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93-527: The sixth-generation Volkswagen Jetta was announced in the North American market on 16 June 2010. The new model was larger and less expensive to manufacture than the previous generation making the vehicle more competitive against rivals such as the Toyota Corolla , Honda Civic and Nissan Sentra as part of Volkswagen's goal of reaching sales of 800,000 units in the North American market by 2018. The vehicle

186-433: A 1.4 liter turbocharged engine that produces 150 hp (150 PS; 110 kW) and 184 lb⋅ft (249 N⋅m) of torque. This engine replaced the 2.0-litre in those markets. The diesel and hybrid versions were both discontinued for 2017, the hybrid for slow sales and the diesel as a result of the dieselgate debacle . New for 2014, the 2.5 L inline-5 was replaced with the new 1.8 L TSI turbocharged 4 cylinder. Based on

279-713: A 1.5-liter hybrid system similar to the one used in the Toyota Prius C , with a fuel efficiency of 3.03 L/100 km (93.2 mpg ‑imp ; 77.6 mpg ‑US ) under the JC08 test cycle . Toyota's monthly sales target for Japan is 1,000 units of the Corolla Axio hybrid and 1,500 units of the Corolla Fielder hybrid. The E160 was also sold in Hong Kong, Macau, and New Zealand. International markets continued on with

372-444: A 2-door liftback (KE50/KE55). All KE3x models had 3K engines and K40 4-speed manual, K50 5 speed manual, 2-speed automatic or 3-speed automatic gearbox. Sprinters were not available. The KE5x models 4K engines. The KE55 was 50 kg heavier due to the addition of side impact protection in the doors, but due to a change in the body metal and seam sealing they are prone to rust. Later KE55s also used plastic ended bumper bars as opposed to

465-403: A 20 kW (27 hp; 27 PS) electric motor providing a combined 127 kW (170 hp; 173 PS) and 249 N⋅m (184 ft⋅lb). It also has as standard a 7-speed DSG DQ200 automatic transmission, with Sport and Tiptronic modes. The Jetta Turbo Hybrid has an estimated combined fuel economy of 5.2 L/100 km (54 mpg ‑imp ; 45 mpg ‑US ). Sales of

558-408: A bidder at all (for example, in public transport projects with "buy national" rules). A semi-knocked-down kit ( SKD ) or incompletely disassembled kit (although it has never been assembled) is a kit of the partially assembled parts of a product. Both types of KDs, complete and incomplete, are collectively referred to within the auto industry as knocked-down export ( KDX ), and cars assembled in

651-570: A car assembly industry as a means of import substitution and providing local employment, despite the small size of the local market. Following economic reforms in the 1980s, including the lowering of import tariffs, and the ability to import Australian-built vehicles duty-free under the CER agreement, many car companies ended assembly in New Zealand. They switched to importing completely built-up vehicles from Japan , Australia, or Europe. More significantly,

744-495: A drag coefficient of 0.30. Volkswagen's target of increasing its North American sales removed the Jetta from the premium compact car market. This forced many cost-cutting measures to be made for the North American models, which included a lower quality trim material for the interior. Leatherette replaced leather as the optional seating upholstery, and leather was still available on Canadian-spec models. Lower end North American models lost

837-592: A female workforce was employed. CKD military vehicles could be stored for shipment in one-vehicle-per-crate form (or SUP, Single Unit Pack), or as several vehicles (usually two to three) divided in two or more crates. Vehicles shipped to certain countries could be lacking some items, such as cabs, beds, or tires, that were built and provided locally. Mahindra & Mahindra Limited in India began its business in 1947 with assembling CKD Jeeps . Mahindra expanded its operations to include domestic manufacture of Jeep vehicles with

930-867: A few AWD All-Trac models. Many engines were used on a wide array of trim levels and models, ranging from the 1.3-liter 2E to the 123 kilowatts (165 hp) supercharged 4A-GZE . In the US, the E90 Sprinter was built and sold as both the Toyota Sprinter and the Geo Prizm . In Australia, the E90 Corolla was built and sold as both the Toyota Corolla and the Holden Nova . In South Africa, this generation continued to be built until August 2006. In June 1991, Corollas received

1023-744: A first partnership agreement with AMC to assemble Rambler automobiles in Europe . Beginning in 1962, and continuing until 1967, AMC also sold CKD kits of its passenger cars to Renault. They were assembled in Renault's factory in Haren, Belgium , and sold through its dealers in Algeria , Austria , Belgium , France , the Netherlands , and Luxembourg . The deal allowed AMC to sell its cars in new markets without significant foreign direct investment (FDI). The arrangement benefited

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1116-647: A high level of local content under license from Kaiser Jeep Corporation and later American Motors Corporation (AMC). In the 1950s and 1960s, Lotus Cars sold its Lotus Seven car in CKD form to avoid the UK purchase tax that applied to sales of fully assembled vehicles. By 1959, and with the introduction of the Mini , British Motor Corporation (BMC) products were still either imported or assembled from CKD kits in several international markets. In 1961, Renault began negotiations for

1209-484: A market, particularly in shipping to foreign nations, and serves as a way of counting or pricing. CKD is a common practice in the automotive , bus , heavy truck , and rail vehicle industries, as well as electronics, furniture and other products. Businesses sell knocked-down kits to their foreign affiliates or licensees for various reasons, including the avoidance of import taxes, to receive tax preferences for providing local manufacturing jobs, or even to be considered as

1302-538: A plant that was expected to have an annual output of 150,000 units. Daimler AG has a CKD assembly plant in South Carolina that re-assembles Mercedes-Benz Sprinter vans for sale in the United States and Canada at Mercedes-Benz and Freightliner dealers, along with Dodge dealers before Fiat Group 's takeover of Chrysler Group LLC —essentially to circumvent the 25% tariff on imported light trucks known as

1395-412: A product. The parts are typically manufactured in one country or region, and then exported to another country or region for final assembly. CBU , on the other hand, stands for "Completely Built Up" and signifies import of a finished product. A common form of knock-down is a complete knock-down ( CKD ), which is a kit of entirely unassembled parts of a product. It is also a method of supplying parts to

1488-574: A redesign to be larger, heavier, and have the completely rounded, aerodynamic shape of the 1990s. In the United States, the somewhat larger Corolla was now in the compact class, rather than subcompact, and the coupé was still available in some markets, known as the AE101 Corolla Levin. Carburetors were mostly retired with this generation. Production of the E110 Corolla started in May 1995. The design of

1581-516: A sport suspension that rides 0.6 inches lower than other Jetta models. 2017 was the last year Volkswagen offered this trim with its sport-tuned suspension. For China, the A6 Jetta entered the market in March 2012 as the second-generation Sagitar and became popular in sales, reaching 271,000 cars sold in 2013, followed by 300,000 in 2014, nearly 280,000 in 2015, 341,000 in 2016 and 327,000 in 2017. The Sagitar

1674-686: A version of Daewoo Lanos for full-scale production and equipping it with a domestic engine. The German automotive giant Volkswagen Group also produces SKDs in Ukraine at its Solomonovo plant, producing cars under its Škoda and Volkswagen Passenger Cars marques . In Russia , KD assembling facilities are owned by Avtotor , which produced Hummer H2 , BMW 3 Series , and BMW 5 Series in Kaliningrad , and Renault Logan in Moscow using facilities that once belonged to AZLK . In Kaluga , Volkswagen Group had

1767-567: Is a series of compact cars (formerly subcompact ) manufactured and marketed globally by the Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation . Introduced in 1966, the Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide by 1974 and has been one of the best-selling cars in the world since then. In 1997, the Corolla became the best-selling nameplate in the world , surpassing the Volkswagen Beetle . Toyota reached

1860-708: Is also sold by Suzuki as the Swace in Europe. The sedan variation of the Corolla was unveiled simultaneously between 15 and 16 November 2018 in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California , United States, and in China at the 2018 Guangzhou International Motor Show . The model is sold in two versions: Prestige (sold in China, Europe and other countries) and Sporty (sold in North America, Japan, Australia and other countries), and sold in China as

1953-553: Is available in a five-speed manual and six-speed automatic transmission. Choice of four body colors (Black, Pure White, Tornado Red, and Platinum Grey Metallic) In 2016 the radio was upgraded to a 6.3" screen MIB-II unit with no other change to the car. A lighting package similar to the GLI is an available option which includes High-intensity Bi-Xenon headlights with LED Daytime Running Lights and an Adaptive Front-lighting System along with interior ambient lighting. The Sport and GLI models feature

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2046-509: Is available with 1.5-liter 1NZ-FE or 1.8-liter 2ZR-FAE four cylinder engines mated with a CVT transmission. The 1.5-liter is available with front- and all-wheel drive, the 1.8-liter is offered only in front-wheel drive. Since 2015 there's a new engine 2NR-FKE, with its VVT-ie technology. Toyota released hybrid versions of the Corolla Axio sedan and Corolla Fielder station wagon for the Japanese market in August 2013. Both cars are equipped with

2139-715: Is called the Corolla Fielder in Japan. Production in Japan ended in January 2007 (for Corolla Runx and Allex), but production in North America continued until October 2007. Production continued in China as the Corolla EX until February 2017. The tenth generation of the E140 Corolla was introduced in October 2006. Japanese markets called the sedan Corolla Axio . The station wagon retained

2232-641: Is called the Levin GT . In Japan, the Corolla has always been exclusive to the Japanese retail sales chain called Toyota Corolla Store , which was previously established in 1961, known as Toyota Publica Store , selling the Publica . A rebadged version called the Sprinter was introduced around the same time as the Corolla in Japan, and sold through a different Toyota Japan dealership sales channel known since 1966 as Toyota Auto Store . There have been several models over

2325-450: Is easier to drive in narrow alleys and parking lots for the targeted elderly drivers. The new Corolla Axio is available with either a 1.3-liter 1NR-FE or 1.5-liter 1NZ-FE four-cylinder engines; front- or all-wheel drive. Both 5-speed manual and CVT transmissions are offered. The 1.3-liter engine and all-wheel-drive variants are available only with the CVT transmission. The Corolla Fielder

2418-625: Is produced at Volkswagen's facility in Puebla , Mexico, and was primarily designed by Volkswagen Mexico under the supervision of Volkswagen Germany with 70 percent of the parts were designed and manufactured in Mexico. Although the Jetta no longer shares any body panels with the Golf and has a longer wheelbase, this generation was partly based on the same PQ35 platform (slight adaptation of the Golf front axle, newly developed twist beam rear axle). This new generation has

2511-592: The 504 pick-up . The 404 and 504 were massively marketed worldwide through local CKD assembly shops: the 404 was assembled, besides France and Argentina, in Australia , Belgium, Canada (at the SOMA plant shared with Renault), Chile, Ireland, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, New Zealand , Nigeria, Portugal, Perú, Rhodesia, South Africa, and Uruguay; the 504, mainly in Argentina, Egypt, Nigeria, Kenya, South-Africa, Australia, and China by

2604-596: The CMP family , were crated and shipped overseas in KD form, in various degrees of completeness, to Allied countries to sustain their war effort. Assembly lines were preferably set up in local automotive factories where appropriate tooling and equipment could be easily found, but, where needed, other types of buildings could be used, especially in on-the-field situations, and on occasion, even open-air rebuilding camps were set up, managed by military personnel. Owing to male mobilization, sometimes

2697-638: The Corolla Altis branding. The Corolla E180 went on sale in Europe and South Africa in February 2014. In Australasia, the European market second-generation Toyota Auris was also sold badged as the Corolla hatchback, alongside the international E170 Corolla. In 2015, for the 2016 model year, Toyota ’s North American Sub-brand, Scion , introduced the Scion iM , based on the second generation Toyota Auris . In 2016, for

2790-561: The Corolla Fielder name. For international markets, a wider version of the E140 was sold with different styling, with the Southeast Asian, Pakistani, Indian and Taiwanese markets retaining the Corolla Altis branding. Production continued from June 2014 until 2020 in South Africa as the entry-level Corolla Quest . In Australasia, the related first-generation Toyota Auris was also sold as

2883-476: The EA888 engine platform , the 1.8 TSI is listed as one of Ward's 10 Best Engines for 2014, producing 127 kW (170 hp; 173 PS) and 249 N⋅m (184 ft⋅lb) of torque, all while achieving an EPA rating of 25 MPG city / 36 MPG highway. Other updates for 2014 include an independent multilink rear suspension as found in European counterparts, and electronic power steering (1.8 TSI models only). In Europe,

Volkswagen Jetta (A6) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2976-576: The Geo Prizm , a rebadge of the Toyota Sprinter, as the Chevrolet Prizm when the Geo brand was discontinued. This generation was delayed in North America until mid-1997 (US 1998 model year), where it had unique front and rear styling. Europe and Australasia received versions of their own as well. In Pakistan, this model was halted in November 1998, while production was closed in March 2002. In August 2000,

3069-733: The Guangzhou Peugeot Automobile Company which developed a specific crew cab version. In 1968, the independent German automotive firm, Karmann , began assembly of CKD kits of AMC's newly introduced Javelin for distribution in Europe. American Motors also provided right-hand drive versions of their automobiles to markets such as Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa . The components were shipped in containers to Australia from AMC's plants in Kenosha, Wisconsin , or Brampton, Ontario . Assembly of Rambler and AMC vehicles in Australia

3162-671: The Levin . The Prestige model uses a different front fascia, which is more similar to the XV70 Camry . This model is sold as the Corolla Altis in Taiwan and Southeast Asia. The Sporty model uses a similar front fascia to the hatchback and wagon versions. A long-wheelbase version of the Prestige model with a slightly altered front fascia is sold as the Allion in China, while the long-wheelbase Sporty version

3255-708: The Paykan (meaning "arrow" in Persian ). Bought by Chrysler in 1967 and then part of the sale to the PSA Group by the Chrysler Corporation of its European operations in late 1978, the Rootes business basis in Iran became the primer for the very significant PSA Peugeot Citroën business in Iran involving engine and CKD deliveries, particularly from the 405, introduced in 1990 and facelifted as

3348-625: The Sprinter (including the Sprinter Trueno). The Sprinter was nearly identical to the Corolla, differing only by minor body styling changes such as pop-up headlights . This generation was made until 1990 in Venezuela . A somewhat more rounded and aerodynamic style was used for the E90 introduced in May 1987. Overall this generation has a more refined feel than older Corollas and other older subcompacts. Most models were now front-wheel drive , along with

3441-629: The " Buy America Act " provisions (49 USC 5323(j) and 49 CFR Part 661) for public agencies purchasing new equipment with federal funds. North American Bus Industries opened operations in Anniston, Alabama , in 1993, with incomplete buses shipped from Budapest , Hungary , to Anniston for final assembly. NABI expanded production operations in Anniston to allow full production with its first fully domestically produced bus unit in 2008. The practice of selling "knocked down" railcars, called by that name, pre-dates

3534-731: The " Chicken Tax ". The Sprinter was eventually replaced in the Dodge/ Ram lineup with the similar Ram ProMaster, a rebadged Fiat Ducato . Unlike the CKD Dodge Sprinter, the ProMaster is fully imported to the U.S. from a Chrysler plant in Mexico under of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In 2009, Mahindra & Mahindra Limited announced that it would export pickup trucks powered by diesel engines from India to

3627-566: The 2013 Jetta Turbo Hybrid began in the U.S. by late 2012. In mid-2016, the Hybrid model (as well as the diesel option) was discontinued from the U.S. market without replacement. The Jetta in its most basic Latin American market configuration with 2 airbags received 5 stars for adult occupants and 4 stars for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2013. The revised 2015 Jetta has secured the highest ratings from most of

3720-417: The 2015 model year, Volkswagen made numerous improvements to the Jetta such as new front and rear fascias, headlights, reworked interior, fully independent suspension for all US models, a suite of driver-assistance systems such as blind-spot monitoring, cross-traffic alert, and standard rearview camera. The sixth-generation Jetta went on sale on 22 July 2010 in Mexico, thus becoming one of the only countries in

3813-422: The 2017 model year, the iM was rebranded as the Toyota Corolla iM when the Scion brand was discontinued. The twelfth generation of the Corolla is available in three body styles: The twelfth generation Corolla in hatchback body style was unveiled as a pre-production model in early March 2018 at the Geneva Motor Show as the Auris . The production version of the Corolla Hatchback for the North American market

Volkswagen Jetta (A6) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3906-793: The 20th century, as evidenced by an advertisement by JG Brill Company in the Street Railway Journal from 1898. Many rail equipment builders have used kits or incomplete vehicles, often to meet local assembly and production requirements or quotas, or to satisfy tariffs. Some examples include: Unserviceable military aircraft are also sold as "knock-downs" after they have ended their service life , packaging them with serviceable aircraft. This allows them to be used for cannibalization of spare parts . The European aircraft manufacturer Airbus uses knock-down kits to assemble A320 family aircraft outside Europe. The Airbus A320 final assembly line in Tianjin , China, assembles fuselage, wing, and tail sections made in Europe with avionics and engines made in

3999-434: The Airbus Tianjin and Mobile plants receive their fuselages, wings, and tail sections from Europe via ocean freight using specially designed ships , as the plants are located in port cities. From 1908 to 1940, the Sears, Roebuck & Co. mail-order catalog offered over 400 styles of homes. Buyers were provided with all of the materials and the instructions needed to build a house. Everything that arrived by train or in

4092-404: The Auris installed with V6 engines was briefly sold at Japanese Toyota dealerships Toyota Store and Toyopet Store locations as the Blade , which was sold until 2012. A compact MPV named the Corolla Verso has also been released in European markets. Its Japanese counterpart is the Corolla Spacio , which has been discontinued as of the tenth generation. The Corolla Rumion is also sold in

4185-416: The Corolla hatchback alongside the sedan body shape of the International E140 Corolla. The eleventh generation of the Corolla went on sale in Japan in May 2012. The sedan is named the Corolla Axio while the wagon is called the Corolla Fielder . In Japan, both are made by a Toyota subsidiary, Central Motors , in Miyagi Prefecture , Japan. The redesigned model has slightly smaller exterior dimensions and

4278-418: The E120 ninth-generation Corolla was introduced in Japan, with edgier styling and more technology to bring the nameplate into the 21st century. This version was sold in Japan, Australasia , Europe and the Middle East. In mid-2001, the E120 Corolla Altis was released. It had a refreshed look and was slightly longer and wider than the E120 for other markets, but with similar body panels and interior. The Altis

4371-458: The E140/E150 until at least 2013 when the E170/E180 model arrived. The E170/E180 is larger and substantially different from the Japanese E160, with a unique body and interior. Two basic front and rear styling treatments are fitted to the E170: a North American version that debuted first and a more conservative design for other markets that debuted later in 2013. The latter version sold in Southeast Asian, Pakistani, Indian and Taiwanese markets retained

4464-406: The E80 Series. From 1985, re-badged E80 Sprinters were sold in the U.S. as the fifth-generation Chevrolet Nova . Fuel injection was introduced as an extra cost option internationally. Most models now used the front-wheel drive layout except the AE85 and AE86 , which were to be the last Corollas offered in the rear-wheel drive or FR layout. The AE85 and AE86 chassis codes were also used for

4557-458: The EU or the United States and locally sourced components for interiors. Airbus opened a similar A320 final assembly line in the United States in September 2015, located in Mobile, Alabama ; again using European-made fuselages, wings, and tail sections. However, the Mobile final assembly line will use more locally sourced components than the Tianjin line; engines, interior components, and avionics will be sourced mainly from American suppliers. Both

4650-593: The French automaker because its product range lacked large-sized cars, and it needed to offer an "executive" model for its European markets. The situation changed by 1977. By this time, AMC sought outside support for a new car in the sub-compact market segment, which led to the first of many agreements with Renault. Volvo's Halifax Assembly Plant , which opened in 1963, completed vehicles in CKD form from Sweden for North American consumers. Halifax Assembly closed in December 1998. In 1967, Rootes Group UK began exporting CKD Hillman Hunters to Iran where they were sold as

4743-405: The GLI. North American models featured red turn signals instead of amber. In North America, the base model (S in the US, Trendline in Canada) received a 2.0-liter 8-valve four-cylinder engine with 86 kW (115 hp; 117 PS) and 169 N⋅m (125 lbf⋅ft) torque. From model year 2016 onward, American S and SE models, and Canadian models Trendline and Comfortline Jettas would receive

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4836-426: The Indian car market on 17 February 2015. It was launched in Australia and South Africa in September 2011 and although production ended at the end of 2017, Australia stockpiled units and the last ones were sold in mid-2019. This was the last model produced for the UK as of November 2017 after 379 models were sold between 1 January and 1 October 2017. Orders closed in September 2017. In January 2018, Volkswagen axed

4929-423: The Jetta TDI, are the only two trims to receive Volkswagen's 6-speed manual transmission as well as the optional 6-speed DSG automatic gearbox. GLI models feature a sport suspension that rides 0.6 inches lower than other Jetta models and the XDS® Cross Differential System. Including Edition 30 and the Edition 30 with Navigation, they are versions of 2014 Jetta GLI commemorating the 30th anniversary of Jetta GLI in

5022-467: The Jetta in Europe as sales fell by a quarter in 2017 with just over 5,000 units being sold all year. Sales slipped in the US by 4.4%. The Volkswagen Jetta Turbo Hybrid was unveiled in January 2012 at the North American International Auto Show for the 2013 model year. It was developed due to Hybrid popularity in North America. The variant is powered by a 1.4 L TSI intercooled turbocharged engine producing 111 kW (149 hp; 151 PS) mated with

5115-407: The K "hicam" and T series engines. Fuel injection was introduced as an extra cost option on Japanese market vehicles. The wagon and van continued to be made until June 1987 after the rest of the range was replaced by the E80 generation. A sloping front bonnet and a contemporary sharp-edged, no-frills style was brought in during May 1983. The new 1839 cc 1C diesel engine was added to the range with

5208-407: The Matrix, shares the Corolla platform. The Vibe was exported from Fremont, California, to the Japanese market where it was sold as the Toyota Voltz . The Corolla Cross is the crossover SUV -counterpart of the E210 series Corolla. Knock-down kit A knock-down kit (also knockdown kit , knocked-down kit , or simply knockdown or KD ) is a collection of parts required to assemble

5301-465: The Netherlands, various parts are added to the car, most notably the rear subframe with the drive train as well as the battery pack. Motor Coach Industries opened its Pembina, North Dakota , assembly plant in 1963, as part of an expansion into the US market. Unfinished KD (knocked down) coach bodies are shipped from Winnipeg, Manitoba , by flatbed trailer and completed, outfitted, and delivered at Pembina. This practice simplifies US Customs and meets

5394-413: The Netherlands. It is used for the assembly of their Model S sedan and Model X SUV for the European Union , but not all of Europe since only cars imported to the EU benefit from circumventing the 10% import duty (e.g. cars to Norway are shipped directly from the United States). For the most part, the car is still manufactured in the Tesla Factory in Fremont, California . During the final assembly in

5487-421: The Pars in 1999 and 206 introduced in 2001. In 2004, Peugeot's partner Iran Khodro produced 281'000 Peugeot vehicles, securing a 36% market share. In 1967 as well, Peugeot introduced CKD-based production of a light pick-up vehicle based on the Peugeot 403 in Peugeot's Berazategui factory (in Buenos Aires ) under the name Peugeot 4TB. In 1973, this model was replaced by the 404 pick-up and later (1990) by

5580-607: The Sagitar GLi and Sagitar R-Line which are available with the 2.0 litre TSI engine and 6 speed DSG and 1.4 litre turbo with 7 speed dual-clutch gearbox. For horsepower ratings, the 1.2 litre engine produces 81 kW (110 hp) which is also shared with 1.6-litre engine, the 1.4-litre turbocharged engine produces 110 kW (148 hp), and the 2.0-litre TSI known as EA888 produces 147 kW (197 hp). Chinese production for this generation Sagitar ended in September 2019. Toyota Corolla The Toyota Corolla ( Japanese : トヨタ・カローラ , Hepburn : Toyota Karōra )

5673-457: The UK in February 2019 and across Europe in March 2019. A high-performance variant of the Corolla hatchback, called the GR Corolla , debuted in March 2022. The estate variation of the twelfth generation Corolla, called the Corolla Touring Sports (simply called Corolla Touring in Japan), was unveiled at the 2018 Paris Motor Show . The official images of the Corolla Touring Sports were revealed on 4 September 2018. The Corolla Touring Sports

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5766-432: The US market as the Scion xB . The Corolla Matrix , better known just as the Matrix, shares the E120 and E140 platforms, and is considered the hatchback/ sport wagon counterpart of the North American Corolla sedan, as the European/Australasian Corolla hatchback is not sold there. Toyota frequently combines the sales figures of the Corolla sedan and Matrix. The Pontiac Vibe , which is the General Motors badged version of

5859-535: The US market. Changes include 18-inch "Laguna" aluminum-alloy wheels, red trim on the front grille, a trunklid-mounted spoiler, Edition 30 badging, Bi-Xenon headlights (Edition 30 with Navigation), contrasting color V-Tex leatherette seats with red accents; red contrast stitching on the steering wheel, shifter, brake lever, and armrests; carbon-look trim inlays; Edition 30 kickplates; floormats with red stitching, Choice of four body colors (Deep Black Metallic, Pure White, Tornado Red, and Reflex Silver Metallic). The vehicle

5952-497: The United Kingdom ( Derbyshire ). Production or assembly has previously been carried out in Australia ( Dandenong and Altona ), India ( Bangalore ), Indonesia ( Jakarta ), Malaysia ( Shah Alam ), New Zealand ( Thames ), the Philippines ( Santa Rosa, Laguna ), and Venezuela. Corollas were made at NUMMI in Fremont, California until March 2010. Production resumed in November 2011 at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi in Blue Springs, Mississippi . The first generation Corolla

6045-424: The United States in knockdown kit (CKD) form, again to circumvent the chicken tax . Mahindra planned to export CKDs to the United States as complete vehicles that will be assembled in the United States from kits of parts shipped in crates. However, Mahindra's United States CKD and export plans never materialized and were subject to several lawsuits. In 2013, Tesla started operating an assembly plant in Tilburg ,

6138-409: The all chrome bumpers of the previous models, but included a rear sway bar for the first time. A major restyle in March 1979 brought a square edged design. The Corollas had a simpler treatment of the grill, headlights and tail lights while the Sprinter used a slightly more complex, sculptured treatment. The new A series engines were added to the range as a running change. This was the last model to use

6231-402: The beginning of the Mexican War of Independence , on 16 September 1810. It is also the first car in Mexico with granted permission to use an official government logo (a "2010" plaque). It was launched in India on 17 August 2011. The Jetta was imported to India through the CKD route, and was locally assembled at Volkswagen's Chakan factory, near Pune . The 2015 Jetta facelift was released in

6324-562: The car was slightly altered throughout but retained a look similar to that of the E100. In 1998, for the first time, some non-Japanese Corollas received the new 1ZZ-FE engine. The 1ZZ-FE engine had an aluminum engine block and aluminum cylinder heads, which made models powered by this motor lighter than versions powered by A series engines which had cast iron blocks with aluminium heads. The model range began to change as Toyota decided styling differences would improve sales in different markets. Starting with this generation, General Motors renamed

6417-443: The country of origin and exported whole to the destination market are known as built-up export ( BUX ). Technically, the terms "knock-down", "incompletely disassembled kit", and "kits of parts" are all misnomers because the knock-downs were never built up in the first place. The parts shipments are often not in the form of kits, but rather bulk-packed by type of part into shipping containers . The degree of "knock-down" depends on

6510-484: The desires and technical abilities of the receiving organization or government import regulations. Developing nations may pursue trade and economic policies that call for import substitution or local content regulations. Companies with CKD operations help the country substitute the finished products it imports with locally assembled substitutes. Knock-down kit assembly plants are less expensive to establish and maintain because they do not need modern robotic equipment, and

6603-585: The easing of import restrictions led to many used imports , because they were less expensive than locally assembled used cars, and outsold the 'NZ New' vehicles. The last companies to construct CKD kits in New Zealand were Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi , and Honda , which closed their plants in 1998 when the government announced plans to abolish import tariffs on cars. Other examples include Ukraine , which has almost prohibitive import taxes on finished cars. AutoZAZ assembles CKD kits of some Lada , Opel , Mercedes-Benz , and Daewoo cars. It went as far as adopting

6696-400: The engine range consists of the 1.2 TSI, 1.4 TSI (122 or 160 PS), 2.0 TSI, 1.6 TDI, and 2.0 TDI engines. The European version will differ in some respects, particularly in having multi-link suspension at the rear. The European version will also incorporate soft-touch plastics on most of the dashboard (not the doors for this generation), and the rear seat center air vents have been restored. For

6789-444: The enhanced performance version of the Corolla and Sprinter respectively when a double overhead camshaft version of the 2T engine was introduced in March 1972 (TE27). In September 1970, the 1400 cc T and 1600 cc 2T OHV engines were added to the range. In Australia, only the 1.2 L engine (3K) powered 2-door KE20 was available as a sedan and wagon / panelvan. The brakes were single system with no booster, solid discs on

6882-507: The front and rear drums. Front sway bar but no rear sway bar. Parts are not compatible with later models. In New Zealand, the 4-door KE20 was available. Most models stopped production in July 1974 but the KE26 wagon and van were still marketed in Japan alongside the new 30-series, until production finally ended in May 1978. April 1974 brought rounder, bigger and heavier Corollas and Sprinters. The range

6975-938: The key crash testing agencies across the world: Top pick+ in IIHS, 5 stars in NHTSA, 5 stars each in Euro NCAP, and Australian NCAP. It is recognised as one of the safest vehicles in its class. The Jetta GLI, a sedan equivalent of the Golf GTI based on the new Jetta, was revealed at the 2011 Chicago Auto Show with the 2.0 TSI 200 hp engine and a fully independent suspension, as well as the European Jetta's soft-touch materials. A black honeycomb grille, aggressive lower intakes, side adorning foglights, smoked taillights, dual tailpipes, red-painted calipers, and red stitching are all elements to separate it from its run-of-the-mill counterpart. The GLI, as well as

7068-596: The later Nissan Sentra , Subaru Leone , Honda Civic and Mitsubishi Lancer . The Corolla's chassis designation code is "E", as described in Toyota's chassis and engine codes. Corollas are manufactured in Japan at the original Takaoka plant built in 1966. Various production facilities have been built in Brazil, ( Indaiatuba , São Paulo ), Canada ( Cambridge, Ontario ), China ( Tianjin ), Pakistan ( Karachi ), South Africa ( Durban ), Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey ( Sakarya ), and

7161-466: The mail was designed to fit together, therefore buyers could build the houses themselves or hire contractors. Sears sourced building materials at a high volume, thus keeping prices low and competitive with the local builders. Knock-down furniture dates back to at least the mid-19th century, with the 1859 Thonet No. 14 chair bentwood chair being easily disassembled for transportation. In the late 1940s, Australian designer Frederick Charles Ward founded

7254-426: The manufacturer needs to "localize" the car further, i.e., increase the share of parts produced by local manufacturers, such as tires, wheels, seats, headlights, windscreens and glass, batteries, interior plastics, etc., even down to the engine and transmission. At some point, the steel body could be pressed, welded, and painted locally, effectively making KD assembly only a few steps away from full-scale production. By

7347-558: The milestone of 50 million Corollas sold over twelve generations in 2021. The name Corolla is part of Toyota's naming tradition of using names derived from the Toyota Crown for sedans, with " corolla " Latin for "small crown". The Corolla has always been exclusive in Japan to Toyota Corolla Store locations, and manufactured in Japan with a twin, called the Toyota Sprinter until 2000. From 2006 to 2018 in Japan and much of

7440-451: The multi-link rear suspension of the previous generation until the 2015 model year. Engines from the A5 Jetta carried over included the 127 kW (170 hp; 177 PS) 2.5 L (five-cylinder) as well as the 104 kW (140 hp; 142 PS) 2.0 TDI (diesel) engine. The SEL Premium model retained the upscale soft-touch interior, as well as the multi-link independent rear suspension found on

7533-499: The time Henry Ford co-wrote his 1922 memoir, My Life and Work , the Ford Motor Company was already shipping car parts from its Michigan plants for final assembly in the regions of the United States or foreign countries where the cars would be sold. During World War II , a significant number of US- and Canadian-built vehicles, most notably light and heavy trucks like Willys MB / Ford GPW /GPA, GMC-353/ CCKW , and vehicles from

7626-417: The wheels, internal combustion engine , transmission , and battery . They are either supplied as parts for assembly (a "complete" kit) or obtained from third parties (an "incomplete" kit); all of the interiors are already installed at the originating factory. The term SKD for semi-knocked-down refers to a kit with a complete, welded car body, usually coated or already painted. To gain extra tax preferences,

7719-400: The workforce may be less costly than in the country of origin. The plants may also be effective for low-volume production. The CKD concept allows firms in developing markets to gain expertise in a particular industry. At the same time, the CKD kit exporting company gains new markets that would otherwise be closed. In the automotive industry, the most basic form of a vehicle in the KD kit lacks

7812-690: The world where both the fourth (sold as the Volkswagen Clásico ), and sixth-generation Jetta were available simultaneously. (Both models are also both available in Colombia and Argentina). The sixth-generation Jetta replaced the fifth, known in Mexico as the Volkswagen Bora . A special edition called the "Volkswagen Jetta Edición Especial Bicentenario" and approved by the Mexican Federal Government commemorates that country's 200th anniversary of

7905-528: The world, and from 2018 to 2020 in Taiwan, the hatchback companion had been called the Toyota Auris . Early models were mostly rear-wheel drive , while later models have been front-wheel drive . Four-wheel drive versions have also been produced, and it has undergone several major redesigns. The Corolla's traditional competitors have been the Nissan Sunny , introduced the same year as the Corolla in Japan and

7998-802: The years, including the Corolla Ceres (and similar Sprinter Marino) hardtop, Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno sports coupés and hatchbacks, and the Corolla FX hatchback, which became the Corolla RunX, while the Sprinter became the Allex , with the introduction of the E120 series Corolla. The RunX and Allex was replaced by the Auris in 2006 (known only as Corolla in markets outside Japan, Europe and South Africa). A luxury version of

8091-562: Was available with the 1.4-litre turbo and 1.6-litre engine paired with a 5-speed manual gearbox for both engines, a 6-speed automatic gearbox for 1.6 models, and a 7-speed dual-clutch automatic for 1.4 models. 1.8 TSI models were available for 2014 followed by the 2.0-litre TSI for 2016 and 1.2 TSI for 2017 and 2018. Models for sale until 2019 on the FAW-Volkswagen website consist of the 1.6 Comfort, 1.6 Fashion, 180TSI, 280TSI Comfort, 280TSI Luxury and 280TSI Flagship. Other trim levels consist of

8184-617: Was done by Australian Motor Industries (AMI) in Port Melbourne, Victoria . Local content requirements were met by using Australian suppliers for the interiors (seats, carpeting, etc.) as well as for lights, heaters, and other components. Various Rambler models were assembled in New Zealand from the early 1960s until 1971 by Campbell Motors in Thames (later Toyota New Zealand ), which had also built Toyota , Datsun (later known as Nissan) , Hino, Renault, and Peugeot cars. New Zealand had developed

8277-715: Was introduced in November 1966 with the new 1100 cc K pushrod engine. The Corolla Sprinter was introduced as the fastback version in 1968, and exclusive to a Toyota Japan dealership retail outlet called Toyota Auto Store . It was the second car available to Japanese buyers at Toyota Corolla Store next to the Toyota Publica . In May 1970, the E20 was restyled with a more rounded body. The now mutually exclusive Corolla and Sprinter names were used to differentiate between two slightly different treatments of sheet metal and trim. The Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno names were introduced as

8370-645: Was rounded out with the addition of a two-door liftback . The Corollas were given E30 codes while the Sprinters were given E40 codes. A facelift in March 1976 saw most Corolla E30 models replaced by equivalent E50 models and most Sprinter E40 models were replaced by equivalent E60 models. The E30 Corolla was fitted with retracting front seat belts. In Australia, the KE3x/KE5x was available as 4-door sedan (KE30/KE55), 2-door sedan (KE30), 2-door hardtop coupe (KE35/KE55), 2-door panel van (KE36/KE38), 4-door wagon (KE36/KE38) and

8463-458: Was set to go on sale in 2014. Between 2015 and 2017, Volkswagen offered a limited-edition Jetta Sport in the US market. Based on the 1.8T SE with Connectivity (minus the sunroof), this trim adds a sport suspension, RNS 315 navigation with rearview camera, 17-inch "Joda Black" alloy wheels; two-tone heatable sport seats; foglights; black headliner; contrast stitching on leather-wrapped steering wheel, seats, handbrake and shift lever; rear spoiler. It

8556-594: Was sold in Southeast Asia, India, and Taiwan. India received a de-tuned version of the 1ZZ-FE and was comparatively slower than its rivals. The North American release was delayed until March 2002 (for the 2003 model year). The E130 was sold in North America from 2003 to 2008. It had similar look to the Corolla Altis sold in Southeast Asia. The E120 continued in parallel in separate markets to the E130. The station wagon model

8649-574: Was unveiled on 28 March 2018 at the New York International Auto Show , with the official details and photos revealed on 22 March 2018. The Corolla Hatchback was launched in Japan on 27 June 2018 as the Corolla Sport . The Corolla Hatchback went on sale in the United States in mid-July 2018, and was later launched in Australia on 7 August 2018. Production of the European market Corolla Hatchback began on 14 January 2019, and sales began in

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