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117-556: The municipal territory of Vidor is located in the northern part of the Province of Treviso, and develops partly in the plain and partly in a hilly area with various reliefs that border the Quartier del Piave to the west and north (col Polenta, 211 m; col Castellon, 235 m; col Maor, 368 m). The main waterway that crosses the municipality is the Piave river, a river sacred to the homeland, on which there

234-483: A "similar attitude towards food," whereas Chicago 's link with Warsaw , Poland began with Chicago's historic Polish community . The twinning of Indianapolis with Monza , Italy, is due to both cities' long association with auto racing . A twin towns program was instituted in the United States in 1956 when President Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed a citizen diplomacy initiative. Sister Cities International (SCI)

351-512: A "tuning" partnership based on a shared musical heritage and culture offer, at the initiative of Bristol Mayor George Ferguson . Annecy , France and Nerima , Tokyo have for several years shared a partnership based on their "co-existent animation industry". Toledo, United States twinned with Toledo, Spain in 1931, and was the first city in North America to engage in town twinning. Vancouver, Canada twinned with Odesa, Ukraine in 1944,

468-660: A Latin colony at Aquileia as a base to protect the territory of the Veneti from incursions of the hostile Carni and Histri . From then on, Roman influence over the area increased. In 169 BC 1,500 more colonising families were sent by Rome to Aquileia. In 148 BC the Via Postumia was completed connecting Aquileia to Genoa . In 131 BC, the Via Annia joined Adria to Patavium (modern Padua ) to Altinum to Concordia to Aquileia. The Roman Republic gradually transformed its alliance with

585-528: A common etymology . These similarities usually arise from sharing the same or related language or having been a colony or previously conquered. The twinning of towns and cities is sometimes done for political purposes. The Hungarian city Gyöngyös was twinned with the Azerbaijani city of Shusha in 2013, signing the twinning agreement with representatives from the Azerbaijani government; Hungary recognised Shusha as de jure part of Azerbaijan , even though it

702-559: A factory in the Republic of Karelia in Russia and offered the same profit-sharing plan to its Russian employees. China's sister city relationships are managed by the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries , a united front organization. Sister city initiatives are an increasingly widespread mechanism for Chinese public diplomacy . From the early 2000s until 2024,

819-401: A hierarchical relationship. In the 2010s, Tokyo began to actively promote 'city diplomacy' with other global cities at the initiative of governor Yoichi Masuzoe . Relationships between communities can also arise because of shared names; they may be named after one community (as in the case of Córdoba ), they may share names (as in the case of Santiago de Compostela ), or their names may have

936-600: A link that still exists. Since 9 April 1956 Rome and Paris have been exclusively and reciprocally twinned with each other, following the motto: "Only Paris is worthy of Rome; only Rome is worthy of Paris." Within Europe, town twinning is supported by the European Union. The support scheme was established in 1989. In 2003 an annual budget of about € 12 million was allocated to about 1,300 projects. The Council of European Municipalities and Regions also works closely with

1053-473: A parish towards the end of the 15th century. Between 1729 and 1748 it was rebuilt at the foot of the slopes of the castle hill, where the old church was located, now in ruins and isolated; the bell tower was built between 1857 and 1885. It suffered serious damage during the First World War, the only building of the entire complex that remained almost intact was the bell tower, probably useful to enemy forces as

1170-533: A point of reference. The bell tower contains a mighty concert of three bells plus a recall ring. Between 1107 and 1110 a certain Giovanni Gravone da Vidor founded a Benedictine abbey to house the relics of a Saint Bona which he had brought from the Holy Land during the first crusade.It represented a powerful institution, but ended up rapidly declining: in the 15th century it was definitively given in commendation to

1287-627: A sausage factory. Located in the immediate vicinity of the bridge over the Piave built by the company Odorico & C and inaugurated on 11 June 1870 to replace a previous ancient building that stood a little further downstream, the town of Vidor between 1913 and 1931 was located from the Covolo-Vidor station and the Vidor stop, located respectively south and north of the bridge itself, along the Montebelluna-Valdobbiadene Tramway, which at

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1404-409: A sort of international relations that works in parallel to the conventional system involving embassies, ambassadors, and treaties negotiated at the level of nation states . According to Rodrigo Tavares , the earliest formal attempts to establish city diplomacy across national boundaries took place in the 19th century. Only a handful of cities were involved in the 19th-century efforts; it was not until

1521-537: A twin town. Twinned towns are often chosen because of similarities between them; thus about 15 towns in Wales are twinned with towns in Brittany , and Oxford is with Bonn , Leiden , Grenoble and other university cities. In Italy, two sets of twins are Rovigo with Viernheim , and Bedford with Tulcea . Many former West German cities are twinned with former East German cities; these twinning links were established before

1638-423: Is Luca Zaia ( Liga Veneta – Lega Nord ), re-elected in 2020 with 76.8% of the vote. An autonomy referendum took place in 2017: 57.2% of Venetians turned out, 98.1% voting "yes" to "further forms and special conditions of autonomy". Having been for a long period in history a land of mass emigration, Veneto is today one of the greatest immigrant-receiving regions in the country, with 487,493 foreigners (9.9% of

1755-507: Is twinned with: Veneto#Climate Veneto ( US : / ˈ v ɛ n ə t oʊ , ˈ v eɪ n -/ VEN -ə-toh, VAYN - ; Italian: [ˈvɛːneto] ) or the Venetia is one of the 20 regions of Italy , located in the north-east of the country . It is the fourth most populous region in Italy, with a population of about five million. Venice is the region's capital and

1872-539: Is also the head of the Regional Government . Legislative power is exerted by the Regional Council , the local parliament. The Statute (i.e. the law establishing and regulating the regional institution, which was first promulgated on 22 May 1971), uses the term "people" for Venetians, but, like in the case of Sardinians , this is not a legal recognition of any differences from other Italian citizens. Moreover,

1989-534: Is characterised by its: The climate changes significantly from one area to another: while it is continental on the plains, it is milder along the Adriatic coast; around the Lake Garda and in the hilly areas. The lowlands are often covered by thick fog, in winter; precipitations that are scarce – 750 mm per year – close to the river Po , but are more abundant – from 750 to 1100 mm per year – at higher altitudes;

2106-534: Is divided into the Metropolitan City of Venice and 6 provinces and also divided in 581 municipalities. Of the seven provinces of the region, the Province of Padua is the most populous and has the greatest density, with 424. 81 persons per km , reaching 2268. 58 in the city of Padua . In contrast the capital city, Venice, has a moderate density of 646. 71. The province of least density is Belluno (58. 08), which

2223-415: Is in a separate smaller painting (above its main one) showing a beech tree, intended as a symbol of prosperity and from which Carshalton Beeches in the borough derives its name. Another example of the use of public art is the wall sculpture of the partner cities of Munich , Germany. A recent study has concluded that geographical distance has very little, if any, influence upon communities' selections of

2340-543: Is located in the hilly area and part of the flat one, where the climate is milder. In 1986 a small necropolis was found under Piazza Maggiore, dating back to the fourth century. The area was therefore frequented in Roman times, also given the passage of the Via Claudia Augusta Altinate. In the eastern part of the municipality, moreover, the regularity of the agrarian arrangement would prove the ancient centuriation of

2457-405: Is not among the autonomous regions with special statute , unlike its north-eastern and north-western neighbours, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol respectively. Veneto is home to a notable nationalist movement, known as Venetian nationalism or Venetism. The region's largest party is Liga Veneta , a founding component of Lega Nord . The current President of Veneto

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2574-685: Is one of the historic bridges that connect the right and left banks of the river, the Vidor Bridge. There are also two other streams, worthy of note, that flow in the municipal area: the Teva stream and, in the hamlet of Colbertaldo, the Rosper stream, which contributes to the formation of the characteristic palù, wetlands typical of the Treviso Left Piave. Among the various climatic zones of the Veneto region, Vidor

2691-453: Is the largest in area and the most mountainous. The region has about 4.8 million inhabitants, ranking Veneto as the fifth most populated region in Italy. Veneto has one of the highest population densities among the Italian regions (265 inhabitants per km in 2008). This is particularly true in the provinces of Padua , Venice and Treviso , where the inhabitants per km are above 300. Belluno

2808-401: Is the least densely populated province, with 57 inhabitants per km . Like the other regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy , though with a certain time lag, Veneto has been experiencing a phase of very slow population growth caused by the dramatic fall in fertility. The overall population has so far been increasing – though only slightly – due to the net immigration started at the end of

2925-447: Is twinned with Dorval, Quebec ; Huai'an, China , and Neyagawa, Osaka , Japan. Town twinning begins for a variety of reasons. Generally, partner towns have similar demographics and size. They may arise from business connections, travel, similar industries, diaspora communities, or shared history. For example, the partnership between Portland, Oregon and Bologna , Italy arose from shared industries in biotechnology and education, and

3042-537: The Adriatic Sea are characterised by the Venetian Lagoon , a flat terrain with ponds, marshes and islands. The Po Delta to the south features sandbars and dunes along the coastline. The inland portion contains cultivable land recently reclaimed by a system of canals and dykes . Fish ponds have been created there as well. The delta and the lagoon are a stopping-point for migratory birds . Veneto's morphology

3159-697: The Austrian Empire as the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia , until that was merged with the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence and of a plebiscite . Besides Italian , most inhabitants also speak Venetian . Since 1971, the Statute of Veneto has referred to the region's citizens as "the Venetian people". Article 1 defines Veneto as an "autonomous Region", "constituted by

3276-595: The Battle of Philippi (42 BC) ended the Roman Civil War , the lands of the Veneti, together with the rest of Cisalpine Gaul , ceased to be a province. Between 8 and 6 BC, Augustus reorganized Italia into 11 regions. The territory of modern Veneto along with Istria , modern Friuli and Trentino-Alto Adige and eastern Lombardy (including its cities of Mantua , Cremona , Brescia , and Sondrio ) became Region X ( Venetia et Histria ). Aquileia, although not officially

3393-681: The Church of Rome . The invasion of the non-Catholic Lombards in 568 only served to prolong the schism until 606 and then finally 699 when the Synod of Pavia definitively ended the schism. Town twinning A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties. While there are early examples of international links between municipalities akin to what are known as sister cities or twin towns today dating back to

3510-731: The First World War on the side of the France and the United Kingdom , after extricating itself from its alliance with Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire . Veneto became a major battlefront. After the Italians suffered an enormous defeat at Caporetto in November 1917, the combined Austro-Hungarian and German forces advanced almost unhindered through Veneto towards Venice until reaching

3627-706: The Italian Social Republic , while the province of Belluno was part of the Prealpine Operations Zone . Many towns in the region were bombed by the Allies during the Second World War. The most hit were Treviso and Vicenza, as well as the industrial area around Marghera . Veneto is a semi-presidential representative democracy . The President of Veneto , colloquially nicknamed Governor or even Doge in remembrance of Venice's traditional head of state,

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3744-640: The Lombard League ) was formed among the Venetian cities such as Padua, Treviso, Vicenza, and Verona with other cities of Northern Italy to assert their rights against the Holy Roman Emperor . The Second Treaty of Constance in 1183 confirmed the Peace of Venice of 1177 in which the cities agreed to remain part of the Empire as long as their jurisdiction over their own territories was not infringed upon. The league

3861-690: The Piave River. The Battle of the Piave River prevented their troops from advancing further and was celebrated in La Leggenda del Piave . Between 24 October and 3 November 1918, Italy launched the decisive Battle of Vittorio Veneto . The battle's outcome assured Italy's victory. The Armistice of Villa Giusti which ended warfare between Italy and Austria-Hungary in World War I , was signed at Villa Giusti near Padua. Between 1943 and 1945, Veneto belonged to

3978-669: The Roman Rite replaced the Aquileian Rite . By the 6th century the bishop of Aquileia claimed the title of patriarch . Rejection of the Second Council of Constantinople (553) led to a schism wherein the bishops of Aquileia , Liguria , Aemilia , Milan and of the Istrian peninsula all refused to condemn the Three Chapters leading to the churches of Veneto to break communion with

4095-678: The Romans , as Rome expanded and struggled against the Insubres and Boii ( Celts ). During the Second Punic War (218 – 202 BC), the Veneti even sent a contingent of soldiers to fight alongside the Romans against Hannibal and the invading Carthaginians. These Venetians were among those slaughtered at the Battle of Cannae (216 BC). In 181 BC a Roman triumvirate of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica , Caius Flaminius , and Lucius Manlius Acidinus founded

4212-514: The Siege of Venice ended. The Austrian imperial government was unpopular among upper and middle classes because of Metternich 's anti- liberal politics, turned by Emperor Franz Joseph into neo-absolutism after 1848, and for not granting Lombardo–Venetia any real autonomy (it was considered less than a puppet state ). At the same time, it was appreciated for the efficient and honest administration, especially among lower classes, after 1848–1849 there

4329-684: The Tre Cime di Lavaredo and the Pale di San Martino . The Venetian Prealps are not as high and range between 700 m (2,300 ft) and 2,200 m (7,200 ft). A distinctive landmark of the Pre-alps are the cave formations, including chasms and sink holes; the Spluta Della Preta , situated in the Monti Lessini chain in the province of Verona , has an explored depth of 985 m (3,232 ft), being

4446-563: The Treaty of Campoformio signed on 17 October 1797, part of the Venetian mainland was handed over to Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire and a western part was annexed to the French backed Cisalpine Republic . The territory soon reverted to Napoleon in 1801. In 1805–1806, Veneto was conquered by Napoleon's armies and included in the Kingdom of Italy . During 1809, the region revolted against

4563-1055: The Venetian Republic enjoyed 1100 years of uninterrupted influence throughout the Mediterranean . By the 16th century, the Venetian Republic dominated Veneto, Friuli , parts of Lombardy and Romagna , Istria , Dalmatia , the Ionian Islands of Corfu, Cefalonia, Ithaca and Zante. From the 13th to 17th centuries, it held the island of Crete and from the mid-15th to mid-16th century, the island of Cyprus . Venetian mainland holdings led to Venetian involvement in European and in particular, Italian politics. Cities had to be fortified, two impressive examples are Nafplio in Peloponnese and Palmanova in Friuli. The wise rule and prosperity brought by

4680-684: The World Economic Forum . In addition to C40, other organisations facilitating city diplomacy include the World Cities Summit , City Mayors Foundation , the Smart City Expo World Congress , the Strong City Network and 100 Resilient Cities. As of 2016, there were over 125 such multilateral networks and forums to facilitate international collaboration between different municipal authorities. A Bill introduced in

4797-522: The "Serenissima" (most serene republic) made the cities of the terra firma willing subjects. Eastern Islands served as useful ports for Venetian shipping. However, as the Ottoman Empire grew more powerful and aggressive, Venice was often put on the defensive. Ottoman control of the eastern Mediterranean and the discoveries of sea routes to Asia around Africa and of the Americas had a debilitating effect on

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4914-485: The 1848 First Italian War of Independence , Venetia rose against the central Austrian government, forming the Republic of San Marco , which lasted 17 months. It asked to be annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia to form an Italian confederation against Austria, then using the Italian tricolour in its flag, but, after the other Italian states left the war (May 1848) and Sardinia surrendered (August 1848, then March 1849), Venetia stood alone. It surrendered on 24 August 1849, when

5031-504: The 1970s and 1980s, demanding more autonomy, a special statute or even independence, and promoting Venetian culture, language and history. This is the political background in which the Liga Veneta was launched in 1980. Other regionalist/nationalist groupings, including Liga Veneta Repubblica , North-East Project and the avowed separatist Veneto State , Venetian Independence and Plebiscito.eu , emerged but they have never touched

5148-410: The 1980s, after more than 20 years of massive exodus from the poorer areas of the region. Nearly 3 million Venetians left their country between 1861 and 1961 to escape poverty. Many emigrated to Brazil and Argentina . After World War II , they moved to other European countries. In 2008, there were 260,849 Venetian citizens living outside of Italy (5.4% of the region's population), the largest number

5265-563: The 1990s, when the Nottingham City Council in the UK considered installing a tram network, it consulted experts from its twin city of Karlsruhe , which has one of the most extensive and efficient tram networks in Germany. With assistance from Karlsruhe's specialist engineers, Nottingham completed its second tram line in 2013. In 2014, Bristol and New Orleans announced their intention to form

5382-416: The 2019 session of the US Congress would have legislated for a City and State Diplomacy Act to create a new Office of Subnational Diplomacy at the Department of State . H.R.3571 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): City and State Diplomacy Act. Recently, the field of city diplomacy has taken a step beyond city-to-city exchanges to target the facilitation of dialogue between cities and multilateral organs, such as

5499-449: The 9th century, the modern concept was first established and adopted worldwide during World War II . Throughout history, many cities have participated in various cultural exchanges and similar activities that might resemble a sister-city or twin-city relationship, but the first officially documented case of such a relationship was a signed agreement between the leaders of the cities of Toledo, Ohio and Toledo, Spain in 1931. However,

5616-430: The Battle of Stalingrad. The twinning between Coventry and Stalingrad was formalized in 1944 and, after the end of the war, similar links were established to foster friendship and understanding among former foes as an act of peace and reconciliation, with new twinnings between Coventry and German cities: Kiel as early as in 1947 and Dresden in 1956. In 1957, Coventry was officially twinned with Belgrade, even though

5733-414: The Blessed Virgin of Sorrows, designed by the Venetian architect Brenno Del Giudice. This place can be reached via a path bordered by a via crucis. The locality, still called Castello today, hosts the Palio di Vidor every year, an event that recalls the numerous attacks that the fortress suffered in medieval times and beyond. The complex is made up of some buildings, including the actual villa (rebuilt after

5850-413: The Cornaro family and in 1773 the Serenissima decreed its suppression. Almost completely destroyed during the Great War. It was restored in the 1920s and currently shows heavy signs of renovation. At the site where the Vidor castle stood (destroyed in 1510), there is an ossuary monument commemorating the soldiers who fell during the world wars. The entire monument is dominated by a small temple dedicated to

5967-400: The Dutch city was still occupied by the German Army in the final months of the war, and children from each city took part in exchanges in 1945 and 1946. Similarly, in 1947, Bristol Corporation (later Bristol City Council) sent five "leading citizens" on a goodwill mission to Hanover . Reading in 1947 was the first British town to form links with a former "enemy" city – Düsseldorf ,

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6084-479: The French town; formal twinning charters were not exchanged until 1986. The practice was continued after the Second World War as a way to promote mutual understanding and cross-border projects of mutual benefit. For example, Coventry twinned with Stalingrad and later with Dresden as an act of peace and reconciliation, all three cities having been heavily bombed during the war. The city of Bath formed an " Alkmaar Adoption committee" in March 1945, when

6201-429: The French-Italian rule, supporting the advancing Austrian troops during the War of the Fifth Coalition . It was mainly a peasant revolt, less organised than the nearby Andreas Hofer 's revolt, while urban national guard troops fought on the French-Italian side. After the Congress of Vienna , 1814–1815, Venetia was the eastern half of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia , a separate kingdom of the Austrian Empire . During

6318-406: The Great War) and the vast surrounding areas. Nearby stands the oratory of San Giuseppe, patron saint of the municipality, to which travelers who had to cross the Piave took their vows. Since 2010 the municipal headquarters has been located in the building of the former Innocente Zadra schools. It is an elegant and prestigious building built, at the behest of the Zadra family, in 1930 and inaugurated

6435-402: The Huns devastated the area. Attila laid siege to Aquileia and turned it into a ruin in 452 AD. Many of the mainland inhabitants sought protection in the nearby lagoons which would become Grado in the east and Venice more to the west. On the heels of the Huns came the Ostrogoths who not only invaded, but also settled down in the region, especially near Treviso where the penultimate king Totila

6552-518: The Netherlands, the term is jumelage , partnerstad or stedenband ("city bond" when providing mutual support). In Greece, the word αδελφοποίηση ( adelphopiisi  – fraternisation) has been adopted. In Iceland, the terms vinabæir (friend towns) and vinaborgir (friend cities) are used. In the former Soviet Bloc , "twin towns" and "twin cities" were used, and in Russian, they use города-побратимы (sworn brother cities). The Americas, South Asia, and Australasia use

6669-470: The Scottish village of Dull and the US town of Boring, Oregon , agreed to twin their municipalities to promote tourism in both places, playing on their names. Recently some towns have made novelty twinning arrangements with fictional or virtual locations. Wincanton , England is partnered with Ankh-Morpork from Terry Pratchett 's Discworld books . Town twinning has increasingly been used to form strategic international business links. For example, in

6786-445: The US). In Japan, the international city relations may be split into multiple terms, such as Sister Cities, Friendship Cooperation Cities, Business Partner Cities (BPC), Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), Sister Ports / Friendship Ports, etc. China mostly uses the term "friendship cooperation cities" rather than "sister cities", as the Chinese words for sisters, "姐妹" (reading: jiěmèi, literally elder sister and younger sister), could imply

6903-407: The United Kingdom, the term "twin towns" is most commonly used; the term "sister cities" is generally used for agreements with towns and cities in the Americas. In mainland Europe, the most commonly used terms are "twin towns", "partnership towns", "partner towns", and "friendship towns". The European Commission uses the term "twinned towns" and refers to the process as "town twinning". Spain uses

7020-706: The United Nations. Not only cities and towns, but also provinces, states, territories, and regions enter into twinning agreements. For example, the Canadian province of Alberta has "sister province" agreements with Gangwon, South Korea (since 1974), Hokkaido, Japan (since 1980), Heilongjiang, China (1981), Jalisco, Mexico (1999), Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine (2004), Lviv, Ukraine (2005), Guangdong, China (2017), and California, United States (2018), as well as policy-oriented (as opposed to economic and cultural) agreements with Nevada, United States (since 2013), Missouri, United States (2015), and Texas, United States (2018). The earliest known town twinning in Europe

7137-674: The Veneti into a relationship of dominance. After the 91 BC Italic rebellion, the cities of the Veneti, together with the rest of Transpadania , were granted partial rights of Roman citizenship according to the Lex Pompeia de Transpadanis . Later in 49 BC, by the Lex Roscia granted full Roman citizenship to the Veneti. The Via Claudia would be completed in AD 46 to connected Altinum, Tarvisium (modern Treviso), Feltria (modern Feltre ), and Tridentum (modern Trento). From Tridentum it continued northwards to Pons Drusus and further to Augusta Vindelicorum (modern Augsburg ), and southwards from Trento to Verona and Mutina (modern Modena ). After

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7254-399: The Venetian economy. In 1797, Napoleon invaded the territory of the Venetian Republic . Overwhelmed by more powerful forces, Doge Ludovico Manin resigned and retired to his villa at Passariano in Friuli and the thousand year old Republic disappeared as an independent state . This proved very unpopular in the mainland cities where sympathies were strong with the Republic of Venice. By

7371-463: The Venetian origin of their inhabitants. In recent years, people of Venetian descent from Brazil and Argentina have been migrating to Italy. Due to the impressive economic growth of the last two decades, Veneto has turned into a land of immigration and has been attracting more and more immigrants since the 1990s. In 2008, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 403,985 foreign-born immigrants live in Veneto, equal to 8.3% of

7488-428: The Venetian people and the lands of the provinces of Belluno, Padua, Rovigo, Treviso, Venice, Verona and Vicenza", while maintaining "bonds with Venetians in the world". Article 2 sets forth the principle of the "self-government of the Venetian people" and mandates the Region to "promote the historical identity of the Venetian people and civilisation". Despite these affirmations, approved by the Italian Parliament , Veneto

7605-421: The Venetian population sought refuge on some of the isolated and unoccupied islands in the lagoon, from which the city of Venetiae or Venice was born. After a period of Byzantine domination in 8th century, Venice became an independent maritime Republic ruled by its elected doge . The Republic became a commercial superpower and its influence lasted through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance . In fact,

7722-407: The aim of welcoming the numerous wayfarers who passed through the town. Vidor was hit hard by the First World War: being right at the Piave front, it was occupied by the Central Powers until the end of the conflict. During the fierce fighting, the artistic heritage of the village, such as the church and the abbey, was damaged. Moreover, thanks to its strategic importance, during the First World War it

7839-426: The capital was the chief municipium of the region. Meanwhile, under the Pax Romana , Patavium developed into one of the most important cities of northern Italy. Other Venetic cities such as Opitergium (modern Oderzo ), Tarvisium, Feltria, Vicetia (modern Vicenza), Ateste (modern Este), and Altinum (modern Altino) adopted the Latin language and the culture of Rome. By the end of the 1st century AD Latin had displaced

7956-470: The commission (DG Education and Culture) to promote modern, high quality twinning initiatives and exchanges that involve all sections of the community. It has launched a website dedicated to town twinning. As of 1995, the European Union had more than 7,000 bilateral relationships involving almost 10,000 European municipalities, primarily French (2837 twinnings) and German (2485 twinnings). Public art has been used to celebrate twin town links, for instance in

8073-405: The deepest cave in Italy. Fossil deposits are also abundant there. The Po Valley , covering 57% of Veneto, extends from the mountains to the Adriatic sea , broken only by some low hills: Euganean Hills , Berici Hills Colli Asolani and Montello , which constitute the remaining 14% of the territory. The plain itself is subdivided into the higher plain (gravel-strewn and not very fertile) and

8190-442: The division of Veneto from Friuli. The invasion provoked another wave of migration from the mainland to the Byzantine controlled coast and islands. In 643 AD the Lombards conquered the Byzantine base at Oderzo and took possession of practically all of Veneto (and Friuli) except for Venice and Grado. The 36 Lombard duchies included the Venetian cities of Ceneda , Treviso, Verona, and Vicenza. A reminder of Lombard rule can be seen in

8307-410: The fall of the Iron Curtain . Famous examples are the partnerships of Hanover and Leipzig , both of which have important trade fair grounds , or between Hamburg and Dresden. The first US-German town twinning was in 1947 between Worthington, Minnesota and Crailsheim . St Petersburg in Russia holds the record for the largest number of partnership arrangements with other communities. In June 2012,

8424-421: The following year. The external facades of the building are decorated with frescoes depicting symbols related to education and work. The entrance to the palace consists of three arches, with Corinthian style columns, equipped with ornamental wrought iron gates. Once past the entrance arches there is an elegant frescoed atrium. As of December 31, 2022, foreigners residents in the municipality were 379, i.e. 10.2% of

8541-459: The form of seven mural paintings in the centre of the town of Sutton , Greater London. The five main paintings show a number of the main features of the London Borough of Sutton and its four twin towns, along with the heraldic shield of each above the other images. Each painting also features a plant as a visual representation of its town's environmental awareness . In the case of Sutton this

8658-553: The genocide in 2016, some twin agreements such as Edirne – Haskovo were terminated by Turkey. China manages sister city relationships through the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries (CPAFFC). In April 2019, CPAFFC president Li Xiaolin said, “Friendship city relations have become one of the important channels to implement the Belt and Road Initiative .” In January 2020, Shanghai canceled its sister city relationship with Prague after Prague's mayor signed

8775-780: The highest values – up to 3200 mm per year – are recorded in the Bellunese Prealps, near Mount Pasubio and on the Asiago plateau . Between the 2nd and 1st millennium BC, the region was inhabited by the Euganei . According to ancient historians, who perhaps wanted to link Venetic origins to legend of Roman origins in Troy , the Veneti (often called the Palaeoveneti ) came from Paphlagonia in Anatolia at

8892-571: The largest city. Veneto was part of the Roman Empire until the 5th century AD. Later, after a feudal period , it was part of the Republic of Venice until 1797. Venice ruled for centuries over one of the largest and richest maritime republics and trade empires in the world. After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna , the former Republic was combined with Lombardy and re-annexed to

9009-595: The link actually dates back to 1953 when then Yugoslav Ambassador visited Coventry and offered a gift of timber from his native country for use in the new Civic Theatre, which when finished was named Belgrade Theatre . The purpose of twinnings was then expanded to encourage trade and tourism or to reflect other links, such as towns sharing the same name or migration links. By the 2000s, town twinning became increasingly used to form strategic international business links among member cities, and may include localities of any scope such as villages, prefectures, or countries. In

9126-542: The lower plain (rich in water sources and arable terrain). The lower plain is both a mainstay of agricultural production and the most populated part of the region. Several rivers flow through the region: the Po , Adige , Brenta , Bacchiglione , Livenza , Piave , and Tagliamento . The eastern shore of the largest lake in Italy, Lake Garda , belongs to Veneto. The coastline covers approximately 200 km (120 mi), of which 100 km (62 mi) are beaches. The coasts of

9243-586: The modern concept of town twinning appeared during the Second World War. More specifically, it was inspired by the bombing of Coventry on 14 November 1940, known as the Coventry Blitz . First conceived by the then Mayor of Coventry , Alfred Robert Grindlay , culminating in his renowned telegram to the people of Stalingrad (now Volgograd ) in 1942, the idea emerged as a way of establishing solidarity links between cities in allied countries that went through similar devastating events. The comradeship between

9360-582: The most important. It was the headquarters of the Cassa Rurale ed Artigiana di Vidor which, after various vicissitudes, merged into the Banca della Marca. During the last century, the industrial production of the village was practically the monopoly of the Zadra silk factory. This Filanda-Setificio will operate until 1964 when it will have to close because of competition from China and other countries. Now renovated and become

9477-569: The number of China's sister city relationships doubled. More than one-third of Chinese sister city relationships are with sister cities in the east Asia Pacific region. Town twinning is supported in Japan by the Council of Local Authorities for International Relations , a joint agency of local governments established by the Japanese government in 1988 (similar to Sister Cities International , its counterpart in

9594-459: The original Venetic language . In 166 AD the Quadi and Marcomanni invaded Venetia. It was the beginning of many barbarian invasions. Marcus Aurelius retaining the regions of Italia , superimposed another layer of administration by ascribing Regions X and XI to the district of Transpadana under a iuridicus . The end of the 3rd c. brought further administrative changes when Diocletian abolished

9711-496: The other Italic languages . Meanwhile, the Veneti prospered through their trade in amber and breeding of horses. Este , Padua , Oderzo , Adria , Vicenza , Verona , and Altino became centres of Venetic culture. Over time, the Veneti began to adopt the dress and certain other customs of their Celtic neighbours. During the 3rd century BC, the Veneti , together with the Cenomani Celts on their western border, sided with

9828-562: The place names beginning with the word Farra . By the middle of the 8th century, the Franks had assumed political control of the region and the mainland of Veneto became part of the Carolingian Empire . Though politically dominant, these Germanic invaders were gradually absorbed into the Venetian population over the centuries. In the late 9th century, Berengar , Margrave of the March of Friuli

9945-587: The popularity of Liga Veneta, which was a founding member of Lega Nord in 1991. Venetian Independence and other alike groups have been long proposing a referendum on the independence of Veneto from Italy . After the Regional Council approved a resolution on self-determination (with an explicit reference to a referendum) in November 2012, a referendum bill was proposed in April 2013. Plebiscite 2013 organised an online referendum , with no official recognition, for 16–21 March 2014. According to organisers, turnout

10062-416: The population. The largest groups are shown below: The area of Vidor, included in the Quartier del Piave, is known for its wine production, especially for the cultivation of Prosecco of Valdobbiadene. Still of some importance is the cultivation of corn and potatoes. Numerous small and medium-sized enterprises have given rise to the formation of industrial and craft areas, with the production of furniture being

10179-501: The region is not granted a form of autonomy comparable to that of neighbouring Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol . This is the reason why many municipalities have held referendums in order to be united to these regions. Traditionally a very Catholic region, Veneto was once the heartland of Christian Democracy , which won a record 60.5% of the vote in the 1948 general election , polled above 50% in each and every general and regional election until 1983 and governed

10296-457: The region since its establishment in 1970 to 1994. After that, Veneto has been a stronghold of the centre-right coalition , which has governed the region since 1995, first under President Giancarlo Galan ( Forza Italia / The People of Freedom ) and, since 2010, Luca Zaia ( Liga Veneta – Lega Nord ). In the 2020 regional election Liga Veneta–Lega Nord won a combined 61.5% of the vote (sum of party list and Zaia's personal list), followed by

10413-415: The regional population; January 2018), notably including Romanians (25.2%), Moroccans (9.3%), Chinese (7.1%), Moldovans (7.0%) and Albanians (6.9%). Veneto is the 8th largest region in Italy, with a total area of 18,398.9 km (7,103.9 sq mi). It is located in the north-eastern part of Italy and is bordered to the east by Friuli-Venezia Giulia , to the south by Emilia-Romagna , to

10530-515: The regions and districts and established provinciae . Thus, Region X ( Venetia et Histria ) became Province VIII ( Venetia et Histria ), being enlarged in the west up to the Adda River governed by a corrector until 363 and from 368 to 373 by a consularius seated at Aquileia. Venetia et Histria remained one of the 16 Provinces of Italy in the 5th century when both Alaric the Goth and then Attila and

10647-476: The term "ciudades hermanadas", which means "sister cities". Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic each use Partnerstadt (German), miasto partnerskie (Polish) and partnerské město (Czech), which translate as "partner town" or "partner city". France uses ville jumelée (jumelage, twinned town or city), and Italy has gemellaggio (twinning) and comune gemellato (twinned municipality). In

10764-513: The term "sister cities" or "twin cities". In China, the term is 友好城市 (yǒuhǎo chéngshì – friendly cities). Sometimes, other government bodies enter into a twinning relationship, such as the agreement between the provinces of Hainan in China and Jeju in South Korea. The Douzelage is a town twinning association with one town from each of the member states of the European Union. Though

10881-454: The term is often used interchangeably with the term "friendship city", this may mean a relationship with a more limited scope in comparison to a sister city relationship, and friendship city relationships are mayor-to-mayor agreements. City diplomacy is a form of paradiplomacy that involves discussions between officials and residents of different cities. Often these cities will be located in different countries. As such, city diplomacy involves

10998-515: The territory. In the Middle Ages, the strategic importance of Vidor as a road junction and river port on the Piave (exploited until 1871), led to the construction of the castle, which has now disappeared, and the abbey, which contributed to the reclamation of the area. In the thirteenth century, the Pio Ospedale di Santa Maria dei Battuti was founded, managed by the confraternity of the same name, with

11115-582: The three main Italian parties of the time, the Democratic Party (11.9%), the Brothers of Italy (9.6%) and Forza Italia (3.6%). According to Robert D. Putnam , the "institutional performance" of Veneto's regional government is higher than average in Italy and Veneto belongs to the "civic North". Venetian nationalism is a regionalist/nationalist political movement which gained prominence in Veneto during

11232-585: The time of the Fall of Troy (12th century BC), led by prince Antenor , a comrade of Aeneas . Other historians link Venetic origins with Celts . In the 7th–6th centuries BC the local populations of Veneto entered into contact with the Etruscans and the Greeks . Venetic culture reached a high point during the 4th century BC. These ancient Veneti spoke Venetic , an Indo-European language akin to, but distinct from Latin and

11349-554: The time represented an important development tool for the economy of the area. Today, public mobility is managed by the company Mobilità di Marca S.p.A. (MOM), in particular the lines to Valdobbiadene, Montebelluna, Pieve di Soligo and Conegliano pass through Vidor. In addition the municipal area is served by the tourist red line, "Prosecco Hills Link" which crosses the entire area of the Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene, connecting Conegliano, Vidor to Valdobbiadene. Vidor

11466-405: The total regional population. Veneto converted to Christianity during Roman rule. The region venerates as its patrons the 2nd-century bishop St. Hermagoras and his deacon St. Fortunatus, both of Aquileia and both martyrs. Aquileia became the metropolitan see of Venetia. Aquileia had its own liturgical rites which were used throughout the dioceses of Veneto until the later Middle Ages when

11583-418: The turn of the millennium that it became much more common. The first priority of those carrying out city diplomacy typically overlaps with the core aims of municipal government – improving the lives of local residents. Yet they will often collaborate with peers in other cities to work on issues of planet-wide concern, such as efforts to address climate change . The phrase "city diplomacy" is formally used in

11700-509: The two cities continued, when again in response to the Battle of Stalingrad , 830 women in Coventry – led by the subsequent Mayor Emily Smith – had their names embroidered on a tablecloth along with the words "Little help is better than a lot of pity" and sent it, along with money (each donated six pence), to the people of Stalingrad. The tablecloth can now be seen at the Panorama Museum of

11817-460: The wars ended, the Treaty of Vienna ceded the region to neutral France, but left the fortresses under Austrian control for a time. Following protests, the Austrians left and the French ceded it to Italy on 20 October. A referendum – where only 30% of the adult population voted as was custom in the period, and did so under government pressure – was held on 21–22 October and ratified the handover. There

11934-683: The west by Lombardy and to the north by Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol . In its northernmost corner it also borders Austria . The north–south extension of Veneto is 210 km (130 mi) from the Austrian border to the mouth of the River Po . By area, 29% of its surface is mountainous ( Carnic Alps , eastern Dolomites and Venetian Prealps ). The highest massif in the Dolomites is the Marmolada -massif at 3,342 m (10,965 ft). Other dolomitic peaks are

12051-792: The workings of the United Cities and Local Governments and the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group , and is recognised by the USC Center on Public Diplomacy . A March 2014 debate in the British House of Lords acknowledged the evolution of town twinning into city diplomacy, particularly in matters of trade and tourism, but also in culture and post-conflict reconciliation. The importance of cities developing "their own foreign economic policies on trade, foreign investment, tourism and attracting foreign talent" has also been highlighted by

12168-702: The world. Many settled down in South America, especially in Brazil ; others in Australia , Canada , and the United States of America . After the Second World War , many Venetians emigrated to Western European countries. In many of these places, their descendants have maintained the use of their ancestral Venetian dialects. Those who remained in Veneto would experience the turmoil of two World Wars . In 1915, Italy entered

12285-577: Was elected king of Italy. Under his tumultuous reign, the March of Friuli was absorbed into the March of Verona so that Verona's territory contained a large portion of Roman Venetia. In the 10th century, the mainland of Veneto, after suffering raids from the Magyars and the Slavs , was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire . Gradually, the communes of the mainland grew in power and wealth. In 1167 an alliance (called

12402-473: Was 63.2% (2.36 million voters) and 89.1% of participants (56.6 of all eligible voters) voted yes. Several news sources, however, contested these results, saying that participants were at most 135,000 (3.6% of eligible voters) based on public independent web traffic statistics. On 22 October 2017 an official autonomy referendum took place in Veneto: 57.2% of Venetians participated and 98.1% voted "yes". Veneto

12519-415: Was a 99.99% majority for Italy. During the fascist era , due to the nationalist policy the Venetian language, as other local languages, was banned in public spaces. Due to uneven economic development reducing many to poverty, the 19th century and the first half of the 20th became a period of emigration. Millions of Venetians left their homes and their native land to seek opportunities in other parts of

12636-509: Was between Paderborn , Germany, and Le Mans , France, in 836. Starting in 1905, Keighley in West Yorkshire, England, had a twinning arrangement with French communities Suresnes and Puteaux . The first recorded modern twinning agreement was between Keighley and Poix-du-Nord in Nord, France, in 1920 following the end of the World War I . This was initially referred to as an adoption of

12753-635: Was born. During the mid-6th century, Justinian reconquered Venetia for the Eastern Roman Empire . An Exarch was established at Ravenna while a military tribune was set up in Oderzo. Greek-Byzantine rule did not last long. Starting in 568 AD, the Lombards crossed the Julian Alps . These invaders subdivided the territory of Venetia into numerous feuds ruled by Germanic dukes and counts, essentially creating

12870-469: Was chosen to make a "bridgehead "to allow the troops retreating from the defeat of Caporetto to cross the Piave. The archpriest's church, the work of Giovanni Rossi, is dedicated to the Holy Name of Mary and probably dates back to before 1000, when the castle was built, and served both the small local population and the feudal lords. Formerly a chapel dependent on the parish church of Col San Martino, it became

12987-558: Was controlled at the time and until 2020 by the military forces of Armenia and the unrecognised Republic of Artsakh . An attempt was made in 2003 by Preston city councillors in England to twin with the Palestinian town of Nablus in the name of solidarity. Turkey bans partnerships with any city in a country that recognizes the Armenian genocide . As a result, when Bulgaria recognized

13104-516: Was dissolved at the death of Emperor Frederick II in 1250. This period also witnessed the founding of the second oldest university in Italy, the University of Padua founded in 1222. Around this time, Padua also served as home to St. Anthony , the beloved Saint called simply "il Santo" ("the Saint") by the inhabitants of the town. As the barbarians were interested in the wealth of the mainland, part of

13221-533: Was found in Brazil, with 57,052 Venetians, followed by Switzerland , with 38,320, and Argentina , with 31,823. There are several million people of Venetian descent around the world, particularly in Brazil, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul , Santa Catarina and Paraná . Local names in Southern Brazil such as Nova Schio, Nova Bassano , Nova Bréscia , Nova Treviso, Nova Veneza , Nova Pádua and Monteberico indicate

13338-597: Was no revolt against the Austrian rule. Venetia remained under Austrian control until the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, when the Kingdom of Italy joined on the Prussian side and was promised Venetia in exchange for its assistance. Austria offered to sell Venetia to Italy, but the Italians refused, seeing it as a dishonourable act. This caused another southern front for Austria, the Third Italian War of Independence . Once

13455-567: Was originally a program of the National League of Cities , but it became a separate corporation in 1967 due to the growth and popularity of the program. Twin town cultural events include the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington, D.C., honoring Washington's twin relationship with Tokyo City . Many twinned towns developed business agreements with their partners. For example, Vermont 's Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream company opened

13572-464: Was the first twinned city in Canada and the second in North America, while Denver, United States , twinned with Brest, France , was the second twinned city in the United States. Liberal, Kansas was twinned with Olney, United Kingdom in 1950, and the cities have run a joint Pancake Day race ever since. Littleton, Colorado, twinned with Bega, Australia, in 1961. Tashkent , the capital city of Uzbekistan,

13689-458: Was twinned with Seattle , Washington, in 1973. Rochester, Minnesota , and Knebworth , UK, both centers for primary medical research, twinned in 1967. Ontario, California , has five sister cities around the world. They are Brockville, Ontario, Canada (since 1977); Guamúchil, Sinaloa, Mexico (since 1982); Mocorito, Sinaloa, Mexico (since 1982); Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico (since 1988); and Winterthur, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland. Oakville, Ontario

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