57-494: WLL can refer to: West London line , a railway line in London Misplaced Pages Loves Libraries Wireless local loop With Limited Liability Women's Labour League Working load limit , the maximum load which may be safely applied to a given product or component Written Language and Literacy , a journal of linguistics Topics referred to by
114-551: A complex intersection of track which crosses over the subsurface junction of three District line branches. The planned redevelopment of the site by Capital & Counties Properties envisages demolishing the Exhibition Centre to make way for retail and housing; as part of these plans, the West London line is to be enclosed by a concrete box. Commentators have noted that the proposals make no allowance for any future quadrupling of
171-628: A new east-west cross-London route which uses the Great Western Main Line up to Reading , and crosses the West London line 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) south of Willesden Junction at Old Oak Common. A new station, Old Oak Common railway station , is planned at this site to provide an interchange between the Elizabeth line, the GWML and High Speed 2 . Due to the proximity of Willesden Junction, it has been suggested that an interchange could be added with
228-685: A scheme to realign the routes of both the West London and North London lines around the Old Oak Common site to create a new London Overground interchange station. The proposal envisages diverting the NLL Richmond route to curve around the eastern side of Old Oak Common, and re-routing the WLL to branch west south of the Mitre Bridge before curving north along a short section of the Dudding Hill Line to join
285-523: A time, the West London line formed part of the GWR's Middle Circle route (1872–1905) which ran (clockwise) from Mansion House to Aldgate (originally Moorgate) via Earl's Court , Kensington Olympia, Latimer Road and Baker Street . The West London line was also part of London Underground for a time and operated as a branch of the Metropolitan Railway between Edgware Road and Addison Road. The branch
342-473: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages West London line The West London line (WLL) is a short railway in inner West London that links Willesden Junction in the north to Clapham Junction in the south. The line has always been an important cross-London link, especially for freight services. Southern and London Overground provide regular passenger services; detailed below. From autumn 2024
399-670: Is electrified at 25 kV AC overhead wires from Westway (near the overbridge carrying the Hammersmith and City Line) to Willesden and the North. Until the High Speed 1 railway line from St Pancras opened in November 2007, Eurostar trains from Waterloo International used the West London line to access their North Pole depot . The line was crucial to the planned Regional Eurostar service, and between 1995 and 1997 carried two daily services connecting
456-493: Is nothing without lemon". Mayhew ceased to be joint editor in 1842 and became "suggestor in chief" until he severed his connection in 1845. The magazine initially struggled for readers, except for an 1842 Almanack issue which shocked its creators by selling 90,000 copies. In December 1842 due to financial difficulties, the magazine was sold to Bradbury and Evans , both printers and publishers. Bradbury and Evans capitalised on newly evolving mass printing technologies and also were
513-559: Is recognised as its first woman contributor. In the 1860s and '70s, conservative Punch faced competition from upstart liberal journal Fun , but after about 1874, Fun' s fortunes faded. At Evans's café in London, the two journals had "round tables" in competition with each other. After months of financial difficulty and lack of market success, Punch became a staple for British drawing rooms because of its sophisticated humour and absence of offensive material, especially when viewed against
570-519: The Westminster Review , which published a 53-page illustrated article on Punch's first two volumes. Historian Richard Altick writes that "To judge from the number of references to it in the private letters and memoirs of the 1840s... Punch had become a household word within a year or two of its founding, beginning in the middle class and soon reaching the pinnacle of society, royalty itself". Increasing in readership and popularity throughout
627-559: The English language , including The Crystal Palace , and the " Curate's egg " (first seen in an 1895 cartoon by George du Maurier ). Several British humour classics were first serialised in Punch , such as the Diary of a Nobody and 1066 and All That . Towards the end of the 19th century, the artistic roster included Harry Furniss , Linley Sambourne , Francis Carruthers Gould , and Phil May . Among
SECTION 10
#1732848526157684-605: The Mildmay line (to honour the Mildmay Hospital which treated victims of the HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1980s) and would be coloured blue on the updated network map. In 1966 British Rail launched Motorail , a long-distance accompanied car train which transported passengers and their cars to the West of England and Scotland . The London Motorail terminal was at Kensington (Olympia), using
741-825: The North London , Bakerloo , Watford DC and West London lines. A 2010 Department for Transport command paper highlights opportunities for interchanges at Old Oak Common with London Underground , London Overground and Southern 's cross-London services, while a report prepared by Terry Farrell and Partners for the Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham proposes the construction of an overhead light rail , automated people mover or personal rapid transit system linking "Old Oak Central" [ sic ] with Willesden Junction. However, as of 2013 , no firm proposals exist to create an interchange with these lines. Proposals for Old Oak Common being considered by Transport for London include
798-639: The North London line and the West London section of the London Overground will be merged and named the Mildmay line (to honour the Mildmay Mission Hospital which treated victims of the HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1980s) and will be coloured light blue on the Tube map . The Birmingham, Bristol & Thames Junction Railway was authorised in 1836 to run from the London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR), near
855-477: The Tube Map in 1977 as a white line with black borders marked "British Rail" and electrifying the route from Dalston to Woolwich in 1985. The limited Clapham Junction – Kensington Olympia service appeared in the public timetables, but full passenger services on the West London line were not re-introduced until 1994 by Network SouthEast service. In 1997, as part of the privatisation of British Rail , operation of both
912-540: The West Coast Main Line in the north to the Brighton Main Line in the south. Hourly trains run between East Croydon and Watford Junction , with additional peak services between Shepherd's Bush and Clapham Junction . Southern services pass through Willesden Junction without stopping as the mainline platforms were removed in 1962. However there are plans for these services to stop at Willesden Junction in
969-408: The 1840s and 1850s, when it helped to coin the term " cartoon " in its modern sense as a humorous illustration. Artists at Punch included John Tenniel who, from 1850, was the chief cartoon artist at the magazine for over 50 years. The editors took the anarchic puppet Mr Punch, of Punch and Judy , as their mascot—the character appears in many magazine covers—with the character also an inspiration for
1026-507: The 1920s there was a United Dairies depot on the site of a former dairy farm here, which up until the late 1970s had regular milk train deliveries. The northern section of the line, from Willesden Junction to Kensington Olympia and on to Earls Court, was electrified by the LNWR in 1915. After a period of popularity, passenger usage dwindled on the West London Railway. Competition from
1083-575: The ECML and WCML respectively to Waterloo for international passengers. However the idea was cancelled. Platforms were reinstated at West Brompton in 1999. In 2007, Transport for London took over the North London Railway franchise as the London Overground concession, introducing new rolling stock and rebranding the West London line trains and stations in orange livery. The line appears today on
1140-526: The Tube Map as an orange stripe. New stations opened at Shepherd's Bush in 2008 and Imperial Wharf in 2009, bringing main line rail services to a large catchment area in West London. In July 2023, TFL announced that it would be giving each of the six Overground services unique names by the end of the following year. In February 2024, it was confirmed that the North London / West London section would be named
1197-504: The WLL curves east before turning south towards Shepherd's Bush. Southern services from Watford Junction join the WLL at this junction after branching off from the WCML near Willesden Junction and curving south over a level crossing . [REDACTED] South London line [REDACTED] National Rail The West Cross Route , one side of the Ringway 1 inner ring road , would have paralleled
SECTION 20
#17328485261571254-554: The West Coast Main Line. The NLL and WLL would meet at a point on the southern side of Old Oak Common, adjacent to Wormwood Scrubs , where new interchange platforms would be built. Alternative versions of this scheme also consider cheaper options such as terminating the WLL at Old Oak Common or two separate London Overground stations. The West London line passes beneath the Earls Court Exhibition Centre along
1311-510: The West London line and North London line was brought under the North London Railway franchise, and taken over by National Express , trading as Silverlink . For a decade, the West London line was operated with the green-and-purple liveried Silverlink Metro trains. Channel Tunnel infrastructure work in 1993 electrified the line at 750 V DC third rail from the South to the North Pole depot. The line
1368-525: The West London line for its wide connections to the UK mainline rail network. Motorail ceased operations in 1981. Intercity prior to 1997, and then from 1997 to 2007 Virgin CrossCountry operated a long-distance service between Edinburgh Waverley and Manchester Piccadilly and Brighton , in addition Intercity operated Summer Saturday services Liverpool to Dover Western Docks and Manchester to Eastbourne which use
1425-554: The West London line route to cross from Acton Main Line , stopping at Olympia and passing through Clapham Junction. The CrossCountry franchise was taken over by Arriva CrossCountry and in 2008 the Brighton route was terminated. In 2009, Southern introduced its cross-London service from Milton Keynes to East Croydon. For a brief period, Southern and Connex also operated a direct service from Rugby to Brighton via Gatwick Airport , but this
1482-519: The archives was acquired by the British Library , including the Punch table. The long, oval, Victorian table was brought into the offices some time around 1855, and was used for staff meetings and on other occasions. The wooden surface is scarred with the carved initials of the magazine's long-term writers, artists, and editors, as well as six invited "strangers", including James Thurber and Charles III (then Prince of Wales ). Mark Twain declined
1539-562: The difficulty in securing train paths in the congested West Midlands, and operated only as far as Rugby . With engineering works on the upgrade of the West Coast Main Line, the service was shortened to terminate at Watford, and was discontinued, later revived as a shorter regional route as part of the South Central franchise in 2008. Due to congestion on the West Coast Main Line, the service did not run north of Milton Keynes Central , and in May 2022
1596-420: The end. Whereas the earlier version of Punch prominently featured the clownish character Punchinello (Punch of Punch and Judy ) performing antics on front covers, the resurrected Punch did not use the character, but featured on its weekly covers a photograph of a boxing glove, thus informing its readers that the new magazine intended its name to mean "punch" in the sense of a boxing blow. In 2004, much of
1653-399: The future which will mean building new main line platforms at Willesden Junction. This regional service previously ran from Brighton to Watford Junction. It was originally conceived as a Brighton-Birmingham service, and until December 2008 a twice-daily CrossCountry service ran from Brighton via Kensington (Olympia) and Reading to Birmingham New Street . The service was curtailed due to
1710-562: The invitation, saying that the already-carved initials of William Makepeace Thackeray included his own. Punch was influential throughout the British Empire , and in countries including Turkey, India, Japan, and China, with Punch imitators appearing in Cairo, Yokohama, Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. A Canadian version, Punch in Canada , was launched on 1 January 1849, by John H. Walker (1831–99),
1767-678: The line was called Punch's Railway . An Act in 1859 granted those two companies, with the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR), powers to construct the West London Extension Joint Railway on the filled-in canal south from the Kensington Basin to the bridge under the Kings Road , to bridge the Thames and to connect near Clapham Junction to railways south of
WLL - Misplaced Pages Continue
1824-554: The line. Trains in scheduled passenger services on the West London line are as follows: These are passenger volume statistics for the line from the years beginning April 2002 to April 2022. The large increases in the year beginning April 2006 were due to travelcards for National Rail journeys being made available from stations with London Underground ticket offices, and also using a different methodology to estimate likely journeys made from National Rail stations in Zone 1. The large increases in
1881-541: The magazine's name. With its satire of the contemporary, social, and political scene, Punch became a household name in Victorian Britain. Sales of 40,000 copies a week by 1850 rose above 100,000 by 1910. After the 1940s, when its circulation peaked, it went into a long decline, closing in 1992. It was revived in 1996, but closed again in 2002. Punch was founded on 17 July 1841 by Henry Mayhew and wood-engraver Ebenezer Landells , on an initial investment of £25. It
1938-455: The new deep-level Underground railways and electric tramways took away custom by offering more direct routes into Central London . With the onset of World War II , the West London line was badly hit in some parts by enemy action during the Blitz and the demise of the line was hastened by wartime bombing. In 1940, LMS steam trains from Clapham Junction to Kensington ceased on 20 October and
1995-432: The outstanding cartoonists of the following century were Bernard Partridge , H. M. Bateman , Bernard Hollowood (who also edited the magazine from 1957 to 1968), Kenneth Mahood, and Norman Thelwell . Circulation broke the 100,000 mark around 1910, and peaked in 1947–1948 at 175,000 to 184,000. Sales declined steadily thereafter; ultimately, the magazine was forced to close in 2002 after 161 years of publication. Punch
2052-633: The present Willesden Junction station, across the proposed route of the Great Western (GWR) on the level, to the Kensington Canal Basin. For about twelve years, the railway ran alongside the Kensington Canal, formerly Counter's Creek , a minor tributary of the Thames River until it was filled in, the water course turned into a sewer and the future District line built over it. Construction
2109-531: The publishers for Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray . The term " cartoon " to refer to comic drawings was first used in Punch in 1843, when the Houses of Parliament were to be decorated with murals, and "cartoons" for the mural were displayed for the public; the term "cartoon" then meant a finished preliminary sketch on a large piece of cardboard, or cartone in Italian. Punch humorously appropriated
2166-490: The remainder of the 1840s and '50s, Punch was the success story of a threepenny weekly paper that had become one of the most talked-about and enjoyed periodicals. Punch enjoyed an audience including Elizabeth Barrett , Robert Browning , Thomas Carlyle , Edward FitzGerald , Charlotte Brontë , Queen Victoria , Prince Albert , Ralph Waldo Emerson , Emily Dickinson , Herman Melville , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , and James Russell Lowell . Punch gave several phrases to
2223-451: The rights to the name, and Punch was relaunched later that year. The new version of the magazine was intended to be a spoiler aimed at Private Eye , which had published many items critical of Fayed. Punch never became profitable in its new incarnation, and at the end of May 2002, it was announced as once more ceasing publication. Press reports quoted a loss of £16 million over the six years of publication, with only 6,000 subscribers at
2280-422: The river. The existing line was doubled, and the flat crossing of the GWR main line, where a number of collisions had occurred, was replaced by a flyover. The new line opened on 2 March 1863 with a passenger station at Addison Road (now Kensington (Olympia) ) slightly north of the original Kensington station, and was then well used by various inner London services for the remainder of the nineteenth century. For
2337-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title WLL . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WLL&oldid=1070634915 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
WLL - Misplaced Pages Continue
2394-503: The satirical press of the time. The Times and the Sunday paper News of the World used small pieces from Punch as column fillers, giving the magazine free publicity and indirectly granting a degree of respectability, a privilege not enjoyed by any other comic publication. Punch shared a friendly relationship with not only The Times , but also journals aimed at intellectual audiences such as
2451-652: The services to Willesden and Edgware Road Met electric services ceased on 3 and 20 October respectively. In 1948, the line became part of British Rail , following the nationalisation of the railways , but remained mostly in use as a freight route. For many years, limited passenger trains ran on workday mornings and evenings, to carry workers at the Post Office Savings Bank headquarters, Blythe House , near Olympia from Clapham Junction and back again, but these services were not publicly advertised. Kensington Olympia
2508-890: The term to refer to its political cartoons, and the popularity of the Punch cartoons led to the term's widespread use. Illustrator Archibald Henning designed the cover of the magazine's first issues. The cover design varied in the early years, though Richard Doyle designed what became the magazine's masthead in 1849. Artists who published in Punch during the 1840s and 1850s included John Leech , Doyle, John Tenniel , and Charles Keene . This group became known as "The Punch Brotherhood", which also included Charles Dickens, who joined Bradbury and Evans after leaving Chapman and Hall in 1843. Punch' s authors and artists also contributed to another Bradbury and Evans literary magazine called Once A Week (est. 1859), created in response to Dickens' departure from Household Words . Helen Hoppner Coode contributed nineteen drawings to Punch and
2565-420: The track to increase capacity on the line. Download coordinates as: 51°29′57″N 0°12′42″W / 51.4991°N 0.2116°W / 51.4991; -0.2116 Punch (magazine) Punch, or The London Charivari was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire established in 1841 by Henry Mayhew and wood-engraver Ebenezer Landells . Historically, it was most influential in
2622-456: The year beginning April 2010 were due to increased train frequencies helped by the introduction of new rolling stock. Shepherd's Bush opened 2008 and Imperial Wharf the following year. There was a significant change in methodology for estimating usage of London stations in 2015–16, resulting in large changes in usage numbers for some stations. The Crossrail project instated the Elizabeth line ,
2679-542: Was collected in book formats from the late 19th century, which included Pick of the Punch annuals with cartoons and text features, Punch and the War (a 1941 collection of WWII-related cartoons), and A Big Bowl of Punch – which was republished a number of times. Many Punch cartoonists of the late 20th century published collections of their own, partly based on Punch contributions. In early 1996, businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed bought
2736-571: Was curtailed to Watford Junction. From north to south, to line follows the following route with current and former stations, junctions with other railways and other features: [REDACTED] Bakerloo [REDACTED] North London line [REDACTED] Watford DC line [REDACTED] South London line [REDACTED] National Rail [REDACTED] Bakerloo [REDACTED] North London line [REDACTED] Watford DC line Junction located just south of bridge over Hythe Road;
2793-488: Was delayed by engineering and financial problems. Renamed the West London Railway (WLR) the line officially opened on 27 May 1844, and regular services began on 10 June, but before that trials to demonstrate the potential of the atmospheric railway system had been held from 1840 to 1843 on a half-mile section of track adjacent to Wormwood Scrubs , leased to that system's promoters; The WLR used conventional power but
2850-539: Was eventually closed and the link between the West London line and today's Hammersmith & City line was dismantled in 1930. A branch was installed to allow trains from the former Southern Railway to access to the West Coast Main Line and vice versa: in summer the London Midland and Scottish Railway ran from as far north as Glasgow to the South Coast. Through trains in the steam era changed locomotives here. From
2907-620: Was extended to Clapham Junction via the South London line , linking it to the West London line. Along with the Thameslink and the East London line routes, the West London line presently forms part of the West London Route which is one of three National Rail routes which run across London instead of terminating in the central area. This regional rail service operated by Southern connects
SECTION 50
#17328485261572964-436: Was jointly edited by Mayhew and Mark Lemon . It was subtitled The London Charivari in homage to Charles Philipon 's French satirical humour magazine Le Charivari . Reflecting their satiric and humorous intent, the two editors took for their name and masthead the anarchic glove puppet, Mr. Punch, of Punch and Judy ; the name also referred to a joke made early on about one of the magazine's first editors, Lemon, that " punch
3021-511: Was not a commercial success. After only six months it closed on 30 November 1844. An Act of 1845 authorised the GWR and the L&;BR (which became part of the London and North Western Railway [LNWR] in 1846) to take a joint lease of the WLR. The line was used only to carry coal, and passenger service was not re-introduced. The lack of success of the line became such a regular target of Punch magazine that
3078-421: Was used as late as the 1970s as a location for collecting milk tanks (for the west country) from various terminals in the London area such as Ilford. This activity later transferred to Clapham Junction. Since the 1940s the line has often been used for excursion and other special through trains across London to the South Coast. Between April 1963 and June 1965 the section between Willesden Jn and Kensington Olympia
3135-488: Was used for trains diverted from Euston during the rebuilding of Euston station section. Kensington Olympia station was refurbished accordingly. During 1967 passenger services were diverted from Paddington between Old Oak Common and Kensington Olympia during engineering works at Paddington station. In the late 1970s, the Greater London Council began to revitalise the North London line (NLL), incorporating it onto
3192-531: Was widely emulated worldwide and was popular throughout the British Empire . The experience of Britons in British colonies, especially in India, influenced Punch and its iconography. Tenniel's Punch cartoons of the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny led to a surge in the magazine's popularity. India was frequently caricatured in Punch and was an important source of knowledge on the subcontinent for British readers. Punch material
3249-520: Was withdrawn in 2001. The core operation of the West London line is the metro / commuter rail operated by London Overground. Four trains per hour run between Clapham Junction and Willesden Junction, with most trains continuing on the North London line to and from Stratford . It forms the western section of the Overground's orbital rail route which was completed in December 2012 when the East London line
#156843