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62-677: Charlottenburg-Nord is situated in the western suburbs of Berlin, beyond the Ringbahn line of the Berlin S-Bahn . In the north the Berlin-Spandau Ship Canal forms the border with Reinickendorf and Tegel , a bridge leading right to the southern entrance of former Berlin Tegel Airport . It further borders with Siemensstadt (part of the Spandau borough) in the west. In the east and south

124-648: A complete circle. With the building of the Wall, the line was broken in two places: The building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 prevented continuous operation, after which passenger numbers on the West Berlin side, between Gesundbrunnen and Sonnenallee, declined. This was caused partly by a politically motivated call for a boycott, because revenue from the West Berlin S-Bahn, which was operated by East German railways, supported

186-604: A newly-designed bypass provides access to southern branches without having to enter the station. Gesundbrunnen is not a typical crossing, but rather has parallel tracks that curve to the south after leaving the station, allowing trains to run towards Südkreuz . The approximately 88-square-kilometre (34 sq mi) area encompassed by the Ringbahn comprises the "Berlin A" zone in the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg 's fare structure. The Ringbahn also serves as

248-418: A properly provisioned train traveling from the suburbs to downtown Berlin. Originally, there were not even the necessary rails for continuing on the Ringbahn between Schöneberg and Papestraße stations. The Reichsbahn planned to replace the level crossings between the Ringbahn and Südringspitzkehre with over- and underpasses together with the building of the north-south S-Bahn line in the late 1930s, but this

310-529: A railway line was planned to connect these terminuses with each other. In 1872, the Deutsche Eisenbahnbaugesellschaft (German Railway Construction Company - DEG) filed the planning application for a railway line through the city, connecting the then-Schlesischer Bahnhof (today Berlin Ostbahnhof ) to Charlottenburg, and continuing to Potsdam. In December 1873, the state of Prussia as well as

372-746: A treaty between the GDR and the West Berlin Senate came into force and turned over the responsibility for operation of the S-Bahn in West Berlin to the West Berlin transport authority, the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe . Soon thereafter, talks with the GDR commenced regarding improvements of the Stadtbahn in West Berlin as well as the modernisation of the Zoologischer Garten station. The Lehrter Stadtbahnhof

434-525: Is about 400,000 passengers a day. Due to its distinctive shape, the line is often referred to as the Hundekopf (Dog's Head). The Ringbahn is bisected by an east–west railway thoroughfare called the Stadtbahn (city railway), which crosses the Ringbahn from Westkreuz (Western Cross) to Ostkreuz (Eastern Cross), forming a Südring (Southern Ring) and a Nordring (Northern Ring). The north-south S-Bahn link (with

496-434: Is called the "mushroom concept," the long-distance lines on the northern part of the ring for regional or long-distance services were rebuilt and electrified. On the ring line, regional and mainline services stop at Gesundbrunnen and regional services stop at Jungfernheide. The majority of the former ring line freight yards have been closed down or dismantled. Part of the former freight inner ring between Neukölln and Tempelhof

558-688: Is protected cultural heritage since 1995. It is often defined more simply as the slightly longer route between Ostkreuz and Westkreuz , although this is not technically correct. The line connects the city's Zoo , Bellevue Palace , snakes around the governmental district to the Berlin Hauptbahnhof and Friedrichstraße , crosses Museum Island , and moves on to Alexanderplatz ( Fernsehturm ) and beyond. First completed in 1882, it spans 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) and 11 stations. 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) of its length are elevated on 731 masonry viaduct arches. A further 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) of

620-442: Is served both by U-Bahn and S-Bahn , at the stations of Jungfernheide ( S4 , U7 and DB Regional-Express service), Jakob-Kaiser-Platz (U7) and Halemweg (U7). [REDACTED] Media related to Charlottenburg-Nord at Wikimedia Commons Berlin Ringbahn [REDACTED] The Ringbahn ( German for circle railway) is a 37.5 km (23.3 mi) long circle route around Berlin's inner city area, on

682-406: Is still used for freight, with a depot at Berlin-Moabit. The freight line is closed in the vicinity of Südkreuz and Ostkreuz. Branches from the ring line are: There are connecting curves between the ring line and the Stadtbahn at Ostkreuz and Westkreuz. The Südringspitzkehre spur to Potsdamer Bahnhof was closed in 1944 due to war damage and never rebuilt. Its reconstruction is being considered in

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744-443: The Berlin S-Bahn network. Its course is made up of a pair of tracks used by S-Bahn trains and another parallel pair of tracks used by various regional, long distance and freight trains. The S-Bahn lines S41 and S42 provide a closed-loop continuous service without termini. Lines S45, S46 and S47 use a section of the southern and western ring, while lines S8 and S85 use sections of the eastern ring. The combined number of passengers

806-658: The Berliner Ring (A 10) motorway. The adjacent areas are strongly affected by noise and pollution. The former Air Berlin had its headquarters in Building 2 of the Airport Bureau Center in Charlottenburg-Nord. In 2006 Air Berlin had been employing 1,200 employees at its headquarters. The former Germania airlines also had its headquarters in Charlottenburg-Nord. Regarding urban rail transports, Charlottenburg-Nord

868-535: The East German government. The East Berlin section, from Schönhauser Allee to Treptower Park, remained in operation as it formed part of a major north-south tangent. After the 1980 S-Bahn strike , service on the western part of the ring was suspended for about 13 years. On 9 January 1984, a treaty between East Germany and the West Berlin Senate came into force and turned over responsibility for operation of

930-709: The Interzonenzug (Inter-zone train) services between West Berlin and West Germany. Friedrichstraße station was separated into Eastern and Western parts with steel walls, and enabled West Berliners to change to S-Bahn trains running on the Nord-Süd-Bahn and the U6 line of the Berlin U-Bahn without passing through GDR border controls. The station also featured a border crossing into East Berlin. Through trains between Zoo and Ostbahnhof only existed in international traffic, for example

992-585: The North-South S-Bahn-tunnel as its core) divides the Ringbahn into a Westring (Western Ring) and an Ostring (Eastern Ring), crossing at Gesundbrunnen station in the north and both Schöneberg station and Südkreuz in the south. These four sections served as tariff zones of the suburban fare structure before World War II . Over time, these four rings ceased to exist with the removal of track connections. Only at Westkreuz does an original such track remain, used only for utility purposes. At Ostkreuz,

1054-410: The "screw concept," as trains entered the ring from the south at Neukölln and circled around it one and a half times, at the time the trip around the ring could not be achieved in less than 63 minutes. Since 28 May 2006, circular service has been operated as lines S41 (clockwise) and S42 (anticlockwise). Trains take around 60 minutes, running every five minutes in peak hours and every ten minutes between

1116-790: The Berlin-Spandau Ship Canal and the Westhafen Canal mark the border with the inner city localities of Wedding and Moabit (both part of the Mitte borough) and Charlottenburg . The locality is subdivided in several zones ( Ortslagen ) like the Großsiedlung Siemensstadt and Siedlung Charlottenburg-Nord housing estates in the west, the Jungfernheide municipal park as well as the Paul-Hertz-Siedlung and Plötzensee in

1178-628: The DR, the GDR government, the West Berlin Senate and the Allied occupation powers. Prices for the West Berlin S-Bahn were kept slightly below the fares of the West Berlin BVG . In East Berlin , a flat fee of 0.20 Mark was charged until 1991. West Berlin politics and most of the populace fully boycotted the S-Bahn, which was run by the East German railways, and introduced bus and U-Bahn lines running parallel to

1240-527: The Paris to Warsaw trains. Later, through coaches and shuttle trains connecting to the night trains to Scandinavia crossed the intra-German border on the Stadtbahn as well. Due to a quirk in legislation, the West Berlin parts of the Stadtbahn belonged to the Deutsche Reichsbahn , which made it (and therefore the GDR government) one of the largest landowners in West Berlin. Regular quarrels erupted between

1302-516: The S-Bahn in West Berlin to the West Berlin transport authority BVG . It was initially planned to restore the section between Westend and Sonnenallee . After German reunification in 1990, plans were changed, so that in 1993 the south ring was reopened to the junction with the line towards Baumschulenweg with a connection to the Goerlitz line . The reconstruction of the connection between Sonnenallee and Treptow Park required large-scale renovation that

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1364-609: The S-Bahn network and the Stadtbahn. Despite problems, the Deutsche Reichsbahn made improvements to the line and reconstructed at great expense the Westkreuz railway station which had been built on swamp land. Meanwhile, the number of S-Bahn lines running in West Berlin was reduced to just three as a consequence of a strike carried out by the Deutsche Reichsbahn's West Berlin-based employees in September 1980. On 9 January 1984

1426-584: The Schlesischer Bahnhof station, those heading east from Charlottenburg. Depots were situated in Rummelsburg (then called Bw Karlshorst ) and Grunewald . In 1914, the Friedrichstraße station was rebuilt; the long-distance section of the station was expanded to four tracks and the current station hall was built. Between 1922 and 1932, the Stadtbahn viaduct was thoroughly modernised in order to handle

1488-530: The Stadtbahn also connected to Stralau-Rummelsburg ( Ostkreuz since 1933) in the east and Westend (via Westkreuz ) in the west. Suburban trains operated on the local tracks, the so-called city track . At first, these were either services to the suburbs or connections to the Berlin Ringbahn , running as "half ring trains", using the Stadtbahn and either the northern or the southern Ringbahn. The trains were pulled by locomotives, which ran on coke to minimise

1550-453: The Stadtbahn apart from the previous Berliner Verbindungsbahn , built in 1851, which was built at street level and was a hindrance to travel. Work on the line started in 1875 and the Stadtbahn was opened on 7 February 1882 for local traffic; it opened on 15 May the same year for long-distance trains. The costs of construction, including purchase of the land, were estimated at about 5 million Goldmark per kilometre. The line would later become

1612-466: The Stadtbahn stations have platforms on these tracks, although not all trains stop at all stations, depending on the class and route of the train. In 1871, eight main line railways existed in Berlin, with terminal stations at the city's edge or outside the city limits. This was very impractical for many passengers, who were forced to use hackney carriages to transfer from one train to another. Therefore,

1674-426: The Stadtbahn, mainly those heading toward Hanover and Cologne , now usually call at Hauptbahnhof and Ostbahnhof. In 2022 the concrete bedding installed between 1994 and 1998 was found to have developed difficult to repair fatigue damage. The attachment points of the thought to be much more durable solution had to be replaced quickly due to safety concerns. As of 2023, the concrete isn't slated to be replaced either;

1736-546: The Stadtbahn. During the Berlin Blockade , the long-distance traffic came to an almost complete halt. The Stadtbahn was useful for the re-established S-Bahn , however, now with connections to places line Königs Wusterhausen , Strausberg , Staaken and Falkensee . From 18 May 1952, when all Berlin terminal stations and all other long-distance stations in West Berlin were closed, the station Zoologischer Garten remained

1798-541: The Stadtbahn. The remaining traffic on the Stadtbahn mostly consisted of express trains to Hanover and Cologne via the Lehrter Bahn , Kanonenbahn trains to Dessau, trains to Königsberg and Danzig on the Preußische Ostbahn and trains to Frankfurt/Oder and Breslau . Suburban trains to Spandau and Strausberg also ran on the Stadtbahn's long-distance tracks until 1928. Trains heading west usually left from

1860-417: The Stadtbahn. The Hamburg line was soon extended to Dresden and Prague , and the former Interzonenzug trains from Munich were converted to InterCity trains and now ran on the Stadtbahn as well. The western part of the Stadtbahn was electrified on 4 July 1993 up to Zoologischer Garten station. The eastern part of the line up to Ostbahnhof had been electrified since 1987. As soon as electrification reached

1922-522: The Zoo station, ICE trains began to use the station. In October 1994 the track was closed and a large-scale modernisation programme was launched. The viaduct sections were checked and strengthened, and the tracks were bedded in concrete to improve durability and comfort. A decision that would turn out to be a mistake in 2022. Almost all stations saw large financial investments and were thoroughly modernised. Long-distance traffic between Zoo and Ostbahnhof stations

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1984-807: The border for Berlin's low-emission zone , established on 1 January 2008. In 1851, the Königliche Bahnhofs-Verbindungsbahn (Royal Station Connection Railway) was completed between the termini of some railroads terminating in Berlin: initially the Stettiner Bahnhof and the Anhalter Bahnhof , but later to include the Schlesischer Bahnhof . It was laid in the streets, which disrupted traffic as well as local residents. Thus, in order to reduce disruption of traffic, trains ran at night, as

2046-421: The central market at Alexanderplatz was carried by seven special trains per day, of which four ran at night, two during the day and one in the evening. Apart from this, the Stadtbahn carried no freight; normal freight traffic instead used the freight stations Charlottenburg , Moabit , Wedding , Zentralviehhof , Weißensee , Frankfurter Allee , Rixdorf , Tempelhof , Wilmersdorf - Friedenau and Halensee on

2108-610: The construction of the line with state money and to reimburse the former private owners of the DEG. The state's interest in the line was attributed to the military, which after the 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War was of the opinion that the railway networks would hinder mobilisation when not properly interconnected. On 15 July 1878 the Königliche Direktion der Berliner Stadteisenbahn (Royal Directorate of Berlin City Railways), under

2170-510: The core route of the Berlin S-Bahn . The Stadtbahn was originally equipped with longitudinal iron sleepers on the Haarmann system, however these were replaced with wooden sleepers in the early 20th century. The line initially only had 9 stations. Two stations were later added: Tiergarten (5 January 1885) between Zoologischer Garten and Bellevue, and Savignyplatz (1 August 1896) between Charlottenburg and Zoologischer Garten. Since 1 May 1888

2232-551: The east with the Roman Catholic commemorative church Maria Regina Martyrum , honouring the Martyrs of Freedom of Belief and Conscience that were executed at Plötzensee Prison during the Nazi era in the years from 1933 to 1945. Together with the nearby Protestant Church of Plötzensee , it is the site of the annual Ecumenical Plötzensee Days . The locality was created in 2004, when it

2294-418: The ever-increasing train weight. Also, the train sheds of Alexanderplatz and Schlesischer Bahnhof were replaced. The suburban line's platforms were raised to a height of 96 centimetres. A second long-distance platform and a new hall were built at Zoo station from 1934 to 1940. The station hall was only glazed in the 1950s, however. The notable terraced vestibule dates from the same time. On 11 June 1928

2356-483: The line along Leipziger Straße, had to be scrapped because of overly high land prices. The moat of the 17th century Berlin Fortress was filled up between Hackescher Markt and Jannowitzbrücke stations and, since it was public land, was used for building the railway line. This explains some of the curvy sections on the Stadtbahn, especially between Alexanderplatz and Jannowitzbrücke stations. Its elevated nature sets

2418-579: The line is situated on 64 bridges, that cross adjoining streets and (three times) the river Spree . The remaining length of the line is on an embankment. Today it is one of the busiest tracks of railway in Germany, The line carries four tracks, in two pairs. On the northern track run 4 lines of the S-Bahn , which service all 11 stations, and the southern pair of tracks are used by Regionalbahn , Regional-Express , Intercity , EuroCity and Intercity-Express . Six of

2480-403: The long-distance tracks to the local tracks. The last steam trains disappeared in 1929 when the ring became fully operated by electric trains. Half-ring trains operated only as peak time services. In December 1930 the term S-Bahn and the symbol of a white S on a green circle were introduced for the city, ring and suburban services. After World War II , the Stadtbahn lay devastated by bombs, but

2542-597: The management of Ernst Dircksen , was commissioned to manage the site. The directorate at first reported to the Prussian Ministry of Transport and later became a subsidiary of the Ministry of Public Operations. The planned railway had two tracks each for freight and passenger traffic. Having taken similar projects in London and New York City into consideration, passenger traffic received priority over freight trains. Furthermore,

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2604-545: The need for trains to reverse there to continue their trip around the ring. Passengers could change at the Kolonnenstraße station across the platform to continue to ride on the Ringbahn without going all the way to the Potsdamer Ringbahnhof. From 1 January 1872 onwards, freight was carried on the line to freight yards separate from the passenger stations. The line was electrified in 1926. In 1930, ring line operation

2666-418: The new railway line was not only to serve as a connection between the mainline termini in Berlin, but would also offer connections to the Berlin Ringbahn and the suburban rail lines. The traffic routing was not only influenced by the location of the already existing stations the line was supposed to connect, but also by land availability in the city centre. One of the original drafts, which called for building

2728-535: The only long-distance station for the western part of the city. The last domestic train of the GDR (East German) railways ran on the Stadtbahn in 1953. After the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, Zoologischer Garten became the West Berlin and Ostbahnhof the East Berlin de facto central station. The station Friedrichstraße now was the terminal point of the separated West and East Berlin S-Bahn lines and departure point for

2790-566: The peaks, and in the evenings, using the greatly accelerated 481/482 series trains. Some sections of the ring are used by other lines. On the southern ring from the Görlitz line in the southeast, line S47 terminates at Hermannstraße , S46 at Westend and S45 at Berlin Südkreuz station , with some terminating at Bundesplatz . On the eastern section of the ring, lines S8 , S85 and S9 operate between Schönhauser Allee and Treptower Park. Under what

2852-448: The planning options for line S21 . The following long-distance and freight curves connect with the ring line: Berlin Stadtbahn [REDACTED] The Berlin Stadtbahn is the historic east-west elevated railway of Berlin . It runs from Ostbahnhof in the east to Charlottenburg in the west , connecting several of the most major sights of the German capital. The line

2914-591: The private rail enterprises Berlin-Potsdamer Eisenbahn , Magdeburg-Halberstädter Eisenbahn and Berlin-Hamburger Bahn bought shares in the DEG, and jointly founded the Berliner Stadteisenbahngesellschaft (Berlin City Railway Company). However, things did not go as expected and the DEG went into bankruptcy in 1878, which forced the Prussian state government to take over operations, pay for

2976-406: The ring line. In the first years of the Stadtbahn, many trains previously terminating at the old terminuses Lehrter Bahnhof , Görlitzer Bahnhof or Potsdamer Bahnhof operated via the Stadtbahn to reduce the load on the terminus stations. By the end of the 19th century, however, most of these train runs had to terminate at their old destination stations again due to the increasing local traffic on

3038-623: The ring was complete for freight and long-distance trains, while the suburban trains running on the Ringbahn would still visit and reverse at Potsdamer station in the city center , turning north from the ring, running parallel to the Berlin–Potsdam–Magdeburg Railway . This section from the actual ring into the Potsdamer ring station became known as the Südringspitzkehre ( Southern ring switchback or hairpin turn ), reflecting

3100-590: The side where there is the new Julius-Leber-Brücke ) to Potsdamer station (and, from 1891 onward, to a separate annex, Potsdamer ring station). From there, trains returned in the opposite direction. The line crossed the Anhalt Railway (and later the Royal Prussian Military Railway) on bridges. With the opening of the section from Schöneberg through the still-independent city of Charlottenburg (now Westend station ) to Moabit on 15 November 1877,

3162-407: The smell. Doors on the train compartments had to be opened by the passengers themselves and stations were not called out on the train. These trains ran from 4 o'clock in the morning to 1 o'clock at night, typically at intervals between two and five minutes, depending on the time of day. Fares in the early 20th century were 10 pfennig in 3rd class and 15 pfennig in 2nd class. The freight traffic to

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3224-501: The station and the adjacent Humboldthafen port. Until the summer of 2006, the Stadtbahn was the main thoroughfare for long-distance trains, which usually stopped at Zoologischer Garten and Ostbahnhof (which was renamed in 1998). When the new Hauptbahnhof opened on 28 May 2006 the importance of the line diminished slightly, as many trains now would use the new north-south line connected to the Hauptbahnhof. The remaining intercity trains on

3286-475: The suburban line Potsdam-Stadtbahn- Erkner was fully equipped with DC third rail gear. Five trains of the new DRG Class ET 165 – the type appropriately named Stadtbahn – went into service, still sharing the track with steam trains. By November 1928 all lines leading toward the Stadtbahn, namely the lines from Kaulsdorf , Spandau and Grünau as well as the Berlin Ringbahn , were fully electrified. Therefore, suburban services to Spandau could be moved from

3348-637: The train bell had to be rung constantly. Plans were soon developed to build a ring line primarily for freight, running outside the then city limits. Funding for construction was possible only after the victory in the war with Austria of 1866 . The Lower Silesia-March [of Brandenburg] Railway Company was commissioned to construct and manage the line: construction began in 1867 and was completed in 1877. The first section opened on 17 July 1871 from Moabit through Gesundbrunnen , Central-Viehhof (now Storkower Straße ), Stralau-Rummelsburg (now Ostkreuz ), Rixdorf (now Neukölln ) and Schöneberg (later Kolonnenstraße, at

3410-549: The work would be too complicated and take too much time, because of the viaduct structure. The S-Bahn tracks of the Stadtbahn currently carry the following routes (as of December 2020): The longer distance tracks carry Regionalbahn and Regional-Express routes RE1 ( Magdeburg to Eisenhüttenstadt ), RE2 ( Rathenow to Cottbus ), RE7 ( Dessau to Wünsdorf-Waldstadt ) and RB14 ( Nauen to Berlin Schönefeld Airport ). Although most InterCity and Intercity-Express trains now use

3472-480: Was also carefully restored to its original 1880s look and became a listed building . In East Berlin, the Ostbahnhof was partially rebuilt and renamed to Hauptbahnhof , in time for the 750th anniversary of Berlin's founding in 1987. The fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification made for a sudden spike of importance for the Stadtbahn. The first InterRegio train ran to Cologne in 1990. Since 1991, Intercity trains to Karlsruhe , Cologne and Hamburg used

3534-491: Was combined with the Stadtbahn and suburban services as the Berlin S-Bahn . Since the trains were pulled by steam locomotives, they had to be refilled with water and coal and serviced at relatively short intervals; this was possible by reversing at Potsdamer Bahnhof. Even after electrification, the management of the railway company wanted to spare the passengers the need to change at the Papestraße or Schöneberg stations to

3596-433: Was interrupted during the construction period, and the S-Bahn trains temporarily used the long-distance line. On 24 March 1998 the Stadtbahn was reopened, now carrying up to three ICE and IC lines as well as five RegionalExpress lines. Between 2001 and July 2002, part of the Stadtbahn was realigned over the construction of the new Berlin Hauptbahnhof . The realigned section consisted of two 450 m-long bridges spanning

3658-460: Was not feasible in the short term. The western part of the ring line was put back into operation in stages: More than 12 years after the fall of the Wall, the last gap of the S-Bahn between Westhafen, Wedding and Gesundbrunnen, was fully restored on 16 June 2002. Promotional material for the reopening referred this as the "Wedding Day," an allusion to the English word "wedding." Services operated under

3720-448: Was omitted as one of many planned changes after the proclamation of Hitler's Welthauptstadt Germania on 30 January 1937. In World War II , the Potsdamer and Anhalter stations were heavily bombed; the Südringspitzkehre was closed in 1944 and was never reopened. From 1944 until the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, S-Bahn trains ran over the direct line between Papestraße (now Südkreuz ) and Schöneberg opened in 1933, making

3782-570: Was rebuilt very quickly. Because Joseph Stalin wanted to travel by train to the Potsdam Conference , the Stadtbahn was converted to the Russian 1,520 mm ( 4 ft  11 + 27 ⁄ 32  in ) broad gauge in 1945. The national importance had diminished with the loss of eastern Germany ; only a few trains ran towards the western zones. Some trains from the Soviet zone terminated on

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3844-603: Was separated from Charlottenburg in the south. Since the 1920 Greater Berlin Act , the area had been part of the Charlottenburg borough ( Bezirk Charlottenburg ), united with Wilmersdorf in the 2001 administrative reform . The Bundesautobahn 100 ( Stadtring ) motorway runs through the south of the locality, where the interchange on Jakob-Kaiser-Platz ( Dreieck Charlottenburg ) connects the Bundesautobahn 111 leading northwards to

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