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86-1492: Coordinates : 37°07′45″N 73°37′07″E / 37.129240°N 73.618680°E / 37.129240; 73.618680 [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Wakhan District" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( December 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) District in Badakhshan, Afghanistan Wakhan واخان District [REDACTED] Mountains in Wakhan [REDACTED] The location of Wakhan District within Badakhshan Province Coordinates: 37°07′45″N 73°37′07″E / 37.129240°N 73.618680°E / 37.129240; 73.618680 Country [REDACTED] Afghanistan Province Badakhshan Village numbers 112 Capital Khandud Government • Governor Nasratullah Nayel Area • Total 11,258 km (4,347 sq mi) Population • Total 16,873 Wakhan District
172-502: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
258-456: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
344-432: A $ 100 reward. Difficulty in finding enough dating videos led to a change of plans, with the site's founders deciding to accept uploads of any video. YouTube began as a venture capital –funded technology startup . Between November 2005 and April 2006, the company raised money from various investors, with Sequoia Capital and Artis Capital Management being the largest two. YouTube's early headquarters were situated above
430-753: A British think tank, found that harassment against women was flourishing on YouTube. In his 2022 book Like, Comment, Subscribe: Inside YouTube's Chaotic Rise to World Domination , Bloomberg reporter Mark Bergen said that many female content creators were dealing with harassment, bullying, and stalking. YouTube has been criticized for using an algorithm that gives great prominence to videos that promote conspiracy theories, falsehoods and incendiary fringe discourse. According to an investigation by The Wall Street Journal , "YouTube's recommendations often lead users to channels that feature conspiracy theories, partisan viewpoints and misleading videos, even when those users haven't shown interest in such content. When users show
516-405: A claim by The Daily Dot that the views had been deleted due to a violation of the site's terms of service, which ban the use of automated processes to inflate view counts. This was disputed by Billboard , which said that the two billion views had been moved to Vevo, since the videos were no longer active on YouTube. On August 5, 2015, YouTube patched the formerly notorious behavior which caused
602-431: A database. When a video is uploaded, it is checked against the database, and flags the video as a copyright violation if a match is found. When this occurs, the content owner has the choice of blocking the video to make it unviewable, tracking the viewing statistics of the video, or adding advertisements to the video. An independent test in 2009 uploaded multiple versions of the same song to YouTube and concluded that while
688-547: A dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco . Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen remarked that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible". Karim said the inspiration for YouTube came from the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy , when Janet Jackson 's breast
774-570: A lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006, after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube subsequently changed its website to www.utubeonline.com . On October 9, 2006, Google announced that they had acquired YouTube for $ 1.65 billion in Google stock. The deal was finalized on November 13, 2006. Google's acquisition launched newfound interest in video-sharing sites; IAC , which now owned Vimeo, focused on supporting
860-897: A major lawsuit by Viacom International in 2011 that nearly resulted in the discontinuation of the website. The lawsuit was filed as a result of alleged copyright infringement of Viacom's material by YouTube. However, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that YouTube was not liable, and thus YouTube won the case in 2012. Susan Wojcicki was appointed CEO of YouTube in February 2014. In January 2016, YouTube expanded its headquarters in San Bruno by purchasing an office park for $ 215 million. The complex has 51,468 square metres (554,000 square feet) of space and can house up to 2,800 employees. YouTube officially launched
946-525: A media watchdog group, reported that homophobic and transphobic content calling LGBT people "predators" and "groomers" was becoming more common on YouTube. The report also referred to common accusations in YouTube videos that LGBT people are mentally ill . The report stated the content appeared to be in violation of YouTube's hate speech policy. An August 2022 report by the Center for Countering Digital Hate ,
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#17328515552721032-549: A new office in San Bruno, California . Hurley announced that he would be stepping down as chief executive officer of YouTube to take an advisory role and that Salar Kamangar would take over as head of the company in October 2010. In December 2009, YouTube partnered with Vevo . In April 2010, Lady Gaga's " Bad Romance " became the most viewed video , becoming the first video to reach 200 million views on May 9, 2010. YouTube faced
1118-469: A paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube incorporated Google's AdSense program, generating more revenue for both YouTube and approved content creators. In 2023, YouTube's advertising revenue totaled $ 31.7 billion, a 2% increase from the $ 31.1 billion reported in 2022. From Q4 2023 to Q3 2024, YouTube's combined revenue from advertising and subscriptions exceeded $ 50 billion. Since its purchase by Google, YouTube has expanded beyond
1204-509: A pizzeria and a Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California . In February 2005, the company activated www.youtube.com . The first video was uploaded on April 23, 2005. Titled " Me at the zoo ", it shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo and can still be viewed on the site. The same day, the company launched a public beta and by November, a Nike ad featuring Ronaldinho became
1290-588: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
1376-425: A political bias in what they choose to view, YouTube typically recommends videos that echo those biases, often with more-extreme viewpoints." After YouTube drew controversy for giving top billing to videos promoting falsehoods and conspiracy when people made breaking-news queries during the 2017 Las Vegas shooting , YouTube changed its algorithm to give greater prominence to mainstream media sources. In 2017, it
1462-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
1548-472: A set of community guidelines aimed to reduce abuse of the site's features. The uploading of videos containing defamation, pornography, and material encouraging criminal conduct is forbidden by YouTube's "Community Guidelines". Generally prohibited material includes sexually explicit content, videos of animal abuse, shock videos , content uploaded without the copyright holder's consent, hate speech, spam, and predatory behavior. YouTube relies on its users to flag
1634-496: A short-form video platform. During this period, YouTube entered disputes with other tech companies. For over a year, in 2018 and 2019, no YouTube app was available for Amazon Fire products. In 2020, Roku removed the YouTube TV app from its streaming store after the two companies were unable to reach an agreement. After testing earlier in 2021, YouTube removed public display of dislike counts on videos in November 2021, claiming
1720-509: A skit " Lazy Sunday " by The Lonely Island . Besides helping to bolster ratings and long-term viewership for Saturday Night Live , "Lazy Sunday"'s status as an early viral video helped establish YouTube as an important website. Unofficial uploads of the skit to YouTube drew in more than five million collective views by February 2006 before they were removed when NBCUniversal requested it two months later based on copyright concerns. Despite eventually being taken down, these duplicate uploads of
1806-465: A system for automatic detection of uploaded videos that infringe copyright. Google CEO Eric Schmidt regarded this system as necessary for resolving lawsuits such as the one from Viacom , which alleged that YouTube profited from content that it did not have the right to distribute. The system, which was initially called "Video Identification" and later became known as Content ID, creates an ID File for copyrighted audio and video material, and stores it in
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#17328515552721892-591: A third app oriented towards streaming and discovering the music content hosted on the YouTube platform. The company also attempted to create products appealing to specific viewers. YouTube released a mobile app known as YouTube Kids in 2015, designed to provide an experience optimized for children. It features a simplified user interface, curated selections of channels featuring age-appropriate content, and parental control features. Also in 2015, YouTube launched YouTube Gaming—a video gaming -oriented vertical and app for videos and live streaming, intended to compete with
1978-599: A video's view count to freeze at "301" (later "301+") until the actual count was verified to prevent view count fraud . YouTube view counts once again updated in real time. Since September 2019, subscriber counts are abbreviated. Only three leading digits of channels' subscriber counts are indicated publicly, compromising the function of third-party real-time indicators such as that of Social Blade . Exact counts remain available to channel operators inside YouTube Studio. On November 11, 2021, after testing out this change in March of
2064-535: A view and just over 85% of them have fewer than 1,000 views. YouTube has faced numerous challenges and criticisms in its attempts to deal with copyright, including the site's first viral video, Lazy Sunday , which had to be taken down, due to copyright concerns. At the time of uploading a video, YouTube users are shown a message asking them not to violate copyright laws. Despite this advice, many unauthorized clips of copyrighted material remain on YouTube. YouTube does not view videos before they are posted online, and it
2150-412: A year and a half later, on August 9, 2024. In late October 2023, YouTube began cracking down on the use of ad blockers on the platform. Users of ad blockers may be given a pop-up warning saying "Video player will be blocked after 3 videos". Users of ad blockers are shown a message asking them to allow ads or inviting them to subscribe to the ad-free YouTube Premium subscription plan. YouTube says that
2236-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
2322-475: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
2408-519: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
2494-544: Is an American social media and online video sharing platform owned by Google . YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen , Chad Hurley , and Jawed Karim , three former employees of PayPal . Headquartered in San Bruno, California , United States, it is the second-most visited website in the world, after Google Search . In January 2024, YouTube had more than 2.7 billion monthly active users , who collectively watched more than one billion hours of videos every day. As of May 2019 , videos were being uploaded to
2580-411: Is different from Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms
2666-452: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
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2752-565: Is left to copyright holders to issue a DMCA takedown notice pursuant to the terms of the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act . Any successful complaint about copyright infringement results in a YouTube copyright strike . Three successful complaints for copyright infringement against a user account will result in the account and all of its uploaded videos being deleted. From 2007 to 2009 organizations including Viacom , Mediaset , and
2838-763: Is one of the 28 districts of Badakhshan province in eastern Afghanistan . The district has a border with neighboring Tajikistan in the north, Xinjiang in China to the east, and Pakistan to the south (specifically Gilgit-Baltistan and Chitral District ). See also [ edit ] Afghanistan–China border Wakhan Wakhan Corridor References [ edit ] Notes [ edit ] ^ Dari and Tajik : ولسوالی واخان Wuluswālī-i-Wākhān ; Pashto : واخان ولسوالۍ Wākhān Wələswālai ; Kyrgyz : ﯞاحان رايونۇ Wahan raionu Citations [ edit ] External links [ edit ] Food and non-food items were given to
2924-637: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. YouTube video (identifier) YouTube
3010-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
3096-495: The Amazon.com -owned Twitch . The company was attacked on April 3, 2018, when a shooting occurred at YouTube's headquarters in San Bruno, California, which wounded four and resulted in the death of the shooter. By February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube videos were being watched every day, and 400 hours worth of videos were uploaded every minute. Two years later, the uploads had risen to more than 500 hours per minute. During
3182-614: The COVID-19 pandemic , when most of the world was under stay-at-home orders , usage of services like YouTube significantly increased. One data firm estimated that YouTube was accounting for 15% of all internet traffic , twice its pre-pandemic level. In response to EU officials requesting that such services reduce bandwidth as to make sure medical entities had sufficient bandwidth to share information, YouTube and Netflix stated they would reduce streaming quality for at least thirty days as to cut bandwidth use of their services by 25% to comply with
3268-471: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
3354-465: The "polymer" redesign of its user interfaces based on Material Design language as its default, as well a redesigned logo that is built around the service's play button emblem in August 2017. Through this period, YouTube tried several new ways to generate revenue beyond advertisements. In 2013, YouTube launched a pilot program for content providers to offer premium, subscription-based channels. This effort
3440-515: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
3526-512: The EU's request. YouTube later announced that they would continue with this move worldwide: "We continue to work closely with governments and network operators around the globe to do our part to minimize stress on the system during this unprecedented situation." Following a 2018 complaint alleging violations of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), the company was fined $ 170 million by
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3612-499: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
3698-565: The English Premier League have filed lawsuits against YouTube, claiming that it has done too little to prevent the uploading of copyrighted material. In August 2008, a US court ruled in Lenz v. Universal Music Corp. that copyright holders cannot order the removal of an online file without first determining whether the posting reflected fair use of the material. YouTube's owner Google announced in November 2015 that they would help cover
3784-708: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
3870-609: The FTC for collecting personal information from minors under the age of 13. YouTube was also ordered to create systems to increase children's privacy. Following criticisms of its implementation of those systems, YouTube started treating all videos designated as "made for kids" as liable under COPPA on January 6, 2020. Joining the YouTube Kids app, the company created a supervised mode, designed more for tweens , in 2021. Additionally, to compete with TikTok , YouTube released YouTube Shorts ,
3956-524: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
4042-520: The announcement, software developer Dmitry Selivanov created Return YouTube Dislike, an open-source , third-party browser extension for Chrome and Firefox that allows users to see a video's number of dislikes. In a letter published on January 25, 2022, by then YouTube CEO Susan Wojcicki , acknowledged that removing public dislike counts was a controversial decision, but reiterated that she stands by this decision, claiming that "it reduced dislike attacks." In 2022, YouTube launched an experiment where
4128-528: The basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for
4214-566: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
4300-460: The company again changed its interface and at the same time, introduced a new logo with a darker shade of red. A subsequent interface change, designed to unify the experience across desktop, TV, and mobile, was rolled out in 2013. By that point, more than 100 hours were being uploaded every minute, increasing to 300 hours by November 2014. During this time, the company also went through some organizational changes. In October 2006, YouTube moved to
4386-400: The company simplified its interface to increase the time users would spend on the site. In 2011, more than three billion videos were being watched each day with 48 hours of new videos uploaded every minute. However, most of these views came from a relatively small number of videos; according to a software engineer at that time, 30% of videos accounted for 99% of views on the site. That year,
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#17328515552724472-544: The company was bought by eBay . Hurley had studied design at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania , and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign . According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at
4558-672: The company would show users who watched longer videos on TVs a long chain of short un-skippable adverts, intending to consolidate all ads into the beginning of a video. Following public outrage over the unprecedented amount of un-skippable ads, YouTube "ended" the experiment on September 19 of that year. In October, YouTube announced that they would be rolling out customizable user handles in addition to channel names, which would also become channel URLs. On February 16, 2023, Wojcicki announced that she would step down as CEO, with Neal Mohan named as her successor. Wojcicki took on an advisory role for Google and parent company Alphabet . Wojcicki died
4644-424: The content creators to distinguish itself from YouTube. It is at this time YouTube issued the slogan "Broadcast Yourself". The company experienced rapid growth. The Daily Telegraph wrote that in 2007, YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. By 2010, the company had reached a market share of around 43% and more than 14 billion views of videos, according to comScore . That year,
4730-573: The content of videos as inappropriate, and a YouTube employee will view a flagged video to determine whether it violates the site's guidelines. Despite the guidelines,YouTube has faced criticism over aspects of its operations, its recommendation algorithms perpetuating videos that promote conspiracy theories and falsehoods, hosting videos ostensibly targeting children but containing violent or sexually suggestive content involving popular characters , videos of minors attracting pedophilic activities in their comment sections, and fluctuating policies on
4816-756: The core website into mobile apps , network television, and the ability to link with other platforms. Video categories on YouTube include music videos , video clips , news , short and feature films , songs , documentaries , movie trailers , teasers , TV spots , live streams , vlogs , and more. Most content is generated by individuals , including collaborations between " YouTubers " and corporate sponsors. Established media, news, and entertainment corporations have also created and expanded their visibility to YouTube channels in order to reach greater audiences. YouTube has had unprecedented social impact , influencing popular culture, internet trends, and creating multimillionaire celebrities. Despite its growth and success,
4902-613: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
4988-519: The dispute was resolved. Since April 2016, videos continue to be monetized while the dispute is in progress, and the money goes to whoever won the dispute. Should the uploader want to monetize the video again, they may remove the disputed audio in the "Video Manager". YouTube has cited the effectiveness of Content ID as one of the reasons why the site's rules were modified in December 2010 to allow some users to upload videos of unlimited length. YouTube has
5074-483: The dispute with GEMA was resolved, with Google content ID being used to allow advertisements to be added to videos with content protected by GEMA. In April 2013, it was reported that Universal Music Group and YouTube have a contractual agreement that prevents content blocked on YouTube by a request from UMG from being restored, even if the uploader of the video files a DMCA counter-notice. As part of YouTube Music, Universal and YouTube signed an agreement in 2017, which
5160-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
5246-490: The existing Google Play Music service. The service continued to evolve in 2015 when YouTube announced YouTube Red , a new premium service that would offer ad-free access to all content on the platform (succeeding the Music Key service released the previous year), premium original series, and films produced by YouTube personalities, as well as background playback of content on mobile devices. YouTube also released YouTube Music ,
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#17328515552725332-564: The first video to reach one million total views. The site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was receiving 8 million views a day. Clips at the time were limited to 100 megabytes, as little as 30 seconds of footage. YouTube was not the first video-sharing site on the Internet; Vimeo was launched in November 2004, though that site remained a side project of its developers from CollegeHumor . The week of YouTube's launch, NBC-Universal's Saturday Night Live ran
5418-468: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
5504-717: The job. Controversial moderation decisions have included material relating to Holocaust denial , the Hillsborough disaster , Anthony Bourdain 's death, and the Notre-Dame fire . In July 2008, the Culture and Media Committee of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom stated that it was "unimpressed" with YouTube's system for policing its videos, and argued that "proactive review of content should be standard practice for sites hosting user-generated content". In June 2022, Media Matters ,
5590-579: The legal cost in select cases where they believe fair use defenses apply. In the 2011 case of Smith v. Summit Entertainment LLC , professional singer Matt Smith sued Summit Entertainment for the wrongful use of copyright takedown notices on YouTube. He asserted seven causes of action , and four were ruled in Smith's favor. In April 2012, a court in Hamburg ruled that YouTube could be held responsible for copyrighted material posted by its users. On November 1, 2016,
5676-749: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
5762-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
5848-579: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
5934-460: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
6020-492: The platform at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute, and as of 2023 , there were approximately 14 billion videos in total. On the 9th of October 2006, YouTube was purchased by Google for $ 1.65 billion (equivalent to $ 2.31 billion in 2023). Google expanded YouTube's business model of generating revenue from advertisements alone, to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by and for YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium ,
6106-450: The platform has been criticized for its facilitation of the spread of misinformation and copyrighted content , routinely violating its users' privacy , excessive censorship , endangering the safety of children and their well-being , and for its inconsistent implementation of platform guidelines. YouTube was founded by Steve Chen , Chad Hurley , and Jawed Karim . The trio were early employees of PayPal , which left them enriched after
6192-447: The reason for the removal was, based on its internal research, that users often used the dislike feature as a form of cyberbullying and brigading . While some users praised the move as a way to discourage trolls , others felt that hiding dislikes would make it harder for viewers to recognize clickbait or unhelpful videos and that other features already existed for creators to limit bullying. YouTube co-founder Jawed Karim referred to
6278-14502: The residents of Wakhan district of Badakhshan province on YouTube ( Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA Pashto)) The visit of the head of Badakhshan culture information to Wakhan on YouTube (RTA Dari) Prisoners of the Afghan Pamir on YouTube Afghanistan: In the Wakhan Corridor - The roads of the impossible on YouTube v t e Badakhshan Province Capital : Fayzabad Districts Arghanj Khwa Argo Baharak Darayim Fayzabad Ishkashim Jurm Khash Khwahan Kishim Kohistan Kuf Ab Kuran wa Munjan Maimay Nusay Raghistan Shahri Buzurg Shekay Shighnan Shuhada Tagab Tishkan Wakhan Wurduj Yaftali Sufla Yamgan Yawan Zebak [REDACTED] Populated places Ab Daw Ab Gaj Altan Jalab Ambaran Amrud Amurn Andowj Angat Anjuman Anjuman-i-Khurd Ao Barik Arakht Arghandakan Artin Jelow Arun Ashnam Ba Khersak Bagh-e Sangak Baharak Baharestan Bakharow Bariki Baryavan Basenj Bashanabad Bay Malasi Baza'i Gonbad Bazgir Bed-e Khva Bid Khvah Bid-e Kalan Bid-i Khvah Bostanak Chakaran Chashma-i Tut Chasnud-e `Olya Chasnud-e Sofla Chetgah Chosnukel Darayem Darbandak Darmadar Darmarakh Darreh Javay Darreh-ye Pishkan Deh Gholaman Do Dargeh Dogor Gunt Dowlatabad Drel Dudgah Dugh Ghalat Duraj Durman Eshmorgh Eskan Eskatul Far Ghambowl Farghamiru Farghamu Fayzabad Fotur Gawaki Gaz Khan Ghalil Ghar Javin Gharji Ghonvar Ghowrayd Gharami Ghumay Gonbad-e Pa'in Gowritik Gustaw Guzun Hazrat-e Sa`id Hojm-e Bala Hojm-e Pa'in Howz-e Shah-e Bala Howz-e Shah-e Pa'in Isari Ishkashim Jamarj-e Bala Jarf Jerwu Bala Jerwu Pa'in Jorm Jow Kham Joy-i Saluk Kakan Kalan Eylgah Kalat Kamar Kangurchi Karkat Kashkandyow Kawida Keshem Khal Khan Kham-e Bahar Kham-e Tugh Khandud Khaneh-ye Garmatek Khaneqa Khar Kat-e Bala Kharat Khash Darreh Khashpak Khazget Khengan Khevaj Kheyrabad, Baharak Kheyrabad, Khwahan Khombok Khughaz Khwahan Kowl Darrah Kowri Kulan Kuran wa Munjan Kushgag Lal Margh Langar Laron Lughman Madraseh Madud Magh Nawul Mah-e Now Mashhad Qal`eh-ye Bar Panj Qal`eh-ye Kuf Sarhad-e Broghil Shirin Nazem Buildings and structures Darwaz Airport Fayzabad Airport Eshkashem Airport Karaste Canal Khwahan Airport Razer Airport Sheghnan Airport Tajik–Afghan bridge at Tem-Demogan Tajik–Afghan Friendship Bridge Yawan Airport Other Governors Mirs Kokcha River Wakhan River Panj River Anjuman Pass Wakhan Wakhan Corridor Concord Peak Zorkul Wakhjir Pass 2010 massacre 2012 avalanches Category Commons v t e Districts of Afghanistan by province Badakhshan Arghanj Khwa Argo Baharak Darayim Maimay Nusay Fayzabad Ishkashim Jurm Khash Khwahan Kishim Kohistan Kuf Ab Kuran Wa Munjan Raghistan Shahri Buzurg Shighnan Shekay Shuhada Tagab Tishkan Wakhan Wurduj Yaftali Sufla Yamgan Yawan Zebak Badghis Ab Kamari Jawand Muqur Bala Murghab Qadis Qala i Naw Baghlan Andarab Baghlan Baghlani Jadid Burka Dahana i Ghuri Dih Salah Dushi Farang Wa Gharu Guzargahi Nur Khinjan Khost Wa Fereng Khwaja Hijran Nahrin Puli Hisar Puli Khumri Tala Wa Barfak Balkh Balkh Charbolak Charkint Chimtal Dawlatabad Dihdadi Kaldar Kholm Kishindih Marmul Mazar-e Sharif Nahri Shahi Sholgara Shortepa Zari Bamyan Bamyan Kahmard Panjab Sayghan Shibar Waras Yakawlang Daykundi Ishtarlay Kajran Khadir Kiti Miramor Nili Sangtakht Shahristan Farah Anar Dara Bakwa Bala Buluk Farah Gulistan Khaki Safed Lash Wa Juwayn Pur Chaman Pusht Rod Qala i Kah Shib Koh Faryab Almar Andkhoy Bilchiragh Dawlat Abad Ghormach Gurziwan Khani Chahar Bagh Khwaja Sabz Posh Kohistan Maymana Pashtun Kot Qaramqol Qaysar Qurghan Shirin Tagab Ghazni Ab Band Ajristan Andar Dih Yak Gelan Ghazni Giro Jaghori Jaghatū Khogyani Khwaja Umari Malistan Muqur Nawa Nawur Qarabagh Rashidan Waghaz Zana Khan Ghor Chaghcharan Marghab Charsada Dawlat Yar Du Layna Lal wa Sarjangal Pasaband Saghar Shahrak Taywara Tulak Helmand Baghran Dishu Garmsir Grishk Kajaki Khanashin Lashkargah Musa Qala Nad Ali Nawa-I-Barakzayi Nawzad Sangin Washir Herat Adraskan Chishti Sharif Farsi Ghoryan Gulran Guzara Herat Injil Karukh Kohsan Kushk Kushki Kuhna Obe Pashtun Zarghun Shindand Zinda Jan Jowzjan Aqcha Darzab Fayzabad Khamyab Khaniqa Khwaja Du Koh Mardyan Mingajik Qarqin Qush Tepa Shibirghan Kabul Bagrami Chahar Asyab Deh Sabz Farza Guldara Istalif Kabul Kalakan Khaki Jabbar Mir Bacha Kot Mussahi Paghman Qarabagh Shakardara Surobi Kandahar Arghandab Arghistan Daman Ghorak Kandahar Khakrez Maruf Maiwand Miyanishin Nesh Panjwayi Reg Shah Wali Kot Shorabak Spin Boldak Zhari Kapisa Alasay Hesa Awal Kohistan Hesa Duwum Kohistan Koh Band Mahmud Raqi Nijrab Tagab Khost Bak Gurbuz Zazi Maidan Khost (Matun) Mandozayi Musakhel Nadir Shah Kot Qalandar Sabari Shamal Spera Tani Tirazayi Kunar Asadabad Bar Kunar Chapa Dara Chawkay Dangam Dara-I-Pech Ghaziabad Khas Kunar Marawara Narang Aw Badil Nari Nurgal Shaigal Shultan Sirkanay Wata Pur Kunduz Ali Abad Dasht-e-Archi Chardara Imam Sahib Khan Abad Kunduz Qalay-I-Zal Laghman Alingar Alishing Dawlat Shah Mihtarlam Qarghayi Logar Azra Baraki Barak Charkh Kharwar Khoshi Mohammad Agha Puli Alam Nangarhar Achin Bati Kot Bihsud Chaparhar Darai Nur Dih Bala Dur Baba Goshta Hisarak Jalalabad Kama Khogyani Kot Kuz Kunar Lal Pur Momand Dara Nazyan Pachir Aw Agam Rodat Sherzad Shinwar Surkh Rod Nimruz Chahar Burjak Chakhansur Delaram Kang Khash Rod Zaranj Nuristan Bargi Matal Du Ab Kamdesh Mandol Nurgaram Paroon Wama Waygal Paktia Ahmad Aba Ahmadkhel Dand Aw Patan Gardez Janikhel Said Karam Shwak Tsamkani Zadran Zazi Zurmat Paktika Barmal Dila Gayan Gomal Janikhel Khairkot Mata Khan Nika Omna Sar Hawza Surobi Sharana Terwa Urgun Wazakhwa Wor Mamay Yahyakhel Yusufkhel Zerok Panjshir Anaba Bazarak Darah Khenj Paryan Rokha Shotul Parwan Bagram Chaharikar Ghorband Jabul Saraj Kohi Safi Salang Sayed Khel Shekh Ali Shinwari Surkhi Parsa Samangan Aybak Dara-i Sufi Bala Dara-i Sufi Payin Feroz Nakhchir Hazarati Sultan Khuram Wa Sarbagh Ruyi Du Ab Sar-e Pol Balkhab Gosfandi Kohistanat Sancharak Sari Pul Sayyad Sozma Qala Takhar Baharak Bangi Chah Ab Chal Darqad Dashti Qala Farkhar Hazar Sumuch Ishkamish Kalafgan Khwaja Bahauddin Khwaja Ghar Namak Ab Rustaq Taluqan Warsaj Yangi Qala Uruzgan Chora Deh Rawood Gizab Khas Uruzgan Shahidi Hassas Tarinkot Wardak Chaki Wardak Day Mirdad Hisa-I-Awali Bihsud Jaghatu Jalrez Markazi Bihsud Maidan Shar Nirkh Saydabad Zabul Argahandab Atghar Dey Chopan Kakar Mezana Naw Bahar Qalat Shahjoy Shamulzayi Shinkay Tarnak Aw Jaldak Authority control databases [REDACTED] VIAF Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wakhan_District&oldid=1256694202 " Categories : Districts of Badakhshan Province Wakhan Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles containing Tajik-language text Articles containing Pashto-language text Articles containing Kyrgyz-language text Articles needing additional references from December 2022 All articles needing additional references Articles with short description Short description
6364-507: The same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
6450-563: The same year, YouTube announced it would start hiding dislike counts on videos, making them invisible to viewers. The company stated the decision was in response to experiments which confirmed that smaller YouTube creators were more likely to be targeted in dislike brigading and harassment. Creators will still be able to see the number of likes and dislikes in the YouTube Studio dashboard tool, according to YouTube. YouTube has an estimate 14 billion videos with about 5% of those never having
6536-514: The skit helped popularize YouTube's reach and led to the upload of more third-party content. The site grew rapidly; in July 2006, the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The choice of the name www.youtube.com led to problems for a similarly named website, www.utube.com . That site's owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment , filed
6622-447: The system was "surprisingly resilient" in finding copyright violations in the audio tracks of videos, it was not infallible. The use of Content ID to remove material automatically has led to controversy in some cases, as the videos have not been checked by a human for fair use. If a YouTube user disagrees with a decision by Content ID, it is possible to fill in a form disputing the decision. Before 2016, videos were not monetized until
6708-420: The types of content that is eligible to be monetized with advertising. YouTube contracts companies to hire content moderators, who view content flagged as potentially violating YouTube's content policies and determines if they should be removed. In September 2020, a class-action suit was filed by a former content moderator who reported developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after an 18-month period on
6794-430: The update as "a stupid idea", and that the real reason behind the change was "not a good one, and not one that will be publicly disclosed." He felt that users' ability on a social platform to identify harmful content was essential, saying, "The process works, and there's a name for it: the wisdom of the crowds . The process breaks when the platform interferes with it. Then, the platform invariably declines." Shortly after
6880-447: The use of ad blockers violates its terms of service. In April 2024, YouTube announced it would be "strengthening our enforcement on third-party apps that violate YouTube's Terms of Service, specifically ad-blocking apps". YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, beginning with Chad Hurley , who led the company until 2010. After Google's acquisition of YouTube, the CEO role
6966-548: Was briefly exposed by Justin Timberlake during the halftime show. Karim could not easily find video clips of the incident and the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami online, which led to the idea of a video-sharing site. Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not . They created posts on Craigslist asking attractive women to upload videos of themselves to YouTube in exchange for
7052-507: Was discontinued in January 2018 and relaunched in June, with US$ 4.99 channel subscriptions. These channel subscriptions complemented the existing Super Chat ability, launched in 2017, which allows viewers to donate between $ 1 and $ 500 to have their comment highlighted. In 2014, YouTube announced a subscription service known as "Music Key", which bundled ad-free streaming of music content on YouTube with
7138-411: Was estimated that visitors to YouTube spent an average of 15 minutes a day on the site, in contrast to the four or five hours a day spent by a typical US citizen watching television. In 2017, viewers on average watched YouTube on mobile devices for more than an hour every day. In December 2012, two billion views were removed from the view counts of Universal and Sony music videos on YouTube, prompting
7224-487: Was followed by separate agreements other major labels, which gave the company the right to advertising revenue when its music was played on YouTube. By 2019, creators were having videos taken down or demonetized when Content ID identified even short segments of copyrighted music within a much longer video, with different levels of enforcement depending on the record label. Experts noted that some of these clips said qualified for fair use. In June 2007, YouTube began trials of
7310-862: Was retained. Salar Kamangar took over Hurley's position and kept the job until 2014. He was replaced by Susan Wojcicki , who later resigned in 2023. The current CEO is Neal Mohan , who was appointed on February 16, 2023. YouTube offers different features based on user verification, such as standard or basic features like uploading videos, creating playlists, and using YouTube Music , with limits based on daily activity (verification via phone number or channel history increases feature availability and daily usage limits); intermediate or additional features like longer videos (over 15 minutes), live streaming, custom thumbnails, and creating podcasts; advanced features like content ID appeals, embedding live streams, applying for monetization, clickable links, adding chapters, and pinning comments on videos or posts. In January 2012, it
7396-486: Was revealed that advertisements were being placed on extremist videos, including videos by rape apologists, anti-Semites, and hate preachers who received ad payouts. After firms started to stop advertising on YouTube in the wake of this reporting, YouTube apologized and said that it would give firms greater control over where ads got placed. University of North Carolina professor Zeynep Tufekci has referred to YouTube as "The Great Radicalizer", saying "YouTube may be one of
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