several Pixar employees anonymously criticized Disney's decision to release their films direct to Disney+. Lightyear , Pixar's first movie to return to theaters

SECTION 60

#1732852265675

6014-437: The first film was still some years away, and they needed to focus on a proper product until then. Eventually, they decided they should be a hardware company in the meantime, with their Pixar Image Computer as the core product, a system primarily sold to governmental, scientific, and medical markets. They also used SGI computers. In 1983, Nolan Bushnell founded a new computer-guided animation studio called Kadabrascope as

6111-460: The global box office, reaching the milestone in 17 days. It also out-grossed Incredibles 2 to become the highest grossing Pixar film globally. When Steve Jobs , chief executive officer of Apple Inc. and Pixar, and John Lasseter , then-executive vice president of Pixar, decided to move their studios from a leased space in Point Richmond, California , to larger quarters of their own, they chose

6208-411: The income from these projects, the company still continued to lose money and Steve Jobs, as chairman of the board and now owner, often considered selling it. As late as 1994, Jobs contemplated selling Pixar to other companies such as Hallmark Cards , Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen , and Oracle CEO and co-founder Larry Ellison . After learning from New York critics that Toy Story would probably be

6305-498: The industry-standard RenderMan Interface Specification image-rendering API . The studio's mascot is Luxo Jr. , a desk lamp from the studio's 1986 short film of the same name . Pixar has produced 28 feature films , starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Inside Out 2 (2024). The studio has also produced many short films . As of July 2023 , its feature films have earned over $ 15 billion at

6402-552: The launch of Disney+ , Pixar debuted SparkShorts , experimental shorts done by Pixar staff. Pixar released Onward on March 6, 2020. However, due to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic , the film underperformed at the box office and was released onto rental digital services on March 20, and later on Disney+ on April 3. Due to the pandemic, Soul was moved to November 2020, and ultimately released on December 25, 2020, on Disney+ at no additional cost to subscribers, and later became

6499-455: The layoff of 30 employees in the company's computer hardware department—including the company's president, Chuck Kolstad, reduced the total number of employees to just 42, approximately its original number. On March 6, 1991, Steve Jobs bought the company from its employees and became the full owner. He contemplated folding it into NeXT, but the NeXT's co-founders refused. A few months later Pixar made

6596-714: The mail. Smith graduated from UC Berkeley with a BA in history and a master's degree in library science. Once graduated, Smith spent time working in the manuscript department at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California . He then spent a year and a half as an intern at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C ., and then moved back to California and worked as a research librarian at UCLA for five years. While at UCLA, he authored several bibliographies, including ones on

6693-427: The negotiations to cease in 2004, with Disney forming Circle Seven Animation and Jobs declaring that Pixar was actively seeking partners other than Disney. Despite this announcement and several talks with Warner Bros. , Sony Pictures , and 20th Century Fox , Pixar did not enter negotiations with other distributors, although a Warner Bros. spokesperson told CNN , "We would love to be in business with Pixar. They are

6790-463: The next few years, a designer suggested naming a new digital compositing computer the "Picture Maker". Smith suggested that the laser-based device have a catchier name, and came up with "Pixer", which after a meeting was changed to "Pixar". According to Michael Rubin , the author of Droidmaker: George Lucas and the Digital Revolution , Smith and three other employees came up with the name during

6887-513: The official company encyclopedia, as well as The Ultimate Disney Trivia Books . He also wrote short pieces and columns in publications like Starlog , Manuscripts , American Archivist , and The California Historical Quarterly . Smith's "Ask Dave" article was printed in Disney Magazine and Disney Channel Magazine , and continued online on the D23 website and Disney Insider when the magazine

6984-419: The open market for Macintosh and Windows systems. RenderMan is one of the leading 3D packages of the early 1990s, and Typestry is a special-purpose 3D text renderer that competed with RayDream. During this period of time, Pixar continued its successful relationship with Walt Disney Feature Animation , a studio whose corporate parent would ultimately become its most important partner. As 1991 began, however,

7081-464: The release of Return of the Jedi , they knew he would most likely sell the whole Graphics Group. Worried that the employees would be lost to them if that happened, which would prevent the creation of the first computer-animated movie, they concluded that the best way to keep the team together was to turn the group into an independent company. But Moore's Law also suggested that sufficient computing power for

7178-552: The releases of A Bug's Life (1998), Monsters, Inc. (2001), and Finding Nemo (2003). The success of Toy Story (1995) made Pixar the first major computer-animation studio to successfully produce theatrical feature films. The majority of the animation industry was (and still is) located in Los Angeles, and Pixar is located 350 miles (560 km) north in the San Francisco Bay Area . Traditional hand-drawn animation

7275-412: The resources the group needed but contributing to NYIT's financial difficulties. Eventually, the group realized they needed to work in a real film studio to reach their goal. Francis Ford Coppola then invited Smith to his house for a three-day media conference, where Coppola and George Lucas shared their visions for the future of digital moviemaking. When Lucas approached the group and offered them

7372-473: The right choice. In May 1986 Pixar signed a contract with Disney, who eventually bought and used the Pixar Image Computer and custom software written by Pixar as part of its Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) project, to migrate the laborious ink and paint part of the 2D animation process to a more automated method. The company's first feature film to be released using this new animation method

7469-413: The studio proceeded with slightly smaller layoffs: 175 employees or approximately 14 percent of the studio's workforce of over 1,300 employees. The layoffs occurred as the studio began to rely less on direct-to-streaming series and more on feature films intended primarily for theatrical exhibition. On June 14 of the same year, Inside Out 2 was released and became financially successful. The film had

7566-460: The team worked on creating the precursor to RenderMan , called REYES (for "renders everything you ever saw"), and developed several critical technologies for CG — including particle effects and various animation tools. John Lasseter was hired to the Lucasfilm team for a week in late 1983 with the title "interface designer"; he animated the short film The Adventures of André & Wally B. In

7663-489: The work of the Archives, even asking me to compile the Disney family history for him," Smith said. "I was thrilled to work alongside Roy for two years before his untimely passing in 1971." Over the next four decades, Smith (and eventually a small team of archivists) collected and catalogued millions of items from the company's past. Originally working alone, Smith scoured the Disney Studio and Disneyland Park to find historic records, materials, and other tangible assets related to

7760-457: The world's first computer-animated film. Edwin Catmull and Malcolm Blanchard were the first to be hired and were soon joined by Alvy Ray Smith and David DiFrancesco some months later, who were the four original members of the Computer Graphics Lab, located in a converted two-story garage acquired from the former Vanderbilt - Whitney estate. Schure invested significant funds into the computer graphics lab, approximately $ 15 million, providing

7857-413: The worldwide box office with an average gross of $ 589 million per film. Toy Story 3 (2010), Finding Dory (2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), Toy Story 4 (2019) and the aforementioned Inside Out 2 all grossed over $ 1 billion and are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time . Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time . Inside Out 2

7954-489: The year. In its first half-hour of trading, Pixar stock shot from $ 22 to $ 45, delaying trading because of unmatched buy orders. Shares climbed to US$ 49 and closed the day at $ 39. The company continued to make the television commercials during the production of Toy Story , which came to an end on July 9, 1996, when Pixar announced they would shut down its television commercial unit, which counted 18 employees, to focus on longer projects and interactive entertainment. During

8051-409: Was The Rescuers Down Under (1990). In a bid to drive sales of the system and increase the company's capital, Jobs suggested releasing the product to the mainstream market. Pixar employee John Lasseter, who had long been working on not-for-profit short demonstration animations, such as Luxo Jr. (1986) to show off the device's capabilities, premiered his creations to great fanfare at SIGGRAPH ,

8148-461: Was announced that Lee Unkrich would be leaving Pixar after 25 years. On June 21, 2019, Toy Story 4 was released, surpassing the widest opening worldwide weekend record that Incredibles 2 set. The film would make over $ 1 billion and win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. During the 2019 D23 Expo , Pixar announced that their next film, Soul , would release in 2020. Ahead of

8245-483: Was cataloguing and photographing Walt Disney's studio offices, which had been left relatively untouched since Disney died in December 1966. Smith completed his work on the Walt Disney offices in December 1969 – cataloguing over 2,200 assets (from office furniture to paper clips) and taking hundreds of pictures. Realizing that it would be impossible to separate the history of Disney the man from his company, Smith wrote out

8342-418: Was closed down to refocus Pixar's efforts at its main headquarters. In November 2014, Morris was promoted to president of Pixar, while his counterpart at Disney Animation, general manager Andrew Millstein, was also promoted to president of that studio. Both continued to report to Catmull, who retained the title of president of both Disney Animation and Pixar. On November 21, 2017, Lasseter announced that he

8439-414: Was designed so that traditional animators would require a minimum amount of training before becoming productive. In a 2007 interview with PBS talk show host Tavis Smiley , Lasseter said that Pixar's films follow the same theme of self-improvement as the company itself has: with the help of friends or family, a character ventures out into the real world and learns to appreciate his friends and family. At

8536-472: Was discontinued in 2001. *posthumous release Pixar Pixar Animation Studios , known simply as Pixar ( / ˈ p ɪ k s ɑːr / ), is an American animation studio based in Emeryville, California , known for its critically and commercially successful computer-animated feature films. Pixar is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios , a division of Disney Entertainment , a segment of The Walt Disney Company . Pixar started in 1979 as part of

8633-592: Was given a window on Main Street, U.S.A. in Disneyland Park posthumously for his contributions to the preservation of the park's history. The window is located above the entrance of the Fortuosity Shop. Smith wrote and co-wrote many books on Disney history, including Disney A to Z ,

8730-514: Was originally composed of just four people (Lasseter, Bill Reeves , Eben Ostby , and Sam Leffler ), was turned into a division that produced computer-animated commercials for outside companies. In April 1990, Pixar sold its hardware division, including all proprietary hardware technology and imaging software, to Vicom Systems, and transferred 18 of Pixar's approximately 100 employees. In the same year Pixar moved from San Rafael to Richmond, California . Pixar released some of its software tools on

8827-410: Was released in June 2022. The film became a box-office failure with Deadline Hollywood calculating the film lost the studio $ 106 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues. In September 2022, Jonas Rivera was promoted to Executive VP of Film Production at Pixar overseeing all film and streaming production. In December 2022, Disney CEO Bob Iger noted that they would rely more on

8924-402: Was required "to solve the problem on its own" despite knowing that there were personnel at the other studio who theoretically could have helped. On April 20, 2010, Pixar opened Pixar Canada in the downtown area of Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada. The roughly 2,000 square meters studio produced seven short films based on Toy Story and Cars characters. In October 2013, the studio

9021-481: Was spun out as a corporation in February 1986 by Catmull and Smith. Among the 38 remaining employees were Malcolm Blanchard, David DiFrancesco, Ralph Guggenheim , and Bill Reeves, who had been part of the team since the days of NYIT. Tom Duff , also an NYIT member, would later join Pixar after its formation. With Lucas's 1983 divorce, which coincided with the sudden dropoff in revenues from Star Wars licenses following

9118-409: Was still the dominant medium for feature animated films. With the scarcity of Los Angeles-based animators willing to move their families so far north to give up traditional animation and try computer animation, Pixar's new hires at this time either came directly from college or had worked outside feature animation. For those who had traditional animation skills, the Pixar animation software Marionette

9215-408: Was taking a six-month leave of absence after acknowledging what he called "missteps" in his behavior with employees in a memo to staff. According to The Hollywood Reporter and The Washington Post , Lasseter had a history of alleged sexual misconduct towards employees. On June 8, 2018, it was announced that Lasseter would leave Disney Animation and Pixar at the end of the year, but would take on

9312-684: Was the executive director of the Manuscript Society. He was also a member of the Society of California Archivists. In 2007, Smith received the Disney Legend Award, an honor given to people who have made significant contributions to The Walt Disney Company. According to Disney fans and historians, Smith was regarded as the final authority on the topic of Disney history. Smith was a Disney fan favorite and would often make appearances, sign books, and give lectures at fan events. He also traveled to

9409-466: Was the unsung hero of Disney's history who, as our first archivist, spent 40 years rescuing countless documents and artifacts from obscurity, investing endless hours restoring and preserving these priceless pieces of our legacy, and putting them in context to tell our story. Dave was a true Disney Legend, and we are indebted to him for building such an enduring, tangible connection to our past that continues to inspire our future." On January 24, 2022, Smith

#674325