August Friedrich Wilhelm von Borries (27 January 1852 in Bad Oeynhausen – 14 February 1906) was one of Germany's most influential railway engineers, who was primarily concerned with developments in steam locomotives .
33-781: Von Borries graduated from the Royal Institute of Trade in Charlottenburg , and then spent a year working at the Bergisch-Märkische railway. In 1875, he joined the service of the Hanover division of the Prussian state railways and subsequently became their Chief Mechanical Engineer . In 1880 he designed the first Prussian compound locomotive , built by Schichau in Elbląg . This showed significant fuel savings. His work on compound locomotives
66-748: A Technische Hochschule , the Königlich Technische Hochschule zu Berlin in 1879 (which later became the Technische Unviersität Berlin ), followed by the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt and the College of the Fine Arts . A new town hall with an 88 m (289 ft) tall spire was erected on the occasion of its 200-year jubilee in 1905 and an opera house opened in 1912. The history of Charlottenburg as
99-537: A fire due to the joint attack on Berlin by Habsburg and Russian troops. Both Alt-Schöneberg and Neu-Schöneberg were in an area developed in the course of industrialization and incorporated in a street network laid out in the Hobrecht-Plan in an area that came to be known architecturally as the Wilhelmine Ring . The two villages were not combined as one entity until 1874 and received town privileges in 1898. In
132-555: A large amusement park at the shore of the Spree river called Flora , that went into bankruptcy in 1904. From the 1860s on the wealthy Bourgeoisie of Berlin discovered Charlottenburg as a residential area, among the first were Gerson von Bleichröder and Ernst Werner von Siemens , who had a villa built in the Berliner Straße in 1862. At the same time industrial companies like Siemens & Halske and Schering erected large factories in
165-674: A municipality in its own right ended with the Greater Berlin Act of 1 October 1920, when the town became a part of Berlin. The Province of Brandenburg was administered in Charlottenburg from 1918 until the province's dissolution in 1946 after World War II . Talaat Pasha , the former Ottoman Empire Minister of the Interior, one of the Three Pashas , and architect of the Armenian genocide ,
198-512: A part of a new borough called Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf . Later, in 2004, the new borough's districts were rearranged, dividing the former borough of Charlottenburg into the localities of Charlottenburg proper, Westend and Charlottenburg-Nord . Charlottenburg is located in Berlin's inner city , west of the Großer Tiergarten park. Its historic core, the former village green of Alt Lietzow,
231-572: A summer residence built there for Sophie Charlotte by the architect Johann Arnold Nering between 1695 and 1699. After he had crowned himself Frederick I, King in Prussia , the Lützenburg castle was extended into a stately building with a cour d'honneur . The Swedish master builder Johann Friedrich Eosander supervised this work. Sophie Charlotte died in February 1705; shortly afterwards the settlement facing
264-446: A textbook on locomotives. This German engineer, inventor or industrial designer biographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Charlottenburg Charlottenburg ( German: [ʃaʁˈlɔtn̩bʊʁk] ) is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf . Established as a town in 1705 and named after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover , Queen consort of Prussia , it
297-558: Is believed that a third medieval settlement on Charlottenburg territory, Glienicke , arose in the area of the present day streets Kantstraße, Fasanenstraße, Kurfürstendamm and Uhlandstraße at the former Gliniker Lake . Unlike Casow and Glienicke, the Lietzow area has been populated continuously and its development is well documented. In the course of the Protestant Reformation , Elector Joachim II Hector of Brandenburg confiscated
330-404: Is best known for Charlottenburg Palace , the largest surviving royal palace in Berlin, and the adjacent museums. Charlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920 when it was incorporated into " Groß-Berlin " (Greater Berlin) and transformed into a borough. In the course of Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was merged with the former borough of Wilmersdorf becoming
363-646: Is situated on the southern shore of the Spree River running through the Berlin glacial valley . The Straße des 17. Juni road, former Charlottenburger Chaussee, which runs eastwards from Charlottenburg Gate through the Tiergarten park to Brandenburg Gate , connects Charlottenburg with the historic centre of Berlin- Mitte . In the north and west, the Berlin Ringbahn and the Bundesautobahn 100 ( Stadtring ) mark
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#1732858493440396-583: The Margraviate of Brandenburg , on the land occupied by present-day Charlottenburg, there were three settlements in the late Middle Ages: the farmsteads Lietzow (pronounced leat-tsow) south of the Spree and Casow (pr. caasow) beyond the river, as well as a further settlement called Glienicke (pr. gleanicke). Although these names are of Slavic origin, the settlements are likely to have had a mixed Slavic and German population. Lietzow (also called Lietze , Lutze , Lutzen , Lütze , Lützow , Lusze and Lucene )
429-582: The Berlin centre of leisure and nightlife. Artists like Alfred Döblin , Otto Dix , Gottfried Benn , Else Lasker-Schüler , Bertolt Brecht , Max Liebermann , Stefan Zweig and Friedrich Hollaender socialized in the legendary Romanisches Café at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church . However the days of the Golden Twenties came to an end with the rise of the Nazi Party . In World War II
462-771: The Rathaus served as the city hall of West Berlin until 1991 when the administration of the reunited City of Berlin moved back to the Rotes Rathaus in Mitte . The area around Nollendorfplatz has been the heart of gay life in Berlin, since the 1920s and early–1930s during the Weimar Republic . The Eldorado nightclub on Motzstraße was closed down by the Nazis on coming to power in December 1932. Holocaust survivor Elsa Conrad co-ran
495-615: The area around the Breitscheidplatz was heavily damaged by air raids and the Battle of Berlin . After 1945 the city was partitioned by the allies and Charlottenburg became part of the British sector during the Cold War . The Kurfürstendamm area quickly regained its importance, as it became the commercial centre of West-Berlin . It was therefore the site of protests and major demonstrations of
528-525: The border with the Charlottenburg-Nord and Westend suburbs. Adjacent in the south is the territory of Wilmersdorf . Charlottenburg also borders on the district of Halensee in the southwest, as well as on Moabit , Hansaviertel and Tiergarten (all part of the Mitte borough) in the east and on Schöneberg in the southeast. Archaeological findings in the area date back to the Neolithic era. Within
561-459: The corner on Nollendorfstraße. This apartment was the basis for his book Goodbye to Berlin (1939) and later the musical Cabaret (1966) and the film Cabaret (1972) and is commemorated by a historic plaque on the building. The locality of Schöneberg includes the neighborhoods (Stadtquartiere) of Bayerisches Viertel (English: “ Bavarian quarter [ de ] ”; an affluent residential area with streets named after Bavarian towns) and
594-401: The crown. The town became a recreational area for the expanding city of Berlin . Its first true inn opened in the 1770s, in the street then called Berliner Straße (now Otto-Suhr-Allee ), and many other inns and beer gardens were to follow, popular for weekend parties especially. Berliners seeking leisure and entertainment came by boat, by carriage and later by horse-drawn trams , above all to
627-573: The favourite royal residence, and remained so for his son and successor Frederick William III (reigned 1797–1840). After the defeat of the Prussian army at Jena in 1806, the French occupied Berlin. Napoleon took over the palace, while his troops made a camp nearby. Charlottenburg became part of the new Prussian Province of Brandenburg in 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars . In the late 18th century, Charlottenburg's development did not depend only on
660-476: The following year it was disentangled from the Kreis of Teltow, and became a Prussian Stadtkreis ( independent city ). Many of the former peasants gained wealth by selling their acres to the settlement companies of growing Berlin and built luxurious mansions on Hauptstraße. The large town hall, Rathaus Schöneberg , was completed in 1914. In 1920, Schöneberg became a part of Greater Berlin . Subsequent to World War II
693-477: The former borough of Tempelhof it is now part of the new borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg . The village was first documented in a 1264 deed issued by Margrave Otto III of Brandenburg . In 1751, Bohemian weavers founded Neu-Schöneberg also known as Böhmisch-Schöneberg along northern Hauptstraße. During the Seven Years' War on 7 October 1760 Schöneberg and its village church were completely destroyed by
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#1732858493440726-466: The late 1960s German student movement , that culminated on 2 June 1967, when student Benno Ohnesorg was shot by a police officer during a demonstration against Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi at the Deutsche Oper . Before the reunification of Berlin, Charlottenburg was the centre of West Berlin , with many high market bars and restaurants. After 1990 German reunification Charlottenburg struggled with
759-446: The lesbian bar Mali und Igel. Inside the bar, was a club called Monbijou des Westens . The club was exclusive and catered for Berlin's lesbian, intellectual elite; one famous guest was the actress Marlene Dietrich . Each year the club hosted balls with up to 600 women in attendance. The painter and printmaker Otto Dix used patrons of this establishment as subjects for some of his works. Christopher Isherwood lived just around
792-827: The monastic estates in 1542 and finally had the nunnery dissolved in 1558. For more than four hundred years, members of the Berendt family were mayors and thus had to pay lower taxes. A village church was first documented in 1541. Ecclesiastically, Lietzow came under the Wilmersdorf parish, the priests reached it from there by the so-called Priesterweg (priest's way), on the line of the streets now called Leibnizstraße, Konstanzer Straße and Brandenburgische Straße. In 1695, Sophia Charlotte of Hanover received Lietzow from her husband, Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg , in exchange for her estates in Caputh and Langerwisch near Potsdam . Frederick had
825-513: The north-east, at the border with the Moabit district of Berlin. In 1877 Charlottenburg received town privileges and until World War I saw an enormous increase of population with 100,000 inhabitants as of 1893 and a population of 306,000 in 1920, being the second largest city within the Province of Brandenburg , after Berlin. In the course of industrialization in the 19th century, much of Charlottenburg
858-440: The palace was called Charlottenburg - the palace itself became Schloss Charlottenburg - and chartered as a town on 5 April 1705. The king served as the town's mayor until the historic village of Lietzow was incorporated into Charlottenburg in 1720. Frederick's successor as king, Frederick William I of Prussia , rarely stayed at the palace, which depressed the small town of Charlottenburg. Frederick William even tried to revoke
891-419: The palace, Charlottenburg is also home to: both located in the former Gardes du Corps barracks at Charlottenburg Palace, built by Friedrich August Stüler 1859 Sch%C3%B6neberg Schöneberg ( German: [ˈʃøːnəˌbɛʁk] ) is a locality of Berlin , Germany. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a separate borough including the locality of Friedenau . Together with
924-485: The rise of the Mitte borough as Berlin's historic centre. The City West is still the main shopping area, offering several major hotels, theatres, bars and restaurants. The area around Charlottenburg's Kantstrasse is Berlin's Chinatown in the West, with a high concentration of Asian shops, gastronomy and inhabitants. It is commonly dubbed Kantonstrasse , in reference to the southern Chinese province of Guangdong . Beside
957-488: The town's privileges. With the coronation of his successor Frederick II in 1740 the town's significance increased, as regular celebrations again took place at the palace. Between 1740 and 1747 Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff built the eastern New Wing as Frederick's residence. Later, Frederick II preferred the palace of Sanssouci , which he had partly designed himself. When Frederick II died in 1786, his nephew Frederick William II succeeded him, and Charlottenburg became
990-607: Was assassinated by Soghomon Tehlirian in Charlottenburg on 15 March 1921. In the 1920s the area around the Kurfürstendamm evolved into the "New West" of Berlin, a development that had already started around 1900 with the opening of the Theater des Westens , the Café des Westens and the Kaufhaus des Westens , followed by several theatres, cinemas, bars and restaurants, which made Charlottenburg
1023-616: Was done in collaboration with the British engineer Thomas William Worsdell and the two men obtained several British patents together. The 1880 locomotive was a two- cylinder compound but, in 1899, he designed a four-cylinder compound locomotive. Another innovation was the use of nickel steel for boilers in 1891. In 1902 he left the Prussian state railways and took a professorship of Railway Engineering at Königlich Technische Hochschule zu Berlin. He wrote widely on locomotive matters, including
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1056-587: Was first documented in 1239, when the Ascanian margraves John I and Otto III of Brandenburg founded the Benedictine Sankt Marien nunnery in nearby Spandau . The nuns were enfeoffed with the Lucene and Casow estates; while the Lietzow farmstead probably was expanded to a village by 1315, Casow was already mentioned as abandoned in the 1375 doomsday book of Emperor Charles IV . From old field names, it
1089-468: Was incorporated in a network of streets laid out in the Hobrecht-Plan in an area that came to be known architecturally as the Wilhelmine Ring . The development was accompanied by an urban planning of broad streets and sidewalks, parks and spacious residential buildings, especially around the southern Kurfürstendamm area, which enabled large parts of Charlottenburg to preserve their affluent residential character. "The richest town of Prussia" established
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